Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| gene analysis of reassortant influenza virus by rt-pcr followed by restriction enzyme digestion. | an amplification system for nearly full length cdna coding the eight influenza virus segments of a type (h1n1, h2n2, h3n2) and b type influenza viruses is described. each of the segments of pb1, pb2, pa, np, m, and ns can be amplified using one 5' primer and one 3' primer for a-type influenza viruses. the rt-pcr amplification system was applied to define the gene composition of three subtype cold-recombinant, live attenuated influenza viruses. each segment of the attenuated influenza virus could ... | 1996 | 8882646 |
| pathogenicity of three avian influenza viruses for leghorn hens of different ages. | pronounced host effects on clinical responses to influenza virus infection were not observed in any of seven trials in which young (26-43 weeks) and olf (65-94 weeks) leghorn hens were inoculated with low pathogenic subtype h5n2, h4n8, or h3n2 virus. in two of seven trials, where hens were infected with h4n8 or h3n2 virus, morbidity rates were slightly higher for old hens than for young hens. these observations indicate that host age effects of the severity of uncomplicated influenza virus infec ... | 1996 | 8883807 |
| [an outbreak of influenza a (h3n2) among hospitalized geriatric patients]. | an outbreak of influenza a (h3n2) in a hospital where almost 90% of the inpatients are aged over 70 years is described. an increase of febrile episodes was seen during the period from january 29th to march 17th, 1992 in two of six wards paired sera, at the onset of fever and more than two weeks later, were obtained from patients in sixty-five episodes. serum antibody titer to influenza a (h3n2) elevated over four times in 39 (60%) of 65. influenza a (h3n2) virus was also isolated from seven pati ... | 1996 | 8890547 |
| emergence of avian h1n1 influenza viruses in pigs in china. | avian influenza a viruses from asia are recognized as the source of genes that reassorted with human viral genes to generate the asian/57 (h2n2) and hong kong/68 (h3n2) pandemic strains earlier in this century. here we report the genetic analysis of avian influenza a h1n1 viruses recently isolated from pigs in southern china, a host suspected to generate new pandemic strains through gene reassortment events. each of the eight gene segments was of avian origin. phylogenetic analysis indicates tha ... | 1996 | 8892928 |
| molecular and immunological characterization of soluble aggregated a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) influenza haemagglutinin expressed in insect cells. | a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2)-derived cdna coding for a secreted haemagglutinin (ha0s) was cloned into the polyhedrin promoter-based pvl1392 transfer vector, and a recombinant baculovirus was isolated. 5 to 10 micrograms/ml of secreted ha were obtained following infection of spodoptera frugiperda-9 cells. gel filtration revealed the presence in the cell supernatant of immunoreactive ha molecules with varying m(r). the high m(r) fraction (aha0s) could be purified by matrex cellufine sulphate and lentil- ... | 1996 | 8893793 |
| theoretical grounds and experimental confirmation of the antiviral effect of the preparation ukrain. | the preparation ukrain was studied in order to confirm its theoretically substantiated properties in comparison with amitozin as its structural and functional analogue, and two other functional analogues, namely methisazone (against herpesvirus and poxvirus) and remantadine (against grippevirus). the experiments were carried out on albino swiss mice of either sex weighing initially 18-20 g. they were kept at room temperature (20-21 degrees c) on a natural day-night cycle, were housed in groups o ... | 1996 | 8899334 |
| evaluation of a protective immunity induced by an inactivated influenza h3n2 vaccine after an intratracheal challenge of pigs. | a challenge study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of an inactivated influenza h3n2 virus vaccine combined with quil a/alhydrogel mixture under controlled conditions in piglets. twenty-four piglets from 12 sows were allocated to 2 groups; injected intramuscularly with 2 doses of the tested vaccine or with pbs at 2 wk intervals and challenged intratracheally with 105tcid50 of the h3n2 swine influenza virus 6 d after the 2nd immunization. clinical and virological parameters were r ... | 1996 | 8904668 |
| cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses of infants after natural infection or immunization with live cold-recombinant or inactivated influenza a virus vaccine. | the cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response of infants after immunization with either inactivated trivalent subvirion vaccine (tiv) or bivalent attenuated cold-recombinant (cr) vaccine or occurrence of natural influenza virus infection were compared in a blinded, placebo-controlled study during the 1987-1988 and 1988-1989 influenza epidemic seasons. healthy infants between 6 and 13 months of age were randomly assigned and administered a single dose of intranasal bivalent (a/h3n2/a/h1n1) cr vaccine ... | 1996 | 8915874 |
| large sequential outbreaks caused by influenza a (h3n2) and b viruses in an institution for the mentally handicapped. | during the mixed epidemic caused by influenza a (h3n2) and b in the 1992-1993 season in japan, large sequential outbreaks occurred in an institution for mentally handicapped people where none of the residents or staff members had been immunized. during the influenza a outbreak (a/ beijing/32/92-like strain) in january, 37.0% of the residents (85/230) and 31.4% of the staff (75/239) had an influenza-like illness. during the influenza b outbreak (b/panama/45/90- and b/beijing/184/ 93-like strain) ... | 1996 | 8915877 |
| a serological survey of influenza a antibody in human and pig sera in calcutta. | a study was undertaken with a view to assess the distinct pattern of sero-prevalence of influenza a viruses in the city of calcutta population during the years of 1981-90. concurrently, based on the fact of increasing pig population, a study was carried out to establish the activity of the human influenza a virus among pigs with a view to the potential threat of emergence of a new strain of influenza a virus that may surface following co-infection with swine and human influenza a viruses. the pe ... | 1995 | 8919937 |
| surveillance of community-acquired viral infections due to respiratory viruses in rhone-alpes (france) during winter 1994 to 1995. | nasal swab from patients with acute flu-like illness were evaluated for the presence of respiratory viruses in the rhone-alpes region of france from 1 october 1994 through 2 may 1995. the relative frequencies and seasonal distributions of the specific viruses were assessed. in addition, virus type was correlated with specific clinical signs and symptoms. during the study, 962 samples were collected by 75 medical practitioners participating in the groupe regional d'observation de la grippe survei ... | 1996 | 8940439 |
| protective effect of adenylate deaminase (from penicillium lanoso-viride) against acute infections in mice. | we examined the effects of the immunomodulator-adenylate deaminase (e.c. 3.5.4.6) from penicillium lanoso-viride on experimental mice infections. prophylactic intraperitoneal administration of adenylate deaminase (ada) increased survival time and numbers of survivors after infection with salmonella typhimurium, pseudomonas aeruginosa and influenza a (h3n2) virus. protection against influenza virus after intranasal ada application was also observed. the influence of ada was time and dose dependen ... | 1996 | 8956980 |
