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mannose receptor, c type 1 contributes to bacterial uptake by placental trophoblast giant cells.during pregnancy, maternal immune function is strictly controlled and immune tolerance is induced. trophoblast giant (tg) cells exhibit phagocytic activity and show macrophage-like activity against microorganisms in the placenta. however, details of molecular receptors and mechanisms for uptake by tg cells have not been clarified. in this study, we investigated the involvement of the mannose receptor, c type 1 (mrc1), in the uptake of the abortion-inducible bacterium listeria monocytogenes and a ...201223163874
effect of salt reduction on growth of listeria monocytogenes in meat and poultry systems.reducing sodium in food could have an effect on food safety. the objective was to determine differences in growth of listeria monocytogenes in meat and poultry systems with salt substitutes. for phase 1, fresh ground beef, pork, and turkey with nacl, kcl, cacl(2), mgcl(2), sea salt, or replacement salt added at 2.0% were inoculated with l. monocytogenes to determine growth/survival during 5 d at 4 °c to simulate a pre-blend process. l. monocytogenes populations significantly decreased (0.41 log ...201223164056
inla promotes dissemination of listeria monocytogenes to the mesenteric lymph nodes during food borne infection of mice.intestinal listeria monocytogenes infection is not efficient in mice and this has been attributed to a low affinity interaction between the bacterial surface protein inla and e-cadherin on murine intestinal epithelial cells. previous studies using either transgenic mice expressing human e-cadherin or mouse-adapted l. monocytogenes expressing a modified inla protein (inla(m)) with high affinity for murine e-cadherin showed increased efficiency of intragastric infection. however, the large inocula ...201223166492
the changing pattern of bacterial meningitis in adult patients at a large tertiary university hospital in barcelona, spain (1982-2010).we conducted a prospective, observational study in barcelona (spain) to determine changes in the spectrum of adult patients with bacterial meningitis (bm) over a 29-year period.201323168216
epidemiology of infectious encephalitis, differences between a prospective study and hospital discharge data.the french epidemiology of infectious encephalitis has been described in a 2007 prospective study. we compared these results with available data (demographic features, causative agents, case-fatality ratio) obtained through the french national hospital discharge 2007 database (pmsi), in order to evaluate it as a surveillance tool for encephalitis. causative agents were identified in 52% of cases in the study, and 38% in pmsi (p < 0·001). the incidence of encephalitis in france in 2007 was estima ...201323168268
probiotic potential of lactobacillus spp. isolated from brazilian regional ovine cheese.twelve lactobacillus isolates from brazilian starter-free ovine cheeses were evaluated for their probiotic potential. the strains were identified by 16s rdna sequencing as lactobacillus plantarum (7), lb. brevis (2), lb. casei (2) and lb. parabuchneri (1). all strains showed variable resistance to gastric juices and relative tolerance to pancreatin and bile salts. only five strains of lb. plantarum could not deconjugate the sodium salt of taurodeoxycholic acid. autoaggregation ability after 24 h ...201223171587
listeriosis at a tertiary care hospital in beijing, china: high prevalence of nonclustered healthcare-associated cases among adult patients.listeriosis is an emerging infectious disease associated with high mortality. there are few published reports from east asia and developing countries. our goal was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients diagnosed with listeria monocytogenes at a tertiary care hospital in beijing, china.201323175565
evaluating the use of fatty acid profiles to differentiate human pathogenic and nonpathogenic listeria species.listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive human pathogen that is responsible for serious infections in immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women. because of recent epidemics caused by food contaminated with l. monocytogenes, rapid methods for the detection of this pathogen in food are of interest. capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (gc-fid) was used to determine the cellular fatty acid profiles of six species of listeria. the six different species are l. monocyto ...201223175980
highly specific fiber optic immunosensor coupled with immunomagnetic separation for detection of low levels of listeria monocytogenes and l. ivanovii.immunomagnetic separation (ims) and immunoassays are widely used for pathogen detection. however, novel technology platforms with highly selective antibodies are essential to improve detection sensitivity, specificity and performance. in this study, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against internalin a (inla) and p30 were generated and used on paramagnetic beads of varying diameters for concentration, as well as on fiber-optic sensor for detection.201223176167
identification of a ferritin-like protein of listeria monocytogenes as a mediator of β-lactam tolerance and innate resistance to cephalosporins.the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of listeriosis. the β-lactam antibiotics penicillin g and ampicillin are the current drugs of choice for the treatment of listerial infections. while isolates of l. monocytogenes are susceptible to these antibiotics, their action is only bacteriostatic and consequently, this bacterium is regarded as tolerant to β-lactams. in addition, l. monocytogenes has a high level of innate resistance to the cephalosporin family of β-lacta ...201223176286
bacterial load and inflammation in fetal tissues is not dependent on il-17a or il-22 in 10-14 day pregnant mice infected with listeria monocytogenes.in this study, we first assessed the effect of intragastric infection of pregnant mice with listeria monocytogenes on relative expression of select genes associated with t cell subsets. relative gene expression was moderately increased in placental tissues for ifnγ, il-4, il-17a, il-22, cd3, and foxp3. to assess the roles of il-17a and il-22 in resistance to listeriosis during pregnancy, we compared the severity of maternal and fetal infection in il-17a((-/-)), il-22((-/-)), and il-17a((-/-))/il ...201323178254
comparing organic acids and salt derivatives as antimicrobials against selected poultry-borne listeria monocytogenes strains in vitro.this article reports on the antilisterial properties of selected organic acids and salt derivatives in order to suggest possible alternatives in food preservation and pathogen control in the poultry meat processing industry. the susceptibility of two listeria monocytogenes isolates was assessed against five organic acids (lactic, acetic, malic, citric, and propionic) and two acid-salt derivatives (sorbic acid [potassium salt] and benzoic acid [sodium salt]) across a series of ph environments. mi ...201223190165
hierarchical shrinkage priors and model fitting for high-dimensional generalized linear models.abstract genetic and other scientific studies routinely generate very many predictor variables, which can be naturally grouped, with predictors in the same groups being highly correlated. it is desirable to incorporate the hierarchical structure of the predictor variables into generalized linear models for simultaneous variable selection and coefficient estimation. we propose two prior distributions: hierarchical cauchy and double-exponential distributions, on coefficients in generalized linear ...201223192052
