Publications
Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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acceptability and effectiveness of a monofilament, polyethylene insecticide-treated wall lining for malaria control after six months in dwellings in vhembe district, limpopo province, south africa. | south africa uses indoor residual spraying (irs) for vector control in its malaria control programme (mcp). insecticide-treated wall linings (itwls) offer possible advantages over irs and long-lasting, insecticide-treated nets (llins). this study assessed the user acceptability and perceived effectiveness, and the durability, including efficacy through bioassays, of a newly developed, monofilament polyethylene itwl. | 2015 | 26628275 |
consolidating strategic planning and operational frameworks for integrated vector management in eritrea. | contemporary malaria vector control relies on the use of insecticide-based, indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins). however, malaria-endemic countries, including eritrea, have struggled to effectively deploy these tools due technical and operational challenges, including the selection of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. this manuscript outlines the processes undertaken in consolidating strategic planning and operational frameworks for vector control t ... | 2015 | 26630934 |
effects of a new outdoor mosquito control device, the mosquito landing box, on densities and survival of the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis, inside controlled semi-field settings. | the significance of malaria transmission occurring outdoors has risen even in areas where indoor interventions such as long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying are common. the actual contamination rates and effectiveness of recently developed outdoor mosquito control device, the mosquito landing box (mlb), on densities and daily survival of host-seeking laboratory anopheles arabiensis, which readily bites humans outdoors was demonstrated. | 2015 | 26645085 |
development and evaluation of mosquito-electrocuting traps as alternatives to the human landing catch technique for sampling host-seeking malaria vectors. | the human landing catch (hlc) is the gold standard method for sampling host-seeking malaria vectors. however, the hlc is ethically questionable because it requires exposure of humans to potentially infectious mosquito bites. | 2015 | 26670881 |
zoophagic behaviour of anopheline mosquitoes in southwest ethiopia: opportunity for malaria vector control. | increased understanding of the feeding behaviours of malaria vectors is important to determine the frequency of human-vector contact and to implement effective vector control interventions. here we assess the relative feeding preferences of anopheles mosquitoes in relation to cattle and human host abundance in southwest ethiopia. | 2015 | 26684464 |
frequencies distribution of dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthetase mutant alleles associated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in plasmodium falciparum population from hadhramout governorate, yemen. | malaria in yemen is mainly caused by plasmodium falciparum and 25% of the population is at high risk. sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (sp) had been used as monotherapy against p. falciparum. emergence of chloroquine resistance led to the shift in anti-malarial treatment policy in yemen to artemisinin-based combination therapy, that is artesunate (as) plus sp as first-line therapy for uncomplicated malaria and artemether-lumefantrine as second-line treatment. this study aimed to screen mutations in the ... | 2015 | 26693691 |
spatially variable risk factors for malaria in a geographically heterogeneous landscape, western kenya: an explorative study. | large reductions in malaria transmission and mortality have been achieved over the last decade, and this has mainly been attributed to the scale-up of long-lasting insecticidal bed nets and indoor residual spraying with insecticides. despite these gains considerable residual, spatially heterogeneous, transmission remains. to reduce transmission in these foci, researchers need to consider the local demographical, environmental and social context, and design an appropriate set of interventions. ex ... | 2016 | 26729363 |
the effect of indoor residual spraying on the prevalence of malaria parasite infection, clinical malaria and anemia in an area of perennial transmission and moderate coverage of insecticide treated nets in western kenya. | insecticide treated nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying (irs) have been scaled up for malaria prevention in sub-saharan africa. however, there are few studies on the benefit of implementing irs in areas with moderate to high coverage of itns. we evaluated the impact of an irs program on malaria related outcomes in western kenya, an area of intense perennial malaria transmission and moderate itn coverage (55-65% use of any net the previous night). | 2016 | 26731524 |
mind the gap: residual malaria transmission, veterinary endectocides and livestock as targets for malaria vector control. | 2016 | 26755345 | |
combining long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying for malaria prevention in ethiopia: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) are the main malaria prevention interventions in ethiopia. there is conflicting evidence that the combined application of both interventions is better than either llins or irs used alone. this trial aims to investigate whether the combination of llins (permanet 2.0, vestergaard frandsen, lausanne, switzerland) with irs using propoxur will enhance the protective benefits and cost-effectiveness of the interventions against m ... | 2016 | 26758744 |
news from africa: novel anopheline species transmit plasmodium in western kenya. | 2016 | 26787151 | |
combining synthetic human odours and low-cost electrocuting grids to attract and kill outdoor-biting mosquitoes: field and semi-field evaluation of an improved mosquito landing box. | on-going malaria transmission is increasingly mediated by outdoor-biting vectors, especially where indoor insecticidal interventions such as long-lasting insecticide treated nets (llins) are widespread. often, the vectors are also physiologically resistant to insecticides, presenting major obstacles for elimination. we tested a combination of electrocuting grids with synthetic odours as an alternative killing mechanism against outdoor-biting mosquitoes. | 2016 | 26789733 |
the potential for fungal biopesticides to reduce malaria transmission under diverse environmental conditions. | the effectiveness of conventional malaria vector control is being threatened by the spread of insecticide resistance. one promising alternative to chemicals is the use of naturally-occurring insect-killing fungi. numerous laboratory studies have shown that isolates of fungal pathogens such as beauveria bassiana can infect and kill adult mosquitoes, including those resistant to chemical insecticides.unlike chemical insecticides, fungi may take up to a week or more to kill mosquitoes following exp ... | 2015 | 26792946 |