| [influenza in the 1995/'96 season; vaccine composition for the 1996/'97 season]. | the 1995/'96 season in the netherlands was marked by an influenza a/h3n2 epidemic that peaked in week 5i. in this week, 39 patients with influenza-like illness per 10,000 inhabitants contacted the sentinel physicians. with two exceptions, influenza a/h3n2 viruses exclusively were isolated during this epidemic period. in the first few months of 1996, a substantial number of influenza a/h1n1 and influenza b viruses were isolated as well. serological characterization of the circulating viruses reve ... | 1996 | 8965944 |
| antiviral activity of influenza virus m1 zinc finger peptides. | matrix protein (m1) of influenza virus inhibits its own polymerase; this suggested that a peptide segment of m1 with inhibitory properties could serve as an antiviral agent. a peptide synthesized to the zn2+ finger region of the m1 sequence of influenza virus strain a/pr/8/34 centered around amino acids residues 148 to 166 was shown earlier to be 1,000-fold more effective as a polymerase inhibitor than m1. this peptide, designated peptide 6, represents a zn2+ finger which includes a 7-residue "l ... | 1996 | 8970989 |
| influenza surveillance in england and wales: october 1995 to june 1996. | this report summarises information collected for the surveillance of influenza virus infection in england and wales from october 1995 to june 1996 (weeks 40/95 to 25/96). total respiratory disease' activity, as reported by the birmingham research unit of the royal college of general practitioners, rose to peaks in weeks 48/95, 51/95, and 01/96. the first peak coincided with a peak in "influenza and flu-like illness'. the subsequent peaks were accounted for by an increase in reports of acute bron ... | 1996 | 8972979 |
| expression of il-6, il-8, and rantes on human bronchial epithelial cells, nci-h292, induced by influenza virus a. | bronchial epithelial cells are primary sites of airway viral infection, and these cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. it has recently been reported that bronchial epithelial cells express rantes. rantes attracts monocytes, t cells, eosinophils, and basophils; it can also activate eosinophils. to determine whether viral infection induces rantes expression on bronchial epithelial cells, we infected a bronchial epithelial cell line, nci-h292, with influenza ... | 1996 | 8977509 |
| possible correlation between low antigenic drift of a(h1n1) influenza viruses and induction of hi antibodies. | this study examined whether, during a seven-year period of low a(h1n1) influenza virus antigenic drift (1988-1989 and 1994-1995, winters), humoral antibody response of elderly volunteers to influenza vaccines could suggest a lack of antibody pressure for drift. in all the years studied a/taiwan/1/86, the a(h1n1) vaccine component, had a low ability to induce protective hemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibody titres (> or = 1:40). however a similar low immunogenicity was found for some of the d ... | 1996 | 8982618 |
| modulating the expression of some biological membrane glycoconjugates by a nocardia opaca fraction. | by some hemagglutination (ha) studies it was proved that nld (the lysozyme digest fraction of nocardia opaca) interacts with the sendai virus envelope glycoproteic receptors, but not with those of the beijing 353/89 h3n2) influenza virus. very likely the inhibition is due to the presence of some gal lectins in nld: the erythrocytes agglutinability (by the sendai virus and by the beijing 353/89 h3n2) influenza virus is enhanced by their incubation with galactose. | 1995 | 8993122 |
| mechanisms of heterosubtypic immunity to lethal influenza a virus infection in fully immunocompetent, t cell-depleted, beta2-microglobulin-deficient, and j chain-deficient mice. | immunity that is cross-protective between different influenza a virus subtypes (termed heterosubtypic immunity) can be demonstrated readily in some animals but only rarely in humans. induction of heterosubtypic immunity in humans by vaccines would provide public health benefit, perhaps offering some protection against pandemics or other new influenza a strains. therefore, we studied mechanisms mediating heterosubtypic immunity in mice. immunization with either a/h1n1 or a/h3n2 virus protected mi ... | 1997 | 9013963 |
| temperature sensitive mutants of influenza a virus generated by reverse genetics and clustered charged to alanine mutagenesis. | temperature sensitive (ts) mutants of influenza a virus have the potential to serve as live attenuated (att) virus vaccines. previously, ts mutants were isolated by chemical mutagenesis or arose spontaneously, and most likely contained point mutations in one or more genes. while sufficiently attenuated, even the most genetically stable of these viruses was found to revert to a more virulent form in a seronegative vaccinee. recently developed technology, however, allows the introduction of engine ... | 1996 | 9029775 |
| the hemagglutination inhibition antibody responses to an inactivated influenza vaccine among healthy adults: with special reference to the prevaccination antibody and its interaction with age. | the immunogenicity of the trivalent split-virus influenza vaccine was investigated among 70 healthy adults (mean age: 48.5, range: 36-68). the vaccine antigens were: a/yamagata/32/89 (h1n1); a/beijing/352/89 (h3n2); and b/bangkok/163/90. regarding the entire sample, the vaccine induced a tenfold or more rise on the average in the hemagglutination inhibition (hai) antibody to each antigen. the response rates (greater than or equal to a fourfold rise) were about 90% or more among those with a prev ... | 1996 | 9032887 |
| effect of influenza immunization on immunologic and virologic characteristics of pediatric patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | we evaluated the responses of hiv-infected children to a single dose of split-virus influenza vaccine and the relationship to viral load and other characteristics. | 1997 | 9041601 |
| influenza surveillance--united states, 1992-93 and 1993-94. | cdc conducts active surveillance annually from october through may on the emergence and spread of influenza virus variants and the impact of influenza-related morbidity and mortality. influenza activity is also monitored throughout the year by passive surveillance. | 1997 | 9043091 |
| in vivo anti-influenza virus activity of a zinc finger peptide. | matrix protein (m1) is a major structural protein of influenza virus, and it inhibits its own polymerase. a 19-amino-acid peptide, corresponding to a zinc finger region of the m1 sequence of influenza virus strain a/pr/8/34 (h1n1), centered around amino acids 148 to 166, was synthesized. this peptide, designated peptide 6, represents a zinc finger which includes a 7-amino-acid loop or finger and a 4-amino-acid tail at the carboxyl terminus, in addition to the 8 amino acids involved in the coordi ... | 1997 | 9056014 |
| preferential selection of receptor-binding variants of influenza virus hemagglutinin by the neutralizing antibody repertoire of transgenic mice expressing a human immunoglobulin mu minigene. | an analysis was made of the neutralizing antibody repertoire, for influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) of transgenic mice expressing a human immunoglobulin mu (igh) minigene, by monoclonal antibody (mab) selection and sequencing of the ha genes of x31 (h3n2 subtype) laboratory variants. whereas previously reported laboratory variants, selected in ovo with high-affinity murine mabs of the igg class, differed from wild-type virus by a single amino acid residue change in one of the major antigenic si ... | 1997 | 9060611 |
| [efficacy of nasal influenza vaccine combined with escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit containing a trace amount of the holotoxin in healthy volunteers]. | we conducted a field trial to evaluate the efficacy of nasal influenza vaccine combined with escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit (ltb) containing a trace amount of the holotoxin (lt) in preventing or attenuating influenza among volunteers during the winter season of 1994-1995. a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, composed of a/yamagata/32/89 (h1n1), a/kitakyusyu/159/93 (h2n2) and b/mie/1/93 influenza virus strains, was administered intranasally together with recombinant ltb ... | 1997 | 9077073 |
