Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| leptospirosis: an occupational hazard to veterinarians. | leptospirosis occurred in two veterinarians in alberta, following their exposure to leptospires of domestic animal origin. the disease at onset resembled "flu" with fever, muscle and joint pain, and lassitude. it progressed through an extremely debilitating period with mild to severe hepatic and renal dysfunction, icterus and hemorrhage in one case, and cerebral meningitis in the other. both patients were hospitalized for 11 to 14 days, where they responded to supportive and specific antibiotic ... | 1986 | 17422627 |
| leptospirosis outbreak in a piggery in southern alberta. | fourteen abortions, stillbirths and neonatal deaths occurred over an interval of one month in crated sows in a farrow-to-finish swine operation. leptospira interrogans serovar pomona (kennewicki by dna analysis) was demonstrated by culture and fluorescent antibody test to be present in sows, piglets, boars, feeders, drinking water and skunks on the premises.antibody was found in all clinically affected sows, at serum dilutions ranging from 1/800 to 1/25,600, and in all breeding boars at titers f ... | 1986 | 17422651 |
| the successful management of leptospirosa hardjo infection in a beef herd in northern ontario. | abortion, premature calving, hemolytic anemia and fatal hematuria were associated with high levels (titer > 10(-4)) of antibody to leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo and with isolation of hardjo in a herd of 265 beef cattle in the great clay belt of northern ontario. this herd was bred by artificial insemination, after heat detection by vasectomized bulls. the antibody prevalence rate in the herd was 54 to 60% over a five year period. the rate tended to reach 100% by age three years and to be ... | 1986 | 17422716 |
| leptospirosa pomona abortion storm in a cattle herd in saskatchewan. | abortions occurred in 18% of 131 beef cows and heifers during two months, on a farm in southern saskatchewan. the losses began two weeks after acute febrile illness and agalactia in a dairy cow to which the beef herd had been exposed. a diagnosis of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona infection was made on the basis of serology in cows and the finding of leptospires in fetal tissues by fluorescent antibody test. tentative diagnosis of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis delayed treatment and pro ... | 1986 | 17422717 |
| leptospiral antibodies in cattle in alberta and evidence of an emerging serovar. | antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and pomona were present in 8.3% and 0.5% of sera respectively, from adult female cattle in alberta surveyed in 1984-85. criterion for a positive serum sample was 50% agglutination at 1/100 dilution in the microscopic agglutination test. a positive herd contained one or more cows with positive serum. prevalences were calculated on sample sizes that would give 80-95% reliability. hardjo antibody prevalences and hardjo-positive herd prevalences w ... | 1988 | 17423101 |
| failure of a seropositive bull to transmit leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection to heifers. | 1989 | 17423215 | |
| a survey of house mice from iowa swine farms for infection with leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava. | 1992 | 17424117 | |
| epidemiology and control of neosporosis and neospora caninum. | neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite of animals. until 1988, it was misidentified as toxoplasma gondii. since its first recognition in dogs in 1984 and the description of the new genus and species neospora caninum in 1988, neosporosis has emerged as a serious disease of cattle and dogs worldwide. abortions and neonatal mortality are a major problem in livestock operations, and neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle. although antibodies to n. caninum have been reported, the parasi ... | 2007 | 17428888 |
| pathogenesis of leptospirosis: interaction of leptospira interrogans with in vitro cultured mammalian cells. | interactions of virulent leptospira interrogans with murine monocyte-macrophage-like j774a.1 cells and vero (african green monkey kidney fibroblasts) cells from attachment to internalization were investigated by a series of morphological analysis. fontana silver staining revealed that only the pathogenic leptospires were able to attach to host cells and the attachment pattern varied depending on cell types that they interacted with. transmission electron microscopy (tem) analysis confirmed the f ... | 2007 | 17429690 |
| the shape and dynamics of the leptospiraceae. | most swimming bacteria produce thrust by rotating helical filaments called flagella. typically, the flagella stick out into the external fluid environment; however, in the spirochetes, a unique group that includes some highly pathogenic species of bacteria, the flagella are internalized, being incased in the periplasmic space; i.e., between the outer membrane and the cell wall. this coupling between the periplasmic flagella and the cell wall allows the flagella to serve a skeletal, as well as a ... | 2007 | 17434949 |
| enzymology and evolution of the pyruvate pathway to 2-oxobutyrate in methanocaldococcus jannaschii. | the archaeon methanocaldococcus jannaschii uses three different 2-oxoacid elongation pathways, which extend the chain length of precursors in leucine, isoleucine, and coenzyme b biosyntheses. in each of these pathways an aconitase-type hydrolyase catalyzes an hydroxyacid isomerization reaction. the genome sequence of m. jannaschii encodes two homologs of each large and small subunit that forms the hydrolyase, but the genes are not cotranscribed. the genes are more similar to each other than to p ... | 2007 | 17449626 |
| a serologic assessment of exposure to viral pathogens and leptospira in an urban raccoon (procyon lotor) population inhabiting a large zoological park. | in urban environments, raccoons (procyon lotor) may act as reservoirs for an array of pathogenic organisms, presenting spillover risks for human, domestic animal, and captive (zoo) animal populations. over 5 yr, 159 raccoons from a high-density raccoon population in st. louis, missouri (usa), were surveyed for exposure to canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus 1 (cav-1); feline parvovirus (fpv; =feline panleukopenia), and several serovars of leptospira interrogans. exposure to each of t ... | 2007 | 17469271 |
| efficacy of fluoroquinolones against leptospira interrogans in a hamster model. | ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and levofloxacin were evaluated for their abilities to prevent mortality in hamsters infected with a lethal inoculum of leptospira interrogans serovar portlandvere. each agent produced a statistically significant survival advantage compared to no treatment and demonstrated survival similar to that seen with doxycycline therapy. | 2007 | 17470646 |
