Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| 4-aminoquinoline derivatives as potential antileishmanial agents. | the leishmanicidal activity of a series of 4-aminoquinoline (amq) derivatives was assayed against leishmania amazonensis. this activity against the intracellular parasite was found stronger than for l. amazonensis promastigotes. neither compound was cytotoxic against macrophages. the compound amq-j, which exhibited a strong activity against promastigotes and amastigotes of l. amazonensis (ic50 values of 5.9 and 2.4 μg/ml, respectively) and similar leishmanicidal activity to reference drugs, was ... | 2015 | 25682728 |
| regulation of leishmania (l.) amazonensis protein expression by host t cell dependent responses: differential expression of oligopeptidase b, tryparedoxin peroxidase and hsp70 isoforms in amastigotes isolated from balb/c and balb/c nude mice. | leishmaniasis is an important disease that affects 12 million people in 88 countries, with 2 million new cases every year. leishmania amazonensis is an important agent in brazil, leading to clinical forms varying from localized (lcl) to diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (dcl). one interesting issue rarely analyzed is how host immune response affects leishmania phenotype and virulence. aiming to study the effect of host immune system on leishmania proteins we compared proteomes of amastigotes isola ... | 2015 | 25692783 |
| in vitro metacyclogenesis of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis clinical field isolates, as evaluated by morphology, complement resistance, and infectivity to human macrophages. | this study was designed to assess in vitro metacyclogenesis of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis clinical field isolates obtained from patient lesions (l. braziliensis img3 and pps6m; l. amazonensis mab6). metacyclogenesis was evaluated by different criteria, namely, promastigote size (morphometric analysis and flow cytometry), surface modifications (loss of lectin or monoclonal antibody (mab) binding, complement resistance), and infectivity to human macro ... | 2015 | 25695070 |
| combinations of ascaridole, carvacrol, and caryophyllene oxide against leishmania. | to date there are no vaccines against leishmania and chemotherapy remains the mainstay for the control of leishmaniasis. the drugs currently used for leishmaniasis therapy are significantly toxic, expensive, and result in a growing frequency of refractory infections. in this study, we evaluated the effect of combinations of the main components of essential oil from chenopodium ambrosioides (ascaridole, carvacrol, and caryophyllene oxide) against leishmaniaamazonensis. anti-leishmanial effects of ... | 2015 | 25697866 |
| therapeutic switching: from antidermatophytic essential oils to new leishmanicidal products. | this study examined whether the antidermatophytic activity of essential oils (eos) can be used as an indicator for the discovery of active natural products against leishmania amazonensis. the aerial parts of seven plants were hydrodistilled. using broth microdilution techniques, the obtained eos were tested against three strains of dermatophytes (trichophyton mentagrophytes, microsporum gypseum and microsporum canis). to compare the eos antifungal and antiparasitic effects, the eos activities ag ... | 2015 | 25714080 |
| antileishmanial activity of standardized fractions of stryphnodendron obovatum (barbatimão) extract and constituent compounds. | stryphnodendron obovatum benth. is a brazilian tree used to treat skin ulceration, promote wound healing, and inhibit the growth of protozoa, including trypanosoma and leishmania species. bioguided fractionation of the ethanol extract of s. obovatum stem bark was performed, and antileishmanial and antioxidant activities of the standardized fractions were analyzed. | 2015 | 25732835 |
| bioactive endophytic fungi isolated from caesalpinia echinata lam. (brazilwood) and identification of beauvericin as a trypanocidal metabolite from fusarium sp. | aiming to identify new sources of bioactive secondary metabolites, we isolated 82 endophytic fungi from stems and barks of the native brazilian tree caesalpinia echinata lam. (fabaceae). we tested their ethyl acetate extracts in several in vitro assays. the organic extracts from three isolates showed antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli [minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) 32-64 μg/ml]. one isolate inhibited the growth of salmonella typhimurium (mic 64 μg/ ... | 2015 | 25742265 |
| therapeutic switching: from antidermatophytic essential oils to new leishmanicidal products. | this study examined whether the antidermatophytic activity of essential oils (eos) can be used as an indicator for the discovery of active natural products against leishmania amazonensis. the aerial parts of seven plants were hydrodistilled. using broth microdilution techniques, the obtained eos were tested against three strains of dermatophytes (trichophyton mentagrophytes, microsporum gypseum and microsporum canis). to compare the eos antifungal and antiparasitic effects, the eos activities ag ... | 2015 | 25742270 |
