Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| the seroepidemiology of hepatitis in papua new guinea. i. a long-term study of hepatitis a. | sera from 988 subjects in four ecologic zones of the sepik district and 219 subjects from four widely spaced altitudes of the bismarck range in papua new guinea were tested for antibody to the hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) by radioimmunoassay. the sepik district subjects, mostly children between three months and six years of age when first sampled in 1963, were re-bled on four occasions over the ensuing nine years. the bismarck range population was sampled only in 1964. in the sepik district, ant ... | 1981 | 7304586 |
| evolution of the hong kong influenza a sub-type. structural relationships between the haemagglutinin from a/duck/ukraine/1/63 (hav 7) and the hong kong (h3) haemagglutinins. | the relationship between the haemagglutinin from the influenza virus a/duck/ukraine/1/63 (hav 7) and the human hong kong variants (h3) has been investigated. amino-acid-sequence analysis shows that the hav 7 haemagglutinin closely resembles the 1968 human h3 haemagglutinin in structure. however, the number of amino-acid-sequence differences (23) suggest that the hong kong haemagglutinin gene did not come directly from a/duck/ukraine/1/63 but from a virus derived from it by antigenic drift during ... | 1981 | 7306060 |
| a two year survey on the control of the importation of captive birds into great britain. | the operation of the importation of captive birds order 1976 is described. in the first 24 months that the order was effective, a total of 183,189 birds were landed. of these 5829 (3.18 per cent) were dead on arrival, 8643 (4.71 per cent) died in quarantine and 474 batches of carcases were submitted for post mortem examination. chlamydia infections were diagnosed in birds from 14 quarantine/isolation lots and salmonellae were isolated from 23 lots. thirty-six haemagglutinating agents were isolat ... | 1980 | 7355561 |
| persistence of viral hepatitis a and b in an isolated caucasian population. | the persistence of viral hepatitis a (hav) and hepatitis b (hbv) in the faroe islands, a caucasian, high sanitary standard, isolated area, was studied by means of notified clinical cases of hepatitis and by specific antibody testing of population samples. large epidemics of hepatitis occurred on the faroe islands in 1928-1930 and 1955-1958, although sporadic cases have been continuously recorded. presence of antibody to hav (anti-hav) was confined to age groups exposed to the epidemics, while an ... | 1980 | 7395849 |
| a military community outbreak of hepatitis type a related to transmission in a child care facility. | an outbreak of hepatitis type a occurred among military personnel and dependents on a military post in anchorage, alaska, august 1976-april 1977. one hundred sixteen clinical cases of hepatitis were identified over a nine-month-period. ninety-six per cent of those cases that were tested demonstrated igm antibody to hepatitis a virus. a large child care facility was implicated as a major focus of hepatitis virus transmission. sixty-four (55%) of the cases were directly or indirectly linked to the ... | 1980 | 7424896 |
| epidemiologic characteristics of hepatitis a virus infections in greece. | the major epidemiologic characteristics of hepatitis a virus (nav) infections in greece were studied in a sample of 877 air force recruits, 19-25 years old coming from every geographic region of greece. antibodies to hav (anti-hav) were detected by solid phase radioimmunoassay in 83.8% of the recruits. antibody frequency varied significantly in the various geographic regions of greece and was inversely related to the size of the community. it was further shown that the prevalence of hav infectio ... | 1980 | 7424897 |
| ["markers" of infection with hepatitis a and b viruses among office workers in a heavy industry]. | the spread of "a" and "b" hepatitis virus in a limited working environment has been evaluated and the main serum "markers" of this infection (hbsag, anti-hbs, anti-hbc, anti-hav) have been researched in 187 subjects (males and females) after being taken on by a large company in northern italy. this research, carried out again after 8--10 months from hiring, showed a moderate spread of "b"virus in 6,4% of the subjects observed. this finding is probably due to deficient personal hygiene rather tha ... | 1980 | 7432693 |
| passively acquired antibody to hepatitis a virus in thai infants. | 1980 | 7444583 | |
| testing for viral hepatitis. | advances made within the past decade in the delineation of the structural components of the hepatitis b virus (hbv), including the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and the hepatitis b core antigen (hbc), have resulted in the recent commercial availability of new methods of serologic testing. these tests, which include the core antigen antibody (anti-hbc) and the surface antibody (anti-hbs), facilitate the diagnosis and management of this illness by primary care physicians. in addition, a sero ... | 1980 | 7452164 |
| serologic studies of hepatitis viruses for their aetiologic role in chronic liver disease. | serum samples from 130 patients with chronic (persistent or active) hepatitis, including cirrhosis, and 70 patients with chronic alcoholic disease, all confirmed by biopsy, were examined by counter electrophoresis (cep) for hbsag. the patients were residents in the south-transdanubian region of hungary. of the former 25%, of the latter 3%, proved positive. in 138 of the cases, 4 different tests were performed, viz. cep, complement fixation, reverse passive haemagglutination (rph) and radioimmuno ... | 1980 | 7457011 |
| [serologic diagnosis of acute hepatitis a. refinement and evaluation of 3 methods of determining specific anti-hav igm]. | a solid phase radioimmunoassay (ria) procedure was developed and three methods for detection of igm specific antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav igm) were compared: triple antibody method, 2-mercaptoethanol (2-me) for igm cleavage and staphylococcal a protein (stap) for igg absorption. specificity and sensitivity of the tests were checked for evaluating acute and convalescent sera from 40 patients with serologically (seroconversion) diagnosed hepatitis a and 64 sera from patients with variou ... | 1980 | 7459120 |