| transferable resistance to aminoglycosides by methylation of g1405 in 16s rrna and to hydrophilic fluoroquinolones by qepa-mediated efflux in escherichia coli. | plasmid pip1206 was detected in escherichia coli strain 1540 during the screening of clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae for high-level resistance to aminoglycosides. the sequence of this incfi conjugative plasmid of ca. 100 kb was partially determined. pip1206 carried the rmtb gene for a ribosome methyltransferase that was shown to modify the n7 position of nucleotide g1405, located in the a site of 16s rrna. it also contained the qepa (quinolone efflux pump) gene that encodes a 14-transmem ... | 2007 | 17470656 |
| vapc-1 of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae is a ribonuclease. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) organisms are obligate parasites of the human upper respiratory tract that can exist as commensals or pathogens. toxin-antitoxin (ta) loci are highly conserved gene pairs that encode both a toxin and antitoxin moiety. seven ta gene families have been identified to date, and nthi carries two alleles of the vapbc family. here, we have characterized the function of one of the nthi alleles, vapbc-1. the gene pair is transcribed as an operon in two nthi clini ... | 2007 | 17496075 |
| multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona from argentina reveals four new genotypes. | outbreaks of leptospirosis occur regularly in argentina, but little is known about their epidemiological relationships. we have analyzed the genetic diversity of a collection of 16 strains of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona isolated from animals and humans in argentina during the past 45 years. genotyping was performed by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) using the loci vntr4, vntr7, vntr9, vntr10, vntr19, vntr23 and vntr31, as described by majed et al. [identifi ... | 2008 | 17531318 |
| leptospirosis in farmed deer in new zealand : a review. | current knowledge of leptospirosis in farmed deer in new zealand is reviewed. over the past 25 years, leptospirosis has been reported to occur in individual cases as well as in herd outbreaks in farmed deer and in human cases linked to farmed deer. serological studies and evidence from bacterial culture suggest infection is widespread. mixing of young stock from several sources appears to be a significant risk factor for outbreaks. the culture of leptospira interrogans serovars hardjobovis, pomo ... | 2007 | 17534410 |
| use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in bulk milk to estimate the prevalence of neospora caninum on dairy farms in prince edward island, canada. | this study evaluated the use of bulk milk as a diagnostic tool for estimation of herd-level neospora caninum exposure in atlantic canada; it was used to estimate the prevalence of dairy farms with a within-herd n. caninum-seroprevalence > or = 15% in prince edward island (pei). the variation over time of n. caninum antibodies in bulk milk is also reported. skimmed bulk milk and individual serum samples were analyzed for n. caninum antibodies by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). ... | 2007 | 17542367 |
| [membrane location and naturally antibody responses of genus-specific antigen ompl1s of leptospira interrogans]. | the major aim of this study is to determine the location on outer envelope of the genus-specific antigen ompl1s of leptospira interrogans, and the inducement of naturally antibody response and types of the antigen, which will offer the evidences to use ompl1s as the antigen candidate for developing universal genetic engineering vaccine and detection kit. the serum samples from 156 leptospirosis patients in sichuan area were detected using microscope agglutination test (mat). by using pcr plus nu ... | 2007 | 17552244 |
| leptospirosis in urban wild boars, berlin, germany. | we found antibodies to leptospires in 25 (18%) of 141 wild boars from berlin (95% confidence interval 12-25). seropositivity was associated with chronic interstitial nephritis (odds ratio 10.5; p=0.01), and leptospires were detected in kidney tissues. wild boars represent a potential source for human leptospirosis in urban environments. | 2007 | 17553254 |
| crystal structure of sam-dependent o-methyltransferase from pathogenic bacterium leptospira interrogans. | the s-adenosylmethionine (sam)-dependent o-methyltransferase from leptospira interrogans (liomt) expressed by gene la0415 belongs to the methyltransf_3 family (pfam pf01596). in this family all of the five bacterial homologues with known function are reported as sam-dependent o-methylstransferases involved in antibiotic production. the crystal structure of liomt in complex with s-adenosylhomocysteine reported here is the first bacterial protein structure in this family. the liomt structure shows ... | 2007 | 17561415 |
| human infection with schineria iarvae. | 2007 | 17561570 | |
| expression and characterization of an iron-regulated hemin-binding protein, hbpa, from leptospira interrogans serovar lai. | in an earlier study, based on the ferric enterobactin receptor fepa of escherichia coli, we identified and modeled a tonb-dependent outer membrane receptor protein (lb191) from the genome of leptospira interrogans serovar lai. based on in silico analysis, we hypothesized that this protein was an iron-dependent hemin-binding protein. in this study, we provide experimental evidence to prove that this protein, termed hbpa (hemin-binding protein a), is indeed an iron-regulated hemin-binding protein. ... | 2007 | 17576761 |
| serological evidence of leptospiral infection in pig populations in different districts in japan. | serum samples were collected from 938 pigs of 24 farms in hokkaido, kagoshima, and okinawa prefectures in japan in 2001-2005. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used for the detection of antibodies to lipl32 antigen which is common to leptospira interrogans. samples positive in elisa were then investigated by microscopic agglutination test for the identification of causal leptospires. antibodies specific to leptospires of serovars copenhageni, bratislava, australis and javanica were d ... | 2007 | 17579270 |
| agonistic and antagonistic properties of a rhizobium sin-1 lipid a modified by an ether-linked lipid. | lps from rhizobium sin-1 (r. sin-1) can antagonize the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) by e. coli lps in human monocytic cells. therefore these compounds provide interesting leads for the development of therapeutics for the prevention or treatment of septic shock. detailed structure activity relationship studies have, however, been hampered by the propensity of these compounds to undergo beta-elimination to give biological inactive enone derivatives. to address this problem ... | 2007 | 17581652 |
