Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| effect of t-cell suppression by cyclosporin on primary and persistent infections of infectious bronchitis virus in chickens. | two-week-old white leghorn (wl) chickens were inoculated intra-nasally with 4.51ogio median ciliostatic doses (cd50) of ibv strain m41. cyclosporin (csp) (100 mg/kg body weight) was injected intra-muscularly 3 days before virus infection and every 3 days till day 15 post-infection (p.i.). significant reduction in proliferation responses of whole blood lymphocytes to a t-cell mitogen, concanavalin a were induced, but not to a b and t-cell mitogen, pokeweed mitogen. mortality in the ibv + csp grou ... | 1997 | 18483906 |
| effect of heterophil depletion by 5-fluorouracil on infectious bronchitis virus infection in chickens. | an anti-tumour drug, 5-fluorouracil (5 fu) was used to deplete heterophils in 11-day-old white leghorn chickens. the reduction in heterophil numbers was monitored by total and differential white cell counts in the peripheral blood. three days after injection of 5 fu, when the heterophil numbers were significantly reduced, chickens were infected with the massachusetts strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). following infection, although the numbers of birds exhibiting clinical signs (nasal e ... | 1997 | 18483918 |
| susceptibility of organ cultures from chicken tissues for strains of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from the intestine. | organ cultures were prepared from various levels of intestine and kidney of 2 to 4-week old specific-pathogen-free chickens, and their susceptibility to ten strains of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from the chicken intestine and the massachusetts strain m41 was investigated. the ability of a virus to grow depended on the strain of virus and size of the inoculum. while proventriculus, bursa and kidney were found to be universally susceptible to all viruses tested, some strains did not grow ... | 1997 | 18483928 |
| histopathology and immunohistochemistry of renal lesions due to avian infectious bronchitis virus in chicks uninoculated and previously inoculated with highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus. | a nephropathogenic strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was inoculated intra-tracheally into 14-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks or ones previously inoculated with highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) at 7 days of age. the renal lesions were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemi-cally at intervals up to 30 days post-inoculation. the mortality was 20% in the ibdv + ibv-inoculated group, but not in the ibv-inoculated one. swollen and pale kidneys due to ib ... | 1997 | 18483931 |
| molecular analysis of the 793/b serotype of infectious bronchitis virus in great britain. | since the winter of 1990/91 respiratory disease of poultry in great britain has commonly been associated with the 793/b (or 4/91) serotype of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). we have sequenced a variable part of the s1 region of the spike protein (5) gene. comparison of up to 270 nucleotides of 12 british 793/b isolates, obtained in 1991 and 1993, revealed 94 to 100% nucleotide identity with each other. eleven of them fell into one of two subgroups, a and b, one isolate forming subgroup c. ide ... | 1997 | 18483932 |
| cross-reactive cellular immune responses in chickens vaccinated with live infectious bronchitis virus vaccine. | two-week-old chickens were vaccinated intra-nasally with a live infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccine (h120). on days 4, 7, 11 and 14 post-vaccination (p.v.) spleen mononuclear cells (mnc) prepared from control and vaccinated chickens were stimulated in vitro with homologous (strain m41) and heterologous (strains 7 and 793/b) virus antigens. antigen-specific lymphoproliferation and interleukin-2 (il-2) and interferon-y (ifn) production were used to measure cross-reactive cell mediated immune ... | 1997 | 18483933 |
| infectious bronchitis virus: immunopathogenesis of infection in the chicken. | the immunopathogenesis of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infection in the chicken is reviewed. while infectious bronchitis (ib) is considered primarily a disease of the respiratory system, different ibv strains may show variable tissue tropisms and also affect the oviduct and the kidneys, with serious consequences. some strains replicate in the intestine but apparently without pathological changes. pectoral myopathy has been associated with an important recent variant. several factors can inf ... | 1997 | 18483939 |
| detection of specific igm antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus by an antibody-capture elisa. | the results of a new antibody-capture elisa (alpha-igm-ibv elisa), specific for igm directed against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) show that this assay is a useful tool for diagnosing ibv infections. the data include individual results of the alpha-igm-ibv elisa in sequential spf chicken sera after vaccination with h120 and challenge with m41, the specificity is based on results of 499 spf sera, and the sensitivity on sera from experimentally vaccinated and challenged birds. also reported ar ... | 1998 | 18483980 |
| intracloacal infection with avian infectious bronchitis virus. | an infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain hs-91 isolated from kidneys of chicks which died of nephrosis was inoculated via the cloaca of specific pathogen-free (spf) chicks. these chicks showed more severe clinical signs, grosser kidney lesions and higher mortality than chicks inoculated with the same ibv strain via the trachea. | 1998 | 18484004 |
| epidemiological classification of infectious bronchitis virus isolated in korea between 1986 and 1997. | forty korean isolates and four reference strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were classified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. each korean isolate was isolated from different types of commercial chicken flocks between 1986 and 1997. rflp patterns of an amplified dna fragment (1722 bp) containing the s1 gene of ibv digested by restriction enzyme haeiii showed that the 40 korean isolates were classified into fi ... | 1998 | 18484021 |
| development and application of an aerosol challenge method for reproduction of avian colibacillosis. | we have developed a reliable aerosol challenge method for reproduction of avian colibacillosis. this method involves intranasal administration of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) to 1-day-old birds followed by three aerosol administrations of .e. coli at 3 to 4-day intervals. in four separate experiments there was no significant difference in virulence for a single isolate of .e. coli (e3) whereas four other field isolates of .e. coli ranged from highly virulent to avirulent. we also observed t ... | 1998 | 18484035 |
| antigenic and immunogenic characterization of infectious bronchitis virus strains isolated in china between 1986 and 1995. | eight strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were isolated between 1986 and 1995 from broilers and layers at eight different farms in four provinces in china. the viruses were isolated from flocks which suffered from either respiratory disease or nephritis and the majority had not been vaccinated against ibv. six strains were shown by monoclonal antibodies to differ from h120, connecticut and arkansas 99 strains of ibv and also to differ from each other. four of these strains were serotype ... | 1998 | 18484046 |
| relationship between sequence variation in the s1 spike protein of infectious bronchitis virus and the extent of cross-protection in vivo. | the notion that the s1 subunit of the spike glycoprotein (s) of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is the major inducer of protective immunity has been examined. groups of 10 1-day-old chicks were vaccinated with isolate uk/6/82 and challenged in-tranasally 3 or 6 weeks later with strains whose s1 protein differed from that of uk/6/82 to different extents: nl/d207/79, uk/142/86 and uk/167/84 (2%), uk/123/82 (4%), uk/918/67 (19%), usa/m41/41 and portugal/322/82 (20%; both of the massachusetts sero ... | 1997 | 18484262 |