seasonal dynamics, longevity, and biting activity of anopheline mosquitoes in southwestern ethiopia. | continuous monitoring of vector species composition, abundance, dynamics, feeding pattern, and host finding strategy is the base to determine when, what, and how control should be implemented. thus, this study was conducted to assess entomological parameters of anopheline mosquitoes in nine villages in seka district, southwestern ethiopia, from june to december 2012. mosquito collection was carried out from selected households in each of the nine study villages using light trap catches from june ... | 2016 | 26798142 |
therapeutic efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in northwest benin. | artemether/lumefantrine (coartem(®)) has been used as a treatment for uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum infection since 2004 in benin. this open-label, non-randomized study evaluated efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine (al) in treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in children aged 6-59 months in two malaria transmission sites in northwest benin. | 2016 | 26801767 |
efficient attractants and simple odor-baited sticky trap for surveillance of anopheles arabiensis patton mosquito in ethiopia. | many efforts have been made to ease the burden of malaria through vector control, among whichis the development of odor-baited traps and evaluation of efficient attractants that could replace host odor. however, most traps and evaluated attractants are expensive, which poor communities cannot afford. this study was conductedwith the aim to devise asimple and affordable odor-baited trap and to investigate effective but affordable attractants for trapping anopheles arabiensis. | 2016 | 26829541 |
synthesis, polymorphism, and insecticidal activity of methyl 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-iodo-2-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-4h-pyrimido[2,1-b]quinazoline-3-carboxylate against anopheles arabiensis mosquito. | mosquitoes are the major vectors of pathogens and parasites including those causing malaria, the most deadly vector-borne disease. the negative environmental effects of most synthetic compounds combined with widespread development of insecticide resistance encourage an interest in finding and developing alternative products against mosquitoes. in this study, pyrimido[2,1-b]quinazoline derivative dhpm3 has been synthesized by three-step chemical reaction and screened for larvicide, adulticide, an ... | 2016 | 26841246 |
patterns of insecticide resistance and knock down resistance (kdr) in malaria vectors an. arabiensis, an. coluzzii and an. gambiae from sympatric areas in senegal. | malaria vector control in africa relies on insecticides targeting adult mosquito vectors via insecticide treated nets or indoor residual spraying. despite the proven efficacy of these strategies, the emergence and rapid rise in insecticide resistance in malaria vectors raises many concerns about their sustainability. therefore, the monitoring of insecticide resistance is essential for resistance management strategies implementation. we investigated the kdr mutation frequencies in 20 sympatric si ... | 2016 | 26846990 |
large-scale anopheles arabiensis egg quantification methods for mass-rearing operations. | the success of the sterile insect technique relies, among other things, on the continuous release of over flooding numbers of sexually competitive sterile males into the target area. to produce sufficiently large quantities of sterile males, rearing protocols need to be optimized including the development and validation of a standardized egg quantification method. | 2016 | 26852018 |
malaria vectors and their blood-meal sources in an area of high bed net ownership in the western kenya highlands. | blood-meal sources of malaria vectors affect their capacity to transmit the disease. most efficient malaria vectors prefer human hosts. however, with increasing personal protection measures it becomes more difficult for them to find human hosts. here recent malaria vector blood-meal sources in western kenya highlands were investigated. | 2016 | 26857915 |
widespread distribution of plasmodium vivax malaria in mauritania on the interface of the maghreb and west africa. | plasmodium vivax is very rarely seen in west africa, although specific detection methods are not widely applied in the region, and it is now considered to be absent from north africa. however, this parasite species has recently been reported to account for most malaria cases in nouakchott, the capital of mauritania, which is a large country at the interface of sub-saharan west africa and the maghreb region in northwest africa. | 2016 | 26861780 |
association between malaria and malnutrition among children aged under-five years in adami tulu district, south-central ethiopia: a case-control study. | malaria and malnutrition are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in under-five children in developing countries such as ethiopia. malnutrition is the associated cause for about half of the deaths that occur among under-five children in developing countries. however, the relationship between malnutrition and malaria is controversial still, and it has also not been well documented in ethiopia. the aim of this study was to assess whether malnutrition is associated with malaria among under-f ... | 2016 | 26895759 |
the contribution of agricultural insecticide use to increasing insecticide resistance in african malaria vectors. | the fight against malaria is increasingly threatened by failures in vector control due to growing insecticide resistance. this review examines the recent primary research that addresses the putative relationship between agricultural insecticide use and trends in insecticide resistance. to do so, descriptive evidence offered by the new research was categorized, and additional factors that impact the relationship between agricultural insecticide use and observed insecticide resistance in malaria v ... | 2016 | 26895980 |
malaria elimination in botswana, 2012-2014: achievements and challenges. | botswana significantly reduced its malaria burden between 2000 and 2012. incidence dropped from 0.99 to 0.01 % and deaths attributed to malaria declined from 12 to 3. the country initiated elimination strategies in october 2012. we examine the progress and challenges during implementation and identify future needs for a successful program in botswana. | 2016 | 26911433 |
investigating associations between biting time in the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis patton and single nucleotide polymorphisms in circadian clock genes: support for sub-structure among an. arabiensis in the kilombero valley of tanzania. | there is growing evidence that the widespread use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) is prompting malaria vectors to shift their biting towards times and places where people are not protected, such as earlier in the evening and/or outdoors. it is uncertain whether these behavioural shifts are due to phenotypic plasticity and/or ecological changes within vector communities that favour more exophilic species, or involve genetic factors within vector species to limit their contact with llins ... | 2016 | 26920563 |