rsbv of listeria monocytogenes contributes to regulation of environmental stress and virulence.sigmab factor is an important regulatory factor for stress response in gram-positive bacteria such as listeria monocytogenes (l. monocytogenes), staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis. however, the activity of sigmab factor is regulated by rsbv factor. currently, the functional studies of rsbv factor are mostly focused on non-pathogenic b. subtilis, but the roles of rsbv factor in pathogenic l. monocytogenes during the regulation of environmental stress and virulence are still unclear. in t ...201323192174
production of medium chain saturated fatty acids with enhanced antimicrobial activity from crude coconut fat by solid state cultivation of yarrowia lipolytica.fatty acids profiles and antimicrobial activity of crude coconut fat hydrolysates obtained in solid-state cultivation system with a selected yeast strain yarrowia lipolytica ro13 were performed. a preliminary step regarding extracellular lipase production and solid state enzymatic hydrolysis of crude fat at different water activity and time intervals up to 7 days was also applied. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was used for quantification of medium chain saturated fatty acids (mcs ...201323194533
two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis analysis of listeria monocytogenes submitted to a redox shock.the influence of redox alteration on the growth and proteomic pattern of listeria monocytogenes was investigated. a redox shock was induced in cultures by addition of 3mm ferricyanide (fecn) and 6mm dithiothreitol (dtt) to increase or to decrease respectively the redox potential naturally occurring at the beginning of growth. in both conditions, the reducing and oxidizing redox shock had a strong influence, decreasing the maximum growth rate by half compared to a control culture. the proteomic a ...201323195917
effects of combined treatments of electron-beam irradiation and addition of leek (allium tuberosum) extract on reduction of pathogens in pork jerky.this study investigated the combined effect of electron-beam irradiation and addition of leek (allium tuberosum r.) extract on pork jerky inoculated with selected foodborne pathogens. prepared pork jerky samples (control and samples with 1.0% leek extract) were inoculated with pathogens and subsequently irradiated at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 kgy doses. in comparison with the control, samples with 1.0% leek extract showed significant reduction in the numbers of escherichia coli, listeria monocytoge ...201223199493
antagonistic effect of pseudomonas graminis cpa-7 against foodborne pathogens in fresh-cut apples under simulated commercial conditions.recently, we reported that the application of the strain cpa-7 of pseudomonas graminis, previously isolated from apple, could reduce the population of foodborne pathogens on minimally processed (mp) apples and peaches under laboratory conditions. therefore, the objective of the present work was to find an antioxidant treatment and a packaging atmosphere condition to improve cpa-7 efficacy in reducing a cocktail of four salmonella and five listeria monocytogenes strains on mp apples under simulat ...201323200645
assessment of safe enterococci as bioprotective cultures in low-acid fermented sausages combined with high hydrostatic pressure.three bacteriocinogenic, non-aminogenic and non-virulent enterococcus strains (enterococcus faecium ctc8005, enterococcus devriesei ctc8006 and enterococcus casseliflavus ctc8003) were used as starter cultures in low-acid fermented sausages to assess their competitiveness and their bioprotective potential against listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus. the inoculated strains were successfully monitored by rapd-pcr. all the strains were able to grow, survive and dominate the endogenous ...201323200647
multiplex fiber optic biosensor for detection of listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica from ready-to-eat meat samples.listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica are the most common foodborne bacterial pathogens and are responsible for many outbreaks. therefore, multiplex detection of these three using a single assay platform is highly desirable. the objective was to develop and optimize a fiber optic sensor for simultaneous detection of these three from food. the streptavidin coated optical waveguides were immobilized with biotinylated polyclonal antibodies and exposed to the bacte ...201323200648
selection of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria from fermented olives by in vitro tests.the present study aims to evaluate the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from naturally fermented olives and select candidates to be used as probiotic starters for the improvement of the traditional fermentation process and the production of newly added value functional foods. seventy one (71) lactic acid bacterial strains (17 leuconostoc mesenteroides, 1 ln. pseudomesenteroides, 13 lactobacillus plantarum, 37 lb. pentosus, 1 lb. paraplantarum, and 2 lb. paracasei subsp. ...201323200662
characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolated from ganges water, human clinical and milk samples at varanasi, india.listeria monocytogenes isolated from ganges water, human clinical and milk samples were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility, serotype identification, detection of virulence genes and eric- and rep-pcr fingerprint analyses. all isolates were uniformly resistant to ampicillin, except two isolates, and showed variable resistance to gentamicin, cotrimoxazole, ofloxacin, rifampicin and tetracycline. of the 20 isolates found positive for pathogens, seven (four human and three water isolates) be ...201323201044
antibacterial activity and composition of essential oils from pelargonium graveolens l'her and vitex agnus-castus l.essential oils are volatile compounds that have been used since middle ages as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, sedative, local anesthetic and food flavoring agents. in the current study, essential oils of pelargonium graveolens l'her and vitex agnus-castus l. were analyzed for their antibacterial activities.201223205247
combined effect of sodium nitrite with high-pressure treatments on the inactivation of escherichia coli bw25113 and listeria monocytogenes nctc 11994.the bactericidal effect of acidified sodium nitrite alone or when combined with high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) treatment was examined with escherichia coli bw25113 and listeria monocytogenes nctc 11994. a powerful synergistic effect of hhp plus nitrite was observed at ph 4·0, but not at higher ph values. escherichia coli hmpa and norv mutants lacking defences against nitrosative stress were more sensitive to pressure combined with acidified sodium nitrite than the wild-type strain, suggesting a ...201323206192
