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characterization of mutual relations between geotrichum candidum and lactobacillus rhamnosus gg in milk: a quantitative approach.the growth interactions between geotrichum candidum and lactobacillus rhamnosus gg were studied in milk. the effect of temperature on the growth rate of the fungus was modelled using the cardinal temperature model with inflection. the secondary modelling was applied also on the other data set containing the growth rates of g. candidum in co-culture with a commercial starter culture. the low temperature in combination with l. rhamnosus gg in co-culture showed the most negative effect on the growt ...201423733814
the role of vaginal lactobacillus rhamnosus (normogin®) in preventing bacterial vaginosis in women with history of recurrences, undergoing surgical menopause: a prospective pilot study.bacterial vaginosis (bv), a poly-microbial clinical syndrome, is the most common cause of vaginal symptoms among women. the recurrence rate of bv is up to 30% after traditional antimicrobial therapy. lactobacillus rhamnosus vaginal tablets have demonstrated to be a reliable topical effective and safe treatment to reduce the bv recurrence rate.201323740456
effect of water-soluble fraction of cherry tomatoes on the adhesion of probiotics and salmonella to intestinal epithelial cells.tomato is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world and contains many valuable nutritional components. here we investigate the prebiotic effects of cherry tomatoes for improving gut health.201323749725
synbiotic impact of tagatose on viability of lactobacillus rhamnosus strain gg mediated by the phosphotransferase system (pts).synbiotics, the combination of prebiotics and probiotics, has been shown to produce synergistic effects that promote gastrointestinal well-being of host. tagatose is a low calorie food ingredient with putative health-promoting benefits. herein, we investigated its synbiotic impact on the viability of lactobacillus casei 01 and lactobacillus rhamnosus strain gg and the potential mechanism involved. tagatose, as a synbiotic substrate, enhanced the growth of l. casei 01 and l. rhamnosus strain gg c ...201323764214
strain-specific probiotics properties of lactobacillus fermentum, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus brevis isolates from brazilian food products.a total of 234 lab isolates from brazilian food products were initially screened for their ability to survive at ph 2.0. fifty one of the isolates survived and were selected. they were characterized by phenotypic methods, rep-pcr and identified using 16s rrna gene sequencing as lactobacillus fermentum (34 isolates), lactobacillus plantarum (10) and lactobacillus brevis (7). based on being either highly tolerant to bile, showing an ability for auto-aggregation and/or hydrophobic properties, one l ...201323764216
strain-dependent augmentation of tight-junction barrier function in human primary epidermal keratinocytes by lactobacillus and bifidobacterium lysates.in this study, we investigated whether probiotic lysates can modify the tight-junction function of human primary keratinocytes. the keratinocytes were grown on cell culture inserts and treated with lysates from bifidobacterium longum, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus reuteri, lactobacillus fermentum, or lactobacillus rhamnosus gg. with the exception of l. fermentum (which decreased cell viability), all strains markedly enhanced tight-junction barrier function within 24 h, as assessed by me ...201323770906
adhesive ability means inhibition activities for lactobacillus against pathogens and s-layer protein plays an important role in adhesion.eighty-five strains of lactobacillus were isolated from the pig intestine and identified by sequencing analysis based on 16s rrna gene, from which five lactobacillus strains with high adhesive ability were selected. the inhibition ability of the five lactobacillus strains with or without s-layer proteins against adherence of escherichia coli k88 and salmonella enteritidis 50335 to caco-2 was evaluated in vitro with lactobacillus rhamnosus gg strain (lgg) as a positive control. in addition, toler ...201323792230
the use of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and viral findings in the nasopharynx of children attending day care.limited data are available on the effects of probiotics on the nasopharyngeal presence of respiratory viruses in children attending day care. in this substudy of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled 28-week intervention study, nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected, on visits to a physician due to symptoms of infection, from children receiving control milk (n = 97) and children receiving the same milk supplemented with probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (n = 97). the presence o ...201323794458
a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial on probiotics in small bowel bacterial overgrowth in children treated with omeprazole.to evaluate the incidence of small bowel bacterial overgrowth (sbbo) in children treated with omeprazole, and to test whether probiotics influence the incidence.201323796359
fermentation of non-sterilized fish biomass with a mixed culture of film-forming yeasts and lactobacilli and its effect on innate and adaptive immunity in mice.non-sterilized fish waste containing fish bones was fermented using combined starter cultures of film-forming yeast (candida ethanolica) and lactic acid bacteria (lab; lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus rhamnosus) in order to obtain a liquefied fermented broth without spoiling. during the entire fermentation, the number of lab cells was maintained at a high level (6 × 10(8)-5 × 10(7) cells/ml). although the number of general bacteria was 10(6)cell/ml after adding non-sterilized fish biomass, ...201323810659
effect of a mixture of bovine milk oligosaccharides, lactobacillus rhamnosus ncc4007 and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on catch-up growth of intra-uterine growth-restricted rats.to investigate the effect of a nutritional mixture (bovine milk oligosaccharides, lactobacillus rhamnosus ncc4007, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid) on growth of intrauterine growth-restricted (iugr) rats.201423834457
immunobiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus improves resistance of infant mice against respiratory syncytial virus infection.previously we showed that orally administered lactobacillus rhamnosus crl1505 beneficially regulated the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in the lungs of poly(i:c)-challenged mice, allowing an effective inflammatory response against the tlr3/rig-i agonist but at the same time reducing tissue damage. the aim of the present study was to investigate whether oral administration of the crl1505 strain was able to improve resistance against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infectio ...201323838113
[lactobacillus rhamnosus gg supplementation to reduce side-effects of anti-helicobacter pylori treatment].helicobacter pylori (hp) eradication fails in about 10% of patients because of the occurrence of resistance to antibiotics and side-effects. during anti h.pylori therapy, probiotics have been used to reduce the incidence of side-effects.201323838939