| transmission of infectious bronchitis virus within vaccinated and unvaccinated groups of chickens. | the aim of this study was to determine whether vaccination against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) reduces virus transmission, i.e. to test whether ibv transmission among vaccinated chickens is significantly reduced compared to that among unvaccinated chickens. in two vaccinated and two unvaccinated groups of spf chickens, a standard measure for virus transmission, the reproduction ratio (r) was determined. r is defined as the average number of new infections caused by one typical infectious i ... | 1998 | 18484273 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of polyprotein gene 1 and genome organization of turkey coronavirus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of polyprotein gene 1 and the assembled full-length genome sequence are presented for turkey coronavirus (tcov) isolates 540 and atcc. the tcov polyprotein gene encoded two open reading frames (orfs), which are translated into two products, pp1a and pp1ab, the latter being produced via -1 frameshift translation. tcov polyprotein pp1a and pp1ab were predicted to be processed to 15 non-structure proteins (nsp2-nsp16), with nsp1 missing. clustalw analysis revealed 8 ... | 2008 | 18514348 |
| [genetic variation of s1 gene hypervariable region i of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in different periods in guangxi]. | the s1 gene hypervariable region i (hvr i) of 22 infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains isolated in guangxi during the period of 1985-2007 were sequenced and compared to that of the other ibv reference strains and the pigeon coronavirus isolates. a phylogenetic tree based on nucleotide sequences of hvr i of all the ibv showed that they were classified into 5 distinct clusters. 16 out of 22 ibv isolates were grouped into cluster i, and had higher homology with pigeon coronavirus isolates but l ... | 2008 | 18533344 |
| [evaluation of the protection conferred by several avian infectious bronchitis attenuated vaccines against the field strain ck/ch/ldl/97 i in china]. | the entire s1 protein gene of five infectious bronchitis (ib) vaccine strains (jaas, ibn, jilin, j9, h120) used in china were compared with that of the ib field isolate ck/ch/ldl/97 i present in china. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid similarities between the five ib vaccine strains and the field strain, ck/ch/ldl/97 i, were not more than 76.4% and 78.7%, respectively. phylogenetic analysis based on the s1 gene showed that the vaccine strains and the field strain belonged to different clust ... | 2008 | 18536105 |
| protection abilities of influenza b virus dna vaccines expressing hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, or both in mice. | every year, a vaccination against influenza b virus (ibv) is essential due to an antigenic variation. development of an efficient and convenient vaccine is important for the prevention of viral infection. this study reports examination of the protective immunity in mice evoked by a single inoculation of plasmid dna expressing hemagglutinin (ha dna) or neuraminidase (na dna) of ibv. the ha dna or na dna was injected intramuscularly into balb/c mice separately or as a mixture. the injection of pla ... | 2008 | 18564897 |
| a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction survey of infectious bronchitis virus genotypes in western europe from 2002 to 2006. | a survey of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) genotypes in poultry flocks in selected countries in western europe was carried out between march 2002 and december 2006. identification of ibv was by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of rna extracted from oropharyngeal swabs taken from poultry flocks exhibiting signs of clinical disease thought to be attributable to ibv. part of the hypervariable s1 gene of ibv was sequenced to differentiate between the various genotypes. during the s ... | 2008 | 18568650 |
| rapid selection in chickens of subpopulations within arkdpi-derived infectious bronchitis virus vaccines. | we examined spike (s) gene sequences of the virus populations of four different commercial arkdpi-derived infectious bronchitis coronavirus vaccines before and during a single passage in specific pathogen free chickens. we found different degrees of genetic heterogeneity among the four vaccines before passage in chickens, ranging from no apparent heterogeneity to heterogeneity in 20 positions in the s gene. in all except one position, nucleotide differences were non-synonymous. the majority of a ... | 2008 | 18568656 |
| immune responses to structural proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus. | chickens were vaccinated with live and inactivated infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), and antibody responses to the individual structural proteins, s1, s2, m and n, followed by elisa and western blotting. all four structural proteins elicited an antibody response in chicks vaccinated with either live or inactivated ibv. the s1, s2 and n proteins elicited similar titres of antibodies following vaccination with live ibv, whereas the m glycoprotein elicited significantly lower titres. time of appea ... | 1995 | 18645789 |
| re-excretion of infectious bronchitis virus in chickens induced by cyclosporin. | following inoculation of day-old chicks with moroccan strain 'g' of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) which has a predilection for the gut, virus was recovered from the trachea up to day 7 and from the cloaca up to day 35. after this no virus could be detected, even following the natural stress of re-housing with unfamiliar birds at 9 weeks. when the birds were 12.5 weeks old, they were injected with cyclosporin, a selective t-cell suppressor. four of the five birds re-excreted virus very errati ... | 1995 | 18645800 |
| detection by immunofluorescent assay of serotype-specific and group-specific antigens of infectious bronchitis virus in tracheas of broilers with respiratory problems. | the performances of seven immunofluorescent assays (ifas) for infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were examined on 115 trachea samples collected from 60 broiler flocks with clinical respiratory distress. whether ibv strains could be serotyped directly on trachea sections by ifas was examined using four different serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs). two group-specific ifas using two different group-specific mabs, were compared with a conventional ifa using a chicken hyperimmune anti-ibv ... | 1995 | 18645803 |
| epithelial cell proliferation of collecting ducts and ureters in the regenerating process of interstitial nephritis caused by infectious bronchitis virus. | the time course of cell proliferation of collecting ducts and ureter epithelium in the regenerating process were investigated in 3-week-old chickens inoculated intravenously with nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). histopathologically, collecting ducts and ureter epithelia showed severe degenerative changes from 3 to 4 days post-inoculation (p.i.), hyperplasia and hypertrophy by day 8 and had returned to normal by day 10. a labelling index using bromodeoxyuridine showed that the ... | 1996 | 18645840 |
| histopathology and immunohistochemistry of renal lesions due to infectious bronchitis virus in chicks. | two-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks were inoculated intranasally with the ma-87 strain of infectious bronchitis virus, and trachea and kidney lesions studied histologically and immunohistochemically. lesions and viral antigen were first detected in the trachea; severe damage was then observed in the kidney. viral antigen appeared prior to the development of renal lesions and was detected in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells by 4 days post-inoculation (p.i.). the epithelial cells of the col ... | 1996 | 18645858 |