| nosocomial viral hepatitis. | viral hepatitis has long been recognized as a hazard in the health care environment. nosocomial hepatitis b initially emerged in the setting of transfusion-associated infection and later in patients in dialysis units and on oncology wards. health care workers are also at risk of acquiring nosocomial hepatitis b and more likely to acquire the infection from their patients than vice versa. rare instances of nosocomially-transmitted hepatitis a have been documented, but hepatitis a virus excretion ... | 1981 | 7468625 |
| picornavirus internal ribosome entry segments: comparison of translation efficiency and the requirements for optimal internal initiation of translation in vitro. | on the basis of primary sequence comparisons and secondary structure predictions, picornavirus internal ribosome entry segments (ireses) have been divided into three groups (entero- and rhinoviruses; cardio- and and aphthoviruses; and hepatitis a virus). here, we describe a detailed comparison of the ability of ireses from each group to direct internal initiation of translation in vitro using a single dicistronic mrna (the only variable being the ires inserted into the dicistronic region). we st ... | 1995 | 7478993 |
| [seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection in street children of goiânia-goiás]. | a cross-sectional study was performed to determine the age-prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) among street youth from goiania city--central brazil, and to determine if any risk factors could be identified. the surveys were conducted between 1991/1992. the street youth were 397 individuals aged 7 to 21 years old living in institutions and teenagers working at streets. then, 313 adolescents working at streets and with family links, and 84 institutionalized ones without family were screened for ... | 1995 | 7480913 |
| identification and site-directed mutagenesis of the primary (2a/2b) cleavage site of the hepatitis a virus polyprotein: functional impact on the infectivity of hav rna transcripts. | the junction between 2a and 2b proteins of the hepatitis a virus (hav) polyprotein is processed by the virus-encoded 3c protease to liberate the precursor for capsid proteins, but details of this cleavage remain poorly defined. we identified the location of this primary cleavage by a novel approach involving expression of hav polypeptides in eukaryotic cells via recombinant vaccinia viruses. a substrate polyprotein spanning the putative hav 2a/2b site was fused at its c-terminus to a poliovirus ... | 1995 | 7483265 |
| sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the vp1 gene in two cell culture-adapted hav strains from a unique pathogenic isolate. | the nucleotide sequences of the vp1 coding region of two newly characterized, cell culture-adapted hepatitis a virus (hav) strains (rg-sb11 and rg-sb16) were analyzed and compared with homologous regions of previously characterized hav strains of human or monkey origin, and at different levels of tissue-culture adaptation. in particular, hm175wt and its derivative strains and mbb, lcdc1, pa21, and agm27 isolates were considered. rg-sb11 and rg-sb16 hav strains were derived from a pathogenic isol ... | 1995 | 7483287 |
| vaccination against hepatitis a virus in french hemophilic children. | 1995 | 7483502 | |
| safety, immunogenicity, and kinetics of the immune response to a single dose of virosome-formulated hepatitis a vaccine in thais. | the safety and immunogenicity of a single dose of virosome-formulated hepatitis a vaccine was evaluated in healthy seronegative thai volunteers. immunization elicited primarily mild transient reactions which did not interfere with normal activities. all subjects possessed > 20 miu of anti-hepatitis a virus antibody per ml of serum one month after immunization. such a prolonged rise in antibody titre is characteristic of virosome-formulated vaccines. protective titres (> 20 miu ml-1) were maintai ... | 1995 | 7483760 |
| antigenicity of hepatitis a virus after ultra-violet inactivation. | ultra-violet (uv) treatment has been shown to inactivate hepatitis a virus (hav) in wastewater and polluted drinking water. whether this method could be used to inactivate virus preparations made for vaccine purposes is not known since the effect of uv on the antigenicity of hav has not been studied. hav vaccine preparations have been treated effectively with formaldehyde. however, this method is time-consuming, since treatment times of up to 15 days have been published as necessary for a comple ... | 1995 | 7483806 |
| detection of norwalk virus and hepatitis a virus in shellfish tissues with the pcr. | a method for the detection of norwalk virus and hepatitis a virus from shellfish tissues by pcr was developed. virus was added to the stomach and hepatopancreatic tissues of oysters or hard-shell clams, and viral nucleic acids were purified by a modification of a previously described method (r.l. atmar, t.g. metcalf, f.h. neill, and m.k. estes, appl. environ. microbiol. 59:631-635, 1993). the new method had the following advantages compared with the previously described method: (i) more rapid sa ... | 1995 | 7487032 |
| the proposed gene for vp1 of hav encodes for a larger protein than that observed in hav-infected cells and virions. | the termini of hepatitis a virus (hav) mature proteins have been assigned mainly by their homology to other picornaviruses and their apparent electrophoretic mobility; the proposed coding sequence for vp1 is supposed to encompass 900 nucleotides from position 2208 to 3107 of the hav genome. in order to further characterize this protein, we analyzed the in vitro-and in vivo-synthesized translation products of the putative vp1 gene. cdna coding for full-length vp1 was cloned under the control of a ... | 1995 | 7491792 |
| virucidal short wavelength ultraviolet light treatment of plasma and factor viii concentrate: protection of proteins by antioxidants. | the use of solvent/detergent mixtures and various forms of heat treatment to inactivate viruses has become widespread in the preparation of blood derivatives. because viruses that lack lipid envelopes and/or are heat resistant, eg, hepatitis a virus (hav) or parvovirus b19 may be present, the use of two methods of virus elimination that operate by different mechanisms has been advocated. we now report on short wavelength ultraviolet light (uvc) irradiation for virus inactivation and enhancement ... | 1995 | 7492794 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis a in valencia, spain: public health implications. | between july 1988 and july 1989, sera from 1223 persons resident in the valencia area of spain were tested for antibodies against the hepatitis a virus. sixty-five per cent of serum samples were positive for anti-hav (95% confidence interval = 62.4-67.6). the prevalence of anti-hav increased significantly with age (odds ratio > 50 years = 69.8; 95% confidence interval = 26.5-183.4) and previous history of hepatitis a (odds ratio = 2.1; 95% confidence interval = 1.4-3.2). prevalence decreased wit ... | 1995 | 7493309 |
