Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| propagation, modification, and hemadsorption of african swine fever virus in cell cultures. | 1962 | 14469017 | |
| detection of porcine teschoviruses and enteroviruses by lightcycler real-time pcr. | porcine picornaviruses comprising at least 23 serotypes grouped into six species were described as causative agents of neurological disorders, reproductive failure, and aphthae-like dermal lesions of swine. other viruses such as classical swine fever virus (csfv), african swine fever virus, pseudorabies virus (prv), vesicular stomatitis virus, vesicular exanthema virus, porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus, and porcine parvovirus (ppv) may cause diseases with similar clinical symp ... | 2003 | 14500127 |
| high-pressure freezing in the study of animal pathogens. | high-pressure freezing is applicable to both morphological and immunocytochemical studies. we are investigating the morphogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease virus and african swine fever virus by the use of high-pressure freezing of infected cells. foot-and-mouth disease virus particles are not detected in sections of conventionally immersion-fixed infected cells, but when the cells are prepared by high-pressure freezing, newly formed virions are readily seen throughout the cell. we report two me ... | 2003 | 14516363 |
| genetic typing of recent classical swine fever virus isolates from croatia. | during a period of 5 years (1997-2001) several outbreaks of classical swine fever (csf) were recorded in croatia. for genetic typing, fragments of 150 nucleotides within the 5'-non-translated region (5'-ntr) and 190 nucleotides within the e2 glycoprotein coding gene of nine field isolates that were derived from domestic pigs and wild boars were used. for better epizootiological understanding, isolates from other european countries were included in the study. the results show that the isolates be ... | 2003 | 14516705 |
| rna-dependent rna polymerase activity of classical swine fever virus ns5b protein expressed in natural host cells. | the ns5b gene, cloned from classical swine fever virus (csfv) genome, was expressed in porcine kidney cells pk-15, natural host of csfv. in purifying cytoplasmic extracts from these cells by means of different concentrations of salt, glycerol and detergent four fractions, namely crude supernatant (sc) and different purified supernatants (s1, s2 and s3) were obtained. using western blot analysis the ns5b protein was found in all these fractions, showing that it was soluble in both higher and lowe ... | 2003 | 14524473 |
| evaluation of the oral immunisation of wild boar against classical swine fever in baden-württemberg. | the oral immunisation of wild boar against classical swine fever (csf) in baden-württemberg is described and evaluated. the bait vaccine based on the csf virus (csfv) strain "c" proved to be safe in wild boar of all age classes. the modified immunisation procedure consisting of three double vaccinations per year was very effective. csfv was not detected beyond the second immunisation campaign. the average rate of seropositive wild boar diagnosed over all immunisation periods was 49.2%. the serop ... | 2003 | 14526465 |
| evaluation of the antiviral and antimicrobial activities of triterpenes isolated from euphorbia segetalis. | a phytochemical reinvestigation of the whole plant of euphorbia segetalis yielded five tetracyclic triterpenes: 3beta-hydroxy-cycloart-25-en-24-one (1), cycloart-25-ene-3beta,24-diol (2), cycloart-23-ene-3beta,25-diol (3), lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3beta-ol (4) and lanosta-7,9(11),24(31)-trien-3beta-ol (5). beta-acetoxy-cycloart-25-en-24-one (1a) and glutinol (6), lupenone (7), dammaranodienol (9), cycloartenol acetate (10), 24-methylenecycloartanol acetate (11) and beta-sitosterol (12), isolated ... | 2003 | 14526920 |
| role of birds in transmission of classical swine fever virus. | active transmission of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was studied in six birds (five ravens, one hooded crow) and two laying hens. cloacal swabs, blood and organs of birds and hens as well as blood and organ samples of pigs which had been fed with faeces derived from csfv infected birds or which had come in contact with faeces of infected hens were negative for csfv. none of the animals seroconverted during the study. this result demonstrates that active virus transmission by these animals i ... | 2003 | 14535936 |
| evidence for the evolution of ascoviruses from iridoviruses. | ascoviruses (family ascoviridae) are large, enveloped, double-stranded (ds)dna viruses that attack lepidopteran larvae and pupae, and are unusual in that they are transmitted by parasitic wasps during oviposition. previous comparisons of dna polymerase sequences from vertebrate and invertebrate viruses suggested that ascoviruses are closely related to iridoviruses. this relationship was unexpected because these viruses differ markedly in virion symmetry, genome configuration and cellular patholo ... | 2003 | 14573805 |
| a pilot study of therapeutic vaccination with envelope protein e1 in 35 patients with chronic hepatitis c. | new treatments are needed for chronic hepatitis c patients in whom viral clearance cannot be achieved. thirty-five chronic hepatitis c patients (genotype 1) were randomized to receive 20 mug of recombinant hcv e1 (e1) (n = 26) or placebo (n = 9) intramuscularly at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24. thirty-four then received open-label e1 vaccine at weeks 50, 53, 56, 59, 62, and 65. twenty-four patients (12 men, 12 women; mean age, 52 y; 18 interferon-based treatment failures; mean baseline alanine amino ... | 2003 | 14578869 |
| expression at mrna level of cytokines and a238l gene in porcine blood-derived macrophages infected in vitro with african swine fever virus (asfv) isolates of different virulence. | porcine macrophage cultures were infected with two asfv isolates of variable virulence and mrna levels of several relevant macrophage-derived cytokines were quantified by real time pcr. at six hours post infection, a clear enhancement of mrna expression of tnfalpha, il6, il12 and il15 was observed in macrophages infected with the low virulent asfv/nh/p68 (nhv) when compared to those infected with the highly virulent asfv/l60 (l60). the sequence of the a238l gene homologue to the cellular ikappab ... | 2003 | 14579171 |
| quantification of the effect of control strategies on classical swine fever epidemics. | emergency vaccination during an epidemic of classical swine fever virus (csfv) has become a serious option because of the ethical problems of strategies with massive culling and the availability of a marker vaccine that reduces virus transmission. here we present a model of between-herd csfv transmission, which quantifies the effect of control strategies with and without vaccination. we estimate the model parameters from data of the dutch csfv epidemic of 1997/1998. with the model, a set of cont ... | 2003 | 14583170 |
| construction of an infectious chimeric classical swine fever virus containing the 5'utr of bovine viral diarrhea virus, and its application as a universal internal positive control in real-time rt-pcr. | rt-pcr is used widely as a diagnostic method to detect and differentiate pestiviruses. the construction of two chimeric classical swine fever virus (csfv) recombinants based on a marker virus constructed previously [j. virol. 72 (1998) 5318-5322] is described. these viruses, termed va187cat_5utrbvd and va187cat_iresbvd, contain the entire 5' untranslated region (5'utr) or the internal ribosome entry site (ires) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), respectively. both chimeric viruses proved to ... | 2003 | 14599682 |
