Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| influenza epidemic among a community of elderly people in spite of vaccination. | an outbreak of influenza occurred in a nursing home of 81 vaccinated elderly people. the clinical attack rate was 73%. the responsibility of an a/h3n2 strain was proved in 12 patients and 2 staff members of the 15 investigated persons. the vaccine was effective in reducing mortality but not morbidity. an antigenic drift between the wild and the vaccine strains was involved in the inefficiency of the vaccination. | 1993 | 8150072 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, 1993-94 season, and composition of the 1994-95 influenza vaccine. | 1994 | 8151839 | |
| [seroepidemiological data on the circulation of influenza virus in moldova in 1991-1992]. | 1. to establish the predominant circulating antigenic subtypes of influenza viruses in the epidemic season (19911992). 2. to evaluate the efficiency of seroepidemiological method in determining the circulating antigenic subtypes and its practical consequences. | 1993 | 8153476 |
| [the immunogenic properties and prophylactic efficacy of a live polyvalent influenza vaccine in children 5 to 14 years old]. | production lots of a live influenza vaccine made of strains a/47/t (n1h1), a/47/6/2 (h3n2), and b/60/32 were used for vaccination of 3663 children aged from 5 to 14 years inoculated twice with monovaccines, a trivaccine made of the above strains, or placebo. both mono- and polyvaccine were practically areactogenic. an average per cent of subjects with a significant rise in antibody titres to the respective three antigens was 60%. the efficacy of the vaccination was 31.0-42.8% for monopreparation ... | 1994 | 8160445 |
| humoral and cellular immune response to influenza virus vaccination in aged humans. | aging is characterized by an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases; influenza virus infection, which is easily managed by an intact immune system, represents a life-threatening disease in aged subjects. we studied 18 healthy aged subjects (> 65 years of age), vaccinated yearly with conventional anti-influenza vaccine, and 9 healthy young volunteers (mean age 26 years), without previous anti-influenza vaccination, who were vaccinated with the conventional trivalent 1990 anti-influenza p ... | 1993 | 8161577 |
| attenuation of virulence in influenza b viral infection of volunteers. | a study was performed with volunteers in order to determine whether the virulence of an influenza b viral infection could be attenuated. of a total of 62 persons, 26 received intranasal inoculations of an unpassaged influenza b virus isolate [virus u], while 26 received the same virus isolated passaged in cell culture and then in special pathogen-free embryonated hens' eggs [virus p]. the remaining 10 persons received uninoculated cell culture medium. daily nasal wash samples were collected post ... | 1994 | 8163832 |
| a study of respiratory infections in a healthy adult population during the 1987 australian winter. | during the 1987 australian winter, respiratory illness patterns were studied in a population of 454 healthy adults, aged 18-59, over a period of 45 days. these patterns were matched with data obtained from laboratory diagnoses for respiratory viruses, mycoplasma pneumoniae and bacteria. influenza b/1/86 was by far the most prevalent pathogen but other viruses including influenza a, paramyxoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus and coronavirus oc-43 were also present, either alone or in combinatio ... | 1993 | 8168672 |
| [incidence of circulating antibodies against hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza viruses in the epidemic season 1991/92 in poland]. | the levels of antibodies were tested in 9 groups from 6 months up to over 65 years for ha and na of influenza a (h1n1), a (h3n2) and b in epidemic season 1991/92 in poland. hi and ni tests were performed with viruses a/taiwan/1/86, a/beijing/353/89 and b/panama/45/90, these were recommended by who for this season. the highest gmt were found for hemagglutinin h3 and hb, much lower for h1. for h3 much higher gmt were found in groups 3-8 and over 65 years. the gmt for hb were almost the same in all ... | 1993 | 8171205 |
| immature neutrophils in the peripheral blood smear of children with viral infections. | 1994 | 8177632 | |
| [a surveillance system for the study of the circulation of influenza in madrid during the 1986-1991 quinquennium. the influenza surveillance group of madrid]. | the creation of a surveillance system allowing the study of the evolution of the tendency of influenza and act as an alert system for undertaking control measures is necessary due to the great variability characteristic of the circulation of influenza virus. the madrid influenza surveillance group was therefore designed. the activity carried out during its first five years of existence is evaluated. | 1994 | 8182995 |
| [how do the influenza viruses travel?]. | 1994 | 8182998 | |
| seroepidemiological study of respiratory virus infections among dental surgeons. | sera were collected from 50 practising dental surgeons and 50 control subjects matched for age (+/- 1 year) and sex. each participant completed a questionnaire including personal details and, in the case of dentists, information relating to protective work-wear and other cross-infection control measures employed within the surgery. the sera were examined by complement fixation tests for antibodies to influenza a, influenza b, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus. the dental group had a sig ... | 1994 | 8186035 |
| apoptosis: a mechanism of cell killing by influenza a and b viruses. | in previous studies, we observed that the virulent avian influenza a virus a/turkey/ontario/7732/66 (ty/ont) induced severe lymphoid depletion in vivo and rapidly killed an avian lymphocyte cell line (rp9) in vitro. in examining the mechanism of cell killing by this virus, we found that ty/ont induced fragmentation of the rp9 cellular dna into a 200-bp ladder and caused ultrastructural changes characteristic of apoptotic cell death by 5 h after infection. we next determined that the ability to i ... | 1994 | 8189504 |