dynamics and rrna transcriptional activity of lactococci and lactobacilli during cheddar cheese ripening.cheddar cheese is a complex ecosystem where both the bacterial population and the cheese making process contribute to flavor and texture development. the aim of this study was to use molecular methods to evaluate the impact of milk heat treatment and ripening temperature on starter lactococci and non-starter lactic acid bacteria (nslab) throughout ripening of cheddar cheese. eight cheddar cheese batches were manufactured (four with thermized and four with pasteurized milk) and ripened at 4, 7 an ...201323850855
water sorption properties, molecular mobility and probiotic survival in freeze dried protein-carbohydrate matrices.the moisture uptake and molecular mobility of freeze-dried powders containing whey protein isolate-carbohydrate matrices (1wpi:2maltodextrin; 1wpi:1maltodextrin:1d-glucose; and 1wpi:1maltodextrin:1l-glucose) and encapsulated lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) in these matrices were investigated at 25 °c and 33% and 70% relative humidity (rh). the inactivation rate constant for probiotics in freeze-dried matrices were positively correlated (r(2) = 0.98) to moisture uptake and molecular mobility mea ...201323851914
the development of probiotic treatment in obesity: a review.recent studies suggested that manipulation of the composition of the microbial ecosystem in the gut might be a novel approach in the treatment of obesity. such treatment might consist of altering the composition of the microbial communities of an obese individual by administration of beneficial microorganisms, commonly known as probiotics. here, we intend to contribute to the developmental process of probiotic treatment of human obesity. the aim is to review the evidence regarding the potential ...201423886977
[outcomes of clostridium difficile enterocolitis after administration of antibiotics along with probiotic supplement].clostridium difficile enterocolitis is a potentially fatal disease showing increasing incidence in hospital environment. therapeutic approach in the management of clostridium difficile enterocolitis is highly complex, particularly because of its tendency to relapse and reinfection. the study was aimed at investigating the factors influencing the development of clostridium difficile enterocolitis and outcomes of enterocolitis after administration of standard antimicrobial therapy combined with pr ...201323888728
effects of early prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on development of gut microbiota and fussing and crying in preterm infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.to evaluate the impact of early prebiotic and probiotic intervention on preterm infants' well-being, crying, growth, and microbiological programming.201323915796
divergent immunomodulating effects of probiotics on t cell responses to oral attenuated human rotavirus vaccine and virulent human rotavirus infection in a neonatal gnotobiotic piglet disease model.rotaviruses (rvs) are a leading cause of childhood diarrhea. current oral vaccines are not effective in impoverished countries where the vaccine is needed most. therefore, alternative affordable strategies are urgently needed. probiotics can alleviate diarrhea in children and enhance specific systemic and mucosal ab responses, but the t cell responses are undefined. in this study, we elucidated the t cell and cytokine responses to attenuated human rv (atthrv) and virulent human rv (hrv) in gnoto ...201323918983
probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg mono-association suppresses human rotavirus-induced autophagy in the gnotobiotic piglet intestine.human rotavirus (hrv) is the most important cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children. probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) reduces rotavirus infection and diarrhea. however, the molecular mechanisms of lgg-mediated protection from rotavirus infection are poorly understood. autophagy plays an essential role in responses to microbial pathogens. however, the role of autophagy in hrv infection and lgg treatment is unknown. we hypothesize that rotavirus gastroenteritis activates a ...201323924832
nasally administered lactobacillus rhamnosus strains differentially modulate respiratory antiviral immune responses and induce protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection.some studies have shown that nasally administered immunobiotics had the potential to improve the outcome of influenza virus infection. however, the capacity of immunobiotics to improve protection against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was not investigated before.201323947615
draft genome sequence of lactobacillus rhamnosus crl1505, an immunobiotic strain used in social food programs in argentina.we report the draft genome sequence of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus strain crl1505. this new probiotic strain has been included into official nutritional programs in argentina. the draft genome sequence is composed of 3,417,633 bp with 3,327 coding sequences.201323950129
genome sequence of the probiotic strain lactobacillus rhamnosus (formerly lactobacillus casei) lock900.lactobacillus rhamnosus lock900 fulfills the criteria required for probiotic strains. in this study, we report a whole-genome sequence of this isolate and compare it with other l. rhamnosus complete genome sequences already published.201323950137
early supplementation with lactobacillus rhamnosus hn001 reduces eczema prevalence to 6 years: does it also reduce atopic sensitization?the role of probiotics in prevention of allergic disease is still not clear; efficacy may depend on the timing, dose, duration, and specific probiotic used. using a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial (australian new zealand clinical trials registry: actrn12607000518460), we have shown that in a high-risk birth cohort, maternal supplementation from 35 weeks gestation until 6 months if breastfeeding and infant supplementation from birth until 2 years with lactobacillus rhamnosus hn00 ...201323957340
comparative genomic and functional analysis of 100 lactobacillus rhamnosus strains and their comparison with strain gg.lactobacillus rhamnosus is a lactic acid bacterium that is found in a large variety of ecological habitats, including artisanal and industrial dairy products, the oral cavity, intestinal tract or vagina. to gain insights into the genetic complexity and ecological versatility of the species l. rhamnosus, we examined the genomes and phenotypes of 100 l. rhamnosus strains isolated from diverse sources. the genomes of 100 l. rhamnosus strains were mapped onto the l. rhamnosus gg reference genome. th ...201323966868
biofilm-like lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotics encapsulated in alginate and carrageenan microcapsules exhibiting enhanced thermotolerance and freeze-drying resistance.microcapsules containing high-density biofilm-like lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotics, in place of planktonic cells, are developed in order to enhance the cell viability upon exposures to stresses commonly encountered during food lifecycle (i.e., heating, freeze-drying, refrigerated storage, and acid). the high-density (hd) capsules are prepared by in situ cultivation of the planktonic cells in the confined space of polysaccharide-based capsules (i.e., chitosan-coated alginate and carrageenan ca ...201323985031