| assessment of the use of gross lesions at post-mortem to detect outbreaks of classical swine fever. | the performance of pathological findings as a diagnostic tool for the detection of classical swine fever (csf) outbreaks during the 1997/1998 csf-epidemic in the netherlands was evaluated by constructing and analysing receiver operating characteristic (roc) curves. this was done at the individual pig level and at the submission level (a group of pigs from the same herd submitted together for post-mortem investigation). at post-mortem examination, the tonsils, spleen, ileo-caecal valve and renal ... | 2003 | 14599782 |
| vaccinology of classical swine fever: from lab to field. | there are two types of classical swine fever vaccines available: the classical live and the recently developed e2 subunit vaccines. the live chinese strain vaccine is the most widely used. after a single vaccination, it confers solid immunity within a few days that appears to persist lifelong. the e2 subunit vaccine induces immunity from approximately 10-14 days after a single vaccination. the immunity may persist for more than a year, but is then not complete. the chinese strain vaccine may est ... | 2003 | 14599784 |
| protection of pigs against 'in contact' challenge with classical swine fever following oral or subcutaneous vaccination with a recombinant porcine adenovirus. | a recombinant porcine adenovirus expressing the classical swine fever virus (csfv) gp55 gene (rpadv-gp55) was administered to commercially available outbred pigs via the subcutaneous or oral route and their susceptibility to 'in contact' challenge with classical swine fever determined. animals vaccinated subcutaneously with a single dose of recombinant vaccine and challenged by 'in contact' exposure were protected from disease, whereas pigs given an equivalent single oral dose did not survive ch ... | 2003 | 14602208 |
| relation between lymphocyte subpopulations of peripheral blood and immune responses of modified live hog cholera virus vaccine in pigs treated with an ionized alkali mineral complex. | thirty-nine healthy pigs (28-32 days old) were purchased from a commercial swine farm and housed at swine pens of the college. the animals were vaccinated intramuscularly (1 ml) with an attenuated live hog cholera virus (hcv, lom strain) and then boostered at 5 weeks after the first vaccination. the animals were divided into 4 experimental groups: 0.05% (w/w) powerfeel-supplemented diet (t-1, n = 10); 3% (w/w) superfeed-supplemented diet (t-2, n = 10); diluted powerfeel solution (1 : 500, v/v) a ... | 2000 | 14612620 |
| neighbourhood infections of classical swine fever during the 1997-1998 epidemic in the netherlands. | data of the 1997-1998 epidemic of classical swine fever (csf) in the netherlands were analysed in survival analysis to identify risk factors that were associated with the rate of neighbourhood infections. the study population consisted of herds within 1000 m of exclusively one previously infected herd. dates of virus introduction into herds were drawn randomly from estimated probability distributions per herd of possible weeks of virus introduction. (to confirm the insensitivity of the results f ... | 2003 | 14623411 |
| effect of prostaglandin a1 in porcine cells persistently infected with classical swine fever virus. | cyclopentenone prostaglandins are potent inhibitors of a wide variety of rna and dna viruses. in this report we describe that prostaglandin a1 (pga1) potently inhibited the replication of classical swine fever virus in cultures of pk-15 cells. the highest non-toxic dose (5 microg/ml) inhibited virus yield in 99% at the initial phase of infection and in 77% in persistent infected cells. however when pga1 was removed from persistently infected cells, the inhibition of virus replication was partial ... | 2003 | 14625897 |
| molecular epidemiology of classical swine fever in the russian federation. | the ability to discriminate between various classical swine fever virus (csfv) strains and isolates is a prerequisite for following the spread of the virus after an outbreak. to determine the relatedness between russian csfv isolates from different geographical regions, three fragments of the viral genome (5' ntr, the variable region of the e2 gene and a fragment of the ns5b gene) were sequenced and used for genetic typing. thirty-one field isolates were obtained from csf outbreaks which occurre ... | 2003 | 14633204 |
| expression of unmodified hepatitis c virus envelope glycoprotein-coding sequences leads to cryptic intron excision and cell surface expression of e1/e2 heterodimers comprising full-length and partially deleted e1. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a positive-strand rna virus that replicates exclusively in the cytoplasm of infected cells. the viral envelope glycoproteins, e1 and e2, appear to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, where viral budding is thought to occur. surprisingly, we found that the expression system used to generate hcv envelope glycoproteins influences their subcellular localization and processing. these findings have important implications for optimizing novel hcv fusion and entry assays ... | 2003 | 14645599 |
| expression of porcine cd163 on monocytes/macrophages correlates with permissiveness to african swine fever infection. | monocytes-macrophages, the target cells of african swine fever virus (asfv) are highly heterogeneous in phenotype and function. in this study, we have investigated the correlation between the phenotype of specific populations of porcine macrophages and their permissiveness to asfv infection. bone marrow cells and fresh blood monocytes were less susceptible to in vitro infection by asfv than more mature cells, such as alveolar macrophages. facs analyses of monocytes using a panel of mabs specific ... | 2003 | 14648288 |
| [case report: porcine circovirus type 2 infection in an european wild boar (sus scrofa) in the state of brandenburg, germany]. | this case represents the first case of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2)--infection in a free living european wild boar associated with morphological lesions, which are regarded as characteristic for postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in domestic pigs. the animal, an approximately 10 month old male, was found dead in a rural area within the state of brandenburg, germany. the closest commercial pig farm is located in 3 km distance from the spot where the carcass was found. at necro ... | 2003 | 14650740 |
| de novo rna synthesis by a recombinant classical swine fever virus rna-dependent rna polymerase. | classical swine fever virus nonstructural protein 5b (ns5b) encodes an rna-dependent rna polymerase, a key enzyme of the viral replication complex. to better understand the initiation of viral rna synthesis and to establish an in vitro replication system, a recombinant ns5b protein, lacking the c-terminal 24-amino acid hydrophobic domain, was expressed in escherichia coli. the truncated fusion protein (ns5bdelta24) was purified on a ni-chelating histrap affinity column and demonstrated to initia ... | 2003 | 14653821 |