prevalence and characterization of foodborne pathogens in dairy cattle in the eastern part of japan.to investigate the prevalence and characterization of foodborne pathogens [campylobacter spp., shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), listeria monocytogenes and salmonella spp.] in dairy cows, rectal content grab samples were collected from 250 dairy cows reared on 25 dairy farms in eastern japan from december 2010 through february 2011. campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 106 (42%) cows on 23 (92%) farms, stec o157 from three cows on one farm, l. monocytogenes from three cows on anot ...201323208291
a comparison of enrichment and direct-plating methods for isolation of listeria monocytogenes from surface water.listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen distributed in the environment. reference isolation methods include an enrichment step. we compared 2 protocols: one based on enrichment and the other on direct plating, with respect to the efficiency of isolation of l. monocytogenes from surface water samples. from march to may 2006, 126 surface water samples were collected biweekly from 24 discrete sampling sites located in the south nation river basin (ontario). presumptive lister ...201223210998
retrospective analysis of a listeria monocytogenes contamination episode in raw milk goat cheese using quantitative microbial risk assessment tools.in 2005, the belgian authorities reported a listeria monocytogenes contamination episode in cheese made from raw goat's milk. the presence of an asymptomatic shedder goat in the herd caused this contamination. on the basis of data collected at the time of the episode, a retrospective study was performed using an exposure assessment model covering the production chain from the milking of goats up to delivery of cheese to the market. predictive microbiology models were used to simulate the growth ...201223212008
antimicrobial-resistant listeria species from retail meat in metro detroit.a total of 138 listeria isolates from retail meat, including 58 listeria welshimeri, 44 listeria monocytogenes, and 36 listeria innocua isolates, were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility tests against nine antimicrobials. in addition, the 44 l. monocytogenes isolates were analyzed by serotype identification using pcr and genotyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. resistance to one or two antimicrobials was observed in 32 listeria isolates (23.2%). no multidrug resistance was id ...201223212009
growth and filamentation of cold-adapted, log-phase listeria monocytogenes exposed to salt, acid, or alkali stress at 3°c.in canada, there is a zero tolerance for listeria in a 125-g sample of product in which growth of listeria monocytogenes can occur, and a limit of ≤100 cfu/g in ready-to-eat (rte) food products that support limited growth during the stated shelf life and/or rte refrigerated foods with a shelf life of ≤5 days. l. monocytogenes can form filaments in response to ph and osmotic, atmospheric, and temperature stress, which can result in an underestimation of the risk of rte foods as filaments form sin ...201223212010
shelf-life extension and sanitation of fresh pork loin by e-beam treatment.the usefulness of electron beam (e-beam) irradiation to increase the shelf life of whole fresh pork loin stored at 4°c has been studied. the shelf life was extended from 5 to 11 and 20 days after the application of 1 and 2 kgy, respectively. if a temperature abuse situation were to occur during product distribution (e.g., increase to 8°c), the shelf life would be extended from 3 to 8 and 15 days, respectively, after application of the same doses. when considering listeria monocytogenes from a pu ...201223212015
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of listeria species isolated from different types of raw meat in iran.listeria and particularly listeria monocytogenes are important foodborne pathogens that can cause listeriosis and severe complications in immunocompromised individuals, children, pregnant women, and the elderly. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of listeria spp. in raw meat in iran. from july 2010 to november 2011, a total of 1,107 samples of various raw meats were obtained from randomly selected retail butcher shops. the results of conventional bacteriologic and pcr me ...201223212021
evidence of extensive diversity in bacterial adherence mechanisms that exploit unanticipated stainless steel surface structural complexity for biofilm formation.three protease-resistant bioorganic 304 stainless steel surfaces were created through the reaction of synthetic peptides consisting of the d-enantiomeric isomer (d-k122-4), the retro-inverso d-enantiomeric isomer (ri-k122-4), and a combination of the two peptides (d+ri) of the pseudomonas aeruginosa pila receptor binding domain with steel surfaces. the peptides used to produce the new materials differ only in handedness of their three-dimensional structure, but they reacted with the steel to yie ...201323212080
a multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) of listeria monocytogenes isolated from norwegian salmon-processing factories and from listeriosis patients.the objective of this study was to characterize listeria monocytogenes isolated from farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and the processing environment in three different norwegian factories, and compare these to clinical isolates by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva). the 65 l. monocytogenes isolates obtained gave 15 distinct mlva profiles. there was great heterogeneity in the distribution of mlva profiles in factories and within each factory. nine of the 15 mlva prof ...201323218175
listeria monocytogenes septic arthritis in a patient treated with mycophenolate mofetil for polyarteritis nodosa: a case report and review of the literature.listeriosis can be a cause of arthritis. here, we present a case of listeria monocytogenes septic arthritis of the right hip in a 66-year-old male treated with mycophenolate mofetil for polyarteritis nodosa. so far, septic arthritis due to this microorganism has not been reported in patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil. we review the literature of l. monocytogenes septic arthritis and discuss the role of mycophenolate mofetil treatment in precipitating listeriosis.201323218550
listeria monocytogenes cholecystitis: a possible new syndrome.the u.s. food and drug administration recently added potentially fatal listeria monocytogenes infection to the list of opportunistic infections that can occur in patients who receive tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy. in this study, the first reported case of l monocytogenes cholecystitis associated with etanercept use is described. it also appears that tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy likely increases the risk for listeria cholecystitis. clinicians need to be aware of this associat ...201323221515
prevalence and level of listeria monocytogenes and other listeria sp. in ready-to-eat minimally processed and refrigerated vegetables.minimally processed and refrigerated vegetables can be contaminated with listeria species bacteria including listeria monocytogenes due to extensive handling during processing or by cross contamination from the processing environment. the objective of this study was to examine the microbiological quality of ready-to-eat minimally processed and refrigerated vegetables from supermarkets in osijek, croatia. 100 samples of ready-to-eat vegetables collected from different supermarkets in osijek, croa ...201323225207