| immunopathogenesis of infection in spf chicks and commercial broiler chickens of a variant infectious bronchitis virus of economic importance. | the immunopathogenesis of an economically important variant of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) has been studied in day-old specific pathogen-free and 6-week-old broiler chickens. experimental infection caused very mild respiratory disease and no mortalities. diarrhoea was seen in the broilers. virus distribution and titre in respiratory, urinary and enteric tissues were assessed. in spf chicks, maximum virus isolations were from oesophagus, followed by trachea, kidney, lung and rectum. in cont ... | 1996 | 18645874 |
| sequence of the spike protein of the belgian b164s isolate of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus. | the sequence of the gene encoding the spike glycoprotein (s) of the 1984 belgian nephropathogenic isolate b1648 has been determined and shown to encode a protein of 1171 amino acids. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the s1 (amino-terminal half) of s, which induces virus-neutralizing antibodies, with that of vaccinal strains d274, h120 and d1466 revealed that it differed from them by 21, 25 and 49%, respectively, and by 24 to 25% from the north american nephropathogenic isolates g ... | 1996 | 18645882 |
| an in vitro comparison of the virulence of seven strains of infectious bronchitis virus using tracheal and oviduct organ cultures. | the virulence of seven infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains for tracheal and oviduct ciliated epithelium was assessed using an in vitro tracheal organ culture (toc) and oviduct organ culture (ooc) system. the ooc were prepared using oviducts obtained from oestrogen-treated chicks. all strains tested stopped ciliary beating in the oviduct by day 5 post-inoculation (p.i.) and in the trachea by day 3 p.i. this corresponded with the absence of immunofluorescent-stained cells in the epithelium a ... | 1996 | 18645889 |
| cytopathology of chick renal epithelial cells experimentally infected with avian infectious bronchitis virus. | the renal ducto-tubular epithelial cells of chicks infected with the ma-87 strain of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were examined ultrastructurally. infected epithelial cells containing ibv particles were more numerous in the collecting ducts, collecting tubules, distal convoluted tubules and henle's loops than in the proximal convoluted tubules. virus particles invaded host cells through endocytotic vesicles. cytopathologic changes in the infected epithelial cells were manifested by a ... | 1996 | 18645891 |
| detection and differentiation of avian infectious bronchitis viruses using a monoclonal antibody-based. | a sandwich elisa (selisa) employing four monoclonal antibodies as capture and igg from egg yolk of hyperimmune hens as detecting antibodies was developed for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) antigen in both allantoic fluid and tissues from experimental and field infections. between 10(2) and 10(3) median ciliostatic dose (cd50) of virus was required for the detection of the majority of ibv strains in allantoic fluid. in chicks infected with 10(4 ... | 1996 | 18645894 |
| universal oligonucleotides for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus by the polymerase chain reaction. | the universality of seven pairs of oligonucleotides for detection of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was examined using 41 isolates of ibv collected over five decades from europe, japan and the usa. oligonucleotides specific for sequences within the s2 region of the spike (s) gene (lin et al., 1991a) and nucleocapsid (n) gene (zwaagstra et al., 1992) gave the appropriate products with all 41 isolates. oligonu-cleotide ... | 1996 | 18645901 |
| identification of a newly isolated avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus variant in china exhibiting affinity for the respiratory tract. | twelve infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) isolates obtained from commercial chickens in china between 2005 and 2006 were characterized by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and the sequencing of the entire s1 gene. ck/ch/lsd/05i--an ibv variant, which was unlike the nephropathogenic ibv isolates found in china--exhibited an affinity for the respiratory tract. the variant was identified by phylogenic analysis and basic local alignment search tool (blast) searches of the entir ... | 2008 | 18646462 |
| genetic diversity of avian infectious bronchitis virus isolates in korea between 2003 and 2006. | thirty-three field isolates of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were recovered from commercial chicken flocks in korea between 2003 and 2006 and were characterized phylogenetically by nucleotide sequence analysis of the ibv s1 gene hyper-variable region. our phylogenetic analysis revealed that recent field isolates of ibv formed at least three distinct phylogenetic types, including k-i, k-ii, and k-iii. k-i type ibv consisted of indigenous, 13 ibv isolates which evolved from the kr-ej/95 ... | 2008 | 18646466 |
| field evaluation of maternal antibody transfer to a group of pathogens in meat-type chickens. | this study was conducted to evaluate the rate of antibody transfer on a flock basis from hens to their day-old chicks in meat-type chickens raised in a commercial setting. fifteen randomly selected hens from a commercial broiler-breeder flock were bled at 37, 40, and 45 wk of age. at day of bleeding, the collected eggs were identified and tracked through hatching where 30 hatchlings were randomly sampled and bled from the jugular vein. antibodies against 10 different pathogens were quantified fr ... | 2008 | 18648048 |
| location of the amino acid differences in the s1 spike glycoprotein subunit of closely related serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus. | four uk strains of three different serotypes were found to differ by only 2-3% of their s1 amino acids. the s1 sequences were also very similar to those of three dutch isolates (d207, d274 and d3896), the greatest difference between two of the seven isolates being 4.4%. the few amino acid differences between the seven isolates were located largely between residues 19-122 and 251-347 of the mature s1 subunit. the seven isolates could be differentiated using 16 monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme-l ... | 1992 | 18670913 |
| infectious bronchitis virus: evidence for recombination within the massachusetts serotype. | the spike (s) glycoprotein gene (which encodes two subunits, s1 and s2), the membrane (m) glycoprotein gene and the gene which encodes the products of gene 3 are situated in the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) genome in the order s1-s2-3-m. the s1 gene of four isolates of the massachusetts (mass) serotype, isolated between 1970 and 1984, each differed by only 2 to 3% from that of older mass serotype isolates, including m41 and h120. similarly, sequencing of the end of gene 3 and the beginning ... | 1992 | 18670955 |
| ascorbic acid and infectious bronchitis infections in broilers. | the effect of supplementing the feed of broiler chicks with different levels of ascorbic acid on the resistance against infectious bronchitis virus was investigated. resistance was measured by the severity of tracheal lesions and the development of airsacculitis after challenge. the effect of ascorbic acid was dose dependent. addition of 300 to 330 ppm ascorbic acid to the feed gave the best results. high concentrations (>600 ppm) had a less beneficial effect. | 1992 | 18670976 |
| the secretory antibody response of inbred lines of chicken to avian infectious bronchitis virus infection. | two-week-old chicks of a line highly resistant (line c) or highly susceptible (line 151) to infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were inoculated with the massachusetts-41 strain of ibv. tracheal washings, saliva, lachrymal fluid and serum were collected at intervals after inoculation and titrated for their antibody content using neutralization tests and elisas. there was no marked difference in antibody concentrations in tracheal washings of the two lines, nor in neutralizing antibody or ibv-specif ... | 1992 | 18670987 |