| codon-optimized cloning, expression and characertization of the c-terminal region of human apoptotic protein gadd34 in escherichia coli. | the human gadd34 (growth arrest and dna damage-inducible 34) is the product of an apoptosis- and dna-damage-inducible gene. the c-terminus domain of gadd34 is highly homologous to hsv-1 gamma-1 34.5, hsv-2 and the african swine fever virus virulence-associated factor nl-s. among these viral proteins, hsv-1 gamma 34.5 protein is known to prevent apoptosis of viral-infected cells. because of the difficulty in expressing gadd34 protein or any of its fragments, including the c-terminus (amino acids ... | 2004 | 14657671 |
| establishment and characterisation of two cdna-derived strains of classical swine fever virus, one highly virulent and one avirulent. | the virulence of classical swine fever virus (csfv) strains including established laboratory strains as well as field isolates ranges from avirulent to highly virulent. here, we describe the construction and characterisation of two cdna-derived csfv strains, each corresponding to one of these extremes. the recombinant virus vey-37 caused acute disease indistinguishable from that provoked by infection with the highly virulent parent strain eystrup. in contrast, vriems-3, a molecular clone of the ... | 2003 | 14659557 |
| attenuation of classical swine fever virus by deletion of the viral n(pro) gene. | we have reported earlier that replacement of the n(pro) gene of classical swine fever virus (csfv) by the murine ubiquitin gene only slightly affects the characteristics of virus replication in the porcine kidney cell line sk-6 [j. virol. 72 (1998) 7681]. here, for the moderately virulent csfv strain alfort/187 as well as for the highly virulent strain eystrup we show that the respective n(pro)-deleted viruses are attenuated. vaccination of pigs with either of the two deletion mutants resulted i ... | 2004 | 14670312 |
| suitability of an e2 subunit vaccine of classical swine fever in combination with the e(rns)-marker-test for eradication through vaccination. | vaccination with modified live vaccines (c-, gpe-minus strain) against classical swine fever (csf) is an efficient tool in its control. however, for monitoring infection in a vaccinated population, marker-vaccines are preferred. a review is given on the efficacy of the e2 marker-vaccine, porcilis pesti. protection starts to come up at seven days pv. reduction of horizontal virus transmission starts to show at 10 days pv, is almost complete at 14 days and complete at 21 days after a single vaccin ... | 2003 | 14677689 |
| the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy for hiv on the anti-hcv specific humoral immune response. | the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) on hcv replication is controversial, with some studies reporting no effect and others increases, reductions and even clearances of hcv rna after treatment. in this study, the effect of haart was investigated on the titre of anti-hcv specific antibodies and on the relationship between these antibodies and hcv rna level in a cohort of 24 patients with inherited bleeding disorders. a significant inverse correlation between antibodies to bot ... | 2004 | 14695658 |
| what determines whether mammalian ribosomes resume scanning after translation of a short upstream open reading frame? | if the 5'-proximal aug triplet in a mammalian mrna is followed by a short open reading frame (sorf), a significant fraction of ribosomes resume scanning after termination of sorf translation, and reinitiate at a downstream aug. to examine the underlying mechanism, we examined reinitiation in vitro using a series of mrnas that differed only in the 5'-untranslated region (utr). efficient reinitiation was found to occur only if the eif4f complex, or at a minimum the central one-third fragment of ei ... | 2004 | 14701882 |
| apoptosis of thymocytes in experimental african swine fever virus infection. | this paper report on the lesions occurred in the thymus in experimental acute african swine fever (asf). twenty-one pigs were inoculated with the highly virulent asf virus (asfv) isolate spain-70. animals were slaughtered from 1 to 7 days post infection (dpi). three animals with similar features were used as controls. thymus samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution for histological and immunohistochemical study and in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for ultrastructural examination. for immunohis ... | 2004 | 14702174 |
| the cd2v protein of african swine fever virus interacts with the actin-binding adaptor protein sh3p7. | the predicted extracellular domain of the cd2v protein of african swine fever virus (asfv) shares significant similarity to that of the cd2 protein in t cells but has a unique cytoplasmic domain of unknown function. here we have shown that cd2v is expressed as a glycoprotein of approximately 105 kda in asfv-infected cells. in the absence of an extracellular ligand, the majority of cd2v appears to localize to perinuclear membrane compartments. furthermore, we have shown using the yeast two-hybrid ... | 2004 | 14718626 |
| cd81 is required for hepatitis c virus glycoprotein-mediated viral infection. | cd81 has been described as a putative receptor for hepatitis c virus (hcv); however, its role in hcv cell entry has not been characterized due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system. we have examined the role of cd81 in hcv glycoprotein-dependent entry by using a recently developed retroviral pseudotyping system. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) pseudotypes bearing hcv e1e2 glycoproteins show a restricted tropism for human liver cell lines. although all of the permissive cell lines ex ... | 2004 | 14722300 |
| african swine fever virus multigene family 360 and 530 genes affect host interferon response. | african swine fever virus (asfv) multigene family 360 and 530 (mgf360/530) genes affect viral growth in macrophage cell cultures and virulence in pigs (l. zsak, z. lu, t. g. burrage, j. g. neilan, g. f. kutish, d. m. moore, and d. l. rock, j. virol. 75:3066-3076, 2001). the mechanism by which these novel genes affect virus-host interactions is unknown. to define mgf360/530 gene function, we compared macrophage transcriptional responses following infection with parental asfv (pr4) and an mgf360/5 ... | 2004 | 14747550 |
| [hog cholera virus carriers]. | 1950 | 14785542 | |
| morphologic studies of hog cholera virus by electron microscopy. | 1951 | 14829762 | |
| variations (variants) of hog cholera virus. | 1951 | 14832118 | |
| preservation of hog cholera virus at low temperatures. | 1951 | 14836270 | |
| neutralization in vivo of hog cholera virus by serum. | 1951 | 14855942 | |
| african swine fever virus multigene family 360 genes affect virus replication and generalization of infection in ornithodoros porcinus ticks. | recently, we reported that african swine fever virus (asfv) multigene family (mgf) 360 and 530 genes are significant swine macrophage host range determinants that function by promoting infected-cell survival. to examine the function of these genes in asfv's arthropod host, ornithodoros porcinus porcinus, an mgf360/530 gene deletion mutant (pr4delta35) was constructed from an asfv isolate of tick origin, pr4. pr4delta35 exhibited a significant growth defect in ticks. the deletion of six mgf360 an ... | 2004 | 14963141 |
| neutralizing antibodies to african swine fever virus proteins p30, p54, and p72 are not sufficient for antibody-mediated protection. | although antibody-mediated immune mechanisms have been shown to be important in immunity to asf, it remains unclear what role virus neutralizing antibodies play in the protective response. virus neutralizing epitopes have been identified on three viral proteins, p30, p54, and p72. to evaluate the role(s) of these proteins in protective immunity, pigs were immunized with baculovirus-expressed p30, p54, p72, and p22 from the pathogenic african swine fever virus (asfv) isolate pr4. asfv specific ne ... | 2004 | 14980493 |