| experimental infections with some pneumotropic viruses in the mouse. note i. virological and pathomorphological aspects of the associated infections with influenza virus, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. | in white mice, the associated infections with the influenza virus type a(h3n2), the adenovirus type 3 and the long strain of the respiratory syncytial virus, detected by the appearance of homologous serum antibodies and by positive i.f. reactions in pulmonary tissue, induce histological, histochemical and histo-enzymatic lesions, the severity of which exceeds that of the lesions in animals infected with only one of the mentioned viruses. in comparison with the morphological picture in animals in ... | 1995 | 9106398 |
| a study of influenza a virus in the city of calcutta, india, high lighting the strain prevalence. | a decade wide (from 1981 to the end of 1993) study on incidences of influenza was carried out in the city of calcutta, india, by virus isolation and strain identification. over 3500 patients with acute respiratory infections were examined and 1950 throat swab specimens were inoculated in embryonated chicken eggs. only 339 haemagglutinating agents were isolated, which comprised 233 strains of influenza a virus. one hundred forty six (62.66%) of these strains were identified as h3n2, eighty one as ... | 1996 | 9127483 |
| induction of protective immunity against influenza virus in a macaque model: comparison of conventional and iscom vaccines. | cynomolgus macaque monkeys (macaca fascicularis) were immunized twice intramuscularly, either with a conventional non-adjuvanted subunit vaccine or with a candidate immune-stimulating complex (iscom) vaccine, each containing 10 micrograms envelope glycoprotein of a recent human influenza a(h3n2) virus (a/netherlands/18/94). in contrast to the macaques vaccinated with the classical subunit vaccine, those immunized with the iscom vaccine developed high titres of specific igm, iga and igg serum ant ... | 1997 | 9129647 |
| expression of cytokines on human bronchial epithelial cells induced by influenza virus a. | bronchial epithelial cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of some inflammatory diseases of bronchial mucosa. epithelial-cell-derived cytokines are important in the elucidation of the mechanism by which airway inflammation occurs, especially in respiratory virus infection, because these cells are the primary sites of viral infection. we infected bronchial epithelial cells, nci-h292, with influenza virus a (h3n2) and examined the concentrations of cytokines, interleukin-6 (il-6), il-8 ... | 1997 | 9130560 |
| surfactant protein a, but not surfactant protein d, is an opsonin for influenza a virus phagocytosis by rat alveolar macrophages. | surfactant protein a (sp-a) and surfactant protein d (sp-d) are collectins, and both proteins were shown to interact with influenza a virus and alveolar macrophages. however, it is not known whether sp-a and sp-d can serve as opsonins for the phagocytosis of influenza a virus by alveolar macrophages. in the present study, we investigated the opsonic activities of sp-a and sp-d for phagocytosis of fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labeled influenza a (h3n2) virus by rat alveolar macrophages using ... | 1997 | 9130640 |
| response to influenza virus vaccination in vertical hiv infection. | to assess the antibody response to influenza vaccine of children vertically infected with hiv. | 1997 | 9135261 |
| typing and subtyping clinical isolates of influenza virus using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | influenza virus infections are a major cause of morbidity and the identification of the type or subtype of a clinical isolate has important clinical and epidemiological implications. | 1996 | 9137863 |
| analysis of influenza a h3n2 strains isolated in england during 1995-1996 using polymerase chain reaction restriction. | a polymerase chain reaction-restriction (pcr-restriction) endonuclease assay was developed to allow rapid analysis of influenza a h3n2 viruses circulating in england during 1995-1996. restriction endonuclease digestion with two enzymes of amplicons derived from pcr of the ha1 portion of the influenza haemagglutinin (ha) gene was able to differentiate antigenically similar influenza strains into two groups. group i variants were similar genetically to the 1995/96 vaccine strain, a/johannesburg/33 ... | 1997 | 9139090 |
| cytokines and impaired cd8+ ctl activity among elderly persons and the enhancing effect of il-12. | we have previously demonstrated that about 70% of elderly persons exhibit deficient cytotoxic t lymphocyte (cd8+ ctl) responses against influenza viruses when compared to young persons. since ifn-gamma, a th1 cytokine and il-4, a th2 cytokine, stimulate and inhibit cd8+ ctl responses respectively, their role(s) in the age-related ctl deficiency was investigated. lymphocytes from young adults (34 +/- 5 years old) and elderly subjects (71 +/- 1 years old) were stimulated in vitro with influenza a/ ... | 1997 | 9147358 |
| changes in the hemagglutinin molecule of influenza type a (h3n2) virus associated with increased virulence for mice. | the h3n2 influenza virus a/philippines/82 (phil82) and its bovine serum-resistant mutant, phil82/bs, were used to investigate factors that influence virulence of influenza virus for mice. phil82/bs, which lacks the high-mannose oligosaccharide at residue 165 of the hemagglutinin (ha) molecule, was found to replicate to a much higher titer in mouse lung than the parent phil82, and had acquired lethality for mice. further adaptation of phil82/bs by sequential lung passage in mice yielded a strain ... | 1997 | 9155874 |
| immune receptor repertoire for influenza haemagglutinin. | an extensive analysis was made of receptor specificity and gene usage in the neutralising antibody (mab) and class ii-restricted t cell responses to influenza haemagglutinin (ha) following natural infection of mhc (h-2(k) or h-2(d)) congenic mice with x31 virus (h3n2 subtype). despite the diversity of available antigenic sites on the ha1 subunit, there was striking immunodominance in the mab response as deduced by sequencing the ha genes of escape mutants and the corresponding antibody h and l c ... | 1995 | 9156578 |
| binding of the influenza a virus to cell-surface receptors: structures of five hemagglutinin-sialyloligosaccharide complexes determined by x-ray crystallography. | the structures of five complexes of the x-31 influenza a (h3n2) virus hemagglutinin with sialyloligosaccharide receptor analogs have been determined from 2.5 to 2.8 a resolution by x-ray crystallography. there is well-defined electron density for three to five saccharides in all five complexes and a striking conformational difference between two linear pentasaccharides with the same composition but different linkage [alpha(2-->6) or alpha(2-->3)] at the terminal sialic acid. the bound position o ... | 1997 | 9185585 |
| continued evolution of h1n1 and h3n2 influenza viruses in pigs in italy. | swine influenza viruses possessing avian genes were first detected in europe in 1979 (scholtissek et al., 1983, virology, 129, 521-523) and continue to circulate in pigs in that region of the world. to characterize the molecular epidemiology of swine influenza viruses currently circulating in europe, we used dot-blot hybridization and sequence analysis to determine the origin of the genes encoding the nonsurface proteins ("internal" genes) of 10 h1n1 and 11 h3n2 swine influenza viruses isolated ... | 1997 | 9191844 |