| a monoclonal antibody-based antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for identification of infectious bronchitis virus serotypes. | an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-elisa) was developed for detection and identification of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) serotypes arkansas, connecticut, and massachusetts using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to the s1 glycoprotein of the respective serotype. the assay (designed as a double-antibody sandwich assay) gave the best results when the s1-specific mab, antigen, and chicken serum were of the same serotype. however, when a group-specific (m glycoprotein-s ... | 1993 | 18671040 |
| challenge experiments to evaluate cross-protection induced at the trachea and kidney level by vaccine strains and belgian nephropathogenic isolates of avian infectious bronchitis virus. | intravenous and aerosol challenge experiments were conducted to evaluate tracheal and renal cross-protection in chickens immunized either with infectious bronchitis virus vaccine strains or with nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (nibv)-isolates. intravenous challenge was carried out with four belgian nibv-isolates and with the italian nibv-strain az23.74. virus titrations of tracheas collected at different times after aerosol challenge with the belgian reference nibv-strain b1648 demo ... | 1993 | 18671042 |
| a simple method for immunofluorescence staining of tracheal organ cultures for the rapid identification of infectious bronchitis virus. | a method is described for the simple application of immunofluorescence (if) staining for the identification of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in tracheal organ cultures (toc). it involves the application of antiserum and fluorescent antiglobulin to unfixed toc. in toc inoculated with high titres of virus, specific fluorescence was observed in less than 24 h. if staining almost always occurred before ciliostasis. following experimental infection of chicks with ibv, virus could sometimes be det ... | 1994 | 18671114 |
| leukocyte subpopulations in kidney and trachea of chickens infected with infectious bronchitis virus. | using immunohistochemical methods, we studied the nephropathogenicity of the infectious bronchitis virus (ibv)-strain v1648- and the leukocyte phenotypes in the pathological lesions in the kidneys and the trachea formed after inoculation with this virus strain. one-day-old wla chickens were intravenously inoculated, and after 5, 7 and 11 days their kidneys, trachea and lungs were removed. monoclonal antibodies were used to detect viral antigen, and lymphoid and non-lymphoid cell populations. in ... | 1994 | 18671118 |
| vaccination of chickens against a belgian nephropathogenic strain of infectious bronchitis virus b1648 using attenuated homologous and heterologous strains. | white leghorn chicks without and with maternally derived antibodies (mda) to infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and broiler chicks with mda were vaccinated at 1 day of age either with h120 vaccine, combined h120 and d274 vaccines or with a non-commercial attenuated strain derived from the virulent belgian nephropathogenic ibv strain, b1648. protection following challenge with virulent b1648 was assessed 4 weeks later by virus isolation from the trachea, antigen detection in the kidney by immunofl ... | 1994 | 18671130 |
| swollen head syndrome associated with e. coli and infectious bronchitis virus in the central valley of california. | a commercial broiler flock in the central valley of california experienced a sudden increase in mortality due to heavy culling. clinical signs included a snick, swollen heads and severe depression. necropsy and histology revealed tracheitis, rhinitis, facial cellulitis, blepharitis, episcleritis, otitis media and caseous exudate within the air spaces of cranial bones. escherichia coli serotype o78 was isolated from all lesions. infectious bronchitis virus (massachusetts serotype) was isolated fr ... | 1994 | 18671139 |
| proteolytic processing of polyproteins 1a and 1ab between non-structural proteins 10 and 11/12 of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus is dispensable for viral replication in cultured cells. | coronavirus 3c-like proteinase (3clpro) plays important roles in viral life cycle through extensive processing of the polyproteins 1a and 1ab into 12 mature, non-structural proteins (nsp5-nsp16). structural and biochemical studies have revealed that all confirmed 3clpro cleavage sites have a conserved gln residue at the p1 position, which is thought to be absolutely required for efficient cleavage. recent studies on murine hepatitis virus (mhv) showed that processing of the 1a polyprotein at the ... | 2008 | 18678384 |
| respiratory disease and immunity to challenge produced by australian strains of infectious bronchitis virus. | six australian isolates of ib virus were compared as to the severity of respiratory disease they produced and the immunity to challenge they conferred to the respiratory system. only one isolate. vac g/15, produced significant disease. four viruses fully protected the respiratory system from challenge (vac a(3), vac 3, 2032, and vac 4) while two viruses partially protected this system (vac 3/10 and vac g/15). a comparison between tracheal organ culture, histopathology and virus isolation as a me ... | 1990 | 18679940 |
| studies with a bivalent infectious bronchitis killed virus vaccine. | haemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralisation antibody responses of chickens given different vaccination programmes were compared. this was followed by a further experiment in which variously vaccinated laying hens were challenged at 30 weeks of age with two strains of infectious bronchitis virus of the "variant" dutch d207 serotype. chickens were given primary vaccinations to different strains of infectious bronchitis live virus during rearing and then injected at 16 weeks of age with i ... | 1990 | 18679956 |
| comparison of the susceptibility to avian infectious bronchitis virus infection of two inbred lines of white leghorn chickens. | two inbred lines of white leghorn chickens, line c which are highly resistant to infection with avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), and line 151, which are highly susceptible, were challenged at 11 days of age with ibv massachusetts-41 (m41) strain. line 151 chickens showed more severe respiratory signs than line c and although similar amounts of virus were recovered from the tracheas of both lines for the first four days after inoculation, overall more virus was recovered from the respirat ... | 1990 | 18679958 |
| characterisation of strains of infectious bronchitis virus isolated in chile. | nine isolates of infectious bronchitis (ib)-like viruses were made from 23 flocks (broilers or layers) in chile experiencing the types of disease problems commonly associated with ibv. their identity as ib viruses was confirmed. the histological changes they caused in tracheal organ cultures (oc) are described. serum neutralisation tests performed in embryonated eggs (alpha-method) suggested that four of the isolates were serologically related to the massachusetts (mass) serotype of ibv and one ... | 1991 | 18680002 |
| comparative study of respiratory lesions in two chicken lines of different susceptibility infected with infectious bronchitis virus: histology, ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was inoculated intranasally into line c and line 151 chickens, which were resistant and highly susceptible, respectively, to ibv infection, and the resulting respiratory lesions compared. histologically, damage to the mucociliary system of the respiratory tract in line 151 persisted longer than in line c. using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method, ibv antigens were detected in histological sections of the tracheas of line 151 for a longer time than in li ... | 1991 | 18680019 |