| in vitro and in vivo inhibition of ortho- and paramyxovirus infections by a new class of sulfonic acid polymers interacting with virus-cell binding and/or fusion. | a series of sulfonic acid polymers were shown to be potent and selective inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a virus. the compounds inhibit the replication of rsv and influenza a virus in hela and mdck cells, at concentrations of 0.16 and 4.0 micrograms/ml, respectively, and are nontoxic to growing cells at concentrations of > 100 micrograms/ml. the mode of antiviral action of the sulfonic acid polymers can be ascribed to inhibition of virus-cell fusion (for influenza a ... | 1994 | 8192454 |
| [influenza surveillance in tananarive during the year 1992]. | the authors relate the 1992 results of influenza surveillance in antananarivo. 24 influenza virus a (h3n2) strains were isolated from 467 pharyngeal swabs. the virus had been continually spreading from january to september, with a peak in july, along with some monthly sporadic isolations. the highest respiratory morbidity was observed in june and july. the collection processes of influenzal and respiratory morbidity statistics are also discussed in order to standardize data and to define the rea ... | 1993 | 8192546 |
| use of pcr-enzyme immunoassay for identification of influenza a virus matrix rna in clinical samples negative for cultivable virus. | influenza a virus infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. standard diagnostic methods either are not efficient in identifying infected individuals in a timely manner or lack sensitivity. we developed a pcr-enzyme immunoassay (pcr-eia) for the detection of influenza a virus rna in respiratory secretions. a reverse transcription pcr was performed with oligonucleotide primers directed at a highly conserved area of the influenza a matrix gene. amplified dna was identified ... | 1994 | 8195369 |
| pneumonitis of unclear etiology in the surgical intensive care unit leading to the demise of an elderly, immunocompromised woman. | multiple system organ failure, likely an expression of a dysregulated immune system, is a common cause of death in the surgical intensive care unit (icu). while investigational modalities of therapy are on the horizon, current treatment primarily consists of supportive care. the case of an elderly woman who was admitted to the surgical icu after a celiac axis-superior mesenteric artery bypass, is presented. her course was complicated by influenza-b pneumonitis, multiple system organ failure, and ... | 1994 | 8204238 |
| specificity of sialyl-sugar chain mediated recognition by the hemagglutinin of human influenza b virus isolates. | recognition specificity for sialylsugar chains by the hemagglutinin of influenza b viruses isolated in different years from 1940 through 1990 (b/lee/40, b/setagaya/3/56, b/tokyo/7/66, b/kagoshima/1/68, b/gifu/2/73, b/kanagawa/3/76, b/ibaraki/2/85, b/yamagata/16/88, and b/bangkok/163/90) was studied using 13 gangliosides. reactivity of the viruses' hemagglutinin binding to gangliosides was determined by using thin-layer chromatography/virus-binding assay, and also by measuring virus binding to er ... | 1994 | 8206868 |
| antibody response to whole-virus and split-virus influenza vaccines in successful ageing. | the antibody response to influenza vaccination has been variably reported to be decreased in elderly individuals. to determine the effect of ageing alone on this antibody response, a group of carefully-screened healthy elderly subjects were compared with young adult controls. antibody titres for several strains of influenza were measured before and after vaccination with whole-virus (wvv) and split-virus influenza vaccines (svv) in two successive years. in general, the antibody response to wvv w ... | 1993 | 8212827 |
| pilot evaluation of influenza virus vaccine (ivv) combined with adjuvant. | the safety of licensed influenza virus vaccine (ivv) combined with a novel adjuvant containing muramyl tripeptide (mtp) conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) was evaluated in a randomized pilot study. ten healthy 23-30-year-old men were given a single intramuscular dose of ivv combined with saline (n = 5) or with 100 micrograms of mtp-pe in the mf59 adjuvant emulsion (mf59-100) (n = 5). evaluations were performed on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7 and 28 after inoculation. ivv alone was well tolerated. ... | 1993 | 8212835 |
| a persistent infection in mdck cells by an influenza type b virus. | a persistent infection in madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cells by an influenza b virus (b/tecumseh/63/80) has been established and characterized. virus recovered from the persistent state titrated lower in relation to the parental wild-type (wt) that initiated the infection as measured by hemagglutination and egg and tissue culture infectious dose, suggesting that the virus is a less cytopathic variant of the original wt virus. the persistent virus (pv) has decreased cytopathology for both mdc ... | 1993 | 8212849 |
| inhibition of the infectivity of influenza virus by tea polyphenols. | (-)epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) and theaflavin digallate (tf3) (1-10 microm) inhibited the infectivity of both influenza a virus and influenza b virus in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells in vitro. study by electron microscope revealed that egcg and tf3 (1 mm) agglutinated influenza viruses as well as did antibody, and that they prevented the viruses from adsorbing to mdck cells. egcg and tf3 more weakly inhibited adsorption of the viruses to mdck cells. egcg and tf3 (1-16 microm) also i ... | 1993 | 8215301 |