| interactions between neutrophils and leishmania braziliensis amastigotes facilitate cell activation and parasite clearance. | leishmania braziliensis and leishmania amazonensis are both causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis in south america. however, patient prognosis and the host immune response differ considerably depending on the infecting parasite species. the mechanisms underlying these differences appear to be multifactorial, with both host and parasite components contributing to disease outcome. as neutrophils are a prominent component of the inflammatory infiltrate in chronic cutaneous, diffuse cutaneous ... | 2015 | 25766649 |
| effect of apigenin on leishmania amazonensis is associated with reactive oxygen species production followed by mitochondrial dysfunction. | leishmaniasis is an important neglected disease caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania that affects more than 12 million people worldwide. leishmaniasis treatment requires the administration of toxic and poorly tolerated drugs, and parasite resistance greatly reduces the efficacy of conventional medications. apigenin (1), a naturally occurring plant flavone, has a wide range of reported biological effects. in this study, antileishmanial activity of 1 in vitro was investigated, and its mechan ... | 2015 | 25768915 |
| the efficacy of 2-nitrovinylfuran derivatives against leishmania in vitro and in vivo. | despite recent advances in the treatment of some forms of leishmaniasis, the available drugs are still far from ideal due to inefficacy, parasite resistance, toxicity and cost. the wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity of 2-nitrovinylfuran compounds has been described, as has their activity against trichomonas vaginalis and other protozoa. thus, the aim of this study was to test the antileishmanial activities of six 2-nitrovinylfurans in vitro and in a murine model of leishmaniasis. minimum paras ... | 2015 | 25807467 |
| novel selective inhibitor of leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis arginase. | arginase is a glycosomal enzyme in leishmania that is involved in polyamine and trypanothione biosynthesis. the central role of arginase in leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis was demonstrated by the generation of two mutants: one with an arginase lacking the glycosomal addressing signal and one in which the arginase-coding gene was knocked out. both of these mutants exhibited decreased infectivity. thus, arginase seems to be a potential drug target for leishmania treatment. in an attempt to sea ... | 2015 | 25845502 |
| nucleosides present on phlebotomine saliva induce immunossuppression and promote the infection establishment. | sand fly saliva plays a crucial role in establishing leishmania infection. we identified adenosine (ado) and adenosine monophosphate (amp) as active pharmacologic compounds present in phlebotomus papatasi saliva that inhibit dendritic cell (dc) functions through a pge2/il 10-dependent mechanism. | 2015 | 25849562 |
| evaluation of leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities of phenolic compounds from calea uniflora less. | the phytochemical study of calea uniflora led to the isolation of nine phenolic compounds identified as noreugenin (1), ethyl caffeate (2), a mixture of butein (3) + orobol (4), α-hydroxy-butein (5), caffeic acid (6), butein 4'-o-glucopyranosyl (7), quercetin 3-o-glucopyranosyl (8) and 3,5-di-o-caffeoylquinic acid (9). the chemical identity of the isolates was established on the basis of nmr and physical data. the chemical shifts of 5 and 7 have been reassigned and all the isolates were tested a ... | 2016 | 25880257 |
| immunohistochemical evidence of stress and inflammatory markers in mouse models of cutaneous leishmaniosis. | leishmanioses are chronic parasitic diseases and host responses are associated with pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines involved, respectively, in the control or exacerbation of infection. the relevance of other inflammatory mediators and stress markers has not been widely studied and there is a need to search for biomarkers to leishmaniasis. in this work, the stress and inflammatory molecules p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, cyclooxygenase-2, migration inhibitory factor, macrophage inflamm ... | 2015 | 25896942 |
| high selective antileishmanial activity of vanadium complex with stilbene derivative. | leishmaniasis is a group of disease caused by different species of the parasite leishmania affecting millions of people worldwide. conventional therapy relies on multiple parenteral injections with pentavalent antimonials which exhibit high toxicity and various side effects have been reported. hence, the research for an effective and low toxic effect drug is necessary. in the present work, the synthesis, spectroscopic and analytical characterizations of stilbene derivative (h2salophen) and its v ... | 2015 | 25917716 |