| the 3' untranslated region of picornavirus rna: features required for efficient genome replication. | the role of the 3' untranslated region (3'utr) in the replication of enteroviruses has been studied with a series of mutants derived from either poliovirus type 3 (pv3) or a pv3 replicon containing the reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. replication was observed when the pv3 3'utr was replaced with that of either coxsackie b4 virus, human rhinovirus 14 (hrv14), bovine enterovirus, or hepatitis a virus, despite the lack of sequence and secondary structure homology of the 3'utrs of th ... | 1995 | 7494295 |
| hepatitis a virus and blood products: virus validation studies. | as there have been reports of the transmission of hepatitis a virus by single units of blood, virus validation studies were carried out to determine the fate of the virus at four major steps (cryoprecipitation, solvent/detergent inactivation, deae chromatography and lyophilization) involved in the production of solvent-detergent inactivated factor viii products. if the reduction in infectivity is additive over the four steps, the total reduction would be between 8.6 and 9.3 log10. it is unlikely ... | 1995 | 7495962 |
| hepatitis a virus and polymerase chain reaction amplification: methodology and results. | hepatitis a infection among patients receiving solvent/detergent inactivated factor viii preparations in various locations in europe have been documented recently. in investigations in italy, germany and ireland, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification was used to detect hepatitis a virus in frozen plasma pools, purified factor viii, patient sera and samples from animal transmission studies; nucleic acid sequencing was used to clarify and identify the virus responsible based upon genotype ... | 1995 | 7495964 |
| detection of infectious hepatitis a virus in blood factor concentrates by experimental infection of the new world primate saguinus fuscicollis. | at present, the hepatitis a virus cannot be detected readily by cell culture techniques. however, the new world primate saguinus fuscicolis is particularly susceptible to this virus. this paper gives details of the in vivo detection of hepatitis a virus in s. fuscicolis, and the method is used to show that a blood factor viii preparation, suspected of being contaminated with hepatitis a, did not contain the virus. | 1995 | 7495965 |
| development and biochemical characterization of a double-virus-inactivated factor viii preparation. | this paper describes the development of a double-virus-inactivated preparation. the original goal was to inactivate and/or remove parvovirus from plasma-derived factor viii. more recently, attention has also been focused on the controversial issue of transmission of the non-lipid-coated hepatitis a virus by preparations of factor viii which have been solvent/detergent-treated and purified by ion-exchange chromatography. | 1995 | 7495967 |
| virus validation experiments on the production process of octavi sdplus. | the inactivation of both transfusion-relevant and model viruses by modified pasteurization has been evaluated following the established guidelines of the european union committee for proprietary medical products ad hoc working party on biotechnology/pharmacy. this heat treatment in solution for 10 h at 63 degrees c was introduced into the manufacturing process of octavi, a very high purity factor viii concentrate stabilized by von willebrand factor. it could be demonstrated that both enveloped ( ... | 1995 | 7495968 |
| autoimmune hepatitis following hepatitis a virus infection. | a 7-year-old patient is reported who suffered from fatigue and jaundice due to chronic hepatitis. he had acquired hepatitis a virus infection in his community and communicated the disease to his german family 4 weeks later. while the other family members recovered from acute viral hepatitis a, the patient presented 10 weeks after the onset of hyperbilirubinemia (12 mg/dl) with the histology of chronic hepatitis, absence of markers for viral persistence, presence of autoantibodies against smooth ... | 1995 | 7499793 |
| cell-mediated immunity in owl monkeys following inoculation with hepatitis a virus. | 1995 | 7502862 | |
| transmission of hepatitis a to patients with hemophilia by factor viii concentrates treated with organic solvent and detergent to inactivate viruses. the italian collaborative group. | to determine whether an outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection that occurred in 52 patients with hemophilia in italy was acquired through infusion of contaminated factor viii or through environmental enteric transmission. | 1994 | 7504424 |
| simple method of concentrating enteroviruses and hepatitis a virus from sewage and ocean water for rapid detection by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. | a rapid and simple method was developed to detect enteroviruses and hepatitis a virus (hav) in sewage and ocean water. sewage samples were concentrated by centriprep-100 and centricon-100 at 1,000 x g. samples collected from estuary and near-shore surf zone ocean water in southern california were concentrated by vortex flow filtration and microconcentration. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), with enterovirus primers or hav capsid-specific primers, was used to detect enter ... | 1993 | 7504433 |
| prevalence of markers of hepatitis viruses a, b, c and of hiv in healthy individuals and patients of a cambodian province. | so far little was known on the epidemiology of hepatitis a, b, c and of aids in cambodia and especially not in the rural area of takeo. therefore serological markers for past or ongoing infections with the disease causing viruses were measured in 559 healthy individuals (305 adults, 200 children and 54 mothers of children with liver disorders) and in 185 individuals (103 adults and 82 children) with liver or kidney diseases. in none of the 744 samples tested was anti-hiv detected. 10-37% of the ... | 1993 | 7505485 |