lipid-labeling facilitates a novel magnetic isolation procedure to characterize pathogen-containing phagosomes.here we describe a novel approach for the isolation and biochemical characterization of pathogen-containing compartments from primary cells: we developed a lipid-based procedure to magnetically label the surface of bacteria and visualized the label by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (sem, tem). we performed infection experiments with magnetically labeled mycobacterium avium, m. tuberculosis and listeria monocytogenes and isolated magnetic bacteria-containing phagosomes using a stro ...201323231467
current knowledge and perspectives on biofilm formation: the case of listeria monocytogenes.listeriosis is a rare, serious, and mainly food-borne infection caused by the bacterium listeria monocytogenes. this food-borne infection primarily affects pregnant women and immunologically compromised individuals. l. monocytogenes is recognized as a problem for the food industry, mainly due to its environmental persistence, attributed in part to its ability to form biofilms. biofilms are microbial communities adhered to biotic or abiotic surfaces coated by self-produced extracellular polymers. ...201323233205
(d)-amino acid chemical reporters reveal peptidoglycan dynamics of an intracellular pathogen.peptidoglycan (pg) is an essential component of the bacterial cell wall. although experiments with organisms in vitro have yielded a wealth of information on pg synthesis and maturation, it is unclear how these studies translate to bacteria replicating within host cells. we report a chemical approach for probing pg in vivo via metabolic labeling and bioorthogonal chemistry. a wide variety of bacterial species incorporated azide and alkyne-functionalized d-alanine into their cell walls, which we ...201323240806
il-6 controls the innate immune response against listeria monocytogenes via classical il-6 signaling.the cytokine il-6 plays a protective role in immune responses against bacterial infections. however, the mechanisms of il-6-mediated protection are only partially understood. il-6 can signal via the il-6r complex composed of membrane-bound il-6rα (mil-6rα) and gp130. owing to the restricted expression of mil-6rα, classical il-6 signaling occurs only in a limited number of cells such as hepatocytes and certain leukocyte subsets. il-6 also interacts with soluble il-6rα proteins and these il-6/solu ...201323241882
expanding roles for gilt in immunity.gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (gilt), a thioredoxin-related oxidoreductase, functions in mhc class ii-restricted antigen processing and mhc class i-restricted cross-presentation by reducing disulfide bonds of endocytosed proteins and facilitating their unfolding and optimal degradation. however, recent reports have greatly expanded our understanding of gilt's function. several studies of gilt and antigen processing have shown that the influence of gilt on the peptide reper ...201323246037
synergistic combinations of high hydrostatic pressure and essential oils or their constituents and their use in preservation of fruit juices.this work addresses the inactivation achieved with escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes egd-e by combined processes of high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) and essential oils (eos) or their chemical constituents (ccs). hhp treatments (175-400 mpa for 20 min) were combined with 200 μl/l of each eo (citrus sinensis l., citrus lemon l., citrus reticulata l., thymus algeriensis l., eucalyptus globulus l., rosmarinus officinalis l., mentha pulegium l., juniperus phoenicea l., and cyperus lo ...201323246609
delayed cerebral thrombosis in bacterial meningitis: a prospective cohort study.to study the incidence and clinical characteristics of delayed cerebral thrombosis in bacterial meningitis patients.201323248040
murine guanylate binding protein 2 (mgbp2) controls toxoplasma gondii replication.ifn-γ orchestrates the host response against intracellular pathogens. members of the guanylate binding proteins (gbp) comprise the most abundant ifn-γ-induced transcriptional response. mgbps are gtpases that are specifically up-regulated by ifn-γ, other proinflammatory cytokines, toll-like receptor agonists, as well as in response to listeria monocytogenes and toxoplasma gondii infection. mgbp2 localizes at the parasitophorous vacuole (pv) of t. gondii; however, the molecular function of mgbp2 a ...201323248289
[meningitis due to listeria monocytogenes in adults].listeria monocytogenes is the third most common cause of community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults.201323250677
in vitro and in vivo characterization of dna delivery using recombinant lactococcus lactis expressing a mutated form of l. monocytogenes internalin a.the use of food-grade lactic acid bacteria (lab) as dna delivery vehicles represents an attractive strategy to deliver dna vaccines at the mucosal surfaces as they are generally regarded as safe (gras). we previously showed that either native lactococcus lactis (ll) or recombinant invasive ll expressing fibronectin binding protein a of staphylococcus aureus (ll-fnbpa+) or internalin a of listeria monocytogenes (ll-inla+), were able to deliver and trigger dna expression by epithelial cells, eithe ...201223253484
rhombencephalitis due to listeria monocytogenes: a case study. 201423260449
listeriosis outbreaks and associated food vehicles, united states, 1998-2008.listeria monocytogenes, a bacterial foodborne pathogen, can cause meningitis, bacteremia, and complications during pregnancy. this report summarizes listeriosis outbreaks reported to the foodborne disease outbreak surveillance system of the centers for disease control and prevention during 1998-2008. the study period includes the advent of pulsenet (a national molecular subtyping network for outbreak detection) in 1998 and the listeria initiative (enhanced surveillance for outbreak investigation ...201323260661
novel epidemic clones of listeria monocytogenes, united states, 2011.we identified a novel serotype 1/2a outbreak strain and 2 novel epidemic clones of listeria monocytogenes while investigating a foodborne outbreak of listeriosis associated with consumption of cantaloupe during 2011 in the united states. comparative analyses of strains worldwide are essential to identification of novel outbreak strains and epidemic clones.201323260778
cellular and molecular investigations of the adhesion and mechanics of listeria monocytogenes lineages' i and ii environmental and epidemic strains.atomic force microscopy (afm) was used to probe the mechanical and adherence properties of eight listeria monocytogenes' strains representative of the species' two phylogenetic lineages i and ii. from a functional perspective, lineage' i strains were characterized by lower overall adhesion forces and higher specific and nonspecific forces compared to lineage' ii strains. from a structural perspective, lineage' ii strains were characterized by higher young's moduli and longer and stiffer biopolym ...201223261349
nanodispersed eugenol has improved antimicrobial activity against escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes in bovine milk.there has been great interest in intervention strategies based on plant essential oils to control pathogens such as escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes (lm). however, the poor solubility of essential oils in water makes it difficult to disperse evenly in food matrices, impacting food quality and antimicrobial efficacy. in the present study, eugenol was dispersed in nanocapsules prepared with conjugates of whey protein isolate (wpi) and maltodextrin (md, of various chain lengths). ...201323261812