| characterization of functional hepatitis c virus envelope glycoproteins. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) encodes two envelope glycoproteins, e1 and e2, that assemble as a noncovalent heterodimer which is mainly retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. because assembly into particles and secretion from the cell lead to structural changes in viral envelope proteins, characterization of the proteins associated with the virion is necessary in order to better understand how they mature to be functional in virus entry. there is currently no efficient and reliable cell culture system ... | 2004 | 14990718 |
| the risk of the introduction of classical swine fever virus at regional level in the european union: a conceptual framework. | recent classical swine fever (csf) epidemics in the european union (eu) have clearly shown that preventing the introduction of csf virus (csfv) deserves high priority. insight into all the factors contributing to the risk of csfv introduction is a prerequisite for deciding which preventive actions are cost-effective. the relations between virus introduction and spread, prevention and control, and economic losses have been described using the conceptual framework presented in this paper. a pathwa ... | 2003 | 15005538 |
| the subcellular distribution of multigene family 110 proteins of african swine fever virus is determined by differences in c-terminal kdel endoplasmic reticulum retention motifs. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a large double-stranded dna virus that replicates in discrete areas in the cytosol of infected cells called viral factories. recent studies have shown that assembling virions acquire their internal envelopes through enwrapment by membranes derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (er). however, the mechanisms that underlie the formation of viral factories and progenitor viral membranes are as yet unclear. analysis of the published genome of the virus revealed a ... | 2004 | 15016891 |
| inclusion bodies from recombinant bacteria as a novel system for delivery of vaccine antigen by the oral route. | a fragment of non-glycosylated e2 antigen of classical swine fever virus (csfv), lacking the trans-membrane anchor (tm-) of the native glycoprotein, was produced in recombinant escherichia coli strain bl21(de3) in the form of inclusion bodies. these inclusion bodies isolated from the bacteria cells were administrated orally to mice twice at either 10 or 50 microg per dose. each mouse fed with inclusion bodies carrying the e2 antigen responded with plasma antibodies and/or fecal iga at least once ... | 2004 | 15019290 |
| scenario tree modeling to analyze the probability of classical swine fever virus introduction into member states of the european union. | the introduction of classical swine fever virus (csfv) into a country free of disease without vaccination may have huge consequences in terms of both disease spread and economic losses. more quantitative insight into the main factors determining the probability of csfv introduction (pcsfv) is needed to optimally use resources for the prevention of csfv introduction. for this purpose a spreadsheet model was constructed that calculates the annual pcsfv into member states of the european union (eu) ... | 2004 | 15028015 |
| cytopathogenicity of classical swine fever viruses that do not show the exaltation of newcastle disease virus is associated with accumulation of ns3 in serum-free cultured cell lines. | pestiviruses can be distinguished as two biotypes, cytopathogenic (cp) and noncytopathogenic (noncp), by the morphological changes that they induce during growth in cultured cells. in this study, the cp phenotype of several classical swine fever viruses (csfv) was evaluated by the detections of the nonstructural proteins ns2-3 and ns3 using immunoprecipitation and western blotting in different porcine cell lines. most csfvs that showed the exaltation of newcastle disease virus (end) phenomenon ( ... | 2004 | 15031544 |
| does multiple oral vaccination of wild boar against classical swine fever (csf) have a positive influence on the immunity? | we studied the efficacy of multiple vaccinations of wild boar against classical swine fever (csf) using a c-strain vaccine. the study consisted of two experiments. in the first experiment, 7 to 8 months old animals were vaccinated either three or four times at an interval of 7 days or twice at an interval of 14 or 28 days. in the second experiment, the efficacy of oral immunisation in young boars (3 months old) was examined after fivefold vaccination at intervals of 14 or 28 days. independently ... | 2004 | 15032263 |
| classical swine fever virus induces proinflammatory cytokines and tissue factor expression and inhibits apoptosis and interferon synthesis during the establishment of long-term infection of porcine vascular endothelial cells. | infection with virulent strains of classical swine fever virus (csfv) results in an acute haemorrhagic disease of pigs, characterized by disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia and immunosuppression, whereas for less virulent isolates infection can become chronic. in view of the haemorrhagic pathology of the disease, the effects of the virus on vascular endothelial cells was studied by using relative quantitative pcr and elisa. following infection, there was an initial and short ... | 2004 | 15039545 |
| exceptionally diverse morphotypes and genomes of crenarchaeal hyperthermophilic viruses. | the remarkable diversity of the morphologies of viruses found in terrestrial hydrothermal environments with temperatures >80 degrees c is unprecedented for aquatic ecosystems. the best-studied viruses from these habitats have been assigned to novel viral families: fuselloviridae, lipothrixviridae and rudiviridae. they all have double-stranded dna genomes and infect hyperthermophilic crenarchaea of the orders sulfolobales and thermoproteales. representatives of the different viral families share ... | 2004 | 15046572 |
| african swine fever virus structural protein p54 is essential for the recruitment of envelope precursors to assembly sites. | the assembly of african swine fever virus (asfv) at the cytoplasmic virus factories commences with the formation of precursor membranous structures, which are thought to be collapsed cisternal domains recruited from the surrounding endoplasmic reticulum (er). this report analyzes the role in virus morphogenesis of the structural protein p54, a 25-kda polypeptide encoded by the e183l gene that contains a putative transmembrane domain and localizes at the er-derived envelope precursors. we show th ... | 2004 | 15047843 |
| comparison of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, virus isolation, and immunoperoxidase assays for detecting pigs infected with low, moderate, and high virulent strains of classical swine fever virus. | pigs were experimentally inoculated with glentorf, lelystad/97, and alfort/187: representative low, moderate, and high virulent strains of classical swine fever virus (csfv). animals were tested for viremia using virus isolation and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assays run under routine diagnostic conditions. the virus was detected in the peripheral blood by virus isolation and rt-pcr assays of all glentorf- and lelystad/97-infected pigs beginning at 3 days postinocula ... | 2004 | 15053364 |