| protein subunit interfaces: heterodimers versus homodimers. | protein dimers are either homodimers (complexation of identical monomers) or heterodimers (complexation of non-identical monomers). these dimers are common in catalysis and regulation. however, the molecular principles of protein dimer interactions are difficult to understand mainly due to the geometrical and chemical characteristics of proteins. nonetheless, the principles of protein dimer interactions are often studied using a dataset of 3d structural complexes determined by x-ray crystallogra ... | 2005 | 17597849 |
| modeling of phosphomethyl pyrimidine kinase from leptospira interrogans serovar lai strain 56601. | many microorganisms, as well as plants and fungi, synthesize thiamin, but vertebrates do not produce it. phosphomethyl pyrimidine kinase is an enzyme involved in an intermediary step of thiamin biosynthesis from purine molecules. this enzyme is absent in humans. thus, it is a potential chemotherapeutic target for antileptospiral treatment. structure of this enzyme from leptospira interrogans serovar lai strain 56601 has not yet been elucidated. we used the structural template of phosphomethyl py ... | 2006 | 17597880 |
| genetic diversity among major endemic strains of leptospira interrogans in china. | leptospirosis is a world-widely distributed zoonosis. humans become infected via exposure to pathogenic leptospira spp. from contaminated water or soil. the availability of genomic sequences of leptospira interrogans serovar lai and serovar copenhageni opened up opportunities to identify genetic diversity among different pathogenic strains of l. interrogans representing various kinds of serotypes (serogroups and serovars). | 2007 | 17603913 |
| parallel dimerization of a prrc-anticodon nuclease region implicated in trnalys recognition. | the optional escherichia coli restriction trnase prrc represents a family of potential antiviral devices widespread among bacteria. prrc comprises a functional c-domain of unknown structure and regulatory abc/atpase-like n-domain. the possible involvement of a c-domain sequence in trna(lys) recognition was investigated using a matching end-protected 11-meric peptide. this mimic, termed here larp (lys-anticodon recognizing peptide) uv-cross-linked trna(lys) anticodon stem-loop (asl) analogs and i ... | 2007 | 17604307 |
| bartonella quintana lipopolysaccharide is a natural antagonist of toll-like receptor 4. | bartonella quintana is a gram-negative microorganism that causes trench fever and chronic bacteremia. b. quintana lipopolysaccharide (lps) was unable to induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines in human monocytes. interestingly, b. quintana lps is a potent antagonist of toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4), as it inhibited both mrna transcription and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta (il-1beta), and il-6 by escherichia coli lps in human monocytes, at ratios ranging f ... | 2007 | 17606598 |
| identification of a novel potential antigen for early-phase serodiagnosis of leptospirosis. | this study examined four genes encoding for predicted membrane proteins selected from the genome sequences of leptospira interrogans. genes were cloned and the proteins expressed in e. coli. immunoblotting analysis of the recombinants with sera from early and convalescent phases of a leptospirosis patient showed that two proteins, namely lp29 and lp49, were reactive with serum from both phases of the illness. these data were further confirmed in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using sera from ... | 2007 | 17609931 |
| comparison of invasion of fibroblasts and macrophages by high- and low-virulence leptospira strains: colonization of the host-cell nucleus and induction of necrosis by the virulent strain. | the infection cycle of low- and high-virulence strains of leptospira interrogans was compared in fibroblasts and macrophages. l. interrogans serovar lai strain lai was used as a representative high-virulence strain, while l. interrogans serovars pomona strain luo was used as a low-virulence strain. l. biflexa serovar patoc strain patoc i, a nonparasitic strain of leptospira, was used as a control. both the high- and low-virulence strains could adhere to fibroblasts and macrophages using one or b ... | 2007 | 17622516 |
| pathology and pathophysiology of pulmonary manifestations in leptospirosis. | leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonosis occurring as large outbreaks throughout the world caused by leptospira interrogans. the incidence of pulmonary involvement in leptospirosis has been reported to be increasing in the last years, affecting up to 70% of the patients. alveolar hemorrhage presented as dyspnea and hemoptysis is the main pulmonary manifestation. the emergence of massive hemoptysis and acute respiratory distress syndrome has characterized the recent changes reported in the clinica ... | 2007 | 17625743 |
| increased prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi infections in bernese mountain dogs: a possible breed predisposition. | glomerulonephritis in dogs has been associated with b. burgdorferi infections. in bernese mountain dogs with glomerulonephritis antibodies against b. burgdorferi have been found in most dogs, raising the question if the breed is predisposed to infections with b. burgdorferi. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies against b. burgdorferi sensu lato in a well defined population of bernese mountain dogs and to compare this prevalence with data from dogs of other breeds. | 2007 | 17626630 |
| the terminal portion of leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein liga confers protective immunity against lethal infection in the hamster model of leptospirosis. | subunit vaccines are a potential intervention strategy against leptospirosis, which is a major public health problem in developing countries and a veterinary disease in livestock and companion animals worldwide. leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (lig) proteins are a family of surface-exposed determinants that have ig-like repeat domains found in virulence factors such as intimin and invasin. we expressed fragments of the repeat domain regions of liga and ligb from leptospira interrogans serovar co ... | 2007 | 17629368 |
| the ompa-like protein loa22 is essential for leptospiral virulence. | pathogenic mechanisms of leptospira interrogans, the causal agent of leptospirosis, remain largely unknown. this is mainly due to the lack of tools for genetic manipulations of pathogenic species. in this study, we characterized a mutant obtained by insertion of the transposon himar1 into a gene encoding a putative lipoprotein, loa22, which has a predicted ompa domain based on sequence identity. the resulting mutant did not express loa22 and was attenuated in virulence in the guinea pig and hams ... | 2007 | 17630832 |