| comparative anti-influenza virus activity of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluororibosides in vitro. | the anti-influenza virus activity of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroguanosine was determined in cell culture and in explants of human respiratory epithelium by yield reduction assay. the concentration causing at least 1.0 log10 reduction in influenza a (h3n2) virus yield (ec90) at 24 h was 2.5 micrograms/ml in primary rhesus monkey kidney and 12 micrograms/ml in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells, compared to 0.5 micrograms/ml and 0.9 micrograms/ml, respectively, for ribavirin. the estimated therapeutic ... | 1993 | 8215305 |
| influenza. antigenic analysis of recent influenza virus isolates. | 1993 | 8217585 | |
| direct sequence determination of the influenza b ha-1 gene after pcr amplification of clinical specimens from an infected volunteer. | when clinical isolates of influenza a and b viruses are propagated in embryonated hens' eggs or tissue culture cells, different selective pressures in vitro result in specific amino acid substitutions in the haemagglutinin (ha) gene. a proportion of such viruses which lose a potential glycosylation site near the receptor binding region of the ha at amino acid positions 196-198 appear to have reduced virulence. direct polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplifications of cdna and subsequent nucleotid ... | 1993 | 8227277 |
| comparative trial of large-particle aerosol and nose drop administration of live attenuated influenza vaccines. | healthy adult subjects (n = 198) were randomized to receive bivalent cold-adapted (ca) influenza a vaccine containing 10(7.4) tcid50 each of a/kawasaki/9/86 (h1n1) and a/los angeles/2/87 (h3n2) by either nose drops (nd) or large-particle aerosol (lpa). all subjects had received monovalent inactivated influenza b vaccine intramuscularly in the previous year. ninety percent of lpa recipients and 82% of nd recipients preferred intranasal administration to their previous experience with intramuscula ... | 1993 | 8228364 |
| is there a relationship between malnutrition, inflammation, and post-vaccinal antibody response to influenza viruses in the elderly? | this study was designed to explore the relationship between malnutrition, inflammation, and the specific antibody response after influenza vaccination in the elderly. eighty-two aged subjects, immunized annually against influenza with a trivalent inactivated vaccine, were evaluated for 9 protein markers (albumin, thyroxin-binding prealbumin, transferrin, immunoglobulins (ig) g, m, and a, orosomucoid, haptoglobin, and c reactive protein) and for their antibody response to influenza viruses in com ... | 1993 | 8228935 |
| [influenza a beijing is approaching. 2 new strains in this season's vaccine]. | 1993 | 8231547 | |
| crystal structure of a bacterial sialidase (from salmonella typhimurium lt2) shows the same fold as an influenza virus neuraminidase. | sialidases (ec 3.2.1.18 or neuraminidases) remove sialic acid from sialoglycoconjugates, are widely distributed in nature, and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. the three-dimensional structure of influenza virus sialidase is known, and we now report the three-dimensional structure of a bacterial sialidase, from salmonella typhimurium lt2, at 2.0-a resolution and the structure of its complex with the inhibitor 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid at 2.2-a resolutio ... | 1993 | 8234325 |
| [evaluation of seroconversion after vaccination against influenza during the epidemic season 1991-1992 in poland]. | vaccination was performed by influenza virus vaccine trivalent type a and b. we vaccinated about 75,000 persons in poland in different groups of age. hi and ni tests were used for testing antibody level for a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1), a/beijing/353/89 (h3n2) and b/panama/45/90. the rise of antibody level was statistically significant. | 1993 | 8234846 |
| [the incidence of detecting influenza virus antigens in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of donors in relation to the epidemic activity of influenza viruses a and b]. | antigens of influenza a and b viruses in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal human subjects are found regularly both in epidemic and interepidemic periods. the level of detection of viral proteins in lymphocytes varies widely and correlates with the epidemic activity of the viruses. influenza virus antigens were found several months before a rise in the incidence of the disease, the per cent ratio of the identified antigens correlating with the pattern of antigen detection in nasopharynge ... | 1993 | 8236937 |
| respiratory viruses and exacerbations of asthma in adults. | to study the role of respiratory viruses in exacerbations of asthma in adults. | 1993 | 8241910 |
| influenza b virus strain identification and the rise of influenza a/beijing/32/92-like strains during the 1992-1993 influenza season in canada. | 1993 | 8242010 | |
| influenza in canada, 1992-1993 season. | 1993 | 8242011 | |
| influenza in the world. 1 october 1992-30 september 1993. | 1993 | 8268100 | |
| antigenic and genetic analyses of influenza type b viruses isolated in russia, 1987-91. | four influenza type b viruses isolated in russia during periods of relatively low (1987-8) or high (1990-1) influenza b activity were characterized antigenically using a microneutralization assay. these isolates were antigenically similar to contemporary reference strains from either of two separate lineages represented by b/victoria/2/87 and b/yamagata/16/88. the evolutionary relationships of the variable portion of the haemagglutinin (ha1) genes of these viruses were determined by comparison w ... | 1993 | 8270013 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, 1993-94 season. | from mid-november through december 1993, influenza activity in the united states increased. this report summarizes surveillance information regarding influenza activity in the united states from october 3, 1993, through january 1, 1994. | 1994 | 8272044 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. influenza activity--united states, 1993-94 season. | 1994 | 8283569 | |