fermented milk containing lactobacillus gg alleviated dss-induced colitis in mice and activated epidermal growth factor receptor and akt signaling in intestinal epithelial cells.lactobacillus rhamnosus gg was assessed for its ability to alleviate dss-induced colitis in mice and activate epidermal growth factor receptor and akt signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. in this study mice were treated with dss to induce colitis and they were given lactobacillus gg fermented milk to assess the effect of probiotic on colitis. lactobacillus gg fermented milk significantly reduced the colitis associated changes suggesting a protective effect against dss induced colitis.201223990812
purification and characterization of anti-alicyclobacillus bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus rhamnosus.lactobacillus rhamnosus cicc 20975 produces a 6,502-da bacteriocin, named bacteriocin rc 20975, active against alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus brevis, bacillus subtilis, and listeria innocua. this bacteriocin is not quite heat stable but is effective after refrigerated storage and freeze-thaw cycles. bacteriocin rc 20975 was added at a concentration of 256 au/ml to the endospores of a. acidoterrestris dsm 3922; no viable cells were detected after 24 h. ...201323992502
effect of chestnut extract and chestnut fiber on viability of potential probiotic lactobacillus strains under gastrointestinal tract conditions.the main challenge to probiotics, during their passage through the gastrointestinal tract, are the acidic gastric secretions of the stomach, and the bile salts released into the duodenum. the survival of the strains, in this phase, is strongly influenced by the food used for their delivery. this work is part of a project studying the development of novel food processes, based on the use of chestnuts from cultivar "castagna di montella". in detail, the effect of indigestible chestnut fiber and of ...201324010594
diversity and dynamic of lactic acid bacteria strains during aging of a long ripened hard cheese produced from raw milk and undefined natural starter.the aim of this study was to explore diversity and dynamic of indigenous lab strains associated with a long ripened hard cheese produced from raw milk and undefined natural starter such as pdo grana padano cheese. samples of milk, curd, natural whey culture and cheeses (2nd, 6th, 9th and 13th months of ripening) were collected from 6 cheese factories in northern italy. dna was extracted from each sample and from 194 lab isolates. trna(ala)-23s rdna-rflp was applied to identify isolates. strain d ...201324010599
crystal structure and substrate specificity of d-galactose-6-phosphate isomerase complexed with substrates.d-galactose-6-phosphate isomerase from lactobacillus rhamnosus (lacab; ec 5.3.1.26), which is encoded by the tagatose-6-phosphate pathway gene cluster (lacabcd), catalyzes the isomerization of d-galactose-6-phosphate to d-tagatose-6-phosphate during lactose catabolism and is used to produce rare sugars as low-calorie natural sweeteners. the crystal structures of lacab and its complex with d-tagatose-6-phosphate revealed that lacab is a homotetramer of laca and lacb subunits, with a structure sim ...201324015281
production of bacteriocin-like substances by lactic acid bacteria isolated from regional ovine cheese.lactic acid bacteria (lab) were isolated from ovine milk and cheeses manufactured in the south region of brazil. among 112 bacterial isolates investigated, 59 were chosen through a screening for lab. among these 59 strains of lab, 21% showed antimicrobial, proteolytic and lipolytic activities. based on this screening, lactobacillus plantarum lcn 17 and lactobacillus rhamnosus lcn 43 were selected and tested for the production of bacteriocin-like substances (bls). the bls produced by both isolate ...201024031581
inhibition of mycotoxin-producing aspergillus nomius vsc 23 by lactic acid bacteria and saccharomyces cerevisiae.the effect of different fermenting microorganisms on growth of a mycotoxin- producing aspergillus nomius was assayed. two lactic acid bacteria, lactobacillus fermentum and lactobacillus rhamnosus, and saccharomyces cerevisiae, all of which are widely used in fermentation and preservation of food, were assayed on their fungus inhibitory properties. assays were carried out by simultaneous inoculation of one of the possible inhibiting microorganisms and the fungus or subsequent inoculation of one o ...201024031582
application of response surface methodology to enhancement of biomass production by lactobacillus rhamnosus e/n.response surface methodology (rsm) was employed to study the effects of various medium components on biomass production by lactobacillus rhamnosus e/n. this strain is commonly used in the pharmaceutical and food industries due to its beneficial effect on the human gut and general health. the best medium composition derived from rsm regression was (in g/l) glucose 15.44, sodium pyruvate 3.92, meat extract 8.0, potassium phosphate 1.88, sodium acetate 4.7, and ammonium citrate 1.88. with this medi ...201124031782
inhibitory effect of essential oils against lactobacillus rhamnosus and starter culture in fermented milk during its shelf-life period.the use of essential oils in foods has attracted great interest, due to their antagonistic action against pathogenic microorganisms. however, this action is undesirable for probiotic foods, as products containing lactobacillus rhamnosus. the aim of the present study was to measure the sensitivity profile of l. rhamnosus and a yogurt starter culture in fermented milk, upon addition of increasing concentrations of cinnamon, clove and mint essential oils. essential oils were prepared by steam disti ...201224031939
not only osmoprotectant: betaine increased lactate dehydrogenase activity and l-lactate production in lactobacilli.lactobacilli are commonly used for industrial production of polymer-grade l-lactic acid. the present study tested the tween 80 alternative betaine in l-lactate production by several industrial lactobacilli. in flask fermentation of lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus lactis and lactobacillus rhamnosus, the betaine addition (2g/l) had similar osmoprotectant effect with tween 80 but had increased the lactate dehydrogenase activities and l-lactate production than tween 80 con ...201324035452
effect of prebiotic carbohydrates on growth, bile survival and cholesterol uptake abilities of dairy-related bacteria.three strains of lactic acid bacteria and one probiotic bifidobacterium strain sourced from milk origin were considered to select for the best synbiotic-like combination for cholesterol uptake ability. for that purpose, fermentative characteristics, bile salt hydrolase activity, bile survival and cholesterol removal were assessed in the presence of different carbohydrates.201424037813
a lactobacillus rhamnosus gg-derived soluble protein, p40, stimulates ligand release from intestinal epithelial cells to transactivate epidermal growth factor receptor.p40, a lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg)-derived soluble protein, ameliorates intestinal injury and colitis, reduces apoptosis, and preserves barrier function by transactivation of the egf receptor (egfr) in intestinal epithelial cells. the aim of this study is to determine the mechanisms by which p40 transactivates the egfr in intestinal epithelial cells. here we show that p40-conditioned medium activates egfr in young adult mouse colon epithelial cells and human colonic epithelial cell line, t8 ...201324043629