| human pathogenic borrelia spielmanii sp. nov. resists complement-mediated killing by direct binding of immune regulators factor h and factor h-like protein 1. | borrelia spielmanii sp. nov. has recently been shown to be a novel human pathogenic genospecies that causes lyme disease in europe. in order to elucidate the immune evasion mechanisms of b. spielmanii, we compared the abilities of isolates obtained from lyme disease patients and tick isolate pc-eq17 to escape from complement-mediated bacteriolysis. using a growth inhibition assay, we show that four b. spielmanii isolates, including pc-eq17, are serum resistant, whereas a single isolate, pmew, wa ... | 2007 | 17635869 |
| identification of leptospiral isolates by bacterial restriction endonuclease analysis (brenda). | dna samples from 19 reference serovars belonging to 19 different serogroups of leptospira interrogans and two serovars belonging to leptospira biflexa were examined by bacterial restriction endonuclease analysis using ecor i and hae iii enzymes. all the serovars gave unique restriction patterns that differed from each other. dna from 10 local isolates digested with these enzymes produced patterns which on comparison with the standard patterns produced by reference strains could be identified to ... | 2001 | 17664802 |
| rasta-bacteria: a web-based tool for identifying toxin-antitoxin loci in prokaryotes. | toxin/antitoxin (ta) systems, viewed as essential regulators of growth arrest and programmed cell death, are widespread among prokaryotes, but remain sparsely annotated. we present rasta-bacteria, an automated method allowing quick and reliable identification of ta loci in sequenced prokaryotic genomes, whether they are annotated open reading frames or not. the tool successfully confirmed all reported ta systems, and spotted new putative loci upon screening of sequenced genomes. rasta-bacteria i ... | 2007 | 17678530 |
| seroepidemiological survey of rodents collected at a u.s. military installation, yongsan garrison, seoul, republic of korea. | a seroepidemiological study of selected rodent-borne diseases (hantavirus [seoul [seo] virus], scrub typhus [orientia tsutsugamushi], murine typhus [rickettsia typhi], and leptospirosis [leptospira interrogans]), as part of the u.s. military rodent surveillance and control program, was conducted from 2001 through 2005 at yongsan garrison, seoul, republic of korea. rodents were collected to determine the prevalence of rodent-borne diseases at a u.s. military installation in an urban environment. ... | 2007 | 17691691 |
| structural basis for the acyl chain selectivity and mechanism of udp-n-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase. | udp-n-acetylglucosamine (udp-glcnac) acyltransferase (lpxa) catalyzes the first step of lipid a biosynthesis, the reversible transfer of the r-3-hydroxyacyl chain from r-3-hydroxyacyl acyl carrier protein to the glucosamine 3-oh group of udp-glcnac. escherichia coli lpxa is highly selective for r-3-hydroxymyristate. the crystal structure of the e. coli lpxa homotrimer, determined previously in the absence of lipid substrates or products, revealed that lpxa contains an unusual, left-handed parall ... | 2007 | 17698807 |
| leptospirosis serology in the common brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula) from urban sydney, australia. | the common brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula) is indeed a common marsupial in major cities of australia. this species is known to be susceptible to leptospirosis and often lives in close contact with humans, raising concerns about the potential for transmission of this disease in urban areas. a total of 192 brushtail possum blood samples were collected from 136 individuals in suburban areas of metropolitan sydney from november 2002 to november 2004. sera were screened against a reference p ... | 2007 | 17699087 |
| bilateral acute keratouveitis in leptospirosis: a new entity. | 2007 | 17699963 | |
| structure and biological activities of beta toxin from staphylococcus aureus. | beta toxin is a neutral sphingomyelinase secreted by certain strains of staphylococcus aureus. this virulence factor lyses erythrocytes in order to evade the host immune system as well as scavenge nutrients. the structure of beta toxin was determined at 2.4-a resolution using crystals that were merohedrally twinned. this structure is similar to that of the sphingomyelinases of listeria ivanovii and bacillus cereus. beta toxin belongs to the dnase i folding superfamily; in addition to sphingomyel ... | 2007 | 17873030 |
| ompl1 dna vaccine cross-protects against heterologous leptospira spp. challenge. | available leptospirosis vaccines made up of inactivated bacteria or their membrane components elicit immunity which is serovar specific and unsatisfactory immunological memory. a vaccine that protects across leptospira serogroups/serovars, i.e. broad spectrum, and induces long-lasting memory is needed for both human and veterinary uses. in this study, a plasmid dna vaccine was constructed from cloning gene encoding a transmembrane porin protein, ompl1, of pathogenic leptospira interrogans, serog ... | 2007 | 17891923 |
| osmotic regulation of expression of two extracellular matrix-binding proteins and a haemolysin of leptospira interrogans: differential effects on liga and sph2 extracellular release. | the life cycle of the pathogen leptospira interrogans involves stages outside and inside the host. entry of l. interrogans from moist environments into the host is likely to be accompanied by the induction of genes encoding virulence determinants and the concomitant repression of genes encoding products required for survival outside of the host. the expression of the adhesin liga, the haemolysin sph2 (lk73.5) and the outer-membrane lipoprotein lipl36 of pathogenic leptospira species have been re ... | 2007 | 17906138 |
| comparative genomic analysis of tropheryma whipplei strains reveals that diversity among clinical isolates is mainly related to the wisp proteins. | the aim of this study was to analyze the genomic diversity of several tropheryma whipplei strains by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization. fifteen clinical isolates originating from biopsy samples recovered from different countries were compared with the t. whipplei twist strain. for each isolate, the genes were defined as either present or absent/divergent using the gack analysis software. genomic changes were then further characterized by pcr and sequencing. | 2007 | 17910761 |
| [reconstruction of leptospira interrogans lipl21 gene and characteristics of its expression product]. | to reconstruct the nucleotide sequence of leptospira interrogans lipl21 gene for increasing the output of prokaryotic expression and to understand the changes on immunogenicity of the expression products before and after reconstruction, and to determine the position of envelope lipoprotein lipl21 on the surface of leptospiral body. | 2007 | 17924464 |