| [antibody functional activity in immunization with influenza vaccines]. | the functional activity of serum antibody had been shown previously to reflect the state of resistance to influenza more accurately than antibody concentration. the functional activity of antibodies in the vaccination process was studied. the immune response to influenza antigens was found to be accompanied by an increase in the functional activity of antibodies, the intensity of this increase was the highest in natural influenza infection, moderate after administration of live vaccines and the ... | 1993 | 8284916 |
| role of neuraminidase in the morphogenesis of influenza b virus. | when ts7, a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of influenza b/kanagawa/73 virus, infected mdck cells at the nonpermissive temperature (37.5 degrees c), infectious virus was produced at very low levels compared with the yield at the permissive temperature (32 degrees c) and hemagglutinating activity and enzymatic activity of neuraminidase (na) were negligible. however, viral protein synthesis and transport of hemadsorption-active hemagglutinin to the cell surface were not affected. when the cell l ... | 1994 | 8289360 |
| [the immunization of elderly people against influenza]. | 1993 | 8303881 | |
| [the etiological structure of acute respiratory infectious morbidity based on the data from a rapid diagnosis in minsk]. | examination of 60,792 residents of minsk in different seasons of 1977-1989 by indirect immunofluorescence showed this method to be able of recoding not only mono- but also polyetiological epidemics. the epidemic threshold for influenza a is 15% of positive findings, for influenza b is 7-8%, for polyetiological epidemics (influenza a and b) is 15-16% and 9-10%, respectively. the criterion of the epidemic situation in the city is a twofold increase (or higher) in the level of influenza a and b vir ... | 1993 | 8303892 |
| interference between cold-adapted (ca) influenza a and b vaccine reassortants or between ca reassortants and wild-type strains in eggs and mice. | interference between pairs of cold-adapted (ca) influenza a and b vaccine reassortant viruses and between ca influenza b reassortant viruses and wild-type influenza strain a/pr/8/34 was studied in embryonated eggs and/or in the respiratory tract of three strains of mice. interference in eggs between ca a and b reassortants occurred after 2 days but was masked by later cycles of growth. when doses of 10(6) eid50 of the reassortant viruses b/60/32/r and a/47/6/r were administered to outbred mice, ... | 1994 | 8303936 |
| pathologic features of lung biopsy specimens from influenza pneumonia cases. | most histopathologic descriptions of influenza pneumonia are based on autopsy findings in fatal cases during epidemics and pandemics of influenza. we describe the histologic findings of influenza pneumonia observed in biopsy material derived from six sporadic cases of influenza (influenza a, four cases; influenza b, one case; and influenza a and b, one case). four patients recovered completely, one patient died, and one was lost to follow-up. in addition to confirming previously published pathol ... | 1994 | 8314260 |
| evaluation of live attenuated cold-adapted influenza b/yamagata/16/88 reassortant virus vaccine in healthy adults. | the safety and immunogenicity of a new cold-adapted reassortant influenza b/yamagata/10/88 virus vaccine was evaluated in healthy young adults with low levels of preinoculation serum antibody to the vaccine virus, and symptoms and viral shedding after vaccination were compared with those following administration of the homologous b/yamagata/88 wild-type virus. administration of the cold-adapted virus was well tolerated and resulted in a significantly lower frequency of respiratory symptoms and v ... | 1993 | 8335984 |
| comparison of humoral immune responses to trivalent influenza split vaccine in young, middle-aged and elderly people. | a total of 296 volunteers in five different groups were immunized with one dose of the commercial 1991-1992 trivalent split influenza vaccine formulation a/singapore/6/86 (h1n1), a/beijing/353/89 (h3n2) and b/yamagata/16/88. the groups differed in age (young adults, middle-aged and elderly) and history of previous vaccination. antibodies were determined in pre- and postvaccination sera by haemagglutination inhibition assay and the results were evaluated as geometric mean titre, mean fold antibod ... | 1993 | 8342318 |
| trivalent cold recombinant influenza live vaccine in institutionalized children with bronchial asthma and patients with psychomotor retardation. | twenty asthmatic children and 48 patients with severe psychomotor retardation were inoculated intranasally with trivalent cold-adapted recombinant (cr) influenza vaccine containing cr-125 (h1n1), cr-159 (h3n2) and crb-117 (b). the vaccinees were mostly seropositive. severe adverse reactions or asthmatic attacks were not observed, but 7 (15%) of 48 vaccinees with severe psychomotor retardation developed mild to moderate fever. significant antibody responses in hemagglutination-inhibition tests we ... | 1993 | 8346005 |
| electron microscopy of virus--liposome fusion. | 1993 | 8350762 | |
| toxic shock syndrome complicating influenza a in a child: case report and review. | despite extensive literature on toxic shock syndrome, reports of its manifestations in children remain relatively uncommon. similarly, toxic shock syndrome in association with influenza b or influenza-like illness has been reported in 12 patients, but it has been reported to occur following influenza a in only two patients to date. we report a third case of toxic shock syndrome in a child with influenza a and review the association between epidemic influenza and toxic shock syndrome ("the thucyd ... | 1993 | 8353244 |