bifidogenic and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharides produced by lactobacillus rhamnosus e/n cultivated on different carbon sources.lactobacillus rhamnosus e/n is a probiotic bacterium, which synthesizes exopolysaccharides (eps) with significant bifidogenic and antioxidant activities. the sugar composition of the epss produced depended on carbohydrates used as a carbon source in the growth media. five bifidobacterium strains were tested in vitro for their ability to utilize all the epss studied. the highest bifidogenic activity was revealed by epss obtained from lactobacillus cultures supplemented with gal, lac, and mal as t ...201324053021
role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infections.meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a multidrug-resistant micro-organism and is the principal nosocomial pathogen worldwide. following initial in vitro experiments demonstrating that lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285(®) and lactobacillus casei lbc80r(®) commercial strains exhibit antibacterial activity against clinical mrsa isolates, we conducted a literature search to find any evidence of probiotic efficacy in decolonisation or treatment of s. aureus infection. as summarised bel ...201324071026
probiotic modulation of dendritic cell function is influenced by ageing.dendritic cells (dcs) are critical for the generation of t-cell responses. dc function may be modulated by probiotics, which confer health benefits in immunocompromised individuals, such as the elderly. this study investigated the effects of four probiotics, bifidobacterium longum bv. infantis ccug 52486, b. longum sp 07/3, lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (l.gg) and l. casei shirota (lcs), on dc function in an allogeneic mixed leucocyte reaction (mlr) model, using dcs and t-cells from young and older ...201424094416
lactobacilli and bifidobacteria promote immune homeostasis by modulating innate immune responses to human rotavirus in neonatal gnotobiotic pigs.the effects of co-colonization with lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) and bifidobacterium lactis bb12 (bb12) on 3-dose vaccination with attenuated hrv and challenge with virulent human rotavirus (virhrv) were assessed in 4 groups of gnotobiotic (gn) pigs: pro+vac (probiotic-colonized/vaccinated), vac (vaccinated), pro (probiotic-colonized, non-vaccinated) and control (non-colonized, non-vaccinated). subsets of pigs were euthanized pre- [post-challenge day (pcd) 0] and post (pcd7)-virhrv challenge ...201324098572
purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the spaa backbone-pilin subunit from probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg.lactobacillus rhamnosus gg, a widely used gram-positive probiotic strain, is clinically well known for its perceived health-promoting effects. it has recently been shown to display proteinaceous pilus fibres (called spacba) on its cell surface. structurally, spacba pili possess a characteristic three-pilin polymerized architecture, with repeating spaa major pilins that form the backbone and two types of minor subunits (spab and spac). in this study, recombinant spaa protein was purified, charact ...201324100577
kinetic model-based feed-forward controlled fed-batch fermentation of lactobacillus rhamnosus for the production of lactic acid from arabic date juice.arabic date is overproduced in arabic countries such as saudi arabia and iraq and is mostly composed of sugars (70-80 wt%). here we developed a fed-batch fermentation process by using a kinetic model for the efficient production of lactic acid to a high concentration from arabic date juice. first, a kinetic model of lactobacillus rhamnosus grown on date juice in batch fermentation was constructed in excel so that the estimation of parameters and simulation of the model can be easily performed. t ...201424100793
lactobacillus rhamnosus crl1505 beneficially modulates the immuno-coagulative response after pneumococcal infection in immunocompromised malnourished mice.this work evaluated the effect of orally or nasally administered lactobacillus rhamnosus crl1505 on the resistance of immunocompromised protein-malnourished mice to pneumococcal infection. in particular, we aimed to gain knowledge of the mechanism involved in the immunomodulatory effect of l. rhamnosus crl1505 in malnourished hosts by evaluating its impact on the immuno-coagulative response. malnutrition significantly increased lung tissue damage caused by streptococcus pneumoniae infection. lun ...201324102222
lactobacillus rhamnosus protects human colonic muscle from pathogen lipopolysaccharide-induced damage.lactobacillus species might positively affect gastrointestinal motility. these gram-positive bacteria bind toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) that elicits anti-inflammatory activity and exerts protective effects on damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (lps). whether such effect occurs in gastrointestinal smooth muscle has not been established yet. aim of this study was to characterize the effects of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) and of supernatants harvested from lgg cultures on human colonic smooth ...201324118564
comparison of fecundity and offspring immunity in zebrafish fed lactobacillus rhamnosus cicc 6141 and lactobacillus casei bl23.to increase the knowledge of probiotic effects on zebrafish (danio rerio), we compare the effects of two probiotic strains, lactobacillus rhamnosus cicc 6141 (a highly adhesive strain) and lactobacillus casei bl23 (a weakly adhesive strain), on zebrafish reproduction and their offsprings' innate level of immunity to water-borne pathogens. during probiotics treatments from 7 to 28 days, both the lactobacillus strains, and especially l. casei bl23, significantly increased fecundity in zebrafish: h ...201424129154
molecular analysis and clinical significance of lactobacillus spp. recovered from clinical specimens presumptively associated with disease.lactobacillus spp. are part of the normal human flora and are generally assumed to be nonpathogenic. we determined the genotypic identification of >100 lactobacillus isolates from clinical specimens in the context of presumed pathogenic potential (e.g., recovered as the single/predominant isolate from a sterile site or at ≥10(5) cfu/ml from urine). this study assessed the clinical significance and the frequency of occurrence of each lactobacillus sp. we identified 16 species of lactobacillus by ...201424131686
prebiotic and probiotic supplementation prevents rhinovirus infections in preterm infants: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.simple and safe strategies for the prevention of viral respiratory tract infections (rtis) are needed.201424131826
effect of buckwheat flour and oat bran on growth and cell viability of the probiotic strains lactobacillus rhamnosus imc 501®, lactobacillus paracasei imc 502® and their combination synbio®, in synbiotic fermented milk.fermented foods have a great significance since they provide and preserve large quantities of nutritious foods in a wide diversity of flavors, aromas and texture, which enrich the human diet. originally fermented milks were developed as a means of preserving nutrients and are the most representatives of the category. the first aim of this study was to screen the effect of buckwheat flour and oat bran as prebiotics on the production of probiotic fiber-enriched fermented milks, by investigating th ...201324140807