| crystal structure of homoserine o-acetyltransferase from leptospira interrogans. | homoserine o-acetyltransferase (hta, ec 2.3.1.31) initiates methionine biosynthesis pathway by catalyzing the transfer of acetyl group from acetyl-coa to homoserine. this study reports the crystal structure of hta from leptospira interrogans determined at 2.2a resolution using selenomethionyl single-wavelength anomalous diffraction method. hta is modular and consists of two structurally distinct domains--a core alpha/beta domain containing the catalytic site and a helical bundle called the lid d ... | 2007 | 17927957 |
| molecular detection of leptospira interrogans in human tissues and environmental samples in a lethal case of leptospirosis. | a forensic case of suspected leptospirosis with fatal course was resolved by the molecular detection of leptospira interrogans in postmortem human tissues and in environmental samples. polymerase chain reaction analysis and dna sequencing confirmed the clinical diagnosis of weil syndrome, and the death was considered to be an occupational accident with all the legal implications. | 2008 | 17943302 |
| frequency and causes of infectious abortion in a dairy herd in queretaro, mexico. | the objective of this study was to determine the frequency of infectious bovine abortion and to identify some of its causes, specifically brucellosis, leptospirosis, bovine viral diarrhea, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, and neosporosis. the study was carried out in a dairy herd in the state of queretaro, mexico, between september 2002 and march 2003. at the beginning of the study, blood samples were taken from a random 33% of the 300 lactating or pregnant cows; antibodies against leptospira ... | 2007 | 17955907 |
| a novel leptospiral protein increases icam-1 and e-selectin expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. | it has been reported previously that activation of vascular endothelium by outer membrane proteins of the spirochetes borrelia sp. and treponema sp. resulted in enhanced expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules. to investigate the role of leptospiral proteins in this process, a predicted lipoprotein encoded by the gene lic10365 was selected, which belongs to a paralogous family that presents a domain of unknown function, duf1565. the lic10365 gene was cloned and the protein expressed in ... | 2007 | 17956423 |
| crystal structures of leptospira interrogans fad-containing ferredoxin-nadp+ reductase and its complex with nadp+. | ferredoxin-nadp(h) reductases (fnrs) are flavoenzymes that catalyze the electron transfer between nadp(h) and the proteins ferredoxin or flavodoxin. a number of structural features distinguish plant and bacterial fnrs, one of which is the mode of the cofactor fad binding. leptospira interrogans is a spirochaete parasitic bacterium capable of infecting humans and mammals in general. leptospira interrogans fnr (lepfnr) displays low sequence identity with plant (34% with zea mays) and bacterial (31 ... | 2007 | 17958910 |
| [evaluation of an homologous bacterin against bovine leptospirosis]. | 48 adult bovine females dividided into 6 groups were used aimed at characterizing the immune response induced in breastfeeeding cows by an homologous bacterin formulated with different adjuvants. they were intramuscularly administered 2 milliliters of a bacterin formulated with leptospira interrogans serovars uam, wolffi, hardjo, bratislava, grippotyphosa and panama added with different adjuvants, such as aluminum hydroxide, freud's complete adjuvant, freud's incomplete adjuvant, liposoluble vit ... | 2005 | 17966474 |
| [evaluation of the transcription of locus rfb for the biosynthesis of lps in leptospira interrogans subtype hardjoprajitno]. | plasmid pgl4w15-96 was constructed from the pgl4w74 vector without promoter for kanamycin and a sequence of 480pb containing the supposed j15 promoter with the objective of confirming the role of j15 sequence as a promoter for leptospira, which restored the transcription of the gene of resistance to kanamycin in escherichia coli and leptospira biflexa, corroborating this way the function of the insertion as a promoter for both organisms. | 2005 | 17966475 |
| [solubilization of components of outer membrane of leptospira interrogans serovar mozdok by sodium desoxycholate and triton x-100 and evaluation of their immunogenic capacity and homologous and heterologous protection induced in hamsters]. | two detergents (triton x-100 and sodium desoxycholate) were evaluated as solubilizing agents of the components of the outer membrane of leptospira pomona serovar mozdok. it was obtained a greater yielding of proteins on applying the treatment with triton x-100. the variants formulated starting from the extracts obtained showed a high immunogenicity and capacity of homologous protection against the challenge in hamster. | 2005 | 17966480 |
| [evaluation of the vaccine potentiality of 2 strains from leptospira interrogans serogroup ballum]. | two vacine candidate strains from ballum serogroup were characterized and their immunogenicity and protective power were studied in hamster. the monovalent vaccine formulations obtained showed a high immunogenicity and capacity of homologous protection and, in a lesser degree, of cross protection. | 2005 | 17966485 |
| [use of diafiltration in the lavage of cultures of leptospira interrogans canicola canicola for the production of vaccine vax-spiral]. | it was proposed to substitute the present technology of the lavage operation for a tangential microfiltration system at the lavage stages of the culture of leptospira interrogans canicola canicola. it was proved that this system may be applied, since no cellular affectation was observed and high pollutant elimination levels were obtained. | 2005 | 17966488 |
| [scale-up of the fermentation of leptospira interrogans canicola canicola for the production of vax-spiral vaccine]. | the operational conditions for the production of vaccine vax-spiral were established at the scale of 100 l. it was concluded that it should be carried out with an air flow of 10 l/min (0.1 vvm) and without mechanical agitation. | 2005 | 17966489 |
| zinc is the metal cofactor of borrelia burgdorferi peptide deformylase. | peptide deformylase (pdf, e.c. 3.5.1.88) catalyzes the removal of n-terminal formyl groups from nascent ribosome-synthesized polypeptides. pdf contains a catalytically essential divalent metal ion, which is tetrahedrally coordinated by three protein ligands (his, his, and cys) and a water molecule. previous studies revealed that the metal cofactor is a fe2+ ion in escherichia coli and many other bacterial pdfs. in this work, we found that pdfs from two iron-deficient bacteria, borrelia burgdorfe ... | 2007 | 17977509 |