exploration of the role of the non-coding rna sbre in l. monocytogenes stress response.sbre is a ncrna in listeria monocytogenes, reported to be up-regulated by the alternative sigma factor σb. initial quantitative rt-pcr (qrt-pcr) experiments on parent strains and isogenic δsigb strains demonstrated σb-dependent expression of sbre across the four l. monocytogenes lineages and in l. innocua. microarray and proteomics (mdlc/ms/ms with itraq labeling) experiments with the l. monocytogenes parent strain and an isogenic δsbre strain identified a single gene (lmo0636) and two proteins ...201223263668
synthesis, pharmacological activity evaluation and molecular modeling of new polynuclear heterocyclic compounds containing benzimidazole derivatives.novel heterocyclic compounds containing benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized from 2-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl) acetonitrile (1) and arylhydrazononitrile derivative 2 was obtained via coupling of 1 with 4-methyl phenyldiazonium salt, which was then reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to give amidooxime derivative 3. this product was cyclized into the corresponding oxadiazole derivative 4 upon reflux in acetic anhydride. compound 4 was refluxed in dmf in the presence of triethylamine to giv ...201223263801
protein-protein interaction domains of bacillus subtilis diviva.diviva proteins are curvature-sensitive membrane binding proteins that recruit other proteins to the poles and the division septum. they consist of a conserved n-terminal lipid binding domain fused to a less conserved c-terminal domain. diviva homologues interact with different proteins involved in cell division, chromosome segregation, genetic competence, or cell wall synthesis. it is unknown how diviva interacts with these proteins, and we used the interaction of bacillus subtilis diviva with ...201323264578
innate-like cd4 t cells selected by thymocytes suppress adaptive immune responses against bacterial infections.we have reported a new innate-like cd4 t cell population that expresses cell surface makers of effector/memory cells and produce th1 and th2 cytokines immediately upon activation. unlike conventional cd4 t cells that are selected by thymic epithelial cells, these cd4 t cells, named t-cd4 t cells, are selected by mhc class ii expressing thymocytes. previously, we showed that the presence of t-cd4 t cells protected mice from airway inflammation suggesting an immune regulatory role of t-cd4 t cells ...201123264931
identification of an optimized panel of variable number tandem-repeat (vntr) loci for listeria monocytogenes typing.listeria monocytogenes is an important worldwide foodborne pathogen. for listeriosis outbreak investigations, an optimal multiple-locus variable-number-tandem-repeat analysis typing panel was identified from 4 previously reported schemes. the optimal combination of loci consisted of 9 loci (lmv6, lmv1, lmv2, lm11, lm10, lmv7, lm32, lm-tr6, and lm23), which produced the same level of differentiation ability simpson index of 0.9914 as that of all 14 loci combined in the previous 4 reports. this pa ...201323265294
inhibitory activity of surfactin, produced by different bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis strains, against listeria monocytogenes sensitive and bacteriocin-resistant strains.three surfactin-producing bacillus subtilis strains, c4, m1 and g2iii, previously isolated from honey and intestines from the apis mellifera l. bee, were phylogenetically characterized at sub-species level as b. subtilis subsp. subtilis using gyra gene sequencing. the antagonistic effect of surfactin was studied against seven different listeria monocytogenes strains, 6 of which were resistant to bacteriocins. surfactin showed anti-listeria activity against all 7 strains and a dose of 0.125 mg/ml ...201223265790
polyphasic characterization and genetic relatedness of low-virulence and virulent listeria monocytogenes isolates.currently, food regulatory authorities consider all listeria monocytogenes isolates as equally virulent. however, an increasing number of studies demonstrate extensive variations in virulence and pathogenicity of l. monocytogenes strains. up to now, there is no comprehensive overview of the population genetic structure of l. monocytogenes taking into account virulence level. we have previously demonstrated that different low-virulence strains exhibit the same mutations in virulence genes suggest ...201223267677
transfer of cd8+ t cell memory using bcl-2 as a marker.the processes that regulate t cell memory generation are important for therapeutic design and the immune response to disease. however, what allows a subset of effector t cells to survive the contraction period to become memory cells is incompletely understood. the bcl-2 family is critical for t cell survival, and bcl-2 has been proposed to be important for the survival of memory cells. however, previous studies have relied on double-knockout models, potentially skewing the role of bcl-2, and the ...201323269245
the insect galleria mellonella as a powerful infection model to investigate bacterial pathogenesis.the study of bacterial virulence often requires a suitable animal model. mammalian models of infection are costly and may raise ethical issues. the use of insects as infection models provides a valuable alternative. compared to other non-vertebrate model hosts such as nematodes, insects have a relatively advanced system of antimicrobial defenses and are thus more likely to produce information relevant to the mammalian infection process. like mammals, insects possess a complex innate immune syste ...201223271509
occam's razor and probiotics activity on listeria monocytogenes. 201323271812
how the fly balances its ability to combat different pathogens.health is a multidimensional landscape. if we just consider the host, there are many outputs that interest us: evolutionary fitness determining parameters like fecundity, survival and pathogen clearance as well as medically important health parameters like sleep, energy stores and appetite. hosts use a variety of effector pathways to fight infections and these effectors are brought to bear differentially. each pathogen causes a different disease as they have distinct virulence factors and niches ...201223271964
listeria monocytogenes infection causes metabolic shifts in drosophila melanogaster.immunity and metabolism are intimately linked; manipulating metabolism, either through diet or genetics, has the power to alter survival during infection. however, despite metabolism's powerful ability to alter the course of infections, little is known about what being "sick" means metabolically. here we describe the metabolic changes occurring in a model system when listeria monocytogenes causes a lethal infection in drosophila melanogaster. l. monocytogenes infection alters energy metabolism; ...201223272066
severe invasive listeriosis--case report.listeriosis is a rare food borne infection which, in the invasive form, presents as bloodstream infection, central nervous system infection, materno-fetal infection, or focal infection. certain immunosuppressive conditions have been identified as risk factors for severe invasive disease. the invasive forms of listeriosis are associated with a high case fatality rate. we present the case of a 62-year-old male with an unremarkable medical history admitted to the iasi infectious diseases hospital f ...201323272533