| an avirulent chimeric pestivirus with altered cell tropism protects pigs against lethal infection with classical swine fever virus. | a chimeric pestivirus was constructed using an infectious cdna clone of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) [j. virol. 70 (1996) 8606]. after deletion of the envelope protein e2-encoding region, the respective sequence of classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain alfort 187 was inserted in-frame resulting in plasmid pa/cp7_e2alf. after transfection of in vitro-transcribed cp7_e2alf rna, autonomous replication of chimeric rna in bovine and porcine cell cultures was observed. efficient growth of ch ... | 2004 | 15063124 |
| influence of a 12-nt insertion present in the 3' untranslated region of classical swine fever virus hclv strain genome on rna synthesis. | the function of a 12-nt insertion 'cttttttctttt' in the 3' untranslated region (3'utr) of the hclv strain, a vaccine strain derived from the shimen strain of classical swine fever virus (csfv), was examined in vitro. rna synthesis increased when the 12-nt insertion was deleted from the 3'utr of the hclv strain. rna synthesis also decreased when the 12-nt insertion was introduced into the 3'utr of the csfv shimen, virulent strain. therefore, the 12-nt insertion present in the 3'utr of the hclv st ... | 2004 | 15084401 |
| classical swine fever virus induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lymphocyte apoptosis. | the expression of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha and apoptosis was studied in lymph nodes from pigs infected with classical swine fever virus (csfv). pigs were inoculated with csfv and euthanized at 3, 5, 7, and 10 days postinoculation. an increase in tnf-alpha expression was detected in csfv-infected lymph nodes using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and tnf-alpha protein was detected in lymph nodes by immunohistochemistry. the majority of tnf-alpha-positive cells also expr ... | 2004 | 15098104 |
| classical swine fever virus glycoprotein e rns is an endoribonuclease with an unusual base specificity. | the glycoprotein e(rns) of pestiviruses is a virion-associated and -secreted rnase that is involved in virulence. the requirements at the cleavage site in heteropolymeric rna substrates were studied for e(rns). limited digestion of heteropolymeric rna substrates indicated a cleavage 5' of uridine residues irrespective of the preceding nucleotide (np/u). to further study specificity radiolabeled rna, molecules of 45 to 56 nucleotides in length were synthesized that contained no or a single np/u c ... | 2004 | 15113930 |
| regulating effects of porcine interleukin-6 gene and cpg motifs on immune responses to porcine trivalent vaccines in mice. | in order to develop novel immunoadjuvants to boost immune response of conventional vaccines, experiments were conducted to investigate the regulating effects of porcine interleukin-6 gene and cpg motifs as the molecular adjuvants on immune responses of mice that were co-inoculated with trivalent vaccines against swine fever, the pasteurellosis and erysipelas suis. synthetic oligodeoxynuleotides containing cpg motifs were ligated into puc18, forming recombinant puc18-cpg plasmid. eukaryotic plasm ... | 2004 | 15120952 |
| [sequence, necessary for initiating rna synthesis, in the 3'-noncoding region of the classical swine fever virus genome]. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the causative agent of swine fever, which represents an economically important disease in hogs. we previously made a prediction about the recognition sites of replication initiation of csfv by using the information content method, and it was predicted that the 21 nucleotides located at 3' end of the csfv genome 3'utr were essential to csfv replication. in this paper, we experimentally studied these 21 nucleotides by site-directed mutagenesis. it was found th ... | 2004 | 15125241 |
| a review of porcine tonsils in immunity and disease. | the porcine tonsils are a group of lymphoepithelial tissues located at the common openings of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. the tonsils participate in a variety of functions involving innate, cellular and humoral immunity at the local and systemic levels. among these immunological functions is the continuous surveillance for the presence of foreign antigens at the openings of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. within the pig, the movement of lymphocytes, cytokines and ch ... | 2003 | 15134296 |
| the effect of sample degradation and rna stabilization on classical swine fever virus rt-pcr and elisa methods. | classical swine fever (csf), also known as hog cholera, is a highly contagious viral infection of swine caused by a member of the genus pestivirus of the family, flaviviridae. the need for accurate laboratory diagnosis of csf is particularly important as it is more reliable than clinical diagnosis. csf is endemic in many tropical countries where the climate is characterized by high ambient temperature and humidity. this study details the effect of sample quality on csf antigen-capture elisa (ac- ... | 2004 | 15158066 |
| analytical performance of several classical swine fever laboratory diagnostic techniques on live animals for detection of infection. | the diagnostic properties of several assays on live animals were studied using data from different experiments. these experiments involved 128 classical swine fever virus (csfv) infected pigs (weaner pigs, fatteners and sows). since all pigs in the study were infected with csfv, only the proportion of test positive results and the time until a test positive result is obtained were evaluated. the rt-npcr detected the highest proportion of infected pigs (98.9%), whereas the antigen elisa gave the ... | 2004 | 15158595 |
| characterization of the genome and structural proteins of hepatitis c virus resolved from infected human liver. | in the absence of satisfactory cell culture systems for hepatitis c virus (hcv), virtually all that is known about the proteins of the virus has been learned by the study of recombinant proteins. characterization of virus proteins from patients with hcv has been retarded by the low virus titre in blood and limited availability of infected tissue. here, the authors have identified a primary infection in a liver transplanted into an immunodeficient patient with chronic hcv. the patient required re ... | 2004 | 15166434 |
| interaction of classical swine fever virus with dendritic cells. | functional disruption of dendritic cells (dcs) is an important strategy for viral pathogens to evade host defences. monocytotropic viruses such as classical swine fever virus (csfv) could employ such a mechanism, since the virus can suppress immune responses and induce apoptosis without infecting lymphocytes. here, csfv was shown to infect and efficiently replicate in monocyte- and in bone marrow-derived dcs. interestingly, the infected dcs displayed neither modulated mhc nor cd80/86 expression. ... | 2004 | 15166448 |
| leukocyte subsets and specific antibodies in pigs vaccinated with a classical swine fever subunit (e2) vaccine and the attenuated orf virus strain d1701. | total white blood cell (wbc) counts and percentages of cd4a+, cd8a+, cd5a+, cd45ra+, cd45rc+, wcd21+ and swc3a+ cells in the peripheral blood of pigs were analysed in this study. blood samples were collected before and on days 4, 10, 21 and 28 after vaccination. group 1 pigs were vaccinated with a subunit e2 vaccine (gp e2 32 microg/dose), and group 2 received a subunit vaccine combined with an attenuated orf virus strain d1701 10(6.45) tcid50/dose. control pigs received a placebo. the total wbc ... | 2004 | 15168746 |