| cyclical changes in seroprevalence of leptospirosis in california sea lions: endemic and epidemic disease in one host species? | leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease infecting a broad range of mammalian hosts, and is re-emerging globally. california sea lions (zalophus californianus) have experienced recurrent outbreaks of leptospirosis since 1970, but it is unknown whether the pathogen persists in the sea lion population or is introduced repeatedly from external reservoirs. | 2007 | 17986335 |
| a dominant clone of leptospira interrogans associated with an outbreak of human leptospirosis in thailand. | a sustained outbreak of leptospirosis occurred in northeast thailand between 1999 and 2003, the basis for which was unknown. | 2007 | 17989782 |
| experimental infection in tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor, interferon gamma and interleukin 4 deficient mice by pathogenic leptospira interrogans. | only recently, knockout mouse models were applied in studies on the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. current data suggest an important role of innate immunity receptors and interferon gamma dependant cellular response on protection. it is not clear, however, whether t helper cell polarization influences on outcome of leptospiral infection. we report findings of experimental infection of c57bl/6 (interferon gamma or tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor deficient) and balb/c (interleukin 4 deficient ... | 2008 | 17991451 |
| leptospirosis in the andaman islands, india. | leptospirosis is an emerging zoonosis. in the andaman islands during the early twentieth century, it occurred in the penal settlements of the british india administration, mostly as weil's disease, an acute febrile illness with hepato-renal complications. it was caused by leptospires belonging to groups akiamy a and andamans a. after the 1930s nothing further is known regarding the disease until the late 1980s, when andaman haemorrhagic fever (ahf), a mysterious illness with the majority of case ... | 2008 | 17991499 |
| morphological alterations in the kidney of rats with natural and experimental leptospira infection. | leptospirosis is a widespread anthropozoonosis, with a broad array of mammalian reservoirs, occurring as rural endemics, urban outbreaks related to floods, and emergent disease associated with water sports and recreational exposure in developed countries. rats are the major source of human infection, particularly in urban areas; however few reports have focused on the pathology of leptospirosis in this host. this study reports pathological changes in 60 kidneys from captured wild rats and compar ... | 2007 | 17996544 |
| detection of leptospira interrogans dna and antigen in fixed equine eyes affected with end-stage equine recurrent uveitis. | equine recurrent uveitis (eru) is the most frequent cause of blindness in horses worldwide. leptospira has been implicated as an etiologic agent in some cases of eru and has been detected in fresh ocular tissues of affected horses. the objective of this study was to determine the presence of leptospira antigen and dna in fixed equine ocular tissues affected with end-stage eru. sections of eyes from 30 horses were obtained. controls included 1) 10 normal equine eyes and 2) 10 equine eyes with a n ... | 2007 | 17998558 |
| leptospira interrogans endostatin-like outer membrane proteins bind host fibronectin, laminin and regulators of complement. | the pathogenic spirochete leptospira interrogans disseminates throughout its hosts via the bloodstream, then invades and colonizes a variety of host tissues. infectious leptospires are resistant to killing by their hosts' alternative pathway of complement-mediated killing, and interact with various host extracellular matrix (ecm) components. the lena outer surface protein (formerly called lfha and lsa24) was previously shown to bind the host ecm component laminin and the complement regulators fa ... | 2007 | 18000555 |
| identification of prophages in bacterial genomes by dinucleotide relative abundance difference. | prophages are integrated viral forms in bacterial genomes that have been found to contribute to interstrain genetic variability. many virulence-associated genes are reported to be prophage encoded. present computational methods to detect prophages are either by identifying possible essential proteins such as integrases or by an extension of this technique, which involves identifying a region containing proteins similar to those occurring in prophages. these methods suffer due to the problem of l ... | 2007 | 18030328 |
| yellow fever and max theiler: the only nobel prize for a virus vaccine. | in 1951, max theiler of the rockefeller foundation received the nobel prize in physiology or medicine for his discovery of an effective vaccine against yellow fever--a discovery first reported in the jem 70 years ago. this was the first, and so far the only, nobel prize given for the development of a virus vaccine. recently released nobel archives now reveal how the advances in the yellow fever vaccine field were evaluated more than 50 years ago, and how this led to a prize for max theiler. | 2007 | 18039952 |
| periplasmic phosphorylation of lipid a is linked to the synthesis of undecaprenyl phosphate. | one-third of the lipid a found in the escherichia coli outer membrane contains an unsubstituted diphosphate unit at position 1 (lipid a 1-diphosphate). we now report an inner membrane enzyme, lpxt (yeiu), which specifically transfers a phosphate group to lipid a, forming the 1-diphosphate species. (32)p-labelled lipid a obtained from lpxt mutants do not produce lipid a 1-diphosphate. in vitro assays with kdo(2)-[4'-(32)p]lipid a as the acceptor shows that lpxt uses undecaprenyl pyrophosphate as ... | 2008 | 18047581 |
| periplasmic phosphorylation of lipid a is linked to the synthesis of undecaprenyl phosphate. | one-third of the lipid a found in the escherichia coli outer membrane contains an unsubstituted diphosphate unit at position 1 (lipid a 1-diphosphate). we now report an inner membrane enzyme, lpxt (yeiu), which specifically transfers a phosphate group to lipid a, forming the 1-diphosphate species. (32)p-labelled lipid a obtained from lpxt mutants do not produce lipid a 1-diphosphate. in vitro assays with kdo(2)-[4'-(32)p]lipid a as the acceptor shows that lpxt uses undecaprenyl pyrophosphate as ... | 2008 | 18047581 |
| assessing the evolutionary rate of positional orthologous genes in prokaryotes using synteny data. | comparison of completely sequenced microbial genomes has revealed how fluid these genomes are. detecting synteny blocks requires reliable methods to determining the orthologs among the whole set of homologs detected by exhaustive comparisons between each pair of completely sequenced genomes. this is a complex and difficult problem in the field of comparative genomics but will help to better understand the way prokaryotic genomes are evolving. | 2007 | 18047665 |