isolation and characterization of a nisin-like bacteriocin produced by a lactococcus lactis strain isolated from charqui, a brazilian fermented, salted and dried meat product.a lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain (l. lactis 69) capable to produce a heat-stable bacteriocin was isolated from charqui, a brazilian fermented, salted and sun-dried meat product. the bacteriocin inhibited, in vitro, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, several lactic acid bacteria isolated from foods and spoilage halotolerant bacteria isolated from charqui. the activity of the bacteriocin was not affected by ph (2.0-10.0), heating (100 °c), and chemical agents (1% w/v). treatme ...201223273471
changes in microbial contamination levels of porcine carcasses and fresh pork in slaughterhouses, processing lines, retail outlets, and local markets by commercial distribution.the objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in microbial contamination levels of each porcine carcass and fresh pork in a general distribution process. a total of 100 commercial pigs were sampled (six sampling sites per individual, total 600 samples) at four sequential stages: slaughterhouse (after carcass grading and boning), processing line, retail outlet, and local market. no significant differences were observed in the contaminant percentages among sampling sites and sample colle ...201323273786
the unique structure of haemophilus influenzae protein e reveals multiple binding sites for host factors.haemophilus influenzae protein e (pe) is a multifunctional adhesin involved in direct interactions with lung epithelial cells and host proteins, including plasminogen and the extracellular matrix proteins vitronectin and laminin. we recently crystallized pe and successfully collected x-ray diffraction data at 1.8 å. here, we solved the structure of a recombinant version of pe and analyzed different functional regions. it is a dimer in solution and in the asymmetric unit of the crystals. the dime ...201323275089
micro-rna 155 is required for optimal cd8+ t cell responses to acute viral and intracellular bacterial challenges.recent studies have begun to define the role of micro-rnas in regulating the immune response. micro-rna155 (mir-155) has been shown to play a role in germinal center formation, t cell inflammation, and regulatory t cell development. in this study, we evaluated the role of mir-155 in cytotoxic t cell function. we report in this study that mice lacking mir-155 have impaired cd8(+) t cell responses to infections with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and the intracellular bacteria listeria monocyt ...201223275599
[the need for systematic molecular subtyping surveillance to timely detect food-borne, bacterial outbreaks].timely outbreak detection is a major objective of the surveillance of food-borne infections. in this regard molecular subtyping is a very useful tool for several bacterial pathogens, e.g. enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec), listeria monocytogenes and various serotypes of non-typhoidal salmonella. the basis is the characterization of patient isolates by molecular methods, preferably at the clonal level. the goal is to find groups of identical isolates which may indicate that they share a common ori ...201323275954
[role of pathogen surveillance and subtyping in outbreak recognition of food-borne bacterial infections. microbiological perspective - aims, methods and prospects of pathogen subtyping].the recognition of infection clusters via determination of clonal relationships between pathogen isolates represents the major aim of pathogen subtyping during outbreaks. in addition, a continuing and comprehensive subtyping of pathogen isolates is a prerequisite for early recognition of changes within pathogen populations, especially of new pathogen types and variants. here, in an exemplary manner, we outline the current practice in germany for three important agents of food-borne infections, s ...201323275955
intrinsic role of foxo3a in the development of cd8+ t cell memory.cd8(+) t cells undergo rapid expansion during infection with intracellular pathogens, which is followed by swift and massive culling of primed cd8(+) t cells. the mechanisms that govern the massive contraction and maintenance of primed cd8(+) t cells are not clear. we show in this study that the transcription factor, foxo3a, does not influence ag presentation and the consequent expansion of cd8(+) t cell response during listeria monocytogenes infection, but plays a key role in the maintenance of ...201223277488
incorporation of listeria monocytogenes strains in raw milk biofilms.biofilms develop successively on devices of milk production without sufficient cleaning and originate from the microbial community of raw milk. the established biofilm matrices enable incorporation of pathogens like listeria monocytogenes, which can cause a continuous contamination of food processing plants. l. monocytogenes is frequently found in raw milk and non-pasteurized raw milk products and as part of a biofilm community in milk meters and bulk milk tanks. the aim of this study was to ana ...201323279814
crig signals induce anti-intracellular bacterial phagosome activity in a chloride intracellular channel 3-dependent manner.macrophages provide a first line of defense against bacterial infection by engulfing and killing invading bacteria, but intracellular bacteria such as listeria monocytogenes (lm) can survive in macrophages by various mechanisms of evasion. complement receptor of the immunoglobulin (crig), a c3b receptor, binds to c3b on opsonized bacteria and facilitates clearance of the bacteria by promoting their uptake. we found that crig signaling induced by agonistic anti-crig mab enhanced the killing of in ...201323280470
enteric microflora in ibd: pathogens or commensals?: both pathogenic and normal enteric microflora can induce and perpetuate chronic intestinal inflammation with systemic manifestations in genetically susceptible hosts. at the present time, there is no convincing indication that the majority of cases of ulcerative colitis or crohn's disease is caused by persistent infection by mycobacterium paratuberculosis, measles, listeria monocytogenes, or helicobacter species, but this possibility remains a valid hypothesis. transient infection with any of ...199723282809
metabolic responses of primary and transformed cells to intracellular listeria monocytogenes.the metabolic response of host cells, in particular of primary mammalian cells, to bacterial infections is poorly understood. here, we compare the carbon metabolism of primary mouse macrophages and of established j774a.1 cells upon listeria monocytogenes infection using (13)c-labelled glucose or glutamine as carbon tracers. the (13)c-profiles of protein-derived amino acids from labelled host cells and intracellular l. monocytogenes identified active metabolic pathways in the different cell types ...201223285016
assessment of the microbial safety and quality of cooked chilled foods and their production process.refrigerated processed foods of extended durability (repfeds) are a heterogeneous group of food products. this study assesses the microbial safety and quality along the production process in five repfed companies. samples were taken of raw materials (n=123), intermediate products (n=123), end products at production day (n=45) and at end of shelf life (n=90), food contact surfaces (n=226) and worker's hands/gloves (n=92). samples are analysed for total psychrotrophic aerobic count, aerobic spore ...201323290224