submerged fermentation of lactobacillus rhamnosus ys9 for γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) production.γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in central nervous system, and its application in drugs and functional foods has attracted great attention. to enhance production of γ-aminobutyric acid, lactobacillus rhamnosus ys9, a strain isolated from chinese traditional fermented food pickled vegetable, was grown under submerged fermentation. its cultivation conditions were investigated. when culture ph condition was adjusted to the optimal ph of glutamate decarboxylase acti ...201324159304
perinatal outcomes of prenatal probiotic and prebiotic administration: an integrative review.the purpose of this integrative review was to identify, critique, and synthesize the maternal and neonatal evidence on the prenatal use of probiotics and prebiotics to inform perinatal health professionals. a comprehensive literature search resulted in 37 studies of prenatal probiotics and 1 on antepartal prebiotics published from 1990 through 2011 that reported maternal, fetal, and/or neonatal outcomes. the methodologic quality of the studies reviewed was high, although investigators used diffe ...201524164813
use of microparticulated whey protein concentrate, exopolysaccharide-producing streptococcus thermophilus, and adjunct cultures for making low-fat italian caciotta-type cheese.low-fat caciotta-type cheeses were manufactured with partially skim milk (fat content of ~0.3%) alone (lfc); with the supplementation of 0.5% (wt/vol) microparticulated whey protein concentrate (mwpc) (lfc-mwpc); with mwpc and exopolysaccharides (eps)-producing streptococcus thermophilus st446 (lfc-mwpc-eps); and with mwpc, eps-producing strain st446, and lactobacillus plantarum lp and lactobacillus rhamnosus lra as adjunct cultures (lfc-mwpc-eps-a). the non-eps-producing isogenic variant strept ...201424183686
bacterial counts from five over-the-counter probiotics: are you getting what you paid for?there is concern that the bacterial colony counts present at the time of manufacture and listed on the probiotic package may not be reflective of the numbers viable colonies at the time of purchase and patient consumption thereby diminishing efficacy. we performed a colony count study of three separate samples of five different probiotics purchased from three different stores: bifidobacterium infantis (align(®)); lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285(®) and lactobacillus casei lbc80r(®) (bio-k+(®)); ...201424184290
management strategies in the treatment of neonatal and pediatric gastroenteritis.acute gastroenteritis, characterized by the onset of diarrhea with or without vomiting, continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children in mostly resource-constrained nations. although generally a mild and self-limiting disease, gastroenteritis is one of the most common causes of hospitalization and is associated with a substantial disease burden. worldwide, up to 40% of children aged less than 5 years with diarrhea are hospitalized with rotavirus. also, some microorganisms ...201324194646
safety and immunomodulatory effects of three probiotic strains isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants in healthy adults: setoprob study.we previously described the isolation and characterization of three probiotic strains from the feces of exclusively breast-fed newborn infants: lactobacillus paracasei cncm i-4034, bifidobacterium breve cncm i-4035 and lactobacillus rhamnosus cncm i-4036. these strains were shown to adhere to intestinal mucus in vitro, to be sensitive to antibiotics and to resist biliary salts and low ph. in the present study, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 100 healthy vol ...201324205115
nutritionally enhanced fermented sausages as a vehicle for potential probiotic lactobacilli delivery.the suitability of three potential probiotic lactobacilli strains (lactobacillus casei ctc1677, l. casei ctc1678 and lactobacillus rhamnosus ctc1679), previously isolated from infants' faeces and characterized, and three commercial probiotic strains (lactobacillus plantarum 299v, l. rhamnosus gg and l. casei shirota) was assessed during the manufacture of low-acid fermented sausages (fuets) with reduced na(+) and fat content. the inoculated strains were successfully monitored by rapd-pcr during ...201424211552
growth of infants fed formula supplemented with bifidobacterium lactis bb12 or lactobacillus gg: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.growth is an essential outcome measure for evaluating the safety of any new ingredients, including probiotics, added to infant formulae. the aim of this systematic review was to determine the effects of supplementation of infant formulae with bifidobacterium lactis bb12 (b lactis) and/or lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) compared with unsupplemented formula on the growth of healthy infants.201324215626
role of lactobacillus in the prevention of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) is a major public health problem because of significant morbidity and mortality, and many clinicians pay attention to lactobacillus as a potentially effective treatment. the purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of lactobacillus in the prevention of cdad.201324229690
in vitro fermentation of prebiotic oligosaccharides by bifidobacterium lactis hn019 and lactobacillus spp.the utilisation of various prebiotic oligosaccharides by probiotic strains of bifidobacterium lactis, lactobacillus rhamnosus and lactobacillus acidophilus was investigated in order to determine the synbiotic potential of various prebiotic/probiotic combinations. analysis by hplc and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography of the cell-free medium taken during growth of the three probiotic bacteria showed differences in the consumption of the various oligosaccharides. analysis of galactool ...201424239979
lactobacillus rhamnosus gg improves outcome in experimental pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia: potential role of regulatory t cells.recent clinical trials show lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) administration in critical illness has the potential to reduce nosocomial infections and improve clinical outcome. however, the mechanism(s) of lgg-mediated benefit following illness and injury remain elusive.201324240593
applications of lactobacillus rhamnosus spent culture supernatant in cosmetic antioxidation, whitening and moisture retention applications.this study was aimed at investigating the antioxidant, whitening, and moisture-retention properties of lactobacillus rhamnosus spent culture supernatant (lr-scs) in cosmetic applications. results reveal that lr-scs effectively and gradually scavenges 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl as well as 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cations, and increases reducing power in a dose-dependent manner. additionally, lr-scs can also suppress tyrosinase activity in vitro and effecti ...201324248144