| evaluation of protective immunity of leptospira immunoglobulin like protein a (liga) dna vaccine against challenge in hamsters. | we demonstrated earlier that immunization with recombinant leptospira immunoglobulin like protein a (liga) induced significant protection against virulent leptospira interrogans serovar pomona challenge in hamsters. however, the protective immune mechanism remains unclear. in the present study we demonstrated the protective efficacy of a liga dna vaccine and evaluated the immune mechanism underlying the protection against leptospirosis in hamsters. the liga dna vaccine was constructed in two tru ... | 2008 | 18055070 |
| sequence-based typing of leptospira: epidemiology in the genomic era. | 2007 | 18060079 | |
| recombinant mycobacterium bovis bcg expressing the lipl32 antigen of leptospira interrogans protects hamsters from challenge. | the bacillus calmette--guerin (bcg), a live attenuated mycobacterium bovis strain is considered a promising candidate as a vector system for delivery of foreign antigens to the immune system. the gene coding for the leptospira interrogans external membrane protein lipl32, a highly immunogenic antigen found in all pathogenic leptospira, was cloned into several mycobacterial vectors for expression in bcg. hamsters immunized with recombinant bcg (rbcg) expressing lipl32 were protected against morta ... | 2007 | 18063449 |
| detection and characterization of leptospira interrogans isolates from pet rats belonging to a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient with leptospirosis. | 2008 | 18065682 | |
| leptospirosis vaccines. | abstract: leptospirosis is a serious infection disease caused by pathogenic strains of the leptospira spirochetes, which affects not only humans but also animals. it has long been expected to find an effective vaccine to prevent leptospirosis through immunization of high risk humans or animals. although some leptospirosis vaccines have been obtained, the vaccination is relatively unsuccessful in clinical application despite decades of research and millions of dollars spent. in this review, the r ... | 2007 | 18072968 |
| [establishment of standardized method for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis on leptospira interrogans and analysis on their patterns]. | to establish a standardized operation procedure for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) on leptospira interrogans as well as a figure digital database to develop the chinese representative reference strains. | 2007 | 18080564 |
| [study on the location of membrane and detection of antibody in the sera of genus-specific antigen lipl41s in patients with leptospira interrogans]. | to determine the location on outer envelope and natural antibody response and types of genus-specific lipoprotein antigen lipl41s in patients with leptospira interrogans. | 2007 | 18080565 |
| characterization of the sos regulon of caulobacter crescentus. | the sos regulon is a paradigm of bacterial responses to dna damage. a wide variety of bacterial species possess homologs of lexa and reca, the central players in the regulation of the sos circuit. nevertheless, the genes actually regulated by the sos have been determined only experimentally in a few bacterial species. in this work, we describe 37 genes regulated in a lexa-dependent manner in the alphaproteobacterium caulobacter crescentus. in agreement with previous results, we have found that t ... | 2008 | 18083815 |
| characterization of the sos regulon of caulobacter crescentus. | the sos regulon is a paradigm of bacterial responses to dna damage. a wide variety of bacterial species possess homologs of lexa and reca, the central players in the regulation of the sos circuit. nevertheless, the genes actually regulated by the sos have been determined only experimentally in a few bacterial species. in this work, we describe 37 genes regulated in a lexa-dependent manner in the alphaproteobacterium caulobacter crescentus. in agreement with previous results, we have found that t ... | 2008 | 18083815 |
| sensing gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides: a human disease determinant? | 2008 | 18086818 | |
| sensing gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides: a human disease determinant? | 2008 | 18086818 | |
| rattus norvegicus as a model for persistent renal colonization by pathogenic leptospira interrogans. | leptospirosis continues to be a disease with a poorly understood pathogenesis. the experimental rat model is amenable for the investigation of leptospiral dissemination, tropism, persistence of renal colonization and factors related to disease resistance. in this study, wistar rats were infected intraperitoneally with virulent leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni strain fiocruz l1-130. the detection of leptospires in tissue samples was based on culture, silver staining and immunofluorescen ... | 2008 | 18093568 |
| measurement of aerobic respiration in leptospira icterohaemorhagiae. | 1949 | 18113779 | |
| genome evolution and the emergence of fruiting body development in myxococcus xanthus. | lateral gene transfer (lgt) is thought to promote speciation in bacteria, though well-defined examples have not been put forward. | 2007 | 18159227 |
| leptospira infections in trappers from ontario. | four trappers presented to the middlesex-london health unit in november, 1997 with similar clinical presentations. all four complained of fever, chills and headache, and three of the four had severe muscle aches. all gave histories of trapping raccoons before the onset of illness. three of the four men exhibited diagnostic seroconversions to leptospira grippotyphosa. | 2000 | 18159265 |
| [identification of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona in mice genetically selected for high and low antibody production, by means of the immunoperoxidase technique in renal tissue and bacterial isolation in fletcher medium]. | the present work had the objective of identifying the presence of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona in mice that had been genetically selected for high and low response to antibodies. all the animals were subjected to bacterial isolation, immunohistochemical analysis (immunoperoxidase) in renal tissue sections and hematoxylin-eosin staining. the immunoperoxidase technique was little more sensitive than culturing, but both were good parameters for agent identification. more severe renal lesio ... | 2007 | 18200418 |