inactivation of foodborne pathogens in ground beef by cooking with highly controlled radio frequency energy.the consumer demand for fresh tasting, high quality, low salt, preservative-free meals which require minimal preparation time magnifies the safety concern and emphasizes the need to use innovative technologies for food processing. a modern technique to uniformly heat and cook foods is based on a combination of convection and controlled radio frequency (rf) energy. however any advantage conferred on meat cooked by this method would be lost if application of the technology results in decreased saf ...201323290228
microbiological investigation of raphanus sativus l. grown hydroponically in nutrient solutions contaminated with spoilage and pathogenic bacteria.the survival of eight undesired (spoilage/pathogenic) food related bacteria (citrobacter freundii pss60, enterobacter spp. pss11, escherichia coli pss2, klebsiella oxytoca pss82, serratia grimesii pss72, pseudomonas putida pss21, stenotrophomonas maltophilia pss52 and listeria monocytogenes atcc 19114(t)) was investigated in mineral nutrient solution (mns) during the crop cycle of radishes (raphanus sativus l.) cultivated in hydroponics in a greenhouse. mnss were microbiologically analyzed weekl ...201223290244
inactivation by lemon juice of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, and listeria monocytogenes in beef marinating for the ethnic food kelaguen.lemon juice, a major source of acidulant citric acid, is frequently used in the preparation of ethnic foods. raw or partially cooked meats are marinated with lemon juice in the preparation of a popular chamorro dish called kelaguen, which is, unfortunately, strongly associated with foodborne illness outbreaks in guam. we investigated the efficacy of lemon juice in reducing numbers of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, and listeria monocytogenes at stationary phase during marinatio ...201323290245
exoproteomic analysis of the seca2-dependent secretion in listeria monocytogenes egd-e.as part of the sec translocase, the accessory atpase seca2 is present in some pathogenic gram-positive bacteria. in listeria monocytogenes, deletion of seca2 results in filamentous cells that form rough colonies and have lower virulence. however, only a few proteins have been identified that are secreted by this pathway. this investigation aims to provide the first exoproteomic analysis of the seca2-dependent secretion in l. monocytogenes egd-e. by using media and temperatures relevant to bacter ...201323291529
salt stress-induced invasiveness of major listeria monocytogenes serotypes.of the 13 serotypes, 4b serotype strains are responsible for the majority of recorded invasive listeriosis outbreaks, although some recent listeriosis outbreaks have been attributed to strains of serotypes 1/2a and 1/2b. virulence and response to osmotic stress in 41 listeria monocytogenes strains representing serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b and 4b was investigated. it was found that serotype 4b and 1/2b strains exhibited highest invasion efficiency and formed largest plaques in ht-29 cell monolayer. invas ...201323294476
synthesis and functional characterization of antibiofilm exopolysaccharide produced by enterococcus faecium mc13 isolated from the gut of fish.the synthesis and functional characterization of an antibiofilm exopolysaccharide (eps) from a probiotic enterococcus faecium mc13 were investigated. the temperature of 35 °c, ph of 6.5, and salinity of 1-2% were found to be optimum for eps production. the sucrose (30 g l⁻¹) and yeast extract (20 g l⁻¹) acted as suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, which strongly influenced eps production with yield of 11.33 and 11.91 g l⁻¹. based on the thin layer chromatography, eps of e. faeciu ...201323296803
multiple abscesses of the left brain hemisphere due to listeria monocytogenes in an immunocompromised patient: a case report.we describe a case of brain abscesses in a cirrhotic and diabetic 57-year-old woman showing fever, aphasia, right hemiparesis and seizures. neuroradiological investigation revealed unilateral cerebritis evolving in multiple abscesses. from blood and surgical drainage samples listeria monocytogenes grew in pure culture. despite decompressive craniotomy, the patient died two months after hospital admission.201223299068
extraction of cell wall-bound teichoic acids and surface proteins from listeria monocytogenes.gram-positive bacteria contain a cell wall consisting of a thick peptidoglycan layer decorated with surface proteins and polysaccharide-based polymers. the latter include the wall teichoic acids (wtas), which are anionic glycopolymers covalently linked to the peptidoglycan matrix. they are constituted by a long backbone containing sugars of various sizes (trioses to hexoses) which can be reduced (polyols as in listeria) or oxidized (uronic acids) and can undergo a variety of species- or often st ...201323299742
listeria monocytogenes inoculation protects mice against blood-stage plasmodium yoelii infection.listeria monocytogenes (lm) has been used as the adjuvant or vector for tumor and viral vaccine for its capability of eliciting all aspects of cell-mediated immunity including t cell activation and interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) production. these effector components play critical roles in the protection against plasmodium infection in both human malaria and mouse models. therefore, immune response induced by lm infection may benefit the defense against malaria. to test this hypothesis, we employed blo ...201323303295
what is the incubation period for listeriosis?listeriosis is a foodborne infection with a low incidence but a high case fatality rate. unlike common foodborne diseases, the incubation period can be long. the first incubation periods were documented during a large listeriosis outbreak published in 1987 by linnan and al. in the new england journal of medicine (range: 3 days to 70 days). data on the incubation period of listeriosis are scarce. our study aim was to estimate precisely the incubation period of listeriosis using available data sin ...201323305174
antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of monofloral bee pollen.the main aim of this study was to determine antioxidant properties and antibacterial activity of monofloral bee pollen samples to pathogenic bacteria. these samples were collected in different localities in slovakia. the antioxidant properties of examined plant species were different and decreasing in the following order: brassica napus subsp. napus l > papaver somniferum l. > helianthus annuus l. the antimicrobial effect of the bee product samples were tested by using the agar well diffusion me ...201323305281
ampkα1: a glucose sensor that controls cd8 t-cell memory.the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (ampk) is activated by antigen receptor signals and energy stress in t cells. in many cell types, ampk can maintain energy homeostasis and can enforce quiescence to limit energy demands. we consequently evaluated the importance of ampk for controlling the transition of metabolically active effector cd8 t lymphocytes to the metabolically quiescent catabolic memory t cells during the contraction phase of the immune response. we show that ampkα1 ...201323310952