genotoxicity assessment of multispecies probiotics using reverse mutation, mammalian chromosomal aberration, and rodent micronucleus tests.genotoxicity assessment is carried out on freeze dried powder of cultured probiotics containing lactobacillus rhamnosus lcr177, bifidobacterium adolescentis ba286, and pediococcus acidilactici pa318. ames tests, in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration assay, and micronucleus tests in mouse peripheral blood are performed. for 5 strains of salmonella typhimurium, the ames tests show no increased reverse mutation upon exposure to the test substance. in cho cells, the frequency of chromosome aberra ...201324250262
immunostimulatory cpg motifs in the genomes of gut bacteria and their role in human health and disease.toll-like receptor (tlr) signalling plays an important role in epithelial and immune cells of the intestine. tlr9 recognizes unmethylated cpg motifs in bacterial dna, and tlr9 signalling maintains the gut epithelial homeostasis. here, we carried out a bioinformatic analysis of the frequency of cpg motifs in the genomes of gut commensal bacteria across major bacterial phyla. the frequency of potentially immunostimulatory cpg motifs (all cpg hexamers) or purine-purine-cg-pyrimidine-pyrimidine hexa ...201424255136
obsessive-compulsive-like behaviors in house mice are attenuated by a probiotic (lactobacillus rhamnosus gg).two experiments examined probiotic pretreatment (lactobacillus rhamnosus gg) on obsessive-compulsive disorder (ocd)-like behavior induction by ru 24969 in balb/cj house mice. in the first experiment, two groups were defined by their daily pretreatment by oral gavage of either (a) l. rhamnosus (1×10⁹ cfu/day) or (b) the saline vehicle. both a 2- and 4-week probiotic pretreatment attenuated ocd-like behavior induction (increased perseverative open-field locomotion, stereotypic turning, and marble ...201424257436
mn(2+) and mg(2+) synergistically enhanced lactic acid production by lactobacillus rhamnosus ftdc 8313 via affecting different stages of the hexose monophosphate pathway.the study aimed to evaluate the effects of mn(2+) and mg(2+) on lactic acid production using response surface methodology and to further study their effects on interactions between the enzymes and substrates along the hexose monophosphate pathway using a molecular modelling approach.201424267975
in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria against clostridium difficile.clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has become a significant threat to public health. although broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy is the primary treatment option for cdi, its use has evident limitations. probiotics have been proved to be effective in the treatment of cdi and are a promising therapeutic option for cdi. in this study, 4 strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab), namely, lactobacillus rhamnosus (lr5), lactococcuslactis (sl3), bifidobacterium breve (br3), and bifidobacterium lactis (bl ...201324278635
lactobacillus rhamnosus gg on rotavirus-induced injury of ileal epithelium in gnotobiotic pigs.the aim of this study was to study the effect of continued lactobacillus rhamnosus gg strain (lgg) feeding on rotavirus gastroenteritis in the gnotobiotic (gn) pig model of virulent human rotavirus (hrv) infection.201324280990
removal of cholera toxin from aqueous solution by probiotic bacteria.cholera remains a serious health problem, especially in developing countries where basic hygiene standards are not met. the symptoms of cholera are caused by cholera toxin, an enterotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium vibrio cholerae. we have recently shown that human probiotic bacteria are capable of removing cyanobacterial toxins from aqueous solutions. in the present study we investigate the ability of the human probiotic bacteria, lactobacillus rhamnosus strain gg (atcc 53103) and bifi ...201224281668
[efficacy of combined 5-nitroimidazole and probiotic therapy of bacterial vaginosis: randomized open trial].the aim of the current research is to identify the clinical and microbiological effect of 5-nitroimidazol therapy for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis and in combination with probiotics and the influence of such therapy upon vaginal flora.201324283058
tailoring the probiotic potential of non-starter lactobacillus strains from ripened parmigiano reggiano cheese by in vitro screening and principal component analysis.non-starter lactic acid bacteria (nslab) inhabiting fermented food have been recently revised as source of probiotic strains. here, we in vitro assessed the potential probiotic aptitude of a de-replicated set of nslab previously isolated from long ripened parmigiano reggiano cheeses (22 lactobacillus rhamnosus, 18 lactobacillus paracasei, 3 lactobacillus casei, 2 lactobacillus harbinensis, and 2 lactobacillus fermentum). most strains showed moderate to good resistance to biological barriers, inc ...201424290648
characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from infant faeces as potential probiotic starter cultures for fermented sausages.a total of 109 lactic acid bacteria isolated from infant faeces were identified by partial 16s rrna, cpn60 and/or phes sequencing. lactobacillus was the most prevalent genus, representing 48% of the isolates followed by enterococcus (38%). lactobacillus gasseri (21%) and enterococcus faecalis (38%) were the main species detected. a further selection of potential probiotic starter cultures for fermented sausages focused on lactobacillus as the most technologically relevant genus in this type of p ...201424290655
engineered lactobacillus rhamnosus gg expressing igg-binding domains of protein g: capture of hyperimmune bovine colostrum antibodies and protection against diarrhea in a mouse pup rotavirus infection model.rotavirus-induced diarrhea causes more than 500,000 deaths annually in the world, and although vaccines are being made available, new effective treatment strategies should still be considered. purified antibodies derived from hyperimmune bovine colostrum (hbc), from cows immunized with rotavirus, were previously used for treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in children. a combination of hbc antibodies and a probiotic strain of lactobacillus (l. rhamnosus gg) was also found to be more effective than h ...201424291196
influence of fructooligosaccharides on the fermentation profile and viable counts in a symbiotic low fat milk.this study evaluated the effects of prebiotics on fermentation profile and growth of lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus bulgaricus, lactobacillus rhamnosus, and bifidobacterium lactis in co-cultures with streptococcus thermophilus. acidification rate and viability were positively influenced by the co-culture with b. lactis and by both inulin or oligofructose in low fat milk.201324294233
[probiotic monotherapy of bacterial vaginosis: a open, randomized trial].the aim of the current research is to establish the clinical and microbiological efficacy of the therapy with local probiotics in the treatment of anaerobic vaginal infections and the therapy's effect upon vaginal flora.201324294744
single-cell force spectroscopy of pili-mediated adhesion.although bacterial pili are known to mediate cell adhesion to a variety of substrates, the molecular interactions behind this process are poorly understood. we report the direct measurement of the forces guiding pili-mediated adhesion, focusing on the medically important probiotic bacterium lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg). using non-invasive single-cell force spectroscopy (scfs), we quantify the adhesion forces between individual bacteria and biotic (mucin, intestinal cells) or abiotic (hydroph ...201424296882
effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus cgmcc1.3724 supplementation on weight loss and maintenance in obese men and women.the present study investigated the impact of a lactobacillus rhamnosus cgmcc1.3724 (lpr) supplementation on weight loss and maintenance in obese men and women over 24 weeks. in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial, each subject consumed two capsules per d of either a placebo or a lpr formulation (1.6 × 10(8) colony-forming units of lpr/capsule with oligofructose and inulin). each group was submitted to moderate energy restriction for the first 12 weeks followed by 12 weeks of wei ...201424299712
effects of probiotics on the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis: a review.bacterial vaginosis (bv) is a common cause of genital discomfort in women in reproductive ages, which causes many complications. bacterial vaginosis is usually treated by metronidazole and clindamycin. however, this protocol does not prevent its recurrence, which is a main complaint of the patients. the number of lactobacilli in the vagina of women with bv is significantly lower than that in healthy women. hence, efforts have been made to normalize vaginal flora by oral or vaginal administration ...201424299970
maternal supplementation with lgg reduces vaccine-specific immune responses in infants at high-risk of developing allergic disease.probiotics are defined as live micro-organisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. among their pleiotropic effects, inhibition of pathogen colonization at the mucosal surface as well as modulation of immune responses are widely recognized as the principal biological activities of probiotic bacteria. in recent times, the immune effects of probiotics have led to their application as vaccine adjuvants, offering a novel strategy for enhancing the efficacy ...201324324465
the effect of alginate and chitosan concentrations on some properties of chitosan-coated alginate beads and survivability of encapsulated lactobacillus rhamnosus in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and during heat processing.in this study, chitosan-coated alginate beads were produced with different concentrations of chitosan and alginate to evaluate the survival of encapsulated lactobacillus rhamnosus gg during exposure to adverse conditions in gastrointestinal simulated juice and heat processing.201424343670
protective effects of probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus imc501 in mice treated with phip.the aim of the present study was to investigate the antigenotoxic properties of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus imc501; dna damage was induced by one representative food mutagen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (phip). mice were treated orally with suspensions of lactobacilli for 10 days before administration of food mutagen. during the treatment, the abundance of lactobacilli in feces, as assessed by qpcr analysis, increased, whereas β-glucuronidase and n-acetyl-β-glucosam ...201424346468
probiotic supplementation promotes calcification in danio rerio larvae: a molecular study.a growing number of studies have been showing that dietary probiotics can exert beneficial health effects in both humans and animals. we previously demonstrated that dietary supplementation with lactobacillus rhamnosus - a component of the human gut microflora - enhances reproduction, larval development, and the biomineralization process in danio rerio (zebrafish). the aim of this study was to identify the pathways affected by l. rhamnosus during zebrafish larval development. our morphological a ...201324358259
dose-dependent effects of lactobacillus rhamnosus on serum interleukin-17 production and intestinal t-cell responses in pigs challenged with escherichia coli.the mechanism underlying the dose effect of probiotics on ameliorating diarrhea has not been fully elucidated. here, low (1 × 10(9) cfu/ml) or high (1 × 10(11) cfu/ml) doses of lactobacillus rhamnosus atcc 7469 were administered orally to piglets for 1 week before f4 (k88)-positive enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (f4(+) etec) challenge. administration of a low, but not a high, dose of l. rhamnosus decreased the percentage of cd3(+) cd4(+) cd8(-) t cells in the peripheral blood. notably, transie ...201424389928
immunobiotic lactobacilli reduce viral-associated pulmonary damage through the modulation of inflammation-coagulation interactions.the exacerbated disease due to immune- and coagulative-mediated pulmonary injury during acute respiratory viruses infection results in severe morbidity and mortality. identifying novel approaches to modulate virus-induced inflammation-coagulation interactions could be important alternatives for treating acute respiratory viruses infections. in this study we investigated the effect of the probiotic strain lactobacillus rhamnosus crl1505 on lung tlr3-mediated inflammation, and its ability to modul ...201424394565
effect of bacterial cell-free supernatants on infectivity of norovirus surrogates.bacterial metabolic products were evaluated for inhibitory effects on viral propagation in cell culture. cell-free supernatants (cfs) were prepared from growth of enterococcus faecalis atcc 19433, pseudomonas fluorescens atcc 13525, escherichia coli 08, staphylococcus epidermidis atcc 12228, bacillus subtilis 168, bacillus coagulans 185a, b. coagulans 7050, clostridium sporogenes pa3679, and a commercial probiotic mixture of lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus rhamnosus, bifidobacterium bif ...201424406013
cohort study of probiotics in a north american neonatal intensive care unit.to determine whether routine probiotic administration to very preterm infants would reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) without adverse consequences.201424411521
antifungal activity of lactobacilli and its relationship with 3-phenyllactic acid production.in this study, 13 lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains (including 5 lactobacillus casei, 2 lactobacillus rhamnosus, 2 lactobacillus fermentum, 1 lactobacillus acidophilus, 1 lactobacillus plantarum, 1 lactobacillus sakei, and 1 lactobacillus reuteri species) were assessed for both their antifungal activity against four food spoilage molds (colletotrichum gloeosporioides, botrytis cinerea, penicillium expansum, and aspergillus flavus) and their capability to produce the novel antimicrobial compound ...201424412414
molecular cloning, expression of mind gene from lactobacillus acidophilus vtcc-b-871 and analyses to identify lactobacillus rhamnosus pn04 from vietnam hottuynia cordata thunb.the mind gene encoding an inhibitor cell division mind homolog from lactobacillus acidophilus vtcc-b-871 was cloned. we showed that there were 97 % homology between mind genes of l. acidophilus vtcc-b-871 and lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and lactobacillus rhamnosus lc705. based on the analysis of the dna sequence data from the l. rhamnosus genome project and sequenced mind gene of l. acidophilus vtcc-b-871, a pair of primers was designed to identified the different mind genes from l. acidophilus a ...201324426140