| influenza among hospitalized adults with leukemia. | influenza is one of the most important respiratory diseases of mankind, yet scant data exist concerning the frequency and clinical course of influenza in severely immunocompromised adults. from october 1993 to september 1994, we cultured the respiratory secretions of all adults with leukemia who were hospitalized with an acute respiratory illness at the university of texas m.d. anderson cancer center in houston. during a 9-week period from 29 november 1993 to 29 january 1994, influenza virus typ ... | 1997 | 9195063 |
| avian influenza a viruses differ from human viruses by recognition of sialyloligosaccharides and gangliosides and by a higher conservation of the ha receptor-binding site. | avian influenza virus strains representing most hemagglutinin (ha) subtypes were compared with human influenza a (h1n1,h3n2) and b virus isolates, including those with no history of passaging in embryonated hen's eggs, for their ability to bind free n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac) and sialylollgosaccharides in a competitive binding assay and to attach to gangliosides in a solid-phase adsorption assay. the avian viruses, irrespective of their ha subtype, showed a higher affinity for sialyl-3-lac ... | 1997 | 9201232 |
| humoral and cellular immune responses following vaccination with purified recombinant hemagglutinin from influenza a (h3n2) virus. | adults were immunized with either baculovirus-expressed, purified recombinant hemagglutinin (rha) from influenza a/beijing/32/92 (h3n2) virus or saline placebo and evaluated for humoral and in vitro cellular immune responses. compared with responses in placebo recipients, vaccinees had greater postvaccination h3(beijing/32) ha (h3)-specific lymphoproliferation and interleukin (il)-2, il-10, and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) production. mean increases in the production of il-10 (> or = 20-fold) an ... | 1997 | 9203655 |
| adjuvant activity of the heat-labile enterotoxin from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli for oral administration of inactivated influenza virus vaccine. | alternative strategies for vaccination against influenza that elicit both systemic antibody and mucosal iga responses are needed to improve the efficacy in protection against infection. this study demonstrated that oral delivery of inactivated influenza vaccine with the heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli elicited the spectrum of humoral and cell-mediated responses in balb/c mice critical for the protection and recovery from influenza virus infection. coadministrat ... | 1997 | 9203656 |
| vitamin e supplementation decreases lung virus titers in mice infected with influenza. | effects of vitamin e (e) supplementation on influenza infection were examined in young and old c57bl/6nia mice fed 30 or 500 ppm of e for 6 weeks and subsequently infected with influenza a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2). old mice fed 30 ppm of e had significantly higher lung virus titers on days 2 and 7 after infection than young mice fed 30 ppm of e. titers on all 3 days were significantly lower in old mice fed 500 ppm of e than in those fed 30 ppm. significant effects of e on lung virus titers in y ... | 1997 | 9207381 |
| combined protective effect of an immunostimulatory bacterial preparation and rimantadine in experimental influenza a virus infection. | the protective effect of an immunostimulatory bacterial preparation, cytoplasmic membranes of escherichia coli wf stable protoplast type l-forms (cm) alone and in combination with the selective antiviral drug rimantadine was evaluated in experimental influenza a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) virus infection in mice. in sublethal infection, cm administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 7 days before virus exposure in a single dose of 25 mg/kg did not reduce significantly the virus lung titers. in lethal infection ... | 1997 | 9219635 |
| time to earliest peak serum antibody response to influenza vaccine in the elderly. | the earliest time at which serum antibody levels peak following administration of an influenza virus vaccine in elderly persons is not clearly defined. we compared the time intervals of 1 and 2 weeks after vaccination. a commercial trivalent vaccine containing the hemagglutinins of influenza viruses a/texas/36/91 (h1n1), a/johannesburg/33/94 (h3n2), and b/harbin/7/94 was used. the hemagglutination inhibition (hai) antibody titers at 1 week after vaccination were significantly lower than the hai ... | 1997 | 9220171 |
| dual infections of prrsv/influenza or prrsv/actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in the respiratory tract. | to study the effect of a previous porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome-infection (prrs) of the respiratory tract on influenza virus and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (app) infections, 3-week-old specific-pathogen-free (spf) piglets were intranasally infected with prrs virus. one week later, when the lung alveolar macrophages of prrsv infected pigs were lowest in number, a second infection was applied by intranasal aerosol of influenza virus h3n2 or by endobronchial instillation of a m ... | 1997 | 9220621 |
| long term trends in the evolution of h(3) ha1 human influenza type a. | we have studied the ha1 domain of 254 human influenza a(h3n2) virus genes for clues that might help identify characteristics of hemagglutinins (has) of circulating strains that are predictive of that strain's epidemic potential. our preliminary findings include the following. (i) the most parsimonious tree found requires 1,260 substitutions of which 712 are silent and 548 are replacement substitutions. (ii) the ha1 portion of the ha gene is evolving at a rate of 5.7 nucleotide substitutions/year ... | 1997 | 9223253 |
| role of gamma delta tcr+ lymphocytes in the augmented resistance of trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate-treated mice to influenza virus infection. | trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (tdm), an immunomodulator, potentiates non-specific resistance in mice to influenza virus infection. when mice were injected intravenously with tdm, the striking proliferation of a minority of t-lymphocytes bearing gamma/delta t-cell receptors (gamma delta t-cells) that accumulated in granulomatous lungs was thought to be associated with the maintenance of acquired resistance to lethal influenza virus infection. to clarify the cellular basis of the defence against influ ... | 1997 | 9225035 |
| multiplex reverse transcription-pcr for surveillance of influenza a and b viruses in england and wales in 1995 and 1996. | multiple-target (multiplex) reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) for detection, typing, and subtyping of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza type a (h3n2 and h1n1) and type b viruses was developed and applied prospectively to virological surveillance of influenza in england in the 1995-1996 winter season. during this season both influenza a h3n2 and h1n1 viruses were circulating, although at different times. six hundred nineteen combined nose and throat swabs taken by general practitioners in sent ... | 1997 | 9230385 |
| epidemiology of influenza virus infections in children with acute respiratory infections in zambia. | a viral aetiological and epidemiological study of acute respiratory infections (ari) in children was carried out in lusaka, zambia between june 1993 and september 1995. a total of 3,760 throat swab specimens were collected for virus isolation from children under 5 years of age who had ari and were attending three health centres in lusaka. between june and november 1993, 52 cases of the influenza a/h3n2 viruses were isolated. between may and july 1994, 34 influenza b cases were isolated. in 1995, ... | 1997 | 9230973 |