| synthesis and characterization of bismuth(iii) and antimony(v) porphyrins: high antileishmanial activity against antimony-resistant parasite. | two bismuth(iii) porphyrins-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(phenyl)porphyrinatobismuth(iii) nitrate, [bi(iii)(tpp)]no3, and the unprecedent 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carbomethoxyphenyl)porphyrinatobismuth(iii) nitrate, [bi(iii)(t4cmpp)]no3, and two unprecedented antimony(v) porphyrins dichlorido(5,10,15,20-tetrakis(phenyl)porphyrinato)antimony(v) bromide, [sb(v)(tpp)cl2]br, and dibromido(5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carbomethoxyphenyl)porphyrinato)antimony(v) bromide, [sb(v)(t4cmpp)br2]br,-were synthesized by reacting ... | 2015 | 25929728 |
| the efficacy of 2-nitrovinylfuran derivatives against leishmania in vitro and in vivo. | despite recent advances in the treatment of some forms of leishmaniasis, the available drugs are still far from ideal due to inefficacy, parasite resistance, toxicity and cost. the wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity of 2-nitrovinylfuran compounds has been described, as has their activity against trichomonas vaginalis and other protozoa. thus, the aim of this study was to test the antileishmanial activities of six 2-nitrovinylfurans in vitro and in a murine model of leishmaniasis. minimum paras ... | 2015 | 25946239 |
| enhancement of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis by leishmania extract: identification of a disease-associated antibody specificity. | both leishmania braziliensis and leishmania amazonensis induce cutaneous disease when injected in the skin of balb/c mice. however, l. amazonensis may also visceralize in that strain of mice, infecting mainly the liver and spleen. in addition, whereas balb/c mice die with a progressive cutaneous disease when infected by l. amazonensis, the infection by l. braziliensis is spontaneously cured. in a previous work, we have found that intravenous injections of l. amazonensis amastigote extract (lae) ... | 2015 | 25971623 |
| nitric oxide and brazilian propolis combined accelerates tissue repair by modulating cell migration, cytokine production and collagen deposition in experimental leishmaniasis. | the fact that drugs currently used in the treatment of leishmania are highly toxic and associated with acquired resistance has promoted the search for new therapies for treating american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl). in this study, balb/c mice were injected in the hind paw with leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis and subsequently treated with a combination of nitric oxide (no) donor (cis-[ru(bpy) 2imn(no)](pf6)3) (ru-no), given by intraperitoneal injection, and oral brazilian propolis for 30 ... | 2015 | 25973801 |
| the heme transport capacity of lhr1 determines the extent of virulence in leishmania amazonensis. | leishmania spp. are trypanosomatid parasites that replicate intracellularly in macrophages, causing serious human morbidity and mortality throughout the world. trypanosomatid protozoa cannot synthesize heme, so must acquire this essential cofactor from their environment. earlier studies identified lhr1 as a leishmania amazonensis transmembrane protein that mediates heme uptake. null mutants of lhr1 are not viable and single knockout strains have reduced virulence, but very little is known about ... | 2015 | 26001191 |
| il-18 contributes to susceptibility to leishmania amazonensis infection by macrophage-independent mechanisms. | we evaluated the role of il-18 during leishmania amazonensis infection in c57bl/6 mice, using il-18ko mice. we showed that il-18 is involved in susceptibility to l. amazonensis, since il-18ko mice presented reduced lesions and parasite loads. because macrophages are the host cells of the parasite, we investigated if macrophages were involved in il-18-mediated susceptibility to l. amazonensis. we showed that macrophages obtained from wt or il-18ko responded similarly to l. amazonensis infection. ... | 2015 | 26009021 |
| analysis of iron superoxide dismutase-encoding dna vaccine on the evolution of the leishmania amazonensis experimental infection. | the present work aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of leishmania amazonensis iron superoxide dismutase (sod)-encoding dna experimental vaccine and the protective properties of this dna vaccine during infection. the sod gene was subcloned into the pvax1 plasmid, and it was used to immunize balb/c mice. twenty-one days after the last immunization, mice were sacrificed (immunogenicity studies) or subcutaneously challenged with l. amazonensis (studies of protection), and alterations in cellular a ... | 2015 | 26040192 |
| cinnamic acid derived compounds loaded into liposomes: antileishmanial activity, production standardisation and characterisation. | synthetic compounds derived from cinnamic acid were tested in cultures containing the promastigote form of leishmania amazonensis and the dimethylsulphoxide solution of b2 compound (2.0 mg/ml) led to a 92% decrease of leishmania in 96 h of treatment. then, different liposomal systems (diameters ∼200 nm) were prepared by the extrusion method in the presence and absence of compounds studied. dsc thermograms of the liposomes in the presence of these compounds caused changes in δh, tm and δt1/2, com ... | 2015 | 26052723 |
| synthesis and evaluation of novel prenylated chalcone derivatives as anti-leishmanial and anti-trypanosomal compounds. | chalcones form a class of compounds that belong to the flavonoid family and are widely distributed in plants. their simple structure and the ease of preparation make chalcones attractive scaffolds for the synthesis of a large number of derivatives enabling the evaluation of the effects of different functional groups on biological activities. in this letter, we report the successful synthesis of a series of novel prenylated chalcones via claisen-schmidt condensation and the evaluation of their ef ... | 2015 | 26055530 |
| modulation of na+/k+ atpase activity by hydrogen peroxide generated through heme in l. amazonensis. | leishmania amazonensis is a protozoan parasite that occurs in many areas of brazil and causes skin lesions. using this parasite, our group showed the activation of na+/k+ atpase through a signaling cascade that involves the presence of heme and protein kinase c (pkc) activity. heme is an important biomolecule that has pro-oxidant activity and signaling capacity. reactive oxygen species (ros) can act as second messengers, which are required in various signaling cascades. our goal in this work is ... | 2015 | 26070143 |
| kaurenoic acid possesses leishmanicidal activity by triggering a nlrp12/il-1β/cnos/no pathway. | leishmania amazonensis (l. amazonensis) infection can cause severe local and diffuse injuries in humans, a condition clinically known as american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl). currently, the therapeutic approach for acl is based on glucantime, which shows high toxicity and poor effectiveness. therefore, acl remains a neglected disease with limited options for treatment. herein, the in vitro antiprotozoal effect and mechanisms of the diterpene kaurenoic acid [ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid] (ka) aga ... | 2015 | 26074677 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of novel piperidine-benzodioxole derivatives designed as potential leishmanicidal drug candidates. | a novel series of ester and carbamate derivatives was synthesized and evaluated its activities against leishmania amazonensis. all compounds exhibited weaker leishmanicidal activity than amphotericin b. however, results indicated that substituents on the aryl-acyl subunit are important for modulation of the leishmanicidal effect. the nitro derivative showed the highest activity of the series with an ic50 = 17.24 μm, and comparable potency to the 3,4-benzodioxole ester and n-hexyl carbamate deriv ... | 2015 | 26094119 |
| biological characterization of the amazon coral micrurus spixii snake venom: isolation of a new neurotoxic phospholipase a2. | the micrurus genus is the american representative of elapidae family. micrurus spixii is endemic of south america and northern states of brazil. elapidic venoms contain neurotoxins that promote curare-mimetic neuromuscular blockage. in this study, biochemical and functional characterizations of m. spixii crude venom were performed and a new neurotoxic phospholipase a2 called mspla2-i was isolated. m. spixii crude venom caused severe swelling in the legs of tested mice and significant release of ... | 2015 | 26095535 |
| phage-fused epitopes from leishmania infantum used as immunogenic vaccines confer partial protection against leishmania amazonensis infection. | two mimotopes of leishmania infantum identified by phage display were evaluated as vaccine candidates in balb/c mice against leishmania amazonensis infection. the epitope-based immunogens, namely b10 and c01, presented as phage-fused peptides; were used without association of a th1 adjuvant, and they were administered isolated or in combination into animals. both clones showed a specific production of interferon-gamma (ifn-γ), interleukin-12 (il-12) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating ... | 2015 | 26099574 |
| novel dialkylphosphorylhydrazones: synthesis, leishmanicidal evaluation and theoretical investigation of the proposed mechanism of action. | as part of a program to develop new drugs for the treatment of neglected diseases, new dialkylphosphorylhydrazones were synthesized and evaluated against the trypanosomatid parasites leishmania braziliensis and leishmania amazonensis. the synthesis of these compounds proved satisfactory with yields ranging from moderate to good. the most active compounds against l. braziliensis presented ic50 values in the 10(-2) μm range, similar to that of the reference drug pentamidine. two compounds, 4m and ... | 2015 | 26107111 |
| antileishmanial activity of essential oil and 6,7-dehydroroyleanone isolated from tetradenia riparia. | tetradenia riparia plant is used as a traditional medicine in africa for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases as like parasitic. therapy for leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis specie often fails, and the conventional drugs are toxic, expensive, require a long period of treatment, and adverse effects are common. the alternative therapies using natural products are inexpensive and have few or any adverse reaction. these reasons are sufficient to investigat ... | 2015 | 26116864 |
| expression of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is enhanced in leishmania spp naturally resistant to nitric oxide. | leishmania spp are the causative agents of a spectrum of diseases termed leishmaniasis that affect mammals, including humans and dogs. although reactive nitrogen species are employed in the control of parasitism by the immune system, it is known that leishmania can withstand this oxidative stress. as the mechanism by which these species are resistant to nitric oxide (no) is poorly understood, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogen ... | 2015 | 26125921 |
| leishmania is not prone to develop resistance to tamoxifen. | tamoxifen, an antineoplastic agent, is active in vitro and in vivo against the parasitic protozoa leishmania. as part of our efforts to unravel this drug's mechanisms of action against the parasite and understand how resistance could arise, we tried to select tamoxifen-resistant leishmania amazonensis. three different strategies to generate tamoxifen resistant mutants were used: stepwise increase in drug concentration applied to promastigote cultures, chemical mutagenesis followed by drug select ... | 2015 | 26150922 |
| the 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone could be explored to develop new inhibitors against the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from leishmania species. | the enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (g3pdh) from leishmania species is considered as an attractive target to design new antileishmanial drugs and a previous in silico study reported on the importance of chalcones to achieve its inhibition. here, we report the identification of a synthetic chalcone in our in vitro assays with promastigote cells from leishmania amazonensis, its biological activity in animal models, and docking followed by molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the ... | 2015 | 26169126 |
| a new 5-alkylresorcinol glucoside derivative from cybianthus magnus. | one new 5-alkylresorcinol glucoside (1) was isolated from leaves of cybianthus magnus, along with 12 known compounds (2-13), isolated from four plants belonging to myrsinaceae family. their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of their spectral data with those reported in the literature. among the tested molecules, only compound 2 displayed a strong cytotoxic activity with ic50 values ranging between 22 and 100 μm for all cell lines tested. one new ... | 2016 | 26181307 |
| capillary electrophoresis reveals polyamine metabolism modulation in leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis wild type and arginase knockout mutants under arginine starvation. | l-arginine is an essential amino acid in leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis metabolism. a key enzyme for parasite l-arginine metabolism is arginase (arg) that uses arginine to produce urea and ornithine, a precursor of polyamine pathway guaranteeing parasite replication in both insect and mammal hosts. there is an alternative pathway to produce ornithine via l-proline and glutamate, but this mechanism is not described in leishmania. in the mammal host, two enzymes can use l-arginine as substrat ... | 2015 | 26202519 |
| in vitro biological action of aqueous extract from roots of physalis angulata against leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis. | leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by various species of the protozoan parasites of the leishmania genus and transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies. the protozoa multiply in phagocytic cells, mainly macrophages, which play an important role defending the organism from pathogens. the most effective treatment for leishmaniasis is the chemotherapy and besides the high cost, these drugs are toxic and require a long period of treatment. currently, some herbal products are considered an impo ... | 2015 | 26205771 |
| first detection of leishmania spp. dna in brazilian bats captured strictly in urban areas. | leishmania spp. is a protozoan that maintains its life cycle in domestic and wild animals and it may include bats, a population that has increased in urban environments. this study aimed to investigate the presence of leishmania spp. in bats captured strictly in urban areas that are endemic for visceral leishmaniasis. the spleen and skin samples of 488 bats from 21 endemic cities in northwestern são paulo state, brazil, were tested for the presence of leishmania kdna using real-time pcr. differe ... | 2015 | 26209107 |
| the pentavalent antimonial therapy against experimental leishmania amazonensis infection is more effective under the inhibition of the nf-κb pathway. | during leishmania infection, host immune response is important to prevent the growth/survival of intracellular amastigotes. in this study, we evaluated in vitro and in vivo whether or not during leishmania amazonensis infection, pentavalent antimonial treatment/therapy could be more effective under tnf-α inhibition. both l. amazonensis-infected macrophages (in vitro model) and mice (in vivo model) were treated with a nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) inhibitor and with glucantime®, alone and in combined ... | 2015 | 26218282 |
| hairless mice as an experimental model of infection with leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis. | hrs/j hairless mice have been investigated as an experimental model in cutaneous leishmaniasis induced by leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis. the animals were inoculated with 10(6) promastigotes into the right hind footpad and the course of infection was followed up for 30, 60 and 90 days. balb/c mice were infected and used as control. hairless mice were susceptible to l. (l.) amazonensis infection and a progressive increase in number of parasites and footpad thickness was detected over time. s ... | 2015 | 26234915 |
| potent in vitro antiproliferative synergism of combinations of ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors against leishmania amazonensis. | leishmaniases comprise a spectrum of diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the leishmania genus. treatments available have limited safety and efficacy, high costs, and difficult administration. thus, there is an urgent need for safer and more-effective therapies. most trypanosomatids have an essential requirement for ergosterol and other 24-alkyl sterols, which are absent in mammalian cells. in previous studies, we showed that leishmania amazonensis is highly susceptible to aryl-quinuclidine ... | 2015 | 26239973 |
| a novel molecular test to diagnose canine visceral leishmaniasis at the point of care. | dogs are the principal reservoir hosts of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (vl) but current serological methods are not sensitive enough to detect all subclinically infected animals, which is crucial to vl control programs. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods have greater sensitivity but require expensive equipment and trained personnel, impairing its implementation in endemic areas. we developed a diagnostic test that uses isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) to detect leish ... | 2015 | 26240156 |
| biological activities of croton palanostigma klotzsch. | different species of croton are used in traditional amazonian medicine. among the popular uses are treatment of bacterial diseases, poorly healing wounds and fevers. | 2017 | 26246738 |
| characterization of the b cell response to leishmania infection after anti-cd20 b cell depletion. | anti-cd20 depletion therapies targeting b cells are commonly used in malignant b cell disease and autoimmune diseases. there are concerns about the ability of b cells to respond to infectious diseases acquired either before or after b cell depletion. there is evidence that the b cell response to existing or acquired viral infections is compromised during treatment, as well as the antibody response to vaccination. our laboratory has an experimental system using co-infection of c3h mice with both ... | 2015 | 26261496 |
| pvd1 defensin, a plant antimicrobial peptide with inhibitory activity against leishmania amazonensis. | plant defensins are small cysteine-rich peptides and exhibit antimicrobial activity against a variety of both plant and human pathogens. despite the broad inhibitory activity that plant defensins exhibit against different micro-organisms, little is known about their activity against protozoa. in a previous study, we isolated a plant defensin named pvd1 from phaseolus vulgaris (cv. pérola) seeds, which was seen to be deleterious against different yeast cells and filamentous fungi. it exerted its ... | 2015 | 26285803 |
| molecular detection of leishmania in sand flies (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) collected in the caititu indigenous reserve of the municipality of lábrea, state of amazonas, brazil. | phlebotominae sand flies are of medical importance because they are vectors of human pathogens, such as protozoa of the genus leishmania ross, etiological agent of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl). in lábrea, a municipality in the state of amazonas, brazil, acl is primarily associated with subsistence activities, such as collection and extraction of forest products, undertaken by both indigenous and nonindigenous people. data on acl in indigenous populations are scarce, such that there is ... | 2014 | 26309318 |
| antileishmanial activity of compounds produced by endophytic fungi derived from medicinal plant vernonia polyanthes and their potential as source of bioactive substances. | the purpose of this work was to evaluate the antileishmanial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of vernonia polyanthes plant and their prospective use in the discovery of bioactive compounds. sixteen endophytes were isolated by using potato dextrose agar medium and submitted to cultivation in rice medium. the fungal cultures were extracted with ethanol and used as crude extracts for testing their antileishmanial activity. the most active ethanol extract was obtained from p2-f3 str ... | 2015 | 26318306 |
| evaluation of the leishmanicidal and cytotoxic effects of inhibitors for microorganism metabolic pathway enzymes. | chemotherapy for leishmaniosis a neglected parasitic disease, is based on few drugs, which are toxic and present resistance issues. efforts for the development of new therapies are essential for the control of leishmaniasis. metabolic pathway enzymes are promising targets for new drugs against parasites. the search for effective drugs against key enzymes can take advantage of the similarities between metabolic pathways in different microorganisms trypanosomatids trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania ... | 2015 | 26349969 |
| evaluation of antileishmanial activity of albaha medicinal plants against leishmania amazonensis. | sixteen methanolic extracts obtained from thirteen plant species, selected either from ethnobotanical or chemotaxonomical data, were screened for their antileishmanial activity against leishmania amazonensis. the cytotoxic activity against normal peritoneal macrophages from normal balb/c mice was also determined. eight extracts had ic50 values ranging from <12.5 to 37.8 µg/ml against promastigotes. achillea biebersteinii flower, euphorbia helioscopia, and solanum incanum leaf extracts showed ant ... | 2015 | 26357662 |
| nanoemulsions containing a synthetic chalcone as an alternative for treating cutaneous leshmaniasis: optimization using a full factorial design. | nanoemulsions are drug delivery systems that may increase the penetration of lipophilic compounds through the skin, enhancing their topical effect. chalcones are compounds of low water solubility that have been described as promising molecules for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). in this context, the aim of this work was to optimize the development of a nanoemulsion containing a synthetic chalcone for cl treatment using a 2(2) full factorial design. the formulations were prepared b ... | 2015 | 26366075 |
| further evidence of an association between the presence of leishmania rna virus 1 and the mucosal manifestations in tegumentary leishmaniasis patients. | tegumentary leishmaniasis (tl) is endemic in latin america, and brazil contributes approximately 20 thousand cases per year. the pathogenesis of tl, however, is still not fully understood. clinical manifestations vary from cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) to more severe outcomes, such as disseminated leishmaniasis (dl), mucosal leishmaniasis (ml) and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (dcl). many factors have been associated with the severity of the disease and the development of lesions. recent studie ... | 2015 | 26372217 |
| novel 3,4-methylenedioxyde-6-x-benzaldehyde-thiosemicarbazones: synthesis and antileishmanial effects against leishmania amazonensis. | a series of eleven 3,4-methylenedioxyde-6-x-benzaldehyde-thiosemicarbazones (16-27) was synthesised as part of a study to search for potential new drugs with a leishmanicidal effect. the thiosemicarbazones, ten of which are new compounds, were prepared in good yields (85-98%) by the reaction of 3,4-methylenedioxyde-6-benzaldehydes (6-x-piperonal), previously synthesised for this work by several methodologies, and thiosemicarbazide in ethanol with a few drops of h2so4. these compounds were evalua ... | 2015 | 26375353 |
| intranasal vaccination with killed leishmania amazonensis promastigotes antigen (laag) associated with caf01 adjuvant induces partial protection in balb/c mice challenged with leishmania (infantum) chagasi. | the caf01 adjuvant has previously been shown to be safe for human use and to be a potent adjuvant for several vaccine antigens. in the present work, we sought to optimize the leishmania amazonensis antigens (laag) intranasal vaccine in an attempt to enhance the protective immune responses against leishmania (infantum) chagasi by using the caf01 association. laag/caf01 vaccinated mice that were challenged 15 days after booster dose with l. (infantum) chagasi showed a significant reduction in thei ... | 2015 | 26394776 |
| effect of aliphatic, monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic, heterocyclic and sulphur-containing amino acids on leishmania spp. chemotaxis. | in the sand-fly mid gut, leishmania promastigotes are exposed to acute changes in nutrients, e.g. amino acids (aas). these metabolites are the main energy sources for the parasite, crucial for its differentiation and motility. we analysed the migratory behaviour and morphological changes produced by aliphatic, monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic, heterocyclic and sulphur-containing aas in leishmania amazonensis and leishmania braziliensis and demonstrated that l-methionine (10-12 m), l-tryptophan (10-1 ... | 2015 | 26396059 |
| the human parasite leishmania amazonensis downregulates inos expression via nf-κb p50/p50 homodimer: role of the pi3k/akt pathway. | leishmania amazonensis activates the nf-κb transcriptional repressor homodimer (p50/p50) and promotes nitric oxide synthase (inos) downregulation. we investigated the role of pi3k/akt in p50/p50 nf-κb activation and the effect on inos expression in l. amazonensis infection. the increased occupancy of p50/p50 on the inos promoter of infected macrophages was observed and we demonstrated that both p50/p50 nf-κb induction and inos downregulation in infected macrophages depended on pi3k/akt activatio ... | 2015 | 26400473 |
| ifn-γ-dependent recruitment of cd4(+) t cells and macrophages contributes to pathogenesis during leishmania amazonensis infection. | interferon gamma (ifn-γ) is a key factor in the protection of hosts against intracellular parasites. this cytokine induces parasite killing through nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production by phagocytes. surprisingly, during leishmania amazonensis infection, ifn-γ plays controversial roles. during in vitro infections, ifn-γ induces the proliferation of the amastigote forms of l. amazonensis. however, this cytokine is not essential at the beginning of an in vivo infection. it is not cl ... | 2015 | 26401717 |
| indigenous microbiota and leishmaniasis. | animals are colonized by their indigenous microbiota from the early days of life. the estimated number of associated bacterial cells in humans is around of 10(14) per individual, most of them in the gut. several studies have investigated the microbiota-host relationship, and the use of germfree animals has been an important tool in these studies. these animals, when infected with a pathogen, have shown to be sometimes more resistant and other times more susceptible than conventional animals. lei ... | 2016 | 26407073 |
| expression of calpain-like proteins and effects of calpain inhibitors on the growth rate of angomonas deanei wild type and aposymbiotic strains. | angomonas deanei is a trypanosomatid parasite of insects that has a bacterial endosymbiont, which supplies amino acids and other nutrients to its host. bacterium loss induced by antibiotic treatment of the protozoan leads to an aposymbiotic strain with increased need for amino acids and results in increased production of extracellular peptidases. in this work, a more detailed examination of a. deanei was conducted to determine the effects of endosymbiont loss on the host calpain-like proteins (c ... | 2015 | 26415499 |
| molecular characterization of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in the tri‑border area of assis brasil, acre state, brazil. | in this study, leishmania species were identified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the epidemiology of patients suspected of having american cutaneous leishmaniasis in the municipality of assis brasil, acre state, located in the brazil/peru/bolivia tri-border was also investigated. by pcr, the dna of leishmania was detected in 100% of the cases (37 samples) and a pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of the hsp 70 gene identified the species in 32 samples: leishmania (viannia) b ... | 2015 | 26422160 |
| the effect of the phytol-rich fraction from lacistema pubescens against leishmania amazonensis is mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction. | leishmaniasis is a complex disease caused by protozoan parasite leishmania and the treatment remains a serious problem since the available drugs exhibited high toxicity and side effects. plant-derived natural products are promising leads for the development of novel chemotherapeutics. in this work the phytol-rich hexane fraction (prf) from the leaves of lacistema pubescens was obtained and identified by gc-ms analysis. when assayed for antileishmanial effects, prf was active against promastigote ... | 2015 | 26424529 |
| lysosomal trafficking regulator (lyst). | regulation of vesicle trafficking to lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles (lros) as well as regulation of the size of these organelles are critical to maintain their functions. disruption of the lysosomal trafficking regulator (lyst) results in chediak-higashi syndrome (chs), a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, prolonged bleeding, severe immunodeficiency, recurrent bacterial infection, neurologic dysfunction and hemophagocytic lympohistiocytosis (hl ... | 2016 | 26427484 |
| natural infection of phlebotomines (diptera: psychodidae) by leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis in an area of ecotourism in central-western brazil. | bonito municipality, known as an area of ecoturism, in mato grosso do sul state, brazil, is also a focus of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniases, with cases registered in both human and canine populations. this study sought to investigate natural infection by flagellate forms of leishmania in phlebotomines of the urban area of bonito. | 2015 | 26435708 |
| benzophenone derivatives as cysteine protease inhibitors and biological activity against leishmania(l.) amazonensis amastigotes. | the leishmanicidal potential of benzophenones has been described, some of them highlighting their potential as cysteine protease inhibitors. therefore, this work described leishmanicidal activity of nine benzophenone derivatives (1a-c;2a-c;3a-c) against intramacrophage amastigote forms of leishmania(l.)amazonensis (ic50) and the cytotoxic effect on murine peritoneal macrophages (cc50). the derivative 1c exhibited a selectivity index si (cc50/ic50) of 6.7, besides cytotoxicity lower than amphoter ... | 2015 | 26463637 |
| distinct macrophage fates after in vitro infection with different species of leishmania: induction of apoptosis by leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis, but not by leishmania (viannia) guyanensis. | leishmania is an intracellular parasite in vertebrate hosts, including man. during infection, amastigotes replicate inside macrophages and are transmitted to healthy cells, leading to amplification of the infection. although transfer of amastigotes from infected to healthy cells is a crucial step that may shape the outcome of the infection, it is not fully understood. here we compare l. amazonensis and l. guyanensis infection in c