| switching on and off the cell death cascade: african swine fever virus apoptosis regulation. | 2004 | 15171607 | |
| phylogenetic analysis of the e2 gene of classical swine fever viruses from lao pdr. | the e2 genes of 21 classical swine fever viruses (csfv) were genetically characterized and compared with reference csf viruses. the viruses originated from csf outbreaks that occurred in the lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr) during 1997 though to 1999. all viruses characterized belonged to genogroup 2 and were members of subgroups 2.1 and 2.2. results demonstrated a geographic delineation between subgroups 2.1 that was only found in the north-central region, and subgroup 2.2 that was mo ... | 2004 | 15177896 |
| role of n-glycan trimming in the folding and secretion of the pestivirus protein e(rns). | n-glycosylation inhibitors have antiviral effect against bovine viral diarrhea virus. this effect is associated with inhibition of the productive folding pathway of e1 and e2 envelope glycoproteins. e(rns) is the third pestivirus envelope protein, essential for virus infectivity. the protein is heavily glycosylated, its n-linked glycans counting for half of the apparent molecular weight. in this report we address the importance of n-glycan trimming in the biosynthesis, folding, and intracellular ... | 2004 | 15178456 |
| pseudotype hepatitis c virus enters immature myeloid dendritic cells through the interaction with lectin. | dendritic cells (dc) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that regulate immune responses. one of the mechanisms for hepatitis c virus (hcv) persistence is the ability of hcv to suppress dc function. direct hcv infection to blood dc has been implicated for dc dysfunction. to clarify the susceptibility of each dc subset to hcv, we used pseudotype vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) coated with chimeric hcv envelope glycoproteins (e1 and e2). we demonstrate that pseudotype vsv enters myeloid d ... | 2004 | 15183055 |
| [import risk analysis in animal disease control]. | at the swiss federal veterinary office risk analyses are conducted according to international standards. a risk analysis contains the elements risk management, risk assessment and risk communication. a risk assessment is based on risk profile, hazard identification and a pathway model. all available information is gathered, documented and assessed and the risk estimated. the question. "what is the probability that unprocessed wild boar meat imported to switzerland from the federal state mecklenb ... | 2004 | 15188677 |
| characterization of infectious retroviral pseudotype particles bearing hepatitis c virus glycoproteins. | the recent development of infectious retroviral pseudotypes bearing hepatitis c virus (hcv) glycoproteins represents an opportunity to study the functionally active form of the hcv e1 and e2 glycoproteins. in the culture supernatant of cells producing hcv retroviral pseudotypes, the majority of e2 was not associated with infectious particles and failed to sediment on sucrose gradients. the e2 that was incorporated into infectious particles appeared as a triplet of diffuse bands at 60, 70, and 90 ... | 2004 | 15194763 |
| modulation of p53 cellular function and cell death by african swine fever virus. | modulation of the activity of tumor suppressor p53 is a key event in the replication of many viruses. we have studied the function of p53 in african swine fever virus (asfv) infection by determining the expression and activity of this transcription factor in infected cells. p53 levels are increased at early times of infection and are maintained throughout the infectious cycle. the protein is transcriptionally active, stabilized by phosphorylation, and localized in the nucleus. p53 induces the ex ... | 2004 | 15194793 |
| development of an optimized protocol for the detection of classical swine fever virus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues by seminested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and comparison with in situ hybridization. | an optimized protocol was developed for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues obtained from experimentally and naturally infected pigs by seminested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the results for seminested rt-pcr were compared with those determined by in situ hybridization. the results obtained show that the use of deparaffinization with xylene, digestion with proteinase k, extraction with trizol ls, followed ... | 2004 | 15196906 |
| detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in pigs from croatia. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) from the circoviridae family has recently been associated with two serious diseases of swine, post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns). during 2002, several outbreaks of clinical disease in pigs with weights ranging from 10 to 70 kg occurred on four farms in different locations in croatia. the signs were consistent with pmws and pdns. apart from progressive weight loss, pneumonia and/or diarrhoea, m ... | 2004 | 15196907 |
| african swine fever virus proteins involved in evading host defence systems. | african swine fever virus (asfv) can cause an acutely fatal haemorrhagic fever in domestic pigs although in its natural hosts, warthogs, bushpigs and the soft tick vector, ornithodoros moubata, asfv causes inapparent persistent infections. the virus is a large, cytoplasmic, double-stranded dna virus which has a tropism for macrophages. as it is the only member of the asfarviridae family, asfv encodes many novel genes not encoded by other virus families. the ability of the virus to persist in its ... | 2004 | 15207450 |
| new transport peptides broaden the horizon of applications for peptidic pharmaceuticals. | protein transduction domains (ptds) have proven to be an invaluable tool to transduce a wide variety of cargo's including peptides across the plasma membrane and into intact tissue. the ptds are able to deliver biologically active molecules both in vitro and in vivo. this study describes many new polybasic ptds of which some are just as potent as the ptds derived from extracellular rnases or other published ptds. large differences in potency became apparent when the ptds are coupled to particula ... | 2004 | 15209161 |
| comparison of the effects of rnase-negative and wild-type classical swine fever virus on peripheral blood cells of infected pigs. | elimination of the rnase activity of classical swine fever virus (csfv) glycoprotein e(rns) was previously shown to result in virus attenuation. specific reduction of b cell numbers in the peripheral blood, a typical symptom of csfv infection in pigs, was not detected on infection with the rnase-negative mutant c-h346delta [meyers et al. (1999). j virol 73, 10224-10235]. the present report shows that this feature is restricted to this specific virus mutant, and does not represent a general prope ... | 2004 | 15218175 |