| perspectives on pandemics: a research agenda. | during the 20th century, indisputable pandemics of influenza occurred in 1918, 1957, and 1968. the pandemics of 1957 (a/h2n2) and 1968 (a/h3n2) were associated with major antigenic changes in the virus, probably reflecting introduction by recombination of animal virus genes. the 1918 epidemic is beyond the reach of modern virology but, based on seroarcheology, appears to have been caused by a virus very similar to present swine (a/h1n1) influenza viruses. changes in both principal antigens of th ... | 1997 | 9240691 |
| [prophylactic effect of black tea extract as gargle against influenza]. | we examined whether gargling with black tea prevents influenza infection. tests were carried out during a five month period (october 1992 to march 1993). the control group that followed their normal daily routine, whereas the test group that gargled with 0.5 w/v% black tea extract twice daily (at 8 a.m. and 5 p.m.). influenza viruses were isolated from influenza patients and an antigen analysis was carried out. as a result, two strains of influenza a viruses (h3n2) and ten strains of b virus wer ... | 1997 | 9248263 |
| amantadine susceptibility in influenza a virus isolates: determination methods and lack of resistance in a canadian sample, 1991-94. | influenza a infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly and patients affected by chronic diseases or immunodeficiencies. treatment and prevention of infection in hospitals and nursing homes often involve the use of amantadine, but resistant viruses may arise. | 1997 | 9248657 |
| different progress of mdck cell death after infection by two different influenza virus isolates. | the effect of influenza strains a (h3n2) and b, isolated during the seasons of 1994 and 1995 in the czech republic, on mdck cells was studied. various concentrations of virus and conditions of nutrition were used during the cell culture. the virus replication and consequently fragmentation of genomic dna together with cytotoxicity were investigated in the absence and presence of 10 per cent calf serum. virus replication, regardless of type a or b, caused earlier dna fragmentation in comparison t ... | 1997 | 9253160 |
| influenza virus neutralizing antibodies and igg isotype profiles after immunization of mice with influenza a subunit vaccine using various adjuvants. | the influence of various adjuvants on the development of influenza virus neutralizing antibodies and distribution of anti-influenza virus igg isotypes after immunization of mice with influenza a (h3n2) subunit vaccine was investigated. serum titres of influenza virus neutralizing antibodies and titres of influenza specific igg isotypes were determined by a neutralization enzyme immunoassay (n-eia) and a cell-associated antigen enzyme immunoassay (ca-eia), respectively. serum antibody titres as m ... | 1997 | 9261954 |
| an influenza a live attenuated reassortant virus possessing three temperature-sensitive mutations in the pb2 polymerase gene rapidly loses temperature sensitivity following replication in hamsters. | the purpose of the present study was to produce an influenza a h2n2 donor virus from which an attenuating pb2 gene bearing three discrete temperature sensitive (ts) mutations could be readily transferred to currently epidemic influenza a h1n1 and h3n2 viruses via genetic reassortment. an influenza a transfectant virus was first produced that contained site-directed ts mutations at amino acids 112, 265, and 556 in the pb2 gene of influenza a/aa/60 virus origin in a background of the other seven r ... | 1997 | 9302747 |
| [the immunoprophylaxis of influenza among elderly persons]. | during three seasons at the period of 1992-1996 immunization of elderly persons, living in homes for old people, against influenza with inactivated influenza vaccine (iiv) was carried out. altogether 856 persons were immunized intranasally, 581 persons constituting the control group. for comparison, 4,825 healthy young adults aged 18-24 years were immunized under similar conditions. the study revealed that the intranasal immunization of elderly persons with iiv, made in two administrations, was ... | 1997 | 9304332 |
| influenza infection of beta 2-microglobulin-deficient (beta 2m-/-) mice reveals a loss of cd4+ t cell functions with aging. | following influenza infection, aged mice have prolonged viral shedding that is presumably due to lower anti-influenza class i-restricted cd8+ ctl activity. to examine alternative viral clearance mechanisms in immunosenescense, we infected young (1.5-2.5 month) and aged (15-18 month) class i and cd8+-deficient beta 2m-/- mice with influenza a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2). we found that 40% of young beta 2m-/- mice were shedding virus from the lung on day 9 (mean titer of 0.3 log10 tcid[50]), with a ... | 1997 | 9317144 |
| collectin-mediated antiviral host defense of the lung: evidence from influenza virus infection of mice. | collagenous lectins (collectins) present in mammalian serum and pulmonary fluids bind to influenza virus and display antiviral activity in vitro, but their role in vivo has yet to be determined. we have used early and late isolates of h3n2 subtype influenza viruses that differ in their degree of glycosylation to examine the relationship between sensitivity to murine serum and pulmonary lectins in vitro and the ability of a virus to replicate in the respiratory tract of mice. a marked inverse cor ... | 1997 | 9343171 |
| serum amyloid p component binds to influenza a virus haemagglutinin and inhibits the virus infection in vitro. | serum amyloid p component (sap) is a member of the phylogenetically conserved and structurally related group of proteins called pentraxins. sap exhibits multispecific calcium-dependent binding to oligosaccharides with terminal n-acetyl-galactosamine, mannose and glucuronic acid. the authors report that sap can bind to influenza a virus and inhibit agglutination of erythrocytes mediated by the virus subtypes h1n1, h2n2 and h3n2. sap also inhibits the production of haemagglutinin (ha) an the cytop ... | 1997 | 9350282 |
| enhancement of in vivo anti-influenza virus activity of 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone by drug delivery system using hydroxypropyl cellulose. | enhancement of in vivo antiviral activity of 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone (f36) against h3n2 subtype of influenza a virus by drug delivery system (dds) with hydroxypropyl cellulose (hpc) was studied. although in the absence of hpc f36 (0.5 mg/kg) showed no antiviral activity against mouse-adapted influenza virus a/guizhou/54/89 (h3n2) in mice, when f36 solution containing hpc was administered intranasally 5 min after the virus inoculation, proliferation of the virus in both nasal and bronc ... | 1997 | 9353569 |
| [prevention and control of influenza infection in the elderly in japan--special emphasis on high risk group patients]. | these days, in the japanese society the aged group which involve the high risk group patients has grown rapidly. in japan, at present small epidemics of a hong kong (h3n2) and a soviet (h1n1) influenza have occurred and influenza b has concurrent infection. however asian type a (h2n2) virus disappeared since 1968. if asian strain appeared again, most people of less than thirty years old with high risk group patients would have severe infection. we are afraid of the appearance of the new type a v ... | 1997 | 9360368 |
| costimulation by b7 modulates specificity of cytotoxic t lymphocytes: a missing link that explains some bystander t cell activation. | it has been proposed that some bystander t cell activation may in fact be due to t cell antigen receptor (tcr) cross-reactivity that is too low to be detected by the effector cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl). however, this hypothesis is not supported by direct evidence since no tcr ligand is known to induce t cell proliferation and differentiation without being recognized by the effector ctl. here we report that transgenic t cells expressing a t cell receptor to influenza virus a/nt/68 nucleoprotein ... | 1997 | 9362540 |