| use of an infectious bronchitis virus and escherichia coli model infection to assess the ability to vaccinate successfully against infectious bronchitis in the presence of maternally-derived immunity. | using as challenge, a mixed infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and escherichia coli infection, specified pathogen-free (spf) chicks and chicks with maternally-derived immunity (mdi) could be protected by a single intra-nasal vaccination with a live-attenuated ib vaccine given at 1 day of age against intranasal challenge with either a homologous or a heterologous ibv strain for at least 7 weeks. however, protection was incomplete if challenge occurred within approximately 14 days of vaccination. v ... | 1991 | 18680059 |
| detection of viral antigen following exposure of one-day-old chickens to the holland 52 strain of infectious bronchitis virus. | one-day-old specific-pathogen-free single comb white leghorn chickens were inoculated by eyedrop with either 0.1 ml of phosphate buffered saline containing 10(4.3) eid50 of the holland 52 strain of infectious bronchitis virus or normal allantoic fluid. trachea, caecal tonsils and kidneys were removed from randomly selected birds at 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days post-inoculation (pi) and the presence or absence of viral antigen was detected utilizing virus isolation (vi), an indirect fluorescent antibod ... | 1991 | 18680063 |
| baculovirus up-regulates antiviral systems and induces protection against infectious bronchitis virus challenge in neonatal chicken. | in this study, the antheraea pernyi nuclear polyhedrosis virus (apnpv), a member of the baculovirus family, is evaluated for its stimulation of chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) and macrophage cell line hd 11 in vitro, and protection against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in neonatal chickens in vivo. this study showed that apnpv significantly enhanced inflammatory cytokine mrna expression in chicken pbmc and hd 11 cells through the clathrin-dependent endocytic and endosomal m ... | 2008 | 18707025 |
| sequence analysis of the gene coding for the s1 glycoprotein of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains from new zealand. | four new infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strains (t6, k32, k43, and k87) were isolated from clinically infected chickens in new zealand. these strains were compared with four strains (a, b, c, and d), which had circulated 25 years previously, by sequencing the gene coding for the s1 subunit of the spike glycoprotein. analysis of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences revealed that the eight strains from new zealand are genetically related and share greater than 82.8% nucleotide and 79 ... | 2008 | 18712588 |
| serosurvey of five viruses in chickens on smallholdings in bangladesh. | a serologic survey was undertaken in chickens in smallholdings in bangladesh for avian influenza a virus (aiv), egg drop syndrome '76 virus (eds'76v), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), newcastle disease virus (ndv) and reovirus (rv) in three phases: january 2002-may 2003, september 2003-august 2004, and august 2005-march 2006. four hundred thirty-six sera collected in the 2nd phase, 295 in the first phase, 755 in the 1st plus 2nd phases and 295 in the 1st phase were investigated for aiv, eds'76 ... | 2009 | 18723236 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of avian infectious bronchitis virus nsp3 adrp domain. | avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) encodes 15 nonstructural proteins (nsps) which play crucial roles in rna transcription and genome replication. one of them, nsp3, contains an adrp (adenosine diphosphate-ribose-1'-phosphatase) domain which was revealed in recent studies to have adp-ribose-1'-monophosphatase (appr-1'-pase) activity. appr-1'-pase catalyzes the conversion of adp-ribose-1'-monophosphate (appr-1'-p) to adp-ribose in the trna-splicing pathway. the gene segment encoding the ibv n ... | 2008 | 18765908 |
| the isolation and characterisation of six avian infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in morocco. | the first isolation and characterisation of infectious bronchitis (ib) viruses from poultry flocks in morocco are reported. five isolates designated d, e, f, h and m were related serologically to the massachusetts serotype, while the sixth, isolate g, was found to be different from any previously reported serotype of ib virus. neutralising antibodies to isolate g have been detected in sera collected from commercial flocks in britain, although the virus has not been isolated. while all six isolat ... | 1986 | 18766508 |
| newly isolated serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus: their role in disease. | the pathogenicity of isolates of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) made from broiler or breeder flocks in britain between 1981 and 1983, together with three made from flocks of commercial laying hens during 1984, has been investigated. when 11-day-old ibv-free chicks were challenged with these ibv isolates, together with a pool of pathogenic strains of e. coli, some mortality was recorded, together with a high incidence of morbidity. three ibv isolates, when given to groups of ibv-free brown-egg ... | 1986 | 18766511 |
| isolation, characterisation and preliminary cross-protection studies with a new pathogenic avian infectious bronchitis virus (strain pl-84084). | virological 1 examination of a severe infectious bronchitis (ib)-like field case in laying hens, led to the isolation of a coronavirus antigenically different from massachusetts, connecticut and four dutch ib variant strains. the virulence of the isolate for the fowl, and its dual tropism for the respiratory and genital tracts were demonstrated. in preliminary cross-protection studies commercial vaccines did not protect against challenge with this isolate. these points and the possible economic ... | 1986 | 18766539 |
| immunohistochemical detection of infectious bursal disease and infectious bronchitis viral antigens in fixed, paraffin-embedded chicken tissues. | immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescent techniques were used to detect and localise infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in fixed, paraffin-embedded chicken tissues. a modified bouin's solution (9 parts of 1% picric acid to 1 part of 10% neutral buffered formalin and 5% acetic acid) proved to be the fixative of choice. tissues fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin showed heavy background staining, whereas enzyme treatment of these tissues succeeded in expo ... | 1986 | 18766540 |
| the detection of specific igm to infectious bronchitis virus in chicken serum using an elisa. | an elisa is reported for the detection of specific igm to infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in serum samples from ibv-infected chickens. both igm and igg antibodies to a heterologous, as well as to a homologous, strain could be detected by the elisa. the igm response was both rapid and transient, suggesting that its detection could be used as a means of identifying a recent ibv infection. because igg appeared to compete successfully with igm for sites on the viral antigen, it was found necessary ... | 1986 | 18766544 |
| coronavirus ibv: relationships among recent european isolates studied by limited proteolysis of the virion glycopolypeptides. | after the year 1978, strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were isolated in the netherlands and the uk which were assigned by neutralisation tests to four new serotypes (arbitrarily designated a, b, c and d in this communication) distinct from the long recognised us serotypes. we have labelled, with 35s-methionine, the structural polypeptides of 12 of the european isolates during growth in de-embryonated eggs. the s2, spike-anchoring, polypeptide of isolates of all four serotypes ha ... | 1987 | 18766585 |