| [search for t-epitopes of the hepatitis a virus using synthetic peptides]. | computer search for probable t-epitopes of the hepatitis a virus capsid proteins was performed using developed integrated set of programmes. the following peptides were chosen and synthesised by solid phase technique: 75-92 vp1, 115-139 vp1, 209-221 vp1, 69-99 vp2, 80-99 vp2, 45-57 vp3, 137-150 vp3 and 1-23 vp4. peptides 1-17 vp1, 10-33 vp1, 11-25 vp1, 75-85 vp1 and 276-298 vp1 previously examined as probable b-epitopes were used as well. all the peptides were tested for their ability to stimula ... | 1993 | 7509604 |
| synthetic peptides in the determination of hepatitis a virus t-cell epitopes. | computer search for probable t-epitopes of hepatitis a virus capsid proteins was performed using an integrated set of programs. eight segments of the vp1, vp2, vp3 and vp4 proteins were chosen and synthesised. five peptides previously examined as probable b-epitopes were used as well. all the peptides were tested for their ability to stimulate proliferation of lymph node t-cells primed with synthetic peptides. almost all predicted t-epitopes affected the t-cell proliferation. none of the peptide ... | 1994 | 7515358 |
| specific detection of minus strand hepatitis a virus rna by tail-pcr following reverse transcription. | 1994 | 7516065 | |
| development of a method for detection of enteroviruses in shellfish by pcr with poliovirus as a model. | the application of the pcr to complex samples is hindered by amplification inhibitors. we describe a reverse transcription-pcr-based method capable of inhibitor removal for the detection of enteroviruses in shellfish. initial virus extraction stages based on a modified polyethylene glycol precipitation technique (g.d. lewis and t.g. metcalf, appl. environ. microbiol. 54:1983-1988, 1988) were followed by virus purification with 1,1,2-trichloro,2,2,1-trifluoroethane and concentration by ultrafiltr ... | 1994 | 7521997 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis and hiv infection among rural pregnant women in cameroon. | since some hepatitis viruses and the human immunodeficiency viruses share common modes of transmission, such as the sexual route, we undertook to investigate the prevalence of antibodies to these and other pathogens among 384 rural pregnant women. our study was intended to form the basis of infection management policies in pregnancy. antibodies and other markers of the hepatitis a, b, c, and d viruses (hav, hbv, hcv, hdv), the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and treponema pallidum we ... | 1994 | 7524547 |
| [tiber environment and infections: antibodies to hantaviruses, leptospira, borrelia and hepatitis a virus in subjects active on the river banks]. | 1993 | 7524553 | |
| [modeling antigenic determinants of the hepatitis a virus using synthetic peptides]. | monoclonal and polyclonal anti-hepatitis a (hav) antibodies were used to search for peptides mimicking the antigenic determinants of hav. synthetic peptides vp1 115-139, vp1 117-139, vp1 126-139, vp2 69-99, vp2 80-99, vp3 45-57, vp3 137-150, were shown to bind the anti-hav antibodies in elisa. peptides vp1 115-139, vp1 117-139, vp2 69-99 were utilized to produce the antipeptide antibodies. mice were immunized with the free peptides or with their conjugates with ovalbumin. only the free vp2 69-99 ... | 1994 | 7527634 |
| detection of naturally occurring enteroviruses and hepatitis a virus in undigested and anaerobically digested sludge using the polymerase chain reaction. | four undigested and four anaerobically digested sewage sludge samples were analyzed for enteroviruses and hepatitis a virus using seminested and double polymerase chain reaction (pcr), respectively. for enteroviruses, all eight samples were positive when detection was by seminested pcr. using cell culture all samples except two digested sludge samples were positive. for hepatitis a virus, seven out of eight samples were positive by pcr detection. in all samples, pcr inhibitory substances were re ... | 1994 | 7528092 |
| separate detection of the two complementary rna strands of hepatitis a virus. | the minus strand of hepatitis a virus can be detected specifically by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification in infected cell culture extracts. several controls gave evidence that the amplified fragment actually used the minus strand as initial template. non-thermostable reverse transcriptase was not efficient for this purpose because of self-priming of the positive-stranded viral rna during the reverse transcription step. this problem was overcome by the use of the th ... | 1994 | 7532650 |
| hepatitis a, b and c seroprevalence in pakistan. | a cross sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis a, b, and c virus in healthy pakistani children. hav igg antibody was assayed in 258 subjects and it was found that 94% children by 5 years of age had hav igg-antibody. the overall seroprevalence of hav igg antibody was 55.8% and igm 5.3%. hbvsab levels assayed in 236 healthy children showed a seroprevalence of 2.97%. similarly, hcv antibody seroprevalence was found to be a low 0.44% in healthy children. hav is a ... | 1994 | 7538098 |
| effects of simultaneous rhg-csf and methylprednisolone "pulse" therapy on hepatitis a virus-associated haemophagocytic syndrome. | 1995 | 7540559 | |
| localization of a sequential b-epitope in the vp2 protein of hepatitis a virus. | a set of synthetic peptides derived from the capsid protein of hepatitis a virus was used to search for b-epitopes. peptides from the 115-139 region of the vp1 protein, from the 69-99 region of the vp2 protein and peptide 137-150 from the vp3 protein were found to react with monoclonal and polyclonal anti-hav antibodies. maps based on 64-80 and 66-80 fragments of vp3 were reactive as well. peptides, their conjugates with protein carriers and maps were used for antipeptide antibody production. on ... | 1995 | 7541374 |
| mimicry of the immunodominant conformation-dependent antigenic site of hepatitis a virus by motifs selected from synthetic peptide libraries. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a positive-strand rna virus with a genome length of approximately 7,480 nucleotides. although hav morphogenesis is thought to be similar to that of poliovirus, the prototype picornavirus, the complete characterization of the antigenic structure of this virus remains elusive. all the available evidences, however, support the existence, on hav virions and empty capsids, of an immunodominant neutralization antigenic site which is conformation dependent and whose structure ... | 1995 | 7543581 |