| comparative inhibitory effects of various nucleoside and nonnucleoside analogues on replication of influenza virus types a and b in vitro and in ovo. | six nucleoside analogues, two sulfated polysaccharides, and four protease inhibitors were evaluated in vitro as inhibitors of influenza virus replication. four guanosine analogues (mizoribine, ribavirin, pyrazofurin, and 5-ethynyl-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide), the sulfated polysaccharide dextran sulfate (molecular weight 500,000), and two protease inhibitors (camostat mesilate and nafamostat mesilate) were inhibitory to the replication of strains of influenza virus types a and ... | 1993 | 8354905 |
| probing of the receptor-binding sites of the h1 and h3 influenza a and influenza b virus hemagglutinins by synthetic and natural sialosides. | to compare features of the receptor-binding sites (rbss) of different influenza virus hemagglutinins (ha), binding of a number of synthetic sialic acid (sa) analogs and natural sialosides by a panel of about 30 human influenza a and b virus strains was studied in a competitive ligand binding assay. for all the viruses tested, the n-acetyl group of neu5ac, as well as the natural orientation of the carboxylic group at c2 and the hydroxylic group at c4, was essential for binding. significant type- ... | 1993 | 8356788 |
| [the prospects for using inactivated influenza vaccines on the troops]. | the article analyses the results of controlled epidemiologic observation made in military unit to estimate the immunological and clinico-epidemiological efficiency of national inactivated influenza vaccines with different valency and antigen charge in inoculative dose. the analysis proves the high immunogenic activity and protective features of inactivated influenza trivaccines with enhanced contents of hemagglutinins. the article substantiates the reasons for mass application of these vaccines ... | 1993 | 8356819 |
| immunization of institutionalized asthmatic children and patients with psychomotor retardation using live attenuated cold-adapted reassortment influenza a h1n1, h3n2 and b vaccines. | live attenuated cold-adapted reassortant (cr) influenza virus vaccines were evaluated in institutionalized asthmatic children and severe psychomotor-retarded (spr) patients. almost all the vaccinees were seropositive to the vaccine strains before immunization. trivalent cr vaccine (containing a h1n1 (cr-125), a h3n2 (cr-149) and b (crb-117)), bivalent cr vaccine (cr-125 and cr-149) and monovalent crb-117 were inoculated to 19 asthmatic children and 36 and 16 spr patients, respectively. overall 4 ... | 1993 | 8356846 |
| inhibition of sialidases from viral, bacterial and mammalian sources by analogues of 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid modified at the c-4 position. | the inhibition of sialidase activity from influenza viruses a and b, parainfluenza 2 virus, vibrio cholerae, arthrobacter ureafaciens, clostridium perfringens, and sheep liver by a range of 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid analogues modified at the c-4 position has been studied. all substitutions tested resulted in a decrease in the degree of inhibition of the bacterial and mammalian sialidases. for sialidases from influenza viruses a and b, on the other hand, most of the substituti ... | 1993 | 8358225 |
| 4-guanidino-2,4-dideoxy-2,3-dehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid is a highly effective inhibitor both of the sialidase (neuraminidase) and of growth of a wide range of influenza a and b viruses in vitro. | the sialidase (neuraminidase) inhibitor 4-guanidino-2,4-dideoxy-2,3-dehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid (4-guanidino-neu5ac2en) has been examined for the ability to inhibit the growth of a wide range of influenza a and b viruses in vitro in comparison with amantadine, rimantadine, and ribavirin. 4-guanidino-neu5ac2en inhibited plaque formation by laboratory-passaged strains of influenza a and b viruses, with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 0.014 microm. a wider range of values (0 ... | 1993 | 8363379 |
| three-dimensional structure of influenza a n9 neuraminidase and its complex with the inhibitor 2-deoxy 2,3-dehydro-n-acetyl neuraminic acid. | we present here the three-dimensional structure of neuraminidase (e.c. 3.2.1.18) from influenza virus a/tern/australia/g70c/75 (n9), determined by the method of multiple isomorphous replacement, and the structure of the neuraminidase complexed with an inhibitor, 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-n-acetyl neuraminic acid (dana). native and inhibitor complex crystals are isomorphous and belong to space group i432 with unit cell dimensions of 183.78 a. the native enzyme structure and the inhibitor complex struct ... | 1993 | 8371267 |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, 1993. | 1993 | 8371709 | |
| serum viral antibody titer in vestibular neuronitis. | fifty-seven cases of vestibular neuronitis were evaluated for viral infection by means of serum antibody titer. the viruses tested were herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, eb virus, adenovirus, influenza virus a, influenza virus b, parainfluenza virus 3, mumps virus, rubella virus and measles virus. paired sera were examined in 49 cases among 57 cases, 26 cases showed significant change (four-fold or greater change) in viral antibody titer. only one case (53-year old f ... | 1993 | 8385868 |
| viral pneumonias. the increasing importance of a high index of suspicion. | viral pneumonias account for at least 17% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia in children and in adults. although patients with viral pneumonia appear less ill clinically than those with bacterial pneumonia, viral pneumonias can be fatal. antiviral therapy is available for pneumonias caused by respiratory syncytial virus, influenza a virus, and cytomegalovirus. several vaccines are important tools for the prevention of influenza a and b pneumonia. | 1993 | 8388105 |