| inhibition of several strains of influenza virus in vitro and reduction of symptoms by an elderberry extract (sambucus nigra l.) during an outbreak of influenza b panama. | a standardized elderberry extract, sambucol (sam), reduced hemagglutination and inhibited replication of human influenza viruses type a/shangdong 9/93 (h3n2), a/beijing 32/92 (h3n2), a/texas 36/91 (h1n1), a/singapore 6/86 (h1n1), type b/panama 45/90, b/yamagata 16/88, b/ann arbor 1/86, and of animal strains from northern european swine and turkeys, a/sw/ger 2/81, a/tur/ger 3/91, and a/sw/ger 8533/91 in madin-darby canine kidney cells. a placebo-controlled, double blind study was carried out on a ... | 1995 | 9395631 |
| influenza surveillance in england and wales: october 1996 to june 1997. | this report summarises information collected for the surveillance of influenza in england and wales during the winter of 1996/97. consultations for 'influenza and influenza-like illness' with sentinel general practitioners in england and wales began to increase towards the end of november and peaked at the start of january. in england, consultations for 'aggregated respiratory disease' (ard) began to increase a little earlier, perhaps as a result of increased respiratory syncytial virus activity ... | 1997 | 9447787 |
| comparison of neutralizing and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody responses to influenza a virus vaccination of human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. | a neutralization enzyme immunoassay (n-eia) was used to determine the neutralizing serum antibody titers to influenza a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1) and beijing/353/89 (h3n2) viruses after vaccination of 51 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1-infected individuals and 10 healthy noninfected controls against influenza virus infection. overall, the n-eia titers correlated well with the hemagglutination-inhibition (hai) titers that were observed in the same samples in a previous study (f. p. kroon, j. t ... | 1998 | 9455891 |
| expression of rantes by normal airway epithelial cells after influenza virus a infection. | the chemokine regulated on activation, normal t cells expressed and secreted (rantes), is a c-c chemokine and a potent chemoattractant for monocytes, t lymphocytes, basophils, and eosinophils. its expression by human airway epithelium has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. we investigated whether rantes is expressed by normal human airway epithelial cells after influenza viral infection and examined its bioactivity. epithelial cells were obtained from bronchial tissue or nasal polyps o ... | 1998 | 9476913 |
| experimental researches in infections with associated myxoviruses in the mouse. | infections with influenza virus, a/beijing 353/89 (h3n2) strain, to which there were associated parainfluenza virus type 3, 739-2d strain, adenovirus type 3, and respiratory syncytial virus long strain, were experimentally induced in white mice. the experimental models were set up so as to permit the obtaining of an associated infection with three viruses, in which the influenza virus should be inoculated the first, the participation of the others being variable, according to their presence by a ... | 1996 | 9495782 |
| some virological and pathomorphological aspects of the respiratory system in the experimental infection with respiratory syncytial virus associated with influenza virus, parainfluenza virus type 3 and adenovirus in the mouse. | infections with respiratory syncytial virus long strain, associated with influenza virus, a/beijing 353/89 (h3n2) strain, parainfluenza virus type 3, 739-2d strain, and adenovirus type 3, were experimentally induced in white mice, causing histological, histochemical and histoenzymatic lesions at the respiratory system level, the severity of which exceeded the one observed in the controls infected with a single virus. the pathomorphological changes made up an inflammatory, predominantly infiltrat ... | 1996 | 9495783 |
| isolation of influenza a(h3n2) virus with "o"-->"d" phase variation. | we report the isolation of two influenza a(h3n2) virus strains which were unable, in the first passages in mdck cell culture, to agglutinate chicken erythrocytes, though reacting with guinea pig and turkey red blood cells. this observation demonstrates that the occurrence of this phenomenon is not exclusive to influenza a(h1n1) viruses, as previously reported. in order to investigate the molecular basis of this phenomenon, we analysed the nucleotide sequence of the ha-1 region, presumed to be in ... | 1997 | 9498014 |
| [impact of influenza epidemics and efficacy of vaccination among geriatric inpatients]. | to determine the impact of influenza epidemics among geriatric inpatients and to monitor the clinical efficacy of influenza vaccination, the influenza infection rate in non-vaccinated inpatients was determined serologically and the incidence of febrile episodes and death were compared between the vaccinees and non-vaccinees hospitalized in the referred hospital from january through september, 1995. three influenza subtypes, influenza a/h1n1, a/h3n2, and b, were endemic simultaneously from januar ... | 1998 | 9503786 |
| low plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone in patients with acute influenza. | plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) and cortisol were measured in young adults with influenza virus type a (h3n2) infection for whom cultures were positive and in comparable controls without symptoms or other evidence of illness. the mean plasma acth level +/- se in 19 patients with acute influenza was 13.5 +/- 2.1 pg/ml compared with 23 +/- 3.2 pg/ml in 11 controls (p = .02). mean plasma acth levels +/- se had risen to 21 +/- 4.1 pg/ml in specimens obtained from patients during ... | 1998 | 9524849 |
| effective prophylaxis of influenza a virus pneumonia in mice by topical passive immunotherapy with polyvalent human immunoglobulins or f(ab')2 fragments. | the effectiveness of polyvalent plasma-derived human immunoglobulins (ivig) in passive immunotherapy of influenza virus pneumonia was assessed, using the strain scotland (a/scotland/74 (h3n2)) adapted to balb/c mice by repeated lung passages. haemagglutinin antibodies in two batches of ivig at 10 mg/ml had a titre of 1/16. intravenous injection of 1000-5000 microg of ivig, 3 h after infection, gave 60-70% protection, whereas intranasal injection of 25-50 microg protected 90% of mice infected wit ... | 1998 | 9528903 |
| [influenza in the 1996/'97 season; vaccine composition for the 1997/'98 season]. | the first indication of flu activity in the netherlands in the 1996/'97 season was the isolation of an a/h3n2 influenza virus in week 48 of 1996. in subsequent weeks influenza viruses were isolated sporadically. the clinical influenza activity increased from week i of 1997 and reached its peak in week 4 of 1997. simultaneously with the increase of clinical influenza activity, an increasing number of influenza viruses were isolated. the epidemic had a relatively small extent. initially, a/h3n2 in ... | 1997 | 9545718 |
| isolation of influenza c virus during an outbreak of influenza a and b viruses. | during the winter of 1996 to 1997 two cases of influenza c were confirmed, one by isolation and the second by serology (fourfold increase in hemagglutination inhibition antibodies). the cases of influenza c occurred during an outbreak of influenza a (h3n2) and b viruses. the positive isolation was from one of three throat washings sent to the laboratory, and the other case was from a group of 51 students participating in a study of influenza virus vaccination. it seems, therefore, that influenza ... | 1998 | 9574726 |