| [the prevalence of viral hepatitis markers in the general population]. | the study objective was to measure the characteristic serological markers prevalence for viral hepatitis a, viral hepatitis b and viral hepatitis delta in a representative group from apparent healthy general population. viral hepatitis infections represent through their frequency and gravity a public health problem, in our country. a total of 860 subjects from 13 districts sided in the south part of the country were investigated. the sample were distributed by 9 age group. by using a certain wor ... | 1995 | 7549250 |
| prevalence of viral markers among refugees from southern albania: increased incidence of infection with hepatitis a, b and d viruses. | since 1991, thousands of refugees from southern albania have entered north-western greece, an area with low-to-moderate endemicity for infection with hepatitis viruses. we examined the prevalence of several markers of viral infection in this population in order to ascertain the likely impact of its presence on the epidemiology of hepatitis infections in north-western greece. | 1995 | 7552639 |
| [immunogenicity and tolerance of a combined hepatitis a/b vaccine. preliminary results with a candidate vaccine]. | active immunization against hepatitis a having been undertaken in germany since january 1993, a multicentre study was conducted to test, for the first time, immunogenicity of and tolerance to a candidate vaccine against hepatitis a and b. | 1995 | 7555671 |
| [an expanding spectrum of hepatitis viruses]. | 1994 | 7555796 | |
| immunogenicity and safety of a new inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in a comparative study. | a multicentre, controlled, randomised, open, comparative trial including 839 healthy adult volunteers was carried out in order to compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of two vaccines against hepatitis a virus (hav) during primary immunization and after booster injection. the first vaccine was produced by pasteur mérieux (pm), and the second vaccine by smith-kline beecham (skb). the vaccination schedule consisted of 2 doses (months 0, 6) for pm and 3 doses (months 0, 1, and 6) for skb. t ... | 1995 | 7561805 |
| human t-lymphotropic virus type-i, and hepatitis a, b and c viruses in nepal: a serological survey. | in 1987, 676 blood samples were collected from inhabitants of the bhadrakali and kotyang villages in nepal. the samples were tested for the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav), hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), antibody to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc), second-generation antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) and antibody to human t-lymphotropic virus type-i (anti-htlv-i). anti-hav was present in 99.3% of the people surveyed. the prevalence of anti-hav reached 100% ... | 1995 | 7563265 |
| symptomatic hepatitis a virus infection during the first year of life. | 1995 | 7567297 | |
| hepatitis a updated. | 1995 | 7570128 | |
| seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a (anti-hav) in singapore: the nfdd experience. | at the 4th national foundation for digestive disease (nfdd) day in 1991 where public lectures on prevention of hepatitis and early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma were given, screening of sera obtained from 364 registrants for antibodies to hepatitis a (igg) was undertaken. the overall sero-prevalence rate was 50%, with 55% for males and 46% for females with antibodies for hav. none of the subjects below 20 years old had antibodies to hav. this rose to 16% for those 21-30 years old and 92% ... | 1995 | 7570129 |
| liver pathology in rural south-west cameroon. | in a prospective study, 102 hospital patients with liver disease were evaluated in west cameroon, africa. blood donors, pregnant women and patients without liver disease served as controls. a total of 757 individuals were tested for markers of hepatitis a, b, c and d and for immunological markers (autoantibodies, procollagen iii, alpha-foetoprotein, ca50 antigen, alpha-1-antitrypsin and antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2). one-third of the liver disease patients had focal l ... | 1995 | 7570883 |
| an infectious cdna clone of a cytopathic hepatitis a virus: genomic regions associated with rapid replication and cytopathic effect. | rapidly replicating, cytopathic (rr/cpe+) variants of hepatitis a virus (hav) isolated from persistently infected bs-c-1 cells have numerous mutations from cell culture-adapted rr/cpe- hav. to determine which mutations in one rr/cpe+ virus, hm175/18f, determine enhanced replication in bs-c-1 cells, a series of chimeric viruses was rescued from infectious cdnas in which hm175/18f genomic segments were placed within the background of a related rr/cpe- virus, hav/7. chimeric viruses containing the ... | 1995 | 7571438 |
| detection of hepatitis b and hepatitis c viral sequences in fulminant hepatic failure of unknown etiology. | in a significant number of patients, the etiology of fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) is unknown. to determine whether hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) play a role in patients without serologic markers of hbv and hcv infection, the authors examined tissue samples from 15 liver explants with massive hepatic necrosis for the presence of viral sequences by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the specimens were derived from nine patients with fhf of unknown etiology; two with seru ... | 1995 | 7572821 |
| the risk of viral hepatitis a, b, c, and e among north american missionaries. | the seroprevalence and incidence of hepatitis a, b, c, and e virus infection were determined among north american missionaries (n = 328) serving in various geographic locations between 1967 and 1984. the mean age of subjects at entry into the study was 39.7 years (range 5-73 years); 65% were female; 89% had lived outside the united states before the study began. seventy-eight percent of subjects served in sub-saharan africa during the study. at initial evaluation, 50.9% of the subjects had antib ... | 1995 | 7573702 |
| concentration and purification of beef extract mock eluates from water samples for the detection of enteroviruses, hepatitis a virus, and norwalk virus by reverse transcription-pcr. | in this study we developed a concentration and purification procedure to facilitate reverse transcription (rt)-pcr detection of enteric viruses in water sample concentrates obtained by conventional filter adsorption-elution methods. one liter of beef extract-glycine eluate with or without humic acid and seeded with poliovirus type 1, hepatitis a virus, and norwalk virus was used as a model system, and the eluent was further processed for rt-pcr compatibility. the sample concentration and purific ... | 1995 | 7574592 |