| the detection of cytotoxic lymphocyte activity in chickens infected with infectious bronchitis virus or fowl pox virus. | a cytotoxic lymphocyte assay, using cells that adhered to plastic as the target cells and neutral red as the indicator for lysis, was applied to chickens infected with either infectious bronchitis virus or fowl pox virus. both target and effector cells were derived from the same bird. cytotoxic lymphocytes were generated in birds infected with either virus. the activity was confined to cells of the spleen after initial immunisation, but could be detected in white cells from the blood after chall ... | 1987 | 18766629 |
| maternally-derived antibody to infectious bronchitis virus: its detection in chick trachea and serum and its role in protection. | chicks with maternally-derived igg antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were protected against challenge with a mixture of ibv and escherichia coli. this protective immunity lasted for at least 1 week. ibv-specific igg was detected, using an elisa, in the majority of tracheal washes taken from chicks aged 1 day and 1 week that had been hatched from ibv-infected hens. some of the 2-week-old chicks also had detectable antibody. this tracheal igg may be an important factor in mediating p ... | 1987 | 18766630 |
| comparison of the haemagglutination inhibition test and the serum neutralisation test in tracheal organ cultures for typing infectious bronchitis virus strains. | five strains of infectious bronchitis (ib) virus, which had been compared antigenically by the serum neutralisation (sn) test in tracheal organ cultures (oc), were arbitrarily coded and then compared by the haemagglutination inhibition (hi) test. their antigenic relationships were found to be similar by the two methods but, because of the high and variable cross reactions found in the hi test, the differences between the strains were less clear by that method. it was concluded that the hi test, ... | 1987 | 18766638 |
| serological classification of recent infectious bronchitis virus isolates by the neutralization of immunofluorescent foci. | the neutralisation of immunofluorescent foci test was adapted to the grouping of 14 recent dutch infectious bronchitis virus isolates. this test provides a distinct grouping of the isolates and the corresponding sera. evaluation of the tests was carried out by means of the computer program called 'taxonomic', designed for the calculation of taxonomic order from serological data. the taxonomic order, depicted in the form of a tree, facilitates the judgement of the degree of resemblance between vi ... | 1988 | 18766673 |
| infectious bronchitis in laying hens: the relationship between haemagglutination inhibition antibody levels and resistance to experimental challenge. | in three separate and unrelated experiments, in which vaccinated hens were challenged with virulent infectious bronchitis virus, the ability of individual hens to maintain egg production was related to their serum haemagglutination inhibition antibody titre at the time of challenge. it was found that, regardless of the vaccination programme used, the ability of laying hens to withstand infectious bronchitis virus challenge, as measured by the effect upon their egg production, is directly related ... | 1988 | 18766692 |
| the induction and control of delayed type hypersensitivity reactions induced in chickens by infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was shown to induce delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) reactions in the wattle, or to inhibit migration in a macrophage migration inhibition test (mit) in sensitised birds. the magnitude of the reactions was related to the sensitising dose of the virus. the optimal dose for the cold attenuated a3-ibv was 10(3 .5) eid50, higher doses giving lower responses. birds given a similar dose of t-ibv had negative dth reactions, but the spleen non-adherent lymphocytes fr ... | 1988 | 18766694 |
| routine virus isolation or detection in the diagnosis of diseases in birds. | between august 1986 and july 1987, 373 submissions for laboratory diagnosis of suspected virus diseases of birds were received. in 116 cases (31%) viruses were isolated or detected, consisting of 25 reo-viruses, 17 rotaviruses, 14 adenoviruses plus demonstration of haemorrhagic enteritis virus antigen in the spleens of 15 birds, eight pox-viruses, 19 duck enteritis herpesviruses and six other avian herpes-viruses, four duck hepatitis viruses, six other enterovirus-like isolates, two duck astrovi ... | 1988 | 18766750 |
| effects of avian viruses on cultured chicken bone-marrow-derived macrophages. | cultured chicken bone-marrow-derived macrophages have been assayed for their susceptibility to infection with various avian viruses. three criteria of infection were employed: (1) virus-induced alterations in cell morphology ; (2) presence of intracellular viral antigens detectable by immunofluorescence; (3) kinetics of virus release by infected macrophages. macrophages proved to be resistant to marek's disease virus (mdv), herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt-fc126), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) an ... | 1983 | 18766776 |
| presence of viral antigens and antibody in the trachea of chickens infected with avian infectious bronchitis virus. | following infection of chickens with infectious bronchitis virus (strain m41) viral antigens were detected by immunofluorescence in the basal layer of the tracheal mucosal epithelium for 44 days. the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) first detected virus-specific antibody in tracheal washes 7 days after infection and at 10 days these antibodies reached a level that was maintained for at least 44 days, although there was considerable variation between chickens. in contrast a neutralisatio ... | 1983 | 18766789 |
| immunity following inoculation of the h120 and h52 vaccine strains of infectious bronchitis virus into the crop of the domestic fowl. | the serological responses and protection associated with inoculation of the hi20 and h52 vaccine strains of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) into the trachea and directly into the crop of chickens were compared. intratracheal inoculation at 3 weeks of age with hi20 resulted in the moderate log2 haemagglutination inhibition (hi) titres of 6, previously found to be characteristic of this highly attenuated vaccine strain of ibv. more than 80% of these birds gave a positive reaction to the agar gel ... | 1983 | 18766795 |
| confirmation of the presence of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) using cloned dna complementary to the 3' terminus of the ibv genome. | a hybridisation test has been developed to aid the identification of virus isolates as avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) when serum neutralisation tests have proved inadequate. in this test nucleic acid prepared from four recent virus isolates suspected of being ibv hybridised with a 32p-radiolabelled cloned cdna (complementary dna) probe complementary to rna from ibv strain beaudette. since these strains represent one or more new serotypes they had not been identified by neutralisation te ... | 1984 | 18766825 |
| concurrence of nephrosis-nephritis due to infectious bronchitis virus and infectious bursal disease in broiler chickens. | a condition showing nephrosis-nephritis caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) and atrophy of the bursa of fabricius attributable to infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) occurred with a mortality rate of 6.4%, 7.4% and 8.5% in young broiler chickens in three flocks on a poultry farm. eighteen birds from the outbreaks were studied histologically and ultra-structurally. nephrosis-nephritis appeared initially as degenerative changes of the convoluted tubules, followed by inflammatory reactio ... | 1984 | 18766836 |
| induction of humoral neutralising and haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody by the spike protein of avian infectious bronchitis virus. | the spike (s), membrane (m) and nucleocapsid (n) proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus strain m41 (ibv-m41) were separated by sucrose gradient sedimentation after dissociation of the virus by non-ionic detergent. groups of four chickens were inoculated intramuscularly with 20 microg of s, m or n in freund's complete adjuvant and at 4 and 7 weeks later with 20 microg, of s, m or n protein in freund's incomplete adjuvant. chickens were bled at 4, 7, 10 and 13 weeks after the first vaccinat ... | 1984 | 18766869 |