| [immune response to influenza vaccination among peritoneal dialysis patients]. | the influenza vaccination is considered useful in preventing influenza and its complications, but its efficacy is variable especially in uremia. the humoral efficacy in a group of 15 patients in peritoneal dialysis treatment has been evaluated. antibody responses were measured before vaccination and at time intervals of 1-4 months after vaccination. a good response to viruses a (a/h3n2/johannesburg 33/94, a/h1n1/singapore 6/86), respectively 80% and 66.7% and an attenuated response (20%) to viru ... | 1998 | 9578667 |
| altered antibody response to influenza h1n1 vaccine in healthy elderly people as determined by hi, elisa, and neutralization assay. | to determine the influence of ageing per se as well as of priming histories on the antibody response to influenza vaccination, haemagglutination inhibition (hi), elisa igg, iga, igm and neutralizing antibody titres were studied in 43 healthy young subjects (mean age 23 years) and 55 healthy elderly people (mean age 79 years). the hi and elisa lgg responses to the a/guizhou/54/89 strain (h3n2) for which both the young and the elderly had similar priming histories were equal. by contrast, the hi a ... | 1998 | 9580890 |
| inhibition of influenza virus infections in mice by gs4104, an orally effective influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor. | the carbocyclic transition state sialic acid analog gs4071 ([3r,4r,5s]-4-acetamido-5-amino-3-[1-ethylpropoxy]-1-cyclohexane-1 -carboxylic acid), a potent influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor, was highly inhibitory to influenza a/nws/33 (h1n1), a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2), a/shangdong/09/93 (h3n2) and b/hong kong/5/72 viruses in madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. the 50% effective concentrations in these experiments ranged from 1.8 to 59.5 microm, with no cytotoxicity evident at 1000 microm, u ... | 1998 | 9588843 |
| specificity of the n1 and n2 sialidase subtypes of human influenza a virus for natural and synthetic gangliosides. | sialyl-linkage specificity of sialidases of the human influenza a virus strains, a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) and a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) were studied using natural and synthetic gangliosides. the sialidase of the a/aichi/2/68 strain hydrolyzed the terminal neu5acalpha2-3gal sequence but not the neu5acalpha2-3 linkage on the inner gal of gm1a, which is a ganglioside that has the gangliotetraose chain (galbeta1-3galnacbeta1-4-(neu5acalpha2-3)galbeta1++ +-4glcbeta1-cer). the sialidase hydrolyzed the neu5ac on the ... | 1998 | 9592119 |
| safety and immunogenicity of low and high doses of trivalent live cold-adapted influenza vaccine administered intranasally as drops or spray to healthy children. | the safety and immunogenicity of various doses of trivalent cold-adapted influenza vaccine (caiv-t) administered intranasally by drops or spray to children aged 18-71 months was examined. caiv-t containing a/johannesburg/33/94 (h3n2), b/panama/45/90, and a/texas/36/91 (h1n1) was safe and well-tolerated. at the highest caiv-t dose, 90%, 50%, and 16% of initially seronegative subjects seroconverted to the h3n2, b, and h1n1 antigens, respectively. the lower immunologic response to the h1n1 vaccine ... | 1998 | 9593032 |
| immune response to vaccine against influenza in smokers, non-smokers and, in individuals holding respiratory complications. | levels of antibody against influenza virus were evaluated in serum pairing samples from individuals immunized against influenza by hemagglutination inhibition and single radial hemolysis tests. for this purpose, groups of smokers, non-smokers and, of those holding respiratory complications, were formed. results of serologic titrations pointed out to an increase in the level of antibodies for the smoker and non-smoker groups, with significant degrees of difference up to p < 0.001 difference betwe ... | 1998 | 9595830 |
| influenza vaccination in a healthy geriatric population: preferential induction of antibodies specific for the h3n2 influenza strain despite equal t cell responsiveness to all vaccine strains. | cellular as well as humoral immune reactivity were studied in healthy young (< 30 years; n = 12) and older (> 65 years; n = 12) individuals before as well as 1 month after immunization with a trivalent whole virus influenza vaccine. before vaccination, peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation in response to in vitro stimulation with each of the virus strains was low in both groups. no antibodies against either the h1n1 or the b strain were found in most individuals, while 91% of the young ... | 1998 | 9607030 |
| [induction of neutralizing antibodies against hiv-1 viruses in hla-dq6 mice by peptide vaccines]. | a non-immunogenic peptide in mice bearing a certain mhc molecule can be rendered immunogenic, when the peptide is introduced into an mhc-binding component (cassete theory). we applied the cassete theory to preparation of effective peptide vaccines. indeed a 46f/ha127-133/54a peptide vaccine which had been prepared by introducing hemagglutinin (127-133) of influenza virus, a/aich/2/68 (h3n2), into h-2ab-binding component derived fom pigeon cytochrom c (43-58) induced significant immunological res ... | 1998 | 9612708 |
| [an investigation of the effect of h3-h3 peptide vaccine for preventing influenza virus infection in dq6 mice]. | based on the cassette theory that a core region of an immunogenic peptide is partially replaced with peptide fragments from various pathogens without any detrimental effects to their anchoring to the particular mhc class ii molecules, we had prepared a peptide vaccine, 46f/ha127-133/54a (18mer) (yegfs wtgvtqn kakgit), against a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) influenza viruses. it was shown that the 46f/ha127-133/54a (18mer) was effective in ab mice. in the present study, we first examined whether this peptid ... | 1998 | 9612710 |
| [use of caco-2 cells for isolation of influenza virus]. | in this study we assessed the usefulness of caco-2 cells, derived from a human colon carcinoma, to isolate an influenza virus. throat washings collected from 30 patients with influenza-like illnesses in miyazaki prefecture in 1997 were inoculated in mdck and caco-2 cells, 17 influenza virus strains were isolated in mdck cells, and 20 in caco-2 cells. of all the viruses isolated, only one strain was identified as influenza virus type b; other strains were identified as type a (h3n2). furthermore, ... | 1998 | 9621562 |
| in vivo antiinfluenza virus activity of kampo medicine sho-seiryu-to through mucosal immune system. | the kampo (japanese herbal) medicine, sho-seiryu-to, which has traditionally been used for the treatment of colds and bronchial asthma, showed potent antiinfluenza a and b virus activity through augmentation of production of antiviral iga antibody in the nasal and bronchoalveolar cavities of mice when administrated orally before viral infection. sho-seiryu-to also showed antiinfluenza virus activity against a virus h1n1 subtype infected in aged mice (approximately 6 months old) with an increase ... | 1998 | 9646280 |
| virus-specific cd8+ t cells in primary and secondary influenza pneumonia. | virus-specific cd8+ effector t cells (ectl) are enriched in the lungs of mice with primary influenza pneumonia, though later detection of memory t cells (mctl) in the mediastinal lymph nodes (mln) or spleen by peptide-based staining protocols is at the limits of flow cytometric analysis. respiratory challenge with an h3n2 virus months after h1n1 priming induces a massive recall response, which reduces virus titers 2-3 days earlier than in nave controls. influenza-specific mctl produce interferon ... | 1998 | 9655482 |