inactivation of anopheles gambiae glutathione transferase ε2 by epiphyllocoumarin. | glutathione transferases (gsts) are part of a major family of detoxifying enzymes that can catalyze the reductive dehydrochlorination of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt). the delta and epsilon classes of insect gsts have been implicated in conferring resistance to this insecticide. in this study, the inactivation of anopheles gambiae gstε2 by epiphyllocoumarin (tral 1) was investigated. recombinant aggstε2 was expressed in escherichia coli cells containing a pet3a-agstε2 plasmid and purifie ... | 2016 | 26925266 |
spatially aggregated clusters and scattered smaller loci of elevated malaria vector density and human infection prevalence in urban dar es salaam, tanzania. | malaria transmission, primarily mediated by anopheles gambiae, persists in dar es salaam (dsm) despite high coverage with bed nets, mosquito-proofed housing and larviciding. new or improved vector control strategies are required to eliminate malaria from dsm, but these will only succeed if they are delivered to the minority of locations where residual transmission actually persists. hotspots of spatially clustered locations with elevated malaria infection prevalence or vector densities were, the ... | 2016 | 26931372 |
entomological aspects and the role of human behaviour in malaria transmission in a highland region of the republic of yemen. | the republic of yemen has the highest incidence of malaria in the arabian peninsula, yet little is known of its vectors or transmission dynamics. | 2016 | 26932794 |
mating competitiveness of sterile genetic sexing strain males (gama) under laboratory and semi-field conditions: steps towards the use of the sterile insect technique to control the major malaria vector anopheles arabiensis in south africa. | anopheles arabiensis patton is primarily responsible for malaria transmission in south africa after successful suppression of other major vector species using indoor spraying of residual insecticides. control of an. arabiensis using current insecticide based approaches is proving difficult owing to the development of insecticide resistance, and variable feeding and resting behaviours. the use of the sterile insect technique as an area-wide integrated pest management system to supplement the cont ... | 2016 | 26934869 |
evaluation of discovar de novo using a mosquito sample for cost-effective short-read genome assembly. | de novo reference assemblies that are affordable, practical to produce, and of sufficient quality for most downstream applications, remain an unattained goal for many taxa. insects, which may yield too little dna from individual specimens for long-read sequencing library construction and often have highly heterozygous genomes, can be particularly hard to assemble using inexpensive short-read sequencing data. the large number of insect species with medical or economic importance makes this a crit ... | 2016 | 26944054 |
modelling the relative abundance of the primary african vectors of malaria before and after the implementation of indoor, insecticide-based vector control. | malaria remains a heavy burden across sub-saharan africa where transmission is maintained by some of the world's most efficient vectors. indoor insecticide-based control measures have significantly reduced transmission, yet elimination remains a distant target. knowing the relative abundance of the primary vector species can provide transmission models with much needed information to guide targeted control measures. moreover, understanding how existing interventions are impacting on these relati ... | 2016 | 26945997 |
malaria incidence and entomological findings in an area targeted for a cluster-randomized controlled trial to prevent malaria in ethiopia: results from a pilot study. | this study was part of the work to prepare for a cluster-randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of combining indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticidal nets on malaria incidence. a pilot study was done to estimate the variations of malaria incidence among villages, combined with entomological collections and an assessment of susceptibility to insecticides in malaria vectors. | 2016 | 26957044 |
the role of oxidative stress in the longevity and insecticide resistance phenotype of the major malaria vectors anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus. | oxidative stress plays numerous biological roles, both functional and pathological. the role of oxidative stress in various epidemiologically relevant biological traits in anopheles mosquitoes is not well established. in this study, the effects of oxidative stress on the longevity and insecticide resistance phenotype in the major malaria vector species an. arabiensis and an. funestus were examined. responses to dietary copper sulphate and hydrogen peroxide were used as proxies for the oxidative ... | 2016 | 26964046 |
determinants of host feeding success by anopheles farauti. | the proportion of blood meals that mosquitoes take from a host species is a function of the interplay of extrinsic (abundance and location of potential hosts) and intrinsic (innate preference) factors. a mark-release-recapture experiment addressed whether host preference in a population of anopheles farauti was uniform or if there were anthropophilic and zoophilic subpopulations. the corresponding fitness associated with selecting different hosts for blood meals was compared by measuring fecundi ... | 2016 | 26964528 |
comparative performance of three experimental hut designs for measuring malaria vector responses to insecticides in tanzania. | experimental huts are simplified, standardized representations of human habitations that provide model systems to evaluate insecticides used in indoor residual spray (irs) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) to kill disease vectors. hut volume, construction materials and size of entry points impact mosquito entry and exposure to insecticides. the performance of three standard experimental hut designs was compared to evaluate insecticide used in llins. | 2016 | 26979404 |
does insecticide resistance contribute to heterogeneities in malaria transmission in the gambia? | malaria hotspots, areas with consistently higher than average transmission, may become increasingly common as malaria declines. this phenomenon, currently observed in the gambia, may be caused by several factors, including some related to the local vectors, whose contribution is poorly understood. | 2016 | 26980461 |
reusing larval rearing water and its effect on development and quality of anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes. | there is growing interest in applying the sterile insect technique (sit) against mosquitoes. mass production of mosquitoes for large-scale releases demands a huge amount of water. yet, many arid and/or seasonally arid countries face the difficulties of acute water shortage, deterioration of water quality and environmental constraints. the re-use of water to rear successive generations of larvae is attractive as a way to reduce water usage and running costs, and help to make this control method v ... | 2016 | 26984183 |
environmental influences on mosquito foraging and integrated vector management can delay the evolution of behavioral resistance. | along with the scaled-up distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets for malaria control has become concern about insecticide resistance. a related concern regards the evolution of host-seeking periodicity from the nocturnal to the crepuscular periods of the day. why we observe such shifts in some areas but not others and which methods could prove useful in managing such behavioral resistance remain open questions. we developed a foraging model to explore whether environmental conditions affe ... | 2016 | 26989441 |