| the classification of new serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from poultry flocks in britain between 1981 and 1983. | between 1981 and 1983 10 isolations of infectious bronchitis (ib) virus were made from broiler chickens with respiratory infection and five from breeder chickens showing aberrant egg production. one isolate was serologically similar to an ib virus isolated in england in 1976; the remainder were related to three of the four serotypes of ib virus first isolated in the netherlands (davelaar et al., 1981). neutralising antibody to each of the four dutch serotypes of ib virus was widespread in the se ... | 1984 | 18766883 |
| infectious bronchitis in laying hens: interference with response to emulsion vaccine by attenuated live vaccine. | pullet chicks were reared in isolation; all except a control group were variously vaccinated against infectious bronchitis. individual haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody responses were measured from 1 day to 38 weeks old when all birds were challenged with virulent infectious bronchitis virus, and egg production recorded for a further 5 week period. in the controls hi titres remained low until challenge: this caused a loss of 15.1 eggs/hen. in birds injected with oil emulsion killed vacc ... | 1985 | 18766895 |
| relationship between several criteria of challenge-immunity and humoral immunity in chickens vaccinated with avian infectious bronchitis vaccines. | several methods were compared for assessing the immunity of chickens vaccinated with avian-infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) by observing tracheal ciliary activity, respiratory signs and virus recovery from several organs following challenge with virus which had not been passaged in embryos. all chickens vaccinated twice with live kita-1 strain were protected according to all criteria. however, in chickens vaccinated with killed ibv and with h-120 strain 13 weeks earlier, respiratory signs were ... | 1985 | 18766913 |
| comparison of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), haemagglutination inhibition test and agar gel precipitation test for detection of antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis virus. | the immune response after vaccination with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) under field conditions was measured by the elisa, haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) and agar-gel precipitin (agp), tests. vaccinations were performed in three flocks and one experimental group via the drinking water with the vaccine strains h 120 and h 52. in each flock 40 random serum samples were taken every 2 weeks and tested individually. in the experimental group blood samples were collected every week from each of ... | 1985 | 18766934 |
| a clearance test to assess protection in chickens vaccinated against avian infectious bronchitis virus. | a clearance test is described that is designed as a model for the quantitative assessment of protection in chickens vaccinated against avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). this is based on the ability of a vaccinating strain to have induced within 3 weeks an immunity sufficient to inhibit the replication of a challenge strain in the upper respiratory tract by the 4th day subsequent to challenge. a median protective dose (pd50) was determined for each of 4 vaccinating strains (h120, h52, d41 ... | 1985 | 18766943 |
| pathogenesis of infectious bronchitis nephritis. 2. studies of water and electrolyte balance in colostomised chickens. | water and electrolyte balance was examined throughout the course of an experimental infection with t strain infectious bronchitis virus in colostomised chickens. significant losses of water and negative sodium and potassium balances were observed. the major change in the electrolyte balance was the increased output of sodium in urine and this was associated with a diuresis. a decrease in food intake was the most important contribution to the negative potassium balance. death resulted from acute ... | 1985 | 18766944 |
| complete genome sequence analysis of a predominant infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) strain in china. | infectious bronchitis (ib) is one of the major diseases in poultry flocks all over the world caused by infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). in the study, the complete genome sequence of strain a2 was sequenced and analyzed, which was a predominant ibv strain in china. the results indicated that there were mutations, insertions, and deletions distributed in the whole genome. the a2 virus had the highest identity to s14 and bj in terms of full genome, whereas had a further distance to massachusetts ... | 2009 | 18770015 |
| comparative studies with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis virus. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect igg class-specific antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) in chickens. the technique detected specific antibody with a high degree of sensitivity and was more sensitive than neutralisation or haemagglutination-inhibition methods of antibody assay. the possible application of the technique for diagnosis and research on ibv is discussed. | 1981 | 18770117 |
| study on the local effect of eye-drop vaccination against infectious bronchitis in 1-day-old chicks with maternal antibodies. | one-day-old chicks with maternal antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were vaccinated by eye-drop with h120 vaccine strain of ibv. four weeks later the chicks were challenged by eye-drop or intratracheally with virulent ibv (massachusetts-type field strain). the chicks were resistant to ocular challenge, but highly susceptible to an intratracheal challenge. after intratracheal challenge the birds showed clinical signs of infectious bronchitis (ib). the immunofluorescence test on ibv w ... | 1981 | 18770125 |
| active and passive immunisation against nephritis induced by an avian infectious bronchitis virus. | intranasal vaccination with the h120 strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) produced serum neutralisation indices of three or more in nine out of 12 birds. this afforded complete protection against intravenous challenge with the nephritogenic h52 strain of ibv and prevented the multiplication of virus in the kidney. passive immunisation with homologous convalescent serum protected the kidney but not the respiratory tract against similar challenge. the frequency of virus isolations from the ... | 1981 | 18770131 |
| immunity following vaccination with the h120 strain of infectious bronchitis virus via the drinking water. | administration of the h120 vaccine strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) via the drinking water caused mild respiratory symptoms in six out of 57 susceptible 3-week-old chickens and 45 became positive to the agar gel precipitin (agp) test for ib. this was associated with complete protection against subsequent intratracheal challenge with the h52 strain of ibv at 11 weeks of age. the vigorous agp response to h120 recorded here in susceptible birds contrasts with previous reports of failure ... | 1981 | 18770143 |
| a study on the synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulins by the jarderian gland of the fowl after eyedrop vaccination against infectious bronchitis at 1-day-old. | one-day-old chickens with maternally derived antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were vaccinated against ib by eye-drop. at 2 and 3 weeks of age the synthesis of immunoglobulins of the iga isotype in the harderian gland was demonstrated by immunofluorescence. with an anti igg conjugate diffuse fluorescence of igg was observed in the gland at 2, 3 and 4 weeks of age. involvement of the harderian gland in the synthesis or the secretion of igm after ib vaccination could not be demonstra ... | 1982 | 18770173 |