lipopolysaccharide-induced profiles of cytokine, chemokine, and growth factors produced by human decidual cells are altered by lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 supernatant.the aim of this study was to assess the effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) and lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 supernatant (gr-1sn) on secretion profiles of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors from primary cultures of human decidual cells. lipopolysaccharide significantly increased the output of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [il]-1b, il-2, il-6, il-12p70, il-15, il-17a, interferon gamma [ifn-γ], and tumor necrosis factor [tnf]); anti-inflammatory cytokines (il-1rn, il-4, i ...201424429676
probiotic screening and safety evaluation of lactobacillus strains from plants, artisanal goat cheese, human stools, and breast milk.the aim of this study was to select autochthonous strains of lactobacillus from stools of healthy infants and adults, human milk, artisanal goat cheese, and fruits and vegetables according to their probiotic properties and safety. from 421 strains of lactobacillus isolated, 102 (24.2%) were shown to be tolerant to gastric ph and bile salts; they were used to determine their anti-helicobacter pylori (agar diffusion assay), antioxidant (oxygen radical absorption capacity), and anti-inflammatory (i ...201424433075
shelf life stability of lactobacilli encapsulated in raspberry powder: insights into non-dairy probiotics.study the shelf-life quality changes in raspberry juice with encapsulated lactobacilli (lactobacillus rhamnosus nrrl b-4495 and lactobacillus acidophilus nrrl b-442) obtained by spray drying and understand the various factors involved.201424438190
commensal and probiotic bacteria may prevent nec by maturing intestinal host defenses.necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is a devastating disease of prematurity with significant morbidity and mortality. immaturity of intestinal host defenses predisposes the premature infant gut to injury. an abnormal bacterial colonization pattern with a deficiency of commensal bacteria may lead to a further breakdown of these host defense mechanisms, predisposing the infant to nec. the presence of probiotic and commensal bacteria within the gut has been shown to mature the intestinal defense system ...201424440614
prebiotics and probiotics: the prevention and reduction in severity of atopic dermatitis in children.the purpose of this review was to identify whether supplementation with prebiotics and/or probiotics help prevent the development or reduce the severity of atopic dermatitis in children less than three years of age. since 1997, immunostimulatory supplements, such as prebiotics and probiotics, have been investigated. various supplementations include probiotics (single strain or mix), probiotics with formula, probiotics mix with prebiotics, and prebiotics. in this narrative review, we examined 13 ...201424463205
probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus inhibits the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) are an essential component of the antimicrobial repertoire and represent an effective means by which neutrophils capture, contain, and kill microorganisms. however, the uncontrolled or excessive liberation of nets also damages surrounding cells and can contribute to disease pathophysiology. alterations in the gut microbiota, as well as the presence of local and systemic markers of inflammation, are strongly associated with the manifestation of a spectrum of ...201424465012
effect of two probiotic strains of lactobacillus on in vitro adherence of listeria monocytogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, and staphylococcus aureus to vaginal epithelial cells.the lactobacilli probiotics maintain a normal vaginal biota and prevent disease recurrence. this microorganisms form a pellicle on the vaginal epithelium that acts as a biologic barrier against colonization by pathogenic bacteria. in this paper were realized assays of exclusion, competition, and displacement. for these test, vaginal epithelial cells, two strains of lactobacilli and pathogenic bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus agalactiae and listeria monocytogenes) were used. the lac ...201424469557
probiotics in the prevention of recurrences of bacterial vaginosis.bacterial vaginosis (bv) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge in women during their fertile years. bv prevalence runs from 10%-50%, in part due to the high rate of recurrence after standard treatment. women with bv may experience a decreased quality of life and are at risk of serious obstetric complications. limited data are available regarding optimal management strategies for preventing recurrence of bv, emphasizing the importance of the availability of a comprehensive source of scien ...201424473986
lactobacillus rhamnosus gg protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.experimental evidence revealed that obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) is linked to changes in intestinal permeability and translocation of bacterial products to the liver. hitherto, no reliable therapy is available except for weight reduction. within this study, we examined the possible effect of the probiotic bacterial strain lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) as protective agent against experimental nafld in a mouse model.201424475018
food matrices and cell conditions influence survival of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg under heat stresses and during storage.the present study evaluated impact of moisture content and cell conditions on survival of probiotic strain, lactobacillus rhamnosus gg, under lethal heat stresses and during long-term storage using freeze-dried cells and oils as matrices. viable cell counts of freeze-dried l. rhamnosus gg cells suspended in oils had only 1-log-reduction after 5min at 80°c and approximately 3-log-reduction after 20min, while no or very few viable cells were recorded for freeze dried cells suspended in buffer and ...201424480189
lactobacillus rhamnosus and its cell-free culture supernatant differentially modulate inflammatory biomarkers in escherichia coli-challenged human dendritic cells.the intestinal immune system maintains a delicate balance between immunogenicity against invading pathogens and tolerance to the commensal microbiota and food antigens. different strains of probiotics possess the ability to finely regulate the activation of dendritic cells (dc), polarising the subsequent activity of t-cells. nevertheless, information about their underlying mechanisms of action is scarce. in the present study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of a potentially probioti ...201424480321
cariogenic effects of probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg in a dental biofilm model.probiotic bacteria have been suggested to inhibit streptococcus mutans (sm) and thus prevent dental caries. however, supporting evidence is weak and probiotic species might be cariogenic themselves. thus, we compared and combined the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) with sm and analysed the resulting mineral loss (δz) in dental tissues. we simulated three biofilm compositions (sm, lgg, sm × lgg), two lesion sites (smooth enamel, dentin cavity) and two nutrition supply frequencies (twic ...201424480927
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