a regional model for malaria vector developmental habitats evaluated using explicit, pond-resolving surface hydrology simulations. | dynamical malaria models can relate precipitation to the availability of vector breeding sites using simple models of surface hydrology. here, a revised scheme is developed for the vectri malaria model, which is evaluated alongside the default scheme using a two year simulation by hydremats, a 10 metre resolution, village-scale model that explicitly simulates individual ponds. despite the simplicity of the two vectri surface hydrology parametrization schemes, they can reproduce the sub-seasonal ... | 2016 | 27003834 |
genomic signatures of population decline in the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. | population genomic features such as nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium are expected to be strongly shaped by changes in population size, and might therefore be useful for monitoring the success of a control campaign. in the kilifi district of kenya, there has been a marked decline in the abundance of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae subsequent to the rollout of insecticide-treated bed nets. | 2016 | 27013475 |
characterization of an indoor-resting population of anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) and the implications on malaria transmission in tubu village in okavango subdistrict, botswana. | comprehensive knowledge on vector dynamics is lacking in botswana and yet essential for effective indoor residual spraying. this study assessed some of the entomological indices that contribute to malaria transmission by an indoor-resting population of anopheles arabiensis patton (diptera: culicidae) in tubu village, okavango subdistrict. the pyrethroid space-spray technique and hut searches were used to sample mosquitoes. species and bloodmeal source identification were done using the polymeras ... | 2016 | 27018444 |
reduction in malaria incidence following indoor residual spraying with actellic 300 cs in a setting with pyrethroid resistance: mutasa district, zimbabwe. | more than half of malaria cases in zimbabwe are concentrated in manicaland province, where seasonal malaria epidemics occur despite intensified control strategies. recently, high levels of pyrethroid and carbamate resistance were detected in anopheles funestus, the major malaria vector in eastern zimbabwe. in response, a single round of indoor residual spraying (irs) using pirimiphos-methyl (an organophosphate) was implemented in four high burden districts of manicaland province from november 1, ... | 2016 | 27018893 |
insecticide susceptibility of natural populations of anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae (sensu stricto) from okyereko irrigation site, ghana, west africa. | the increasing spread of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors has been well documented across sub-saharan africa countries. the influence of irrigation on increasing vector resistance is poorly understood, and is critical to successful and ethical implementation of food security policies. this study investigated the insecticide resistance status of an. gambiae (s.l.) mosquitoes collected from the irrigated rice area of okyereko, a village containing about 42 hectares of irrigated field with ... | 2016 | 27030033 |
radical remodeling of the y chromosome in a recent radiation of malaria mosquitoes. | y chromosomes control essential male functions in many species, including sex determination and fertility. however, because of obstacles posed by repeat-rich heterochromatin, knowledge of y chromosome sequences is limited to a handful of model organisms, constraining our understanding of y biology across the tree of life. here, we leverage long single-molecule sequencing to determine the content and structure of the nonrecombining y chromosome of the primary african malaria mosquito, anopheles g ... | 2016 | 27035980 |
inflammatory cytokine and humoral responses to plasmodium falciparum glycosylphosphatidylinositols correlates with malaria immunity and pathogenesis. | pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by glycosylphosphatidylinositols (gpis) of plasmodium falciparum contribute to malaria pathogenesis and hence, the naturally acquired anti-gpi antibody thought to provide protection against severe malaria (sm) by neutralizing the stimulatory activity of gpis. in previous studies, the anti-gpi antibody levels increased with age in parallel with the development of acquired immunity, and high levels of anti-gpi antibodies were associated with mild malaria (mm) cas ... | 2015 | 27042299 |
shift in species composition in the anopheles gambiae complex after implementation of long-lasting insecticidal nets in dielmo, senegal. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) are the cornerstones of malaria vector control. however, the effectiveness of these control tools depends on vector ecology and behaviour, which also largely determine the efficacy of certain anopheles mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) as vectors. malaria vectors in sub-saharan africa are primarily species of the anopheles gambiae complex, which present intraspecific differences in behaviour that affect how they respond to v ... | 2016 | 27058993 |
malaria vector populations across ecological zones in guinea conakry and mali, west africa. | malaria remains a pervasive public health problem in sub-saharan west africa. here mosquito vector populations were explored across four sites in mali and the republic of guinea (guinea conakry). the study samples the major ecological zones of malaria-endemic regions in west africa within a relatively small distance. | 2016 | 27059057 |
high heterogeneity of malaria transmission and a large sub-patent and diverse reservoir of infection in wusab as safil district, republic of yemen. | yemen remains the country with the highest malaria transmission within the arabian peninsula and a source of imported cases to neighbouring countries. | 2016 | 27059182 |
correlations between household occupancy and malaria vector biting risk in rural tanzanian villages: implications for high-resolution spatial targeting of control interventions. | fine-scale targeting of interventions is increasingly important where epidemiological disease profiles depict high geographical stratifications. this study verified correlations between household biomass and mosquito house-entry using experimental hut studies, and then demonstrated how geographical foci of mosquito biting risk can be readily identified based on spatial distributions of household occupancies in villages. | 2016 | 27067147 |
malaria in three epidemiological strata in mauritania. | malaria epidemiology in mauritania has been characterized on the basis of epidemiological strata, defined by climatic and geographic features, which divide the country into three zones: sahelian zone, sahelo-saharan transition zone, and saharan zone. the association between geographic stratification and malaria transmission was assessed through a series of parasitological and entomological surveys. | 2016 | 27068219 |