| identification of cellular proteins modified in response to african swine fever virus infection by proteomics. | changes in gene expression are produced in cells as a consequence of virus infections. in the present work, we used proteomic technology to globally examine african swine fever virus (asfv)-infected vero cells searching for infection-associated proteins in order to determine target proteins for pathogenesis studies. we studied the alterations in cellular protein profile after asfv infection by two-dimensional electrophoresis, identifying the modified cellular proteins by matrix-assisted laser de ... | 2004 | 15221765 |
| the african swine fever virus dynein-binding protein p54 induces infected cell apoptosis. | a specific interaction of asfv p54 protein with 8 kda light chain cytoplasmic dynein (dlc8) has been previously characterized and this interaction is critical during virus internalization and transport to factory sites. during early phases of infection, the virus induces the initiation of apoptosis triggering activation of caspase-9 and -3. to analyze the role of the structural protein p54 in apoptosis, transient expression experiments of p54 in vero cells were carried out which resulted in effe ... | 2004 | 15225638 |
| transport of african swine fever virus from assembly sites to the plasma membrane is dependent on microtubules and conventional kinesin. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a large dna virus that assembles in perinuclear viral factories located close to the microtubule organizing center. in this study, we have investigated the mechanism by which asfv reaches the cell surface from the site of assembly. immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that at 16 h postinfection, mature virions were aligned along microtubules. furthermore, virus movement to the cell periphery was inhibited when microtubules were depolymerized by nocodazole. i ... | 2004 | 15254171 |
| the c-type lectin homologue gene (ep153r) of african swine fever virus inhibits apoptosis both in virus infection and in heterologous expression. | the open reading frame ep153r of african swine fever virus (asfv) encodes a nonessential protein that has been involved in the hemadsorption process induced in virus-infected cells. by the use of a virus deletion mutant lacking the ep153r gene, we have detected, in several virus-sensitive cells, increased levels of caspase-3 and cell death as compared with those obtained after infection with the parental ba71v strain. both transient and stable expression of the ep153r gene in vero or cos cells r ... | 2004 | 15262504 |
| characterization of pathogenic and non-pathogenic african swine fever virus isolates from ornithodoros erraticus inhabiting pig premises in portugal. | ten african swine fever virus isolates from the soft tick ornithodoros erraticus collected on three farms in the province of alentejo in portugal were characterized by their ability to cause haemadsorption (had) of red blood cells to infected pig macrophages, using restriction enzyme site mapping of the virus genomes and by experimental infection of pigs. six virus isolates induced haemadsorption and four were non-haemadsorbing (non-had) in pig macrophage cell cultures. the restriction enzyme si ... | 2004 | 15269356 |
| determinants of virulence of classical swine fever virus strain brescia. | two related classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain brescia clones were isolated from blood samples from an infected pig. virus c1.1.1 is a cell-adapted avirulent variant, whereas cobrb is a virulent variant. sequence analysis revealed 29 nucleic acid mutations in c1.1.1, resulting in 9 amino acid substitutions compared to the sequence of cobrb (476)r. using reverse genetics, parts of the genomes of these viruses, which contain differences that lead to amino acid changes, were exchanged. anima ... | 2004 | 15280489 |
| detection of economically important viruses in boar semen by quantitative realtime pcr technology. | the objective of this study was to develop quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (reti-pcr) tests for the detection of five economically important viruses in swine semen namely, pseudorabies virus (prv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), swine vesicular disease virus (svdv), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). each reti-pcr test was validated for specificity, analytical sensitivity (detection limits), and experimental ... | 2004 | 15288957 |
| [inactivation of viruses of different taxonomic groups by cuprous sulphate]. | study results of inactivated effects exerted by cuprous sulphate on viruses of different taxonomy groups are summarized in the paper. cuprous sulphate is a simple and reliable agent in inactivation of viruses of classical porcine fever, aujeszky's disease and bovine infectious rhinotracheitis. its inactivation action is based on the ability to reduce the viral genome to low-molecular fragment. apart from inactivation of the virus material, a decreased level of protective antibody determinants is ... | 2004 | 15293511 |
| risks to farm animals from pathogens in composted catering waste containing meat. | uncooked meat may contain animal pathogens, including bovine spongiform encephalopathy, foot-and-mouth disease virus, african swine fever virus and classical swine fever virus, and to prevent outbreaks of these diseases in farm animals, the disposal of meat from catering waste is controlled under the animal by-products regulations. this paper estimates the risks to farm animals of grazing land on to which compost, produced by the composting of catering waste containing meat, has been applied. th ... | 2004 | 15311800 |
| evaluation of baculovirus expression vectors with enhanced stability in continuous cascaded insect-cell bioreactors. | continuous protein production with baculovirus expression vectors in insect-cell bioreactors is characterized by a dramatic drop in heterologous protein production within a few weeks. this is mainly due to the spontaneous deletion of the heterologous gene(s) from the baculovirus genome and/or to the rapid accumulation of defective interfering baculoviruses (dis). cell culture experiments with bacmid-derived baculoviruses showed that spontaneous deletions in the foreign bacterial artificial chrom ... | 2004 | 15329932 |
| studies on the virulence of two field isolates of the classical swine fever virus genotype 2.3 rostock in wild boars of different age groups. | the virulence of two isolates of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) was studied in experimentally infected wild boars of different ages. the isolates, originating from wild boars shot in mecklenburg-western pomerania (isolate '1829-nvp') and in rhineland-palatinate (isolate '11722-wil'), belong to the genetic subgroup 2.3 rostock. clinical picture, transient viraemia, virus excretion and gross lesions at necropsy as well as a failure of virus detection at the end of the experiment revealed t ... | 2004 | 15330978 |
| two african swine fever virus proteins derived from a common precursor exhibit different nucleocytoplasmic transport activities. | african swine fever virus (asfv), a large icosahedral deoxyvirus, is the causative agent of an economically relevant hemorrhagic disease that affects domestic pigs. the major purpose of the present study was to investigate the nuclear transport activities of the asfv p37 and p14 proteins, which result from the proteolytic processing of a common precursor. experiments were performed by using yeast-based nucleocytoplasmic transport assays and by analysis of the subcellular localization of differen ... | 2004 | 15331706 |