| [vaccination against hepatitis a virus. is it worthwhile?]. | 1995 | 7577115 | |
| a serosurvey of water-borne pathogens amongst canoeists in south africa. | certain health risks have been associated with recreational exposure to faecally polluted water. canoeing in certain south african waters is considered to be a high risk activity with regard to schistosomiasis, gastroenteritis and possibly hepatitis. in a cross-sectional study, a serosurvey was conducted amongst canoeists to ascertain whether or not they had a higher seroprevalence to hepatitis a virus, norwalk virus and schistosoma spp. than non-canoeists. in comparisons between the two groups, ... | 1995 | 7589269 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis a among south african patients with hemophilia: evidence implicating contaminated factor viii concentrate as the source. | we report an outbreak of hepatitis a in nine south african hemophiliacs treated exclusively with infusions of factor viii concentrate. the solvent/detergent (s/d) method (which does not inactivate nonenveloped viruses) was used for virus eradication. in three of six patients studied at a molecular level hepatitis a virus (hav) complementary dna (cdna) amplified from serum by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was identical to hav cdna in 1 of 14 lots (no. 53) of factor viii ... | 1995 | 7590648 |
| who should receive hepatitis a vaccine? | 1995 | 7603804 | |
| nosocomial transmission of hepatitis a in a pediatric hospital traced to an anti-hepatitis a virus-negative patient with immunodeficiency. | from july through october 1991, an outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection involving 26 hospital staff, inpatients and household contacts occurred in a pediatric hospital. all ill staff members had cared for one inpatient who had profuse diarrhea with gross fecal contamination of the environment, negative hav serology and idiopathic immunodeficiency. hav infection in this patient was later confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. among hospital staff hav attack rates were highest in nursing ... | 1995 | 7603805 |
| short report: relative risk of hepatitis a and e among foreigners in nepal. | sera from two groups of patients in nepal with acute hepatitis were examined for the presence of antibodies to the hepatitis a, b, c, and e viruses to determine the etiology of viral hepatitis. the first group consisted of 43 consecutive acute hepatitis patients presenting at a clinic for tourists and foreign residents in kathmandu from january 1987 to june 1988. the other group consisted of 95 consecutive acute hepatitis patients admitted during the same period at a hospital used predominantly ... | 1995 | 7611554 |
| risk for british travellers of acquiring hepatitis a. | 1995 | 7613453 | |
| new epidemiological patterns of hepatitis a and b infections in germany. | a sero-prevalence study of antibodies against the hepatitis a and b virus is described along with the prevalence of the surface antigen of the hepatitis b virus (hbs1 ag). two groups are compared: the first comprising young adults born between 1961 and 1968; the second, an older population aged 50 and above. results show that only 3.9% of the younger population were found to have antibodies against the hepatitis a virus, in sharp contrast to the older generation in whom the prevalence of antibod ... | 1995 | 7619200 |
| immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in anti-hiv positive and negative homosexual men. | the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine were assessed in anti-hiv positive homosexual men. fourteen anti-hiv positive (group 1) and 20 anti-hiv negative (group 2) men received vaccine (containing 720 elisa units of hepatitis a antigen per dose) intramuscularly at 0, 1, and 6 months. twelve unvaccinated anti-hiv positive men (group 3) were included as controls to evaluate disease progression. seroconversion (anti-hepatitis v virus (hav) > or = 20 mlu/m ... | 1995 | 7623005 |
| prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus among new immigrants in israel. | israel, located in a region endemic for hepatitis a virus (hav), recently absorbed a large population of immigrants who came from the former ussr. to assess the risk of high morbidity in this population a serosurvey of hav antibodies was undertaken. serum samples were collected from 965 new immigrants, of whom 664 came from the european, non-endemic region, and 301 from the asian and caucasian endemic regions of the former soviet union. they were compared to 240 israelis. each population was div ... | 1995 | 7623008 |
| a community-wide outbreak of hepatitis a: risk factors for infection among homosexual and bisexual men. | to assess risk factors for hepatitis a infection among homosexual and bisexual men during a community-wide outbreak of hepatitis a in new york city. | 1995 | 7625417 |
| [the efficacy of the prevaccination detection of anti-hav in hepatitis a vaccination programs]. | the convenience of carrying out prevaccination detection studies of hepatitis a virus (hav) markers depends on the relative costs of the detection and vaccination, as well as the prevalence of susceptible subjects in each population group to be vaccinated. the aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of the systematic prevaccination detection of anti-hav antibodies in catalonia, spain. | 1995 | 7630228 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in hemophiliacs. | israel is endemic for hepatitis e virus (hev), the causative agent of enteric non-a, non-b hepatitis. transmission is via the feco-oral route but the possibility of transmission through blood transfusion has been raised. this question was addressed by examining sera from 188 hemophilic patients in israel, screening was performed with an enzyme immunoassay (eia) for antibody against hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) and confirmed with a neutralization test. sixteen patients (9%) were seropositive for ... | 1995 | 7636504 |
| hepatitis a viruses with deletions in the 2a gene are infectious in cultured cells and marmosets. | the 2a gene of hepatitis a virus (hav) bears no obvious similarity to the corresponding genes of other picornaviruses and has no known function. in a preliminary effort to gain information about the hav 2a gene product, we constructed several hav cdnas containing deletions of 30 or 45 nucleotides in the predicted central portion of the 2a gene. these deletions did not affect the sites of protein processing, although the rates or efficiencies of polyprotein cleavage at the surrounding cleavage ju ... | 1995 | 7637003 |