consolidating tactical planning and implementation frameworks for integrated vector management in uganda. | integrated vector management (ivm) is the recommended approach for controlling some vector-borne diseases (vbd). in the face of current challenges to disease vector control, ivm is vital to achieve national targets set for vbd control. though global efforts, especially for combating malaria, now focus on elimination and eradication, ivm remains useful for uganda which is principally still in the control phase of the malaria continuum. this paper outlines the processes undertaken to consolidate t ... | 2016 | 27074809 |
identification of different malaria patterns due to plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax in ethiopian children: a prospective cohort study. | the identification of epidemiological pattern of infection with plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax in malaria-endemic area, where multiple episodes are common, is important for intervention programmes. | 2016 | 27075667 |
daily rhythms in mosquitoes and their consequences for malaria transmission. | the 24-h day involves cycles in environmental factors that impact organismal fitness. this is thought to select for organisms to regulate their temporal biology accordingly, through circadian and diel rhythms. in addition to rhythms in abiotic factors (such as light and temperature), biotic factors, including ecological interactions, also follow daily cycles. how daily rhythms shape, and are shaped by, interactions between organisms is poorly understood. here, we review an emerging area, namely ... | 2016 | 27089370 |
most outdoor malaria transmission by behaviourally-resistant anopheles arabiensis is mediated by mosquitoes that have previously been inside houses. | anopheles arabiensis is stereotypical of diverse vectors that mediate residual malaria transmission globally, because it can feed outdoors upon humans or cattle, or enter but then rapidly exit houses without fatal exposure to insecticidal nets or sprays. | 2016 | 27093890 |
assessing the effects of malaria interventions on the geographical distribution of parasitaemia risk in burkina faso. | burkina faso conducted its first nationally representative household malaria survey in 2010/2011. the survey collected among others, information on malaria interventions, treatment choices and malaria parasite prevalence in children aged 6-59 months. | 2016 | 27098853 |
knowledge, attitudes and practice of communities of wolaita, southern ethiopia about long-lasting insecticidal nets and evaluation of net fabric integrity and insecticidal activity. | optimal use of long-lasting insecticidal (llins) for malaria prevention depends on mass distribution, the users' perception and behaviour of local malaria vectors. this study was aimed at assessing knowledge, attitude and practice (kap) of communities about llins and fabric integrities and insecticidal activities of nets under use in wolaita zone, sothern ethiopia. | 2016 | 27101898 |
monitoring malaria using health facility based surveys: challenges and limitations. | health facility data are more readily accessible for operational planning and evaluation of disease control programmes. the importance, potential challenges and limitations of using facility based survey as an alternative tool for monitoring changes in local malaria epidemiology were examined. | 2016 | 27102913 |
the larvicidal effects of black pepper (piper nigrum l.) and piperine against insecticide resistant and susceptible strains of anopheles malaria vector mosquitoes. | insecticide resistance carries the potential to undermine the efficacy of insecticide based malaria vector control strategies. therefore, there is an urgent need for new insecticidal compounds. black pepper (dried fruit from the vine, piper nigrum), used as a food additive and spice, and its principal alkaloid piperine, have previously been shown to have larvicidal properties. the aim of this study was to investigate the larvicidal effects of ground black pepper and piperine against third and fo ... | 2016 | 27117913 |
analysis of asymptomatic and clinical malaria in urban and suburban settings of southwestern ethiopia in the context of sustaining malaria control and approaching elimination. | malaria intervention in ethiopia has been strengthened significantly in the past decade. the ethiopian government recently stratified the country based upon annual parasite incidence into malaria free, low, moderate and high transmission strata. districts with low transmission were targeted for indigenous transmission elimination. surveillance on malaria disease incidence is needed for planning control and elimination efforts. | 2016 | 27129785 |
the importance of accounting for larval detectability in mosquito habitat-association studies. | mosquito habitat-association studies are an important basis for disease control programmes and/or vector distribution models. however, studies do not explicitly account for incomplete detection during larval presence and abundance surveys, with potential for significant biases because of environmental influences on larval behaviour and sampling efficiency. | 2016 | 27142303 |
plasmodium falciparum malaria parasitaemia among indigenous batwa and non-indigenous communities of kanungu district, uganda. | the indigenous batwa of southwestern uganda are among the most highly impoverished populations in uganda, yet there is negligible research on the prevalence of malaria in this population. plasmodium falciparum malaria parasitaemia prevalence was estimated in an indigenous batwa and a non-indigenous neighbouring population, and an exploration of modifiable risk factors was carried out to identify potential entry points for intervention. additionally, evidence of zooprophylaxis was assessed, hypot ... | 2016 | 27146298 |
circumsporozoite protein rates, blood-feeding pattern and frequency of knockdown resistance mutations in anopheles spp. in two ecological zones of mauritania. | mosquitoes belonging to anopheles gambiae species complex are the main malaria vector in mauritania but data on their vector capacities, feeding habits and insecticide susceptibility are still scanty. the objectives of this study were to fill this gap. | 2016 | 27151152 |
short persistence of bendiocarb sprayed on pervious walls and its implication for the indoor residual spray program in ethiopia. | with the emergence and spread of vector resistance to pyrethroids and ddt in africa, several countries have recently switched or are considering switching to carbamates and/or organophosphates for indoor residual spraying (irs). however, data collected on the residual life of bendiocarb used for irs in some areas indicate shorter than expected bio-efficacy. this study evaluated the effect of ph and wall type on the residual life of the carbamates bendiocarb and propoxur as measured by the standa ... | 2016 | 27151229 |
benchmarking vector arthropod culture: an example using the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae). | numerous important characteristics of adult arthropods are related to their size; this is influenced by conditions experienced as immatures. arthropods cultured in the laboratory for research, or mass-reared for novel control methods, must therefore be of a standard size range and known quality so that results are reproducible. | 2016 | 27160438 |