| molecular mechanisms of serum resistance of human influenza h3n2 virus and their involvement in virus adaptation in a new host. | h3n2 human influenza viruses that are resistant to horse, pig, or rabbit serum possess unique amino acid mutations in their hemagglutinin (ha) protein. to determine the molecular mechanisms of this resistance, we characterized the receptor-binding properties of these mutants by measuring their affinity for total serum protein inhibitors and for soluble receptor analogs. pig serum-resistant variants displayed a markedly decreased affinity for total pig serum sialylglycoproteins (which contain pre ... | 1998 | 9658077 |
| protective role of gamma interferon during the recall response to influenza virus. | during secondary immune responses to influenza virus, virus-specific t memory cells are a major source of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma). we assessed the contribution of ifn-gamma to heterologous protection against the a/wsn/33 (h1n1) virus of wild-type and ifn-gamma-/- mice previously immunized with the a/hk/68 (h3n2) virus. the ifn-gamma-/- mice displayed significantly reduced survival rates subsequent to a challenge with various doses of the a/wsn/33 virus. this was associated with an impaired ... | 1998 | 9658110 |
| increased susceptibility of diabetic mice to influenza virus infection: compromise of collectin-mediated host defense of the lung by glucose? | the influence of diabetes on susceptibility to influenza virus infection was examined in a mouse model in which rip-kb transgenic mice and their nontransgenic littermates were used as the diabetic and nondiabetic hosts, respectively. influenza virus a/phil/82 (h3n2) grew to significantly higher titers in the lungs of diabetic than nondiabetic mice. the extent of viral replication in the lungs was proportional to blood glucose levels in the mice at the time of infection, and the enhanced suscepti ... | 1998 | 9658139 |
| an antibody which binds to the membrane-proximal end of influenza virus haemagglutinin (h3 subtype) inhibits the low-ph-induced conformational change and cell-cell fusion but does not neutralize virus. | a monoclonal antibody, lmbh6, was derived from mice which had been sequentially immunized with bromelain-cleaved haemagglutinin (bha) from influenza virus a/aichi/2/68, a/victoria/3/75 and a/philippines/2/82 (all h3n2). lmbh6 recognizes the haemagglutinin (ha) of all h3n2 influenza a strains tested, which were isolated between 1968 and 1989. ha in the low-ph-induced conformation is not recognized, and cleavage of the ha0 precursor to ha1 and ha2 is needed to obtain efficient binding. compared to ... | 1998 | 9680143 |
| field investigation of influenza vaccine effectiveness on morbidity. | our objective was to evaluate influenza vaccine effectiveness during an influenza epidemic by means of a matched case-control study. the study was performed by 35 general practitioners who collected specimens for influenza virus testing from 610 patients who consulted for infectious syndrome: 168 (28%) were influenza-positive. two designs were used for selecting controls to take into account the high incidence-rate of influenza-like illness and the various possible protective effects of the vacc ... | 1998 | 9682334 |
| supplementation of conventional influenza a vaccine with purified viral neuraminidase results in a balanced and broadened immune response. | influenza virus neuraminidase was chromatographically extracted from a/johannesburg/33/94 (h3n2) and used to supplement conventional monovalent h3jhn2jh inactivated influenza vaccine. immunization of mice with this preparation resulted in high titers of antibodies to both hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) equivalent for each antigen to titers in animals immunized with either antigen alone. homotypic infection was suppressed and greater reduction in viral replication was observed followin ... | 1998 | 9682352 |
| natural and 'in vitro' selected antigenic variants of influenza a virus (h2n2). | we provide data on the prevalence of srh antibody to influenza a/singapore/1/57 (h2n2). approximately 10.3% of sera had antibody to the influenza a (h2n2) subtype virus in comparison to the 36.9% of positive sera to a representative influenza a (h3n2) and 31.5% to influenza a (h1n1) viruses. the percentage of subjects with antibody constantly decreased from the older to the younger age groups. persons born after 1968 were essentially seronegative, whereas subjects born before 1900, and in the de ... | 1998 | 9733372 |
| update: outbreak of influenza a infection--alaska and the yukon territory, july-august 1998. | on july 26, 1998, cdc and health canada, in cooperation with local public health authorities, began investigating reports of febrile respiratory illnesses and associated pneumonia among summer land and sea travelers to alaska and the yukon territory (1). epidemiologic and laboratory evidence has implicated influenza a virus as the etiologic agent of the outbreak. from june 11 through august 22, completed viral cultures of 101 (48%) of 209 nasopharyngeal specimens have yielded 26 influenza a isol ... | 1998 | 9733414 |
| multiplex pcr for typing and subtyping influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses. | a multiplex reverse transcription (rt)-pcr method that has been developed is capable of detecting and subtyping influenza a (h1n1 and h3n2) and b viruses as well as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) types a and b in respiratory clinical samples taken as part of a national community-based surveillance program of influenza-like illness in england and wales. the detection of each different pathogen depended on distinguishing five amplification products of different sizes on agarose gels following r ... | 1998 | 9738055 |
| evolutionary characteristics of influenza b virus since its first isolation in 1940: dynamic circulation of deletion and insertion mechanism. | new antigenic variants of b/yamagata/16/88-like lineage which appeared in the season of 1997 as a minor strain tended to predominate in the following season. also, we could observe for the first time, three peaks of activity caused by h3n2 virus and two variants of b influenza virus. antigenic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that b/victoria/2/87-like variants appeared again in japan in 1997 after a nine-year absence. influenza b viruses evolved into three major lineages, including the earlies ... | 1998 | 9739335 |
| transfectant influenza a viruses are effective recombinant immunogens in the treatment of experimental cancer. | using reverse genetics methods, we constructed three different transfectant influenza a viruses encoding an ld-restricted, nine amino-acid-long fragment, corresponding to amino-acid residues 876-884, of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal). sequences encoding this epitope were nested within the hemagglutinin (ha) or neuraminidase (na) open reading frames. alternatively, an independent beta-gal mini-gene, preceded by an endoplasmic reticulum insertion signal sequence, was placed in a bicistronic arrange ... | 1998 | 9740780 |
| comparison of rna hybridization, hemagglutination assay, titration of infectious virus and immunofluorescence as methods for monitoring influenza virus replication in vitro. | rapid and sensitive methods for the monitoring of influenza virus replication in vitro are needed to address several research questions. four methods based on different principles were compared: the hemagglutination (ha) assay, the measurement of virus infectivity titers in culture supernatants, the enumeration of infected cells by immunofluorescence and rna hybridization techniques using digoxigenin (dig) labeled rna probes. to this end, mdck cells were infected at different multiplicities of i ... | 1998 | 9763129 |