| [evaluation of post-vaccinal immunity against infectious bronchitis in chickens reared conventionally: comparative study of four serological techniques]. | four tests (agar gel precipitin, seroneutralisation alpha, seroneutralisation beta, and haemagglutination-inhibition) were used to detect antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis from 3 weeks to 40 weeks of age in four breeder flocks which were given four different vaccination programmes against infectious bronchitis. during the rearing period to 20-22 weeks of age, birds were kept on the ground in isolation. then, most of them were housed conventionally during the laying period except for 25 b ... | 1982 | 18770185 |
| field observations on serological responses to vaccine strains of infectious bronchitis virus administered by coarse spray and via the drinking water. | the agar gel precipitin (agp) and haemagglutination inhibition (hi) responses to vaccination with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were investigated in three flocks. the vaccines were administered by coarse spray in one large flock of commercial layers and via the drinking water in two smaller flocks of broiler breeders. in two flocks, one vaccinated by coarse spray and one vaccinated via the drinking water, the chicks had high levels of maternal antibody and failed to respond serologically to ... | 1982 | 18770219 |
| an investigation of urolithiasis in two flocks of laying fowls. | urolithiasis and kidney disease as causes of significant mortality in fowls were investigated in two flocks of commercial laying birds on farms where outbreaks had occurred previously. the investigation, covering the first 10-11 months of egg production, included macroscopic and histological examination of individual cases of the disease, biochemical studies on blood samples collected at regular intervals from marked birds and the analysis of feed samples taken at the same time. the aetiology an ... | 1980 | 18770235 |
| assessment of cross-immunity dm chickens to strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus using tracheal organ cultures. | a method is described of assessing cross-immunity in chickens afforded by strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), by observing the presence or absence of ciliary activity in tracheal explants prepared from chickens following challenge. chickens inoculated with the h120 vaccine strain were challenged intra-tracheally 3 weeks later with the homologous strain or one of seven heterologous strains of ibv. vaccinated chickens were protected against challenge by the homologous strain (h120) ... | 1980 | 18770255 |
| an inverse age resistance of chicken kidneys to infectious bronchitis virus. | ten-fold serial dilutions of the h52 vaccine strain of infectious bronchitis virus were inoculated intravenously into 3-week-old and 10-week-old chickens. the severity of the histological lesions in the kidney was graded and described. the younger birds were much more resistant to the nephritogenic effects of the virus. although very small doses of virus caused nephritis, no marked dose-related response was demonstrated in either age group. | 1980 | 18770264 |
| effect of the removal of the harderian gland in 1-day-old chicks on immunity following ib vaccination. | after removal of the harderian gland in 1-day-old chicks (hx birds), protective immunity to infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was decreased 3 weeks after vaccination with the h120 strain of ibv. protective immunity was measured by challenge. the decreased protection was not reflected in the neutralisation indices of the hx birds. in contrast, the mean neutralisation index was higher in the hx birds than in the vaccinated controls. the role of the lachrymal gland in the development of immunity to ... | 1980 | 18770290 |
| vaccination of 1-day-old broilers against infectious bronchitis by eye drop application or coarse droplet spray and the effect of revaccination by spray. | broilers hatched with maternal antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) had developed protective immunity by 3 weeks after vaccination by the conjunctival route with h120 vaccine virus at 1-day-old. immunity was still present when birds were 7 weeks old. following vaccination of similar 1-day-old chicks by the same route by a coarse droplet spray, immunity developed more slowly; 50% of the 3-week-old birds developed clinical and/or pathological changes typical of infectious bronchiti ... | 1980 | 18770291 |
| procedures for the haemagglutination and the haemagglutination inhibition tests for avian infectious bronchitis virus. | various aspects of production, storage and stability of the haemagglutination (ha) activity of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were studied. from the results obtained, a standard procedure for the production of ibv, ha and the ha and haemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests is suggested. the main points of the suggested procedure are: (1) the virus should be concentrated but not purified; (2) the virus should be treated with phospho-lipase c type 1 (plc), at a final concentration of one unit/ml ... | 1977 | 18770308 |
| influence of maternal antibodies on vaccination of chicks of different ages against infectious bronchitis. | in chicks from immune hens levels of antibody to infectious bronchitis (ibv) measured by the neutralisation test (ni values) decreased linearly with age. in 1-day-old chicks ni values were high, whereas they were zero in 30-days-old birds. vaccination of 1-day-old chicks with high ni values by the conjunctival and intranasal routes with h 120 vaccine virus resulted 4 weeks later in an immunity that was as good as that obtained by vaccination of 20- and 15-days-old birds with lower levels of mate ... | 1977 | 18770311 |
| [respiratory diseases of the fowl:principles of histopathological diagnosis]. | groups of specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated with five strains of newcastle disease virus, one strain of adenovirus, four strains of infectious bronchitis virus, one strain of mycoplasma gallisepticum and with infectious bronchitis virus together with mycoplasma gallisepticum. lungs and tracheas were taken at regular intervals for histopathological examination. a diagnosis could be based on tracheal lesions at different periods of their development. newcastle disease was distinguish ... | 1977 | 18770313 |
| the agar-gel precipitin response to the h120 and h52 vaccines of infectious bronchitis virus. | the respiratory and agar-gel precipitin response of chickens to h120 and h 52 vaccines of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) were studied. on aerosol exposure of 3-weeks-old chicks to h120, slight respiratory symptoms were observed in 30% while 70% produced precipitins. eleven-weeks-old chicks inoculated intratracheally with h52 alone showed severe symptoms and 100% produced precipitins. similar birds previously vaccinated with h120 showed no symptoms on challenge with h52 but 55% produced precip ... | 1977 | 18770322 |
| incidence of pasteurella haemolytica in the respiratory tract of apparently healthy chickens and chickens with infectious bronchitis. characterisation of 213 strains. | the tracheal flora of healthy chickens consisted mainly of gram-positive microorganisms. a shift to a predominantly gram-negative flora, mainly due to escherichia, was observed in chickens with respiratory symptoms caused by infectious bronchitis. most of the chickens in which e. coli formed a predominant part of the tracheal flora also showed a positive serological reaction to mycoplasma gallisepticum. a raised incidence of pasteurella haemolytica with increase in age was noted both with regard ... | 1977 | 18770338 |
| serological studies on flocks showing depressed egg production. | a serological investigation was undertaken of flocks with depressed egg production. no obvious correlation was found between antibody to adenovirus, infectious bronchitis virus or infectious bursal disease virus and this syndrome. no antibody was detected to newcastle disease virus, mycoplasma gallisepticum or in most cases to mycoplasma synoviae. a relationship was found between the development of antibody to a haemagglutinating virus, 127, and depressed egg production. a retrospective survey o ... | 1977 | 18770349 |