the persistence and ecological impacts of a cyanobacterium genetically engineered to express mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis toxins. | the cyanobacterium anabaena pcc 7120#11 has been genetically engineered to act as a delivery vehicle for bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis mosquitocidal toxins. to address ecological concerns about releasing this genetically engineered microorganism into the environment for mosquito larva control, the persistence and ecological impacts of pcc 7120#11 was evaluated using multi-species, standardized aquatic microcosms. | 2016 | 27165108 |
overhead tank is the potential breeding habitat of anopheles stephensi in an urban transmission setting of chennai, india. | wells and overhead tanks (oht) are the major breeding sources of the local malaria vector, anopheles stephensi in the indian city of chennai; they play a significant role in vector breeding, and transmission of urban malaria. many other man-made breeding habitats, such as cemented cisterns/containers, barrels or drums, sumps or underground tanks, and plastic pots/containers are maintained to supplement water needs, temporarily resulting in enhanced mosquito/vector breeding. correlating breeding ... | 2016 | 27169513 |
patterns of genome-wide variation in glossina fuscipes fuscipes tsetse flies from uganda. | the tsetse fly glossina fuscipes fuscipes (gff) is the insect vector of the two forms of human african trypanosomiasis (hat) that exist in uganda. understanding gff population dynamics, and the underlying genetics of epidemiologically relevant phenotypes is key to reducing disease transmission. using ddrad sequence technology, complemented with whole-genome sequencing, we developed a panel of ∼73,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) distributed across the gff genome that can be used for po ... | 2016 | 27172181 |
gravid anopheles gambiae sensu stricto avoid ovipositing in bermuda grass hay infusion and it's volatiles in two choice egg-count bioassays. | a number of mosquito species in the culex and aedes genera prefer to lay eggs in bermuda grass (cynodon dactylon) hay infusions compared to water alone. these mosquitoes are attracted to volatile compounds from the hay infusions making the infusions effective baits in gravid traps used for monitoring vectors of arboviral and filarial pathogens. since bermuda grass is abundant and widespread, it is plausible to explore infusions made from it as a potential low cost bait for outdoor monitoring of ... | 2016 | 27177033 |
challenges for malaria elimination in brazil. | brazil currently contributes 42 % of all malaria cases reported in the latin america and the caribbean, a region where major progress towards malaria elimination has been achieved in recent years. in 2014, malaria burden in brazil (143,910 microscopically confirmed cases and 41 malaria-related deaths) has reached its lowest levels in 35 years, plasmodium falciparum is highly focal, and the geographic boundary of transmission has considerably shrunk. transmission in brazil remains entrenched in t ... | 2016 | 27206924 |
anopheles coluzzii larval habitat and insecticide resistance in the island area of manoka, cameroon. | the effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying in malaria vector control is threatened by vector resistance to insecticides. knowledge of mosquito habitats and patterns of insecticide resistance would facilitate the development of appropriate vector control strategies. therefore, we investigated an. coluzzii larval habitats and resistance to insecticides in the manoka rural island area compared with the youpwe suburban inland area, in douala vi and ii districts ... | 2016 | 27207560 |
a significant association between deltamethrin resistance, plasmodium falciparum infection and the vgsc-1014s resistance mutation in anopheles gambiae highlights the epidemiological importance of resistance markers. | the success of malaria vector control is threatened by widespread pyrethroid insecticide resistance. however, the extent to which insecticide resistance impacts transmission is unclear. the objective of this study was to examine the association between the ddt/pyrethroid knockdown resistance mutation vgsc-1014s, commonly termed kdr, and infection with plasmodium falciparum sporozoites in anopheles gambiae. | 2016 | 27216484 |
knowledge and awareness of malaria and mosquito biting behaviour in selected sites within morogoro and dodoma regions tanzania. | in tanzania there has been a downward trend in malaria prevalence partly due to use of insecticide-treated bed nets for protection against anopheles mosquitoes. however, residual malaria transmission attributed to early biting behaviour of malaria vectors is being reported. knowledge of mosquito feeding behaviour is key to improvements in control approaches. the present study aimed to assess knowledge and awareness on malaria and malaria vectors in-morogoro and dodoma regions of tanzania. | 2016 | 27216605 |
the epidemiology of residual plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission and infection burden in an african city with high coverage of multiple vector control measures. | in the tanzanian city of dar es salaam, high coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins), larvicide application (la) and mosquito-proofed housing, was complemented with improved access to artemisinin-based combination therapy and rapid diagnostic tests by the end of 2012. | 2016 | 27216734 |
first evaluation of bendiocarb in experimental huts using different substrates in madagascar. | indoor residual spraying with insecticide is recommended for malaria control in high-transmission settings. determination of residual activity of insecticides is essential for the selection of appropriate indoor spraying policy. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the residual effect of bendiocarb, a carbamate insecticide used in madagascar, on different indoor surfaces in order to elaborate future vector control interventions. | 2016 | 27230626 |
sustained efficacy of artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine against plasmodium falciparum in yemen and a renewed call for an adjunct single dose primaquine to clear gametocytes. | in yemen, artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (as + sp) has been used as first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria, which accounts for about 99 % of malaria cases. there is evidence that resistance to sp is increasing, with potential negative impact on efficacy, and in particular on curbing transmission. this study aims: (a) to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of as + sp treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in yemen; (b) to investigate the frequency of mutations ... | 2016 | 27234587 |
wolbachia infections in natural anopheles populations affect egg laying and negatively correlate with plasmodium development. | the maternally inherited alpha-proteobacterium wolbachia has been proposed as a tool to block transmission of devastating mosquito-borne infectious diseases like dengue and malaria. here we study the reproductive manipulations induced by a recently identified wolbachia strain that stably infects natural mosquito populations of a major malaria vector, anopheles coluzzii, in burkina faso. we determine that these infections significantly accelerate egg laying but do not induce cytoplasmic incompati ... | 2016 | 27243367 |