| hepatitis a vaccine gains marketing approval. | 1995 | 7641029 | |
| prevalence of hepatitis a antibody among disadvantaged gypsy children in northern spain. | the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis a virus (hav) in a group of socially and economically disadvantaged spanish gypsy children was compared to that of a group of non-gypsy middle-class children. the study included 438 children, 73 gypsies (38 girls and 35 boys, mean age 8.5 years, age range 2-16 years) and 365 non-gypsy controls, randomly selected by age. the presence of anti-hav was investigated using elisa. among the gypsy children, 82% had antibodies to hav compared with 9.3% of the child ... | 1995 | 7641829 |
| [analysis of the efficiency of the screening of anti-hva igg antibodies before active or passive immunization]. | the epidemiological patron of hepatitis a has changed in the last few years and a decrease of the anti-hepatitis a antibodies igg (anti-hva) have been observed at early ages, which will accompany in the future an increase of symptomatic hepatitis. the prevention of hepatitis a requires a strict application of the norms of personal and environmental hygiene and the administration of vaccines or immunoglobulins. in order to determine the convenience of immunization actively or passively with or wi ... | 1995 | 7644884 |
| new developments in hepatitis a control. | an inactivated vaccine for hepatitis a was recently licensed in canada. this is the first important development in control of the disease in 50 years. this article presents new information about the vaccine and about the groups who might benefit from it. it also provides a review of the clinical and epidemiological aspects of hepatitis a. | 1995 | 7647625 |
| preventing hepatitis a infections. national advisory committee on immunization statement. laboratory centre for disease control. | 1995 | 7647629 | |
| [study on the contamination of ruditapes philippinarum by hav in jiaozhou bay and its counter-measures]. | six surveillance spots were set up in jiaozhou bay to examine the contamination of ruditapes philippinarum (r. p) by hav. specimens were collected regularly every month. seventy-five specimens were collected in july 1991-aug 1992. the precursor rna of hav was detected by methods of pcr, rna dot-blot hybridization and hav isolation. it showed that r. p. had been contaminated by hav in some areas of the bay at times, but the virus was in a state of inactivity. epidemiologic investigation in the sa ... | 1995 | 7648635 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of a cytopathic hepatitis a virus strain isolated in italy. | the molecular basis of the cytopathic effect induced in cell culture by some hepatitis a virus (hav) strains and variants has not been determined. in order to assess the molecular mechanism(s) underlying this particular phenotype the genome of an italian cytopathic isolate (strain fg) was sequenced from cdnas obtained by rt-pcr. sequence analysis revealed the presence of mutations common to either adapted or cytopathic variants of hav. in particular, amino acid deletions in proteins vp1 and 3a w ... | 1995 | 7653108 |
| [a trial of a hepatitis a cultured inactivated vaccine on rhesus macaques]. | in this work experimental model of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in macaques rhesus was used. in 6 seronegative monkeys immunized with the inactivated vaccine (3 injections of 0.3 micrograms of viral protein each at an interval of 1 month) pronounced antibody response was observed. the dynamics and titers of anti-hav antibodies were similar to those in 5 rhesus macaques which received the active virus. but, in contrast to the latter, no igm antibodies were detected in the immunized animals. ... | 1995 | 7653138 |
| need for vaccination of sewer workers against leptospirosis and hepatitis a. | this study compared the prevalence of leptospira interrogans and hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies in serum samples from sewer workers and controls. | 1995 | 7663634 |
| risk factors and prevalence of hepatitis e in german immigrants from the former soviet union. | worldwide there is only limited information on the epidemiology of hepatitis e virus (hev) and its association with other hepatotropic viruses. endemic regions have been described in some asian countries, whereas in europe only sporadic cases have been reported. the prevalence of hev and a series of other viral hepatitis infections was investigated in a group of 1,025 individuals immigrating into germany from the former soviet union. serum samples were tested for anti-hev by a commercial enzyme ... | 1995 | 7666043 |
| temperature-sensitive hepatitis a virus mutants with deletions downstream of the first pyrimidine-rich tract of the 5' nontranslated rna are impaired in rna synthesis. | hepatitis a virus (hav) mutants containing large deletions within the first pyrimidine-rich tract (py1; nucleotides [nt] 99 to 138) of the 5' nontranslated rna (5'ntr) replicate well in cultured cells, while those with py1 deletions which extend in a 3' direction to include nt 140 to 144 (cuugu) have a temperature-sensitive (ts) replication phenotype (d.r. shaffer, e.a. brown, and s.m. lemon, j. virol. 68:5568-5578, 1994). to characterize this replication defect, the ts mutant delta 131-144 was ... | 1995 | 7666551 |
| a hepatitis a virus deletion mutant which lacks the first pyrimidine-rich tract of the 5' nontranslated rna remains virulent in primates after direct intrahepatic nucleic acid transfection. | cell culture-adapted variants of hepatitis a virus (hav) in which the first pyrimidine-rich tract (py1; nucleotides 99 to 138) of the 5' nontranslated region has been deleted (delta 96-137 or delta 96-139) replicate as well as parental virus in cultured cells (d.r. shaffer, e.a. brown, and s.m. lemon, j. virol. 68:5568-5578, 1994). to determine whether viruses with such large deletion mutations are able to replicate and to produce acute hepatitis in primates, we reconstructed the delta 96-137 de ... | 1995 | 7666566 |
| microbiological quality of drinking water and using water of a chao phya river community, bangkok. | safe water is essential for good health of humans. the contamination of water with infected fecal material is common in areas with poor standards of hygiene and sanitation. the determination of microbiological quality of water is essential. simple routine testing of the bacteriological quality of drinking water is designed to detect the presence of coliform bacteria and virological assessment is to detect the presence of enteric viruses, especially hepatitis a virus (hav). therefore, this study ... | 1994 | 7667704 |