| the use of mdck, mek and llc-mk2 cell lines with enzyme immunoassay for the isolation of influenza and parainfluenza viruses from clinical specimens. | primary monkey kidney (pmk) epithelial cells or egg inoculation have been traditionally used for the culture of influenza and parainfluenza viruses. the high cost and variability of obtaining high quality pmk cells prompted us to investigate the use of other cell strains for the growth of these viruses. for this study we investigated three cell lines viz. mdck, mek and llc-mk2 for the culture of influenza a and b and parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3 viruses. clinical specimens were spun onto cell monola ... | 1993 | 8390473 |
| comparison of monovalent and trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccines in young children. | fifty children, 6 months to 2 years of age, were vaccinated intranasally with a trivalent preparation containing 10(6) tcid50 each of h1n1 and h3n2 and 10(4) (n = 14) or 10(6) (n = 36) tcid50 of b live, attenuated, cold-adapted (ca) influenza strains. the same doses were administered as monovalent vaccines to 69 comparably aged children. forty-five controls were given placebo. no clinically significant adverse reactions to vaccines were observed. of children seronegative to h1n1 or h3n2, > or = ... | 1993 | 8390548 |
| the influenza b virus mouse model of reye's syndrome: pathogenesis of the hypoglycaemia. | up to 40% of children with reye's syndrome have hypoglycaemia that could contribute to the patient's encephalopathy. we developed a mouse model in which intravenous inoculation of influenza b/lee virus produced a non-permissive infection of hepatocytes and cerebral endothelial cells and caused many clinical, biochemical and pathologic features of reye's syndrome. we used this model to study the pathogenesis of the hypoglycaemia. beginning 6 hours after virus inoculation and persisting to death 1 ... | 1993 | 8392860 |
| concurrent antigenic analysis of recent epidemic influenza a and b viruses and quantitation of antibodies in population serosurveys in italy. | laboratory investigations of virus isolation and serum antibodies in a mediterranean country (italy) demonstrated that influenza a and b viruses, and often both, circulated every winter in italy. the winter 1987/88 was characterized by a low level of influenza activity, as shown by the limited number (47) of influenza virus isolates, the majority of which (61%) belonged to the influenza b type. in contrast, the 1988/89 influenza season was exclusively associated with the circulation of influenza ... | 1993 | 8405308 |
| the role of amniotic passage in the egg-adaptation of human influenza virus is revealed by haemagglutinin sequence analyses. | obtaining an isolate of a human influenza virus in the allantoic cavity of the embryonated hen's egg is more efficient if the clinical sample is initially passaged in the amniotic cavity. to investigate the extent to which the variants present after allantoic propagation are also selected by amniotic passage, clinical virus passaged once in the amnion has been subjected to extensive genetic and antigenic analyses. the data indicate that the natural virus can replicate unrestrictedly within the a ... | 1993 | 8409929 |
| mutations in the cytoplasmic tail of influenza a virus neuraminidase affect incorporation into virions. | the significance of the conserved cytoplasmic tail sequence of influenza a virus neuraminidase (na) was analyzed by the recently developed reverse genetics technique (w. luytjes, m. krystal, m. enami, j. d. parvin, and p. palese, cell 59:1107-1113, 1989). a chimeric influenza virus a/wsn/33 na containing the influenza b virus cytoplasmic tail rescued influenza a virus infectivity. the transfectant virus had less na incorporated into virions than a/wsn/33, indicating that the cytoplasmic tail of ... | 1993 | 8411379 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, 1993. | 1993 | 8411511 | |
| [a fatal influenza infection in a 10-year-old boy]. | a previously healthy 10-year-old boy died a few days after onset of septicaemia with non-specific clinical symptoms. influenza b virus was isolated post mortem from pulmonary tissue. the histopathological findings did not indicate a virus disease. specimens were taken for virus culture from other people in contact with the patient and affected with influenza-like illnesses. one other strain of influenza b virus was isolated. the strains could not be distinguished either serologically or genetica ... | 1993 | 8413707 |
| [influenza in the 1992/93 season; vaccine composition for the 1993/94 season]. | 1993 | 8413710 | |
| influenza a virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte activity declines with advancing age. | to investigate whether influenza a-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) activity is reduced in elderly compared with younger adults. | 1993 | 8418115 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, 1992-1993 season. | 1993 | 8418330 | |
| trivalent attenuated cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine: reduced viral shedding and serum antibody responses in susceptible adults. | trivalent cold-adapted recombinant (cr) influenza virus vaccines containing types a (h1n1 and h3n2) and b viruses were evaluated in two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. susceptible adults were randomly assigned to receive the following vaccines by intranasal drops 1 month apart: two doses of trivalent vaccine, bivalent cr influenza a (bi a) vaccine followed by monovalent b (mono b) vaccine or vice versa, or two doses of placebo. all vaccines were well tolerated. shedding of each of the t ... | 1993 | 8421165 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, 1992-93 season. | from september 27, 1992, through january 19, 1993, 344 influenza virus isolates were reported in 29 states (figure 1). the number of reported isolates began to increase in early december and continued to increase during the first 2 weeks of january. | 1993 | 8421456 |