assessment of clarias gariepinus as a biological control agent against mosquito larvae. | the emergence and spread of insecticide resistant mosquitoes renewed interest in investigating the use of larvivorous fish as a biological control agent. the potential of clarias gariepinus fish in controlling anopheles arabiensis and culicine larvae was assessed under laboratory and semi-field conditions. | 2016 | 27245935 |
crowdsourcing vector surveillance: using community knowledge and experiences to predict densities and distribution of outdoor-biting mosquitoes in rural tanzania. | lack of reliable techniques for large-scale monitoring of disease-transmitting mosquitoes is a major public health challenge, especially where advanced geo-information systems are not regularly applicable. we tested an innovative crowd-sourcing approach, which relies simply on knowledge and experiences of residents to rapidly predict areas where disease-transmitting mosquitoes are most abundant. guided by community-based resource persons, we mapped boundaries and major physical features in three ... | 2016 | 27253869 |
ecology of urban malaria vectors in niamey, republic of niger. | urbanization in african cities has major impact on malaria risk. niamey, the capital of the republic of niger, is situated in the west african sahel zone. the short rainy season and human activities linked with the niger river influence mosquito abundance. this study aimed at deciphering the factors of distribution of urban malaria vectors in niamey. | 2016 | 27277707 |
evaluation of endod (phytolacca dodecandra: phytolaccaceae) as a larvicide against anopheles arabiensis, the principal vector of malaria in ethiopia. | malaria control methods rely mostly on adult mosquito control using insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying with insecticides. plants such as endod (phytolacca dodecandra) can potentially be used for the control of mosquito larvae as a supplement to adult control methods. following the discovery of endod, a molluscicide plant, more than 5 decades ago in ethiopia, subsequent studies have shown that its potency can further be increased by simple procedures such as aging endod berry p ... | 2016 | 27280350 |
decline in frequency of the 2la chromosomal inversion in anopheles gambiae (s.s.) in western kenya: correlation with increase in ownership of insecticide-treated bed nets. | the 2la chromosomal inversion, a genetic polymorphism in an. gambiae (sensu stricto) (s.s.), is associated with adaptation to microclimatic differences in humidity and desiccation resistance and mosquito behaviors. ownership of insecticide-treated bed nets (itns) for malaria control has increased markedly in western kenya in the last 20 years. an increase in the frequency of itns indoors could select against house entering or indoor resting of anopheles mosquitoes. thus, the frequency of the 2la ... | 2016 | 27286834 |
effect of stable and fluctuating temperatures on the life history traits of anopheles arabiensis and an. quadriannulatus under conditions of inter- and intra-specific competition. | constant and fluctuating temperatures influence important life-history parameters of malaria vectors which has implications for community organization and the malaria disease burden. the effects of environmental temperature on the hatch rate, survivorship and development rate of anopheles arabiensis and an. quadriannulatus under conditions of inter- and intra-specific competition are studied. | 2016 | 27301875 |
evaluation of a topical formulation of eprinomectin against anopheles arabiensis when administered to zebu cattle (bos indicus) under field conditions. | although vector control strategies, such as insecticide-treated bed nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying (irs) have been effective in kenya the transmission of malaria continues to afflict western kenya. this residual transmission is driven in part by anopheles arabiensis, known for its opportunistic blood feeding behaviour and propensity to feed outdoors. the objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of the drug eprinomectin at reducing malaria vector density when applied to c ... | 2016 | 27317557 |
rickettsia felis, an emerging flea-borne rickettsiosis. | rickettsia felis is an emerging insect-borne rickettsial pathogen and the causative agent of flea-borne spotted fever. first described as a human pathogen from the usa in 1991, r. felis is now identified throughout the world and considered a common cause of fever in africa. the cosmopolitan distribution of this pathogen is credited to the equally widespread occurrence of cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis), the primary vector and reservoir of r. felis. although r. felis is a relatively new member ... | 2016 | 27340613 |
multiplicity of infection and genetic diversity of plasmodium falciparum isolates from patients with uncomplicated and severe malaria in gezira state, sudan. | multiplicity and genetic diversity of plasmodium falciparum infection might play a role in determining the clinical outcome of malaria infection and could be a fair reflection of the disease transmission rate. this study investigated the genetic diversity of p. falciparum and multiplicity of infection in relation to the severity of malaria and age of patients in gezira state, sudan. | 2016 | 27350250 |
rapid and non-destructive detection and identification of two strains of wolbachia in aedes aegypti by near-infrared spectroscopy. | the release of wolbachia infected mosquitoes is likely to form a key component of disease control strategies in the near future. we investigated the potential of using near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs) to simultaneously detect and identify two strains of wolbachia pipientis (wmelpop and wmel) in male and female laboratory-reared aedes aegypti mosquitoes. our aim is to find faster, cheaper alternatives for monitoring those releases than the molecular diagnostic techniques that are currently in us ... | 2016 | 27362709 |
susceptibility status of anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) commonly used as biological materials for evaluations of malaria vector control tools in madagascar. | madagascar is a malaria-endemic country with an increase in cases in recent years. in vector control using insecticide, a susceptible strain is necessary to evaluate insecticide efficacy, either for spraying or on nets. the susceptibility of anopheles arabiensis from antananarivo, madagascar to two organophosphate, three pyrethroid, two carbamate, and one organochlorine insecticides was investigated. since 2010, an. arabiensis strain has been maintained away from insecticide source during 110 ge ... | 2016 | 27364163 |
is nigeria winning the battle against malaria? prevalence, risk factors and kap assessment among hausa communities in kano state. | malaria is one of the most severe global public health problems worldwide, particularly in africa, where nigeria has the greatest number of malaria cases. this community-based study was designed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of malaria and to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (kap) regarding malaria among rural hausa communities in kano state, nigeria. | 2016 | 27392040 |