| risk factors for hepatitis a infection in france: drinking tap water may be of importance. | the prevalence of serologic markers for hepatitis a was investigated in 936 french male military recruits from october 1992 to june 1993. data were collected in order to assess the evolution of seroprevalence level according to the decline observed for several years and to appreciate the importance of potential risk factors. the overall prevalence of antibody against hepatitis a virus was 16.3%. the prevalence was higher among those with high number of siblings and whose father's occupation fall ... | 1995 | 7672067 |
| antigenic and immunogenic properties of recombinant hepatitis a virus 14s and 70s subviral particles. | hepatitis a virus (hav) has an immunodominant neutralization antigenic site. by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies targeted against the hav neutralization antigenic site, it was shown that three epitopes within this site are present on 14s subunits (pentamers of the structural unit). in contrast, two other epitopes within this site are formed upon assembly of 14s subunits into capsids. thus, the epitopes recognized by these two monoclonal antibodies are formed either by a conformational chan ... | 1993 | 7678298 |
| localization of priming epitope to the c-terminal portion of hepatitis a virus vp1. | 1993 | 7680703 | |
| [prevalence of anti-hcv in sera of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma]. | antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) was examined in sera of 416 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). the prevalence of anti-hcv was 11.1% (46/416), among them, the dual infection rate with hcv and hbv was 5.8% (24/416), in contrast to 2.0% (2/100) in blood donors. moreover, sera of 38 patients with hcc accompanying with acute hepatitis were tested for anti-hav, hbsag and anti-hcv. their positive rates were: hepatitis a 5.3% (2/38), hepatitis b 76.3% (29/38), hepatitis c 10.5% (4/38 ... | 1993 | 7687532 |
| a study of hepatitis a virus infection among hemophilia patients in new york city. | 1995 | 7701558 | |
| effect of terminal (dry) heat treatment on non-enveloped viruses in coagulation factor concentrates. | terminal dry heat treatment effectively inactivated hepatitis a virus (hav) and canine parvovirus added to high-purity factor viii. after 24 h at 80 degrees c, hav infectivity was reduced by > or = 4.3 log10 tcid50, as measured in a newly developed infectivity assay. the same reduction in virus titer was achieved after 2 h and before 6 h at 90 degrees c. inactivation of hepatitis a virus was also seen in the freeze-drying step prior to heat treatment with an approximately 2.0 log10 reduction in ... | 1994 | 7701804 |
| public health control of hepatitis a: memorandum from a who meeting. | hepatitis a virus infection is a significant cause of morbidity in many parts of the world, and hepatitis a vaccines will be important tools for its prevention and control. this memorandum reviews the basic features of the disease and its epidemiology, and considers the measures which are available for control and prevention, including hepatitis a vaccine. the use of this vaccine should be adapted to specific epidemiological circumstances existing within a geographical region, with special atten ... | 1995 | 7704922 |
| clinical recurrence of hepatitis a following liver transplantation for acute liver failure. | this paper documents clinically significant recurrence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in a 63-year-old man transplanted for hav-related acute liver failure. hav rna was documented in the explant and, following early clearance from the blood and graft, was again detected in post-operative biopsies at the time of an acute hepatic illness. although the clinical and biochemical abnormalities resolved completely, the patient had a second episode of graft dysfunction 6 months later and investiga ... | 1995 | 7714491 |
| [hepatitis viruses]. | five different hepatitis viruses that cause acute and chronic hepatitis in human beings have been identified. hepatitis viruses are designated by the letters a, b, c, d and e and abbreviated as hav, hbv, hcv, hdv, and hev, respectively. although each belongs to a distinctly different virologic group, they share the feature of hepatotropism, which remains poorly understood. hav and hev are transmitted through a fecal-oral route. hdv, also referred to as the delta agent, is a defective, parenteral ... | 1995 | 7725016 |
| [serum biological markers and screening of viral hepatitis]. | the diagnosis of hepatitis a is based on igm anti-hav positivity. igg anti-hav indicates immunity from further infections of hepatitis a. in acute hepatitis b, hbs ag is the first marker to appear in the serum, followed by hbe ag and anti-hbc. after recovery, hbs ag disappears, anti-hbs appears with anti-hbe and anti-hbc and persists for many years. anti-hbs is indicative of recovery and immunity. chronic hepatitis b infection is defined as the persistence of hbs ag for more than 6 months. the p ... | 1995 | 7725017 |
| 5' utr of hepatitis a virus rna: mutations in the 5'-most pyrimidine-rich tract reduce its ability to direct internal initiation of translation. | the 5'-terminal untranslated region (5' utr) of the uncapped hepatitis a virus (hav) rna contains two pyrimidine-rich sequences; one about 20 nucleotides (nt) in length in the vicinity of the aug initiation codon (nt 706-726), and a longer one (about 40 nt) encompassing nt 100 to 140. the latter includes a 13 nt 'core' sequence (positions 126-138 in the hm175 strain) which is 80% identical to the pyrimidine-rich tract of poliovirus type 1 rna (mahoney strain). representative cdnas of the entire ... | 1995 | 7730803 |
| seroprevalence of hcv, hav, hbv, hdv, hcmv and hiv in high risk groups/frankfurt a.m., germany. | during the period from august 1991 to april 1993, serum samples originating from different risk groups were tested for antibodies against hepatitis c virus (hcv), using a second-generation elisa. the highest hcv seroprevalence levels were observed in haemophiliacs (87.0%) and intravenous drug abusers (ivda) (78.9%). the hcv-seropositivity rates of polytransfused and organ transplant recipients were nearly identical (18.4% vs. 16.8%). significantly lower hcv-seroprevalence rates were determined i ... | 1995 | 7734823 |