| african swine fever virus inhibits induction of the stress-induced proapoptotic transcription factor chop/gadd153. | stress signaling from mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (er) leads to the induction of the proapoptotic transcription factor chop/gadd153. many viruses use the er as a site of replication and/or envelopment, and this activity can lead to the activation of er stress and apoptosis. african swine fever virus (asfv) is assembled on the cytoplasmic face of the er and ultimately enveloped by er membrane cisternae. the virus also recruits mitochondria to sites of viral replication and induces ... | 2004 | 15367650 |
| specific interaction between the classical swine fever virus ns5b protein and the viral genome. | the ns5b protein of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the rna-dependent rna polymerase of the virus and is able to catalyze the viral genome replication. the 3' untranslated region is most likely involved in regulation of the pestivirus genome replication. however, little is known about the interaction between the csfv ns5b protein and the viral genome. we used different rna templates derived from the plus-strand viral genome, or the minus-strand viral genome and the csfv ns5b protein ob ... | 2004 | 15373834 |
| development of maternal antibodies after oral vaccination of young female wild boar against classical swine fever. | an experimental study was performed to investigate the development of maternal antibodies after oral immunisation of young female wild boar against classical swine fever (csf) using c-strain vaccine. our results demonstrated that maternal antibodies do not persist in the offspring for more than 3 months. based on the neutralising serum antibody titres, we assume that piglets of wild sows vaccinated orally twice or immunised once a long time before conception have protective antibodies for approx ... | 2004 | 15381274 |
| classical swine fever virus strain 'c'. how long is it detectable after oral vaccination? | to determine the persistence period of c-strain vaccine virus in immunized animals, domestic pigs and wild boars were vaccinated orally and killed on different days post vaccinationem (dpv). tissue samples were taken at necropsy from both species for detection of c-strain virus. from domestic pigs nasal swabs and faeces were also collected. during the investigation period (2-12 dpv) vaccine virus could never be detected in nasal secretions and in faeces of vaccinated domestic pigs. in contrast, ... | 2004 | 15458487 |
| the viral protein a238l inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 expression through a nuclear factor of activated t cell-dependent transactivation pathway. | cyclooxygenase-2 is transiently induced upon cell activation or viral infections, resulting in inflammation and modulation of the immune response. here we report that a238l, an african swine fever virus protein, efficiently inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in jurkat t cells and in virus-infected vero cells. transfection of jurkat cells stably expressing a238l with cyclooxygenase-2 promoter-luciferase constructs containing 5'-terminal deletions or mutations in distal or proximal nuclear ... | 2004 | 15471864 |
| differential effects on the hepatitis c virus (hcv) internal ribosome entry site by vitamin b12 and the hcv core protein. | to investigate the role of the hepatitis c virus internal ribosome entry site (hcv ires) domain iv in translation initiation and regulation, two chimeric ires elements were constructed to contain the reciprocal domain iv in the otherwise hcv and classical swine fever virus ires elements. this permitted an examination of the role of domain iv in the control of hcv translation. a specific inhibitor of the hcv ires, vitamin b(12), was shown to inhibit translation directed by all ires elements which ... | 2004 | 15479850 |
| efficacy of e2-sub-unit marker and c-strain vaccines in reducing horizontal transmission of classical swine fever virus in weaner pigs. | at present, two types of vaccines against classical swine fever (csf) virus are commercially available: e2 sub-unit marker vaccines and the conventional attenuated live c-strain vaccines. to evaluate the reduction of the horizontal virus transmission, three comparable experiments were carried out in which groups of weaner pigs (vaccinated with a marker vaccine or a c-strain vaccine) were challenged with csf virus at 0, 7, and 14 days post-vaccination (dpv). virus transmission was prevented total ... | 2004 | 15488266 |
| characterization of classical swine fever virus entry by using pseudotyped viruses: e1 and e2 are sufficient to mediate viral entry. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the causative agent of classical swine fever. its envelope comprises glycoproteins e(rns), e1, and e2. in this study, we showed that the unmodified csfv glycoproteins could incorporate into the hiv core to generate an infectious csfv pseudotyped virus. the infection was specific to several porcine cell lines, and could be neutralized by anti-e2 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) completely and by anti-e(rns) mabs partially, indicating that this pseudotyped virus c ... | 2004 | 15527858 |
| in vitro effect of classical swine fever virus on a porcine aortic endothelial cell line. | the effect of classical swine fever (csf) virus on some phenotypic and functional features of an established porcine aortic endothelial cell (aoc) line was investigated. aoc cells show most of the characteristics of primary endothelial cells, avoiding the alterations and senescence that these cells undergo after a few passages in culture. aoc cells were susceptible to csf virus infection to a high degree, reaching 90% of csf virus positive cells after 24 h of infection; however as with other por ... | 2004 | 15535953 |
| sucrose fatty acid sulphate esters as novel vaccine adjuvants: effect of the chemical composition. | adjuvant activity of novel, synthetic sucrose derivatives towards a recombinant glycoprotein was determined in large, non-rodent animal species. compared to antigen alone, up to 3000-fold higher virus neutralizing antibody titres (vnts) and 10-fold higher cellular responses against classical swine fever virus were observed in pigs after two immunizations with the sucrose derivatives combined with a squalane-in-water emulsion. the chemical composition of the derivative was crucial and sucrose est ... | 2004 | 15542198 |
| genetic and antigenic characterization of an atypical pestivirus isolate, a putative member of a novel pestivirus species. | the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae currently consists of four different main species: classical swine fever virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2 and border disease virus. a fifth tentative species is represented by an isolate from a giraffe. in this study, a completely new pestivirus, isolated from a batch of fetal calf serum that was collected in brazil, is described. it is proposed that the isolate d32/00_'hobi' may constitute a novel sixth pestivirus species, beca ... | 2004 | 15557237 |
| a branching model for the spread of infectious animal diseases in varying environments. | this paper is concerned with a stochastic model, describing outbreaks of infectious diseases that have potentially great animal or human health consequences, and which can result in such severe economic losses that immediate sets of measures need to be taken to curb the spread. during an outbreak of such a disease, the environment that the infectious agent experiences is therefore changing due to the subsequent control measures taken. in our model, we introduce a general branching process in a c ... | 2004 | 15565446 |