| comparison of structure and sequence of influenza b/yamagata and b/beijing neuraminidases shows a conserved "head" but much greater variability in the "stalk" and nb protein. | in 1988 the b/yamagata/16/88 influenza virus appeared, which was antigenically quite different from the other b viruses circulating at that time. neuraminidase heads of this strain were purified, crystallized, and analyzed by x-ray crystallography and compared with the structure of b/beijing/1/87 neuraminidase. only two point mutations could be detected in the "head" of the molecule leading to local rearrangement of amino acid side-chains. the nucleotide sequence, however, revealed significant d ... | 1993 | 8421908 |
| antibody response after influenza immunization with various vaccine doses: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-centre, dose-response study in elderly nursing-home residents and young volunteers. | the dose effect (0, 10, 20 and 60 micrograms) of influenza subunit vaccine on the antibody response was investigated in nursing-home residents and young controls. the vaccine antigens were: a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1), a/sichuan/2/87 (h3n2) and b/beijing/1/87. for the influenza b antigen, the post-gmt and the 'percentage protective titre' increased significantly both in the young controls and nursing-home residents. no dose effect was observed for the a/taiwan, and a minor dose effect for a/sichuan. al ... | 1993 | 8427034 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. influenza activity--united states, 1992-93. | 1993 | 8433450 | |
| clinical scoring system in the evaluation of adult pharyngitis. | to compare results of a clinical scoring system for diagnosis of group a streptococcal pharyngitis with microbiologic results, when several different pharyngeal pathogens were tested simultaneously. | 1993 | 8435167 |
| vaccination against h influenzae type b. | 1993 | 8435591 | |
| update: influenza activity--united states, 1992-93 season. | from september 27, 1992, through february 13, 1993, the world health organization collaborating laboratories in the united states reported 1042 influenza virus isolates. for the weeks ending december 5, 1992, through february 6, 1993, the ratio of specimens positive for influenza virus to total specimens submitted for respiratory virus testing increased from 0.02 to 0.2. | 1993 | 8437542 |
| influenza surveillance worldwide. | 1993 | 8439781 | |
| effect of age on cytotoxic t lymphocyte memory as well as serum and local antibody responses elicited by inactivated influenza virus vaccine. | healthy seropositive adults aged < 40 (n = 15), 40-64 (n = 15), and > or = 65 (n = 17) years were parenterally immunized with trivalent subvirion influenza virus vaccine, and their cellular and humoral immune responses were compared. vaccination resulted in a significant enhancement of class i human leukocyte antigen-restricted influenza a cross-reactive cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) memory. elderly subjects had significantly lower baseline and peak postvaccination mean percentages of specific ly ... | 1993 | 8440930 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. influenza activity--united states, 1992-1993. | 1993 | 8441200 | |
| influenza. | 1993 | 8443063 | |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, and composition of the 1993-94 influenza vaccine. | in collaboration with the world health organization (who) international collaborating laboratories and with state and local health departments in the united states, cdc conducts surveillance to monitor influenza activity and to detect antigenic changes in the circulating strains of influenza viruses. this report summarizes surveillance for influenza in the united states and worldwide during the 1992-93 season and describes the composition of the 1993-94 influenza vaccine. | 1993 | 8446091 |
| comparison of live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines in schoolchildren in russia: i. safety and efficacy in two moscow schools, 1987/88. | the performance of two doses of cold-adapted live attenuated vaccine versus one dose of whole-virus inactivated vaccine was compared in 8-15-year-old schoolchildren in two schools in moscow, russia, during the winter of 1987/88. both vaccines gave rise to low frequencies of associated febrile or systemic reactions, but the inactivated vaccine, delivered by jet injector, did cause small local reactions in about half of the children. immunogenicity was higher for both vaccines in antibody-free chi ... | 1993 | 8447161 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. influenza activity--united states and worldwide, and composition of the 1993-94 influenza vaccine. | 1993 | 8459494 | |
| active immunization of children with leukemia and other malignancies. | active immunization against measles, haemophilus influenza b, tetanus, diphtheria, hepatitis b, influenza, poliomyelitis, and, when indicated varicella and pneumococcus induces long-lasting immunologic protection in most healthy pediatric vaccine recipients. among children receiving immunosuppressive therapy for cancer, possible early loss of specific immunity acquired from prior vaccination or disease, and likely diminished responsiveness to initial or booster vaccination must be considered. in ... | 1993 | 8471977 |
| influenza--united states, 1988-89. | cdc monitors the emergence and spread of new influenza virus variants and the impact of influenza on morbidity and mortality annually from october through may. | 1993 | 8474428 |
| influenza. | 1993 | 8485041 | |
| drift of the sialyl-linkage specific recognition of the sialidase of influenza b virus isolates. | sialyl-linkage specificity of the sialidase of influenza b viruses isolated in different years from 1940 through 1990 (b/lee/40,b/setagaya/3/56,b/tokyo/7/66,b/kagoshima/1/68, b/gifu/2/73, b/kanagawa/3/76, b/ibaraki/2/85, b/yamagata/16/88, and b/bangkok/163/90) was studied with n-acetylneuraminyl (alpha 2-3)- and (alpha 2-6)-lactoses, gm3 gangliosides containing the same sialyl-oligosaccharide sequences as sialyllactose, and also with type i and type ii lacto-series gangliosides carrying neu5ac a ... | 1993 | 8486603 |