| virus detection and monitoring of viral load in crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus patients. | we developed a real-time reverse transcription--pcr that detected 1,164 copies/ml of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus per milliliter of serum at 95% probability (probit analysis) and was 100% concordant with nested pcr on 63 samples from 31 patients with confirmed infection. infected patients who died appeared to have higher viral loads; low viral loads correlated with igg detection. | 2007 | 18214191 |
| rapid serodiagnosis of leptospirosis by latex agglutination test and flow-through assay. | diagnosis of leptospirosis facilitates patient management and initiation of therapy. the microscopic agglutination test (mat) is the serological test used in reference laboratories because of its high degree of sensitivity and specificity. but the results are not available quickly for patient management. in the present study, in order to develop a simple, rapid immunodiagnostic assay, one of the outer membrane proteins (omps), recombinant lipl41 (rlipl41) has been utilised in latex agglutination ... | 2008 | 18227597 |
| serosurvey of ex situ giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca) and red pandas (ailurus fulgens) in china with implications for species conservation. | conservation strategies for the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) include the development of a self-sustaining ex situ population. this study examined the potential significance of infectious pathogens in giant pandas ex situ. serologic antibody titers against canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv), canine adenovirus (cav), canine coronavirus (ccv), canine herpesvirus, canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, and leptospira interrogans were measur ... | 2007 | 18229861 |
| heme rescues a two-component system leptospira biflexa mutant. | heme is typically a major iron source for bacteria, but little is known about how bacteria of the leptospira genus, composed of both saprophytic and pathogenic species, access heme. | 2008 | 18234085 |
| elucidation of an alternate isoleucine biosynthesis pathway in geobacter sulfurreducens. | the central metabolic model for geobacter sulfurreducens included a single pathway for the biosynthesis of isoleucine that was analogous to that of escherichia coli, in which the isoleucine precursor 2-oxobutanoate is generated from threonine. 13c labeling studies performed in g. sulfurreducens indicated that this pathway accounted for a minor fraction of isoleucine biosynthesis and that the majority of isoleucine was instead derived from acetyl-coenzyme a and pyruvate, possibly via the citramal ... | 2008 | 18245290 |
| novel ultrastructures of treponema primitia and their implications for motility. | members of the bacterial phylum spirochaetes are generally helical cells propelled by periplasmic flagella. the spirochete treponema primitia is interesting because of its mutualistic role in the termite gut, where it is believed to cooperate with protozoa that break down cellulose and produce h(2) as a by-product. here we report the ultrastructure of t. primitia as obtained by electron cryotomography of intact, frozen-hydrated cells. several previously unrecognized external structures were reve ... | 2008 | 18248579 |
| lyme borreliosis spirochete erp proteins, their known host ligands, and potential roles in mammalian infection. | lyme borreliae naturally maintain numerous distinct dna elements of the cp32 family, each of which carries a mono- or bicistronic erp locus. the encoded erp proteins are surface-exposed outer membrane lipoproteins that are produced at high levels during mammalian infection but largely repressed during colonization of vector ticks. recent studies have revealed that some erp proteins can serve as bacterial adhesins, binding host proteins such as the complement regulator factor h and the extracellu ... | 2008 | 18248770 |
| selenium status and antibodies to selected pathogens in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in southern minnesota. | to determine exposure to a variety of infectious diseases potentially important for native ungulates, livestock, and humans, serum samples from 114 (94 adults, 20 fawns) female white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were collected during january 2000-03 from multiple locations in southeast (se) and southwest (sw) minnesota. antibody prevalence was determined for the following pathogens: mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, leptospira interrogans (six serovars), anaplasma marginale, b ... | 2008 | 18263838 |
| a scenario on the stepwise evolution of the genetic code. | it is believed that in the rna world the operational (ribozymes) and the informational (riboscripts) rna molecules were created with only three (adenosine, uridine, and guanosine) and two (adenosine and uridine) nucleosides, respectively, so that the genetic code started uncomplicated. ribozymes subsequently evolved to be able to cut and paste themselves and riboscripts were acceptive to rigorous editing (adenosine to inosine); the intensive diversification of rna molecules shaped novel cellular ... | 2008 | 18267295 |
| a scenario on the stepwise evolution of the genetic code. | it is believed that in the rna world the operational (ribozymes) and the informational (riboscripts) rna molecules were created with only three (adenosine, uridine, and guanosine) and two (adenosine and uridine) nucleosides, respectively, so that the genetic code started uncomplicated. ribozymes subsequently evolved to be able to cut and paste themselves and riboscripts were acceptive to rigorous editing (adenosine to inosine); the intensive diversification of rna molecules shaped novel cellular ... | 2008 | 18267295 |
| genome sequence of the saprophyte leptospira biflexa provides insights into the evolution of leptospira and the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. | leptospira biflexa is a free-living saprophytic spirochete present in aquatic environments. we determined the genome sequence of l. biflexa, making it the first saprophytic leptospira to be sequenced. the l. biflexa genome has 3,590 protein-coding genes distributed across three circular replicons: the major 3,604 chromosome, a smaller 278-kb replicon that also carries essential genes, and a third 74-kb replicon. comparative sequence analysis provides evidence that l. biflexa is an excellent mode ... | 2008 | 18270594 |
| lipl32 is an extracellular matrix-interacting protein of leptospira spp. and pseudoalteromonas tunicata. | lipl32 is the major outer membrane protein in pathogenic leptospira. it is highly conserved throughout pathogenic species and is expressed in vivo during human infection. while these data suggest a role in pathogenesis, a function for lipl32 has not been defined. outer membrane proteins of gram-negative bacteria are the first line of molecular interaction with the host, and many have been shown to bind host extracellular matrix (ecm). a search for leptospiral ecm-interacting proteins identified ... | 2008 | 18285490 |