using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to mark wild populations of anopheles and aedes mosquitoes in south-eastern tanzania. | marking wild mosquitoes is important for understanding their ecology, behaviours and role in disease transmission. traditional insect marking techniques include using fluorescent dyes, protein labels, radioactive labels and tags, but such techniques have various limitations; notably low marker retention and inability to mark wild mosquitoes at source. stable isotopes are gaining wide spread use for non-invasive marking of arthropods, permitting greater understanding of mosquito dispersal and res ... | 2016 | 27392083 |
a review of new challenges and prospects for malaria elimination in mutare and mutasa districts, zimbabwe. | this review outlines and discusses the new challenges in malaria control and prospects for its elimination in mutare and mutasa districts, zimbabwe. the burden of malaria has declined significantly over the past 5 years in most regions in zimbabwe, including mutare and mutasa districts. the nationwide malaria reduction has been primarily linked to scaled-up vector control interventions and early diagnosis and treatment with effective anti-malarial medicines. the successes recorded have prompted ... | 2016 | 27411705 |
larval food quantity affects the capacity of adult mosquitoes to transmit human malaria. | adult traits of holometabolous insects are shaped by conditions experienced during larval development, which might impact interactions between adult insect hosts and parasites. however, the ecology of larval insects that vector disease remains poorly understood. here, we used anopheles stephensi mosquitoes and the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum, to investigate whether larval conditions affect the capacity of adult mosquitoes to transmit malaria. we reared larvae in two groups; one ... | 0 | 27412284 |
tyrosine hydroxylase is crucial for maintaining pupal tanning and immunity in anopheles sinensis. | tyrosine hydroxylase (th), the initial enzyme in the melanin pathway, catalyzes tyrosine conversion into dopa. although expression and regulation of th have been shown to affect cuticle pigmentation in insects, no direct functional studies to date have focused on the specific physiological processes involving the enzyme during mosquito development. in the current study, silencing of asth during the time period of continuous high expression in anopheles sinensis pupae led to significant impairmen ... | 2016 | 27416870 |
modelling the influence of temperature and rainfall on the population dynamics of anopheles arabiensis. | malaria continues to be one of the most devastating diseases in the world, killing more humans than any other infectious disease. malaria parasites are entirely dependent on anopheles mosquitoes for transmission. for this reason, vector population dynamics is a crucial determinant of malaria risk. consequently, it is important to understand the biology of malaria vector mosquitoes in the study of malaria transmission. temperature and precipitation also play a significant role in both aquatic and ... | 2016 | 27421769 |
key knowledge gaps for plasmodium vivax control and elimination. | there is inadequate understanding of the biology, pathology, transmission, and control of plasmodium vivax, the geographically most widespread cause of human malaria. during the last decades, study of this species was neglected, in part due to the erroneous belief that it is intrinsically benign. in addition, many technical challenges in culturing the parasite also hampered understanding its fundamental biology and molecular and cellular responses to chemotherapeutics. research on vivax malaria ... | 2016 | 27430544 |
chicken volatiles repel host-seeking malaria mosquitoes. | anopheles arabiensis is a dominant vector of malaria in sub-saharan africa, which feeds indoors and outdoors on human and other vertebrate hosts, making it a difficult species to control with existing control methods. novel methods that reduce human-vector interactions are, therefore, required to improve the impact of vector control programmes. investigating the mechanisms underlying the host discrimination process in an. arabiensis could provide valuable knowledge leading to the development of ... | 2016 | 27439360 |
an experimental hut evaluation of olyset plus, a long-lasting insecticidal net treated with a mixture of permethrin and piperonyl butoxide, against anopheles fluviatilis in odisha state, india. | fast development of pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors prompted the development of new vector control tools including combination of insecticides with different modes of action as part of resistance management strategies. olyset plus® is a new long-lasting insecticidal net, in which, permethrin and a synergist, piperonyl butoxide (pbo), are incorporated into filaments. mixture nets such as this may have application against resistant mosquitoes, particularly those whose resistance is based ... | 2016 | 27439398 |
cytochrome p450 associated with insecticide resistance catalyzes cuticular hydrocarbon production in anopheles gambiae. | the role of cuticle changes in insecticide resistance in the major malaria vector anopheles gambiae was assessed. the rate of internalization of (14)c deltamethrin was significantly slower in a resistant strain than in a susceptible strain. topical application of an acetone insecticide formulation to circumvent lipid-based uptake barriers decreased the resistance ratio by ∼50%. cuticle analysis by electron microscopy and characterization of lipid extracts indicated that resistant mosquitoes had ... | 2016 | 27439866 |
greener synthesis of indolizine analogues using water as a base and solvent: study for larvicidal activity against anopheles arabiensis. | greener synthesis of a series of novel indolizine analogues have been achieved by the cyclization of aromatic cycloimmonium ylides with electron-deficient alkynes in the presence of water as the base and solvent at 80 °c. yield of the title compounds was good and reactions performed were eco-friendly. the structures of these newly synthesized compounds have been confirmed by spectroscopic techniques such as ftir, nmr, lc-ms, and elemental analysis. characterized title compounds were evaluated fo ... | 2016 | 27440719 |
composition and genetics of malaria vector populations in the central african republic. | in many african countries malaria has declined sharply due to a synergy of actions marked by the introduction of vector control strategies, but the disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in central african republic (car). an entomological study was initiated with the aim to characterize the malaria vectors in bangui, the capital of car, and determine their vector competence. | 2016 | 27456078 |
a crispr-cas9 sex-ratio distortion system for genetic control. | genetic control aims to reduce the ability of insect pest populations to cause harm via the release of modified insects. one strategy is to bias the reproductive sex ratio towards males so that a population decreases in size or is eliminated altogether due to a lack of females. we have shown previously that sex ratio distortion can be generated synthetically in the main human malaria vector anopheles gambiae, by selectively destroying the x-chromosome during spermatogenesis, through the activity ... | 2016 | 27484623 |