| effect of influenza b virus infection on human performance. | 1993 | 8490339 | |
| influenza surveillance in pune, india, 1978-90. | continuous surveillance of influenza was carried out in pune between 1978 and 1990. most of the cases were identified during investigation of 16 outbreaks of influenza in pune over this period. the majority of cases were children. ten of the outbreaks occurred during rainy seasons. a total of 290 isolates consisting of several antigenic variants of influenza type a (h3n2), type a (h1n1), and type b viruses were isolated from throat/nasal swabs that were processed in chick embryos and mdck cell c ... | 1993 | 8490980 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, 1992-93 season. | influenza activity in the united states increased from december 1992 through mid-february 1993; during this period, influenza type b viruses circulated at high levels nationwide. however, since late february, high levels of influenza type a have been reported. this report updates surveillance for influenza during the 1992-93 season. | 1993 | 8492794 |
| rhabdomyolysis and lower extremity compartment syndrome due to influenza b virus. | rhabdomyolysis is an unusual complication following infection with influenza b virus. we recently managed a young boy who presented with severe rhabdomyolysis and bilateral lower extremity compartment syndrome due to infection with influenza b virus. | 1993 | 8494311 |
| characterization of a temperature-sensitive influenza b virus mutant defective in neuraminidase. | ts5, a temperature-sensitive mutant of influenza b virus, belongs to one of seven recombination groups. when the mutant infected mdck cells at the nonpermissive temperature (37.5 degrees c), infectious virus was produced at very low levels compared with the yield at the permissive temperature (32 degrees c) and hemagglutinating and enzymatic activities were undetectable. however, viral protein synthesis and transport of hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) to the cell surface were not affec ... | 1993 | 8497050 |
| viral pathogens of acute lower respiratory infections in pre-school nigerian children and clinical implications of multiple microbial identifications. | in a prospective study of acute lower respiratory infections (alri), at the university college hospital, uch, ibadan, 35 viral pathogens were identified by immunofluorescence (if) techniques from 24 (68.6%) respiratory specimens from 35 hospitalised pre-school children. the respiratory diagnoses comprised croup, bronchiolitis, pneumonia and pleural effusion. the viral identifications comprised 14 (40.0%) of parainfluenza virus type 3, 10 (28.6%) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), 5 (14.3%) of ... | 1993 | 8512876 |
| a procedure for the isolation of specific point mutants of influenza virus. | procedures were developed for the screening and isolation of rna viruses that vary from the consensus population by a single point mutation and are present in low abundance. we tested these procedures using a mixture of the vaccine donor line cold-adapted (ca) b/ann arbor/1/66 and its wild type (wt) progenitor at a ratio of 1,000:1. a 13-mer oligodeoxynucleotide was prepared as a [32p]-radiolabeled probe which specifically hybridized to wt viral rna (vrna) at a region that varied between the ca ... | 1993 | 8514840 |
| a comparative study of the effect of dextran sulfate on the fusion and the in vitro replication of influenza a and b, semliki forest, vesicular stomatitis, rabies, sendai, and mumps virus. | the effect of dextran sulfate on the fusion of a series of enveloped viruses, bearing specifically different fusion proteins, was investigated. the fusion with model- and with biological membranes was monitored by an r18 fluorescence-dequenching fusion assay. dextran sulfate strongly suppresses the fusion of orthomxyo- (influenza a (h1n1 and h3n2 subtypes) and influenza b), of toga- (semliki forest virus), and of rhabdoviruses (vesicular stomatitis and rabies virus). the fusion of the paramyxo-v ... | 1993 | 8517791 |
| antibody response of pediatric solid organ transplant recipients to immunization against influenza virus. | we studied the immunogenicity of the 1992-1993 trivalent split-virus influenza vaccine in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients (psotrs) and their healthy siblings. one month after immunization, 41 (82%) of 50 subjects achieved protective titers of antibodies to influenza a, and 30 (60%) to influenza b, rates similar to those in healthy siblings. achievement and persistence of protective titers occurred significantly more often in children with preexisting antibody. we recommend annual imm ... | 1995 | 8523197 |
| selective response of gamma delta t-cell hybridomas to orthomyxovirus-infected cells. | a gamma delta t-cell hybridoma established from influenza virus-infected mice responded to a reproducible way when cultured with influenza virus-infected stimulators. subclones of this line responded to cells infected with influenza viruses a/pr/8/34 (h1n1), x-31 (h3n2), and b/hk/8/73 but not to cells infected with vaccinia virus or sendai virus. this spectrum of response to both type a and type b orthomyxoviruses has never been recognized for the alpha beta t-cell receptor-positive subsets. the ... | 1996 | 8523522 |
| [the ontogeny of the cell receptors of the adhesion of meningococci and influenza viruses]. | specific age and individual features of the adhesion of neisseria meningitidis, groups a, b and c, and influenza viruses, types a and b, to red blood cells of humans aged 0-60 years were studied. the study revealed that the red blood cells of newborns, in contrast to those of persons of older age groups, are highly resistant to n. meningitidis adhesion, but highly sensitive to the adhesion of influenza viruses, though to a varying degree. the postnatal period of ontogenesis is characterized firs ... | 1995 | 8525728 |