antilisterial properties of marinades during refrigerated storage and microwave oven reheating against post-cooking inoculated chicken breast meat.this study evaluated growth of listeria monocytogenes inoculated on cooked chicken meat with different marinades and survival of the pathogen as affected by microwave oven reheating. during aerobic storage at 7 °c, on days 0, 1, 2, 4, and 7, samples were reheated by microwave oven (1100 w) for 45 or 90 s and analyzed microbiologically. l. monocytogenes counts on nonmarinated (control) samples increased (p < 0.05) from 2.7 ± 0.1 (day-0) to 6.9 ± 0.1 (day-7) log cfu/g during storage. initial (day- ...201323311403
new data, strategies, and insights for listeria monocytogenes dose-response models: summary of an interagency workshop, 2011.listeria monocytogenes is a leading cause of hospitalization, fetal loss, and death due to foodborne illnesses in the united states. a quantitative assessment of the relative risk of listeriosis associated with the consumption of 23 selected categories of ready-to-eat foods, published by the u.s. department of health and human services and the u.s. department of agriculture in 2003, has been instrumental in identifying the food products and practices that pose the greatest listeriosis risk and h ...201323311571
development of a random genomic dna microarray for the detection and identification of listeria monocytogenes in milk.we developed a dna microarray that contains random genomic dna fragments of listeria monocytogenes, validated its diagnostic abilities using cells grown in laboratory media and milk, and established enrichment conditions for detection of a low population of l. monocytogenes in milk. genomic dna of l. monocytogenes strain atcc 19111 was fractionated by agarose gel electrophoresis after being cleaved using several different pairs of restriction enzymes. sixty dna fragments of different sizes were ...201323313851
examination of food chain-derived listeria monocytogenes strains of different serotypes reveals considerable diversity in inla genotypes, mutability, and adaptation to cold temperatures.listeria monocytogenes strains belonging to serotypes 1/2a and 4b are frequently linked to listeriosis. while inla mutations leading to premature stop codons (pmscs) and attenuated virulence are common in 1/2a, they are rare in serotype 4b. we observed pmscs in 35% of l. monocytogenes isolates (n = 54) recovered from the british columbia food supply, including serotypes 1/2a (30%), 1/2c (100%), and 3a (100%), and a 3-codon deletion (amino acid positions 738 to 740) seen in 57% of 4b isolates fro ...201323315746
quantification of the extracellular matrix of the listeria monocytogenes biofilms of different phylogenic lineages with optimization of culture conditions.the purpose of this study was to quantify the extracellular matrix of listeria monocytogenes biofilm. a preliminary study was carried out to establish a relationship between phylogenetic lineage of 27 strains and their ability to form biofilm in various conditions.201323317349
bactericidal activities of health-promoting, food-derived powders against the foodborne pathogens escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica, and staphylococcus aureus.we evaluated the relative bactericidal activities (ba(50) ) of 10 presumed health-promoting food-based powders (nutraceuticals) and, for comparison, selected known components against the following foodborne pathogens: escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica, listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus. the relative activities were evaluated using quantitative bactericidal activity [(ba(50) value, defined as the percentage of the sample in the assay mixture that resulted in a 50% decr ...201323317422
consumer method to control salmonella and listeria species in shrimp.the purpose of this study was to determine whether the current consumer method of boiling shrimp until floating and pink in color is adequate for destroying listeria and salmonella. shrimp samples were submerged in bacterial suspensions of listeria and salmonella for 30 min and allowed to air dry for 1 h under a biosafety cabinet. color parameters were then measured with a spectrophotometer programmed with the cielab system. twenty-four shrimp samples were divided into groups (days 0, 1, or 2) a ...201323317857
low potential virulence associated with mutations in the inla and prfa genes in listeria monocytogenes isolated from raw retail poultry meat.packaged raw foods can represent a potential source of listeria monocytogenes contamination when opened at home, and listeriosis is associated with the consumption of undercooked raw foods. the aim of this study was to characterize a group of l. monocytogenes strains isolated from 56 packages of raw chicken meat from a single brand in order to determine the diversity of the strains that dominate in a particular food over time, as well as their pathogenic potential. forty (71%) samples were found ...201323317868
inhibitory effect of cinnamon powder on pathogen growth in laboratory media and oriental-style rice cakes (sulgidduk).there has been an increasing interest in the use of natural plant materials as alternative food preservatives. we examined the antimicrobial effects of natural plant materials used as additives against foodborne pathogens in laboratory media and sulgidduk, oriental-style rice cakes. cinnamon, mugwort, and garlic powder solutions (3%) were tested for their antimicrobial activities against pathogens in laboratory media. sulgidduk prepared with different amounts of cinnamon powder (1, 3, and 6%) wa ...201323317869
microglial activation and expression of immune-related genes in a rat ex vivo nervous system model after infection with listeria monocytogenes.a wide variety of microorganisms has previously been identified as causes of brain infection. among them, listeria monocytogenes has a particular tropism for the central nervous system. to gain knowledge about the immune response elicited by l. monocytogenes in the brain, we used a rat ex vivo organotypic nervous system culture as a model for listeria infection. scanning electron microscopy (sem) revealed that activated microglial cells showing a typical amoeboid morphology are quickly recruited ...201323322603
[invasive listeriosis in valencian community, spain, during the period 2008-2010].listeria monocytogenes is an uncommon cause of disease, although in certain age groups (infants, elderly, pregnant women and immunocompromised) may be an important cause of meningoencephalitis, and bacteremia. the aim of this study was to detect the incidence of invasive listeriosis cases found in valencia during a period of 3 years.201223325139
in vitro characterization of aggregation and adhesion properties of viable and heat-killed forms of two probiotic lactobacillus strains and interaction with foodborne zoonotic bacteria, especially campylobacter jejuni.bacterial aggregation and/or adhesion are key factors for colonization of the digestive ecosystem and the ability of probiotic strains to exclude pathogens. in the present study, two probiotic strains, lactobacillus rhamnosus cncm-i-3698 and lactobacillus farciminis cncm-i-3699, were evaluated as viable or heat-killed forms and compared with probiotic reference lactobacillus strains (lb. rhamnosus gg and lb. farciminis cip 103136). the autoaggregation potential of both forms was higher than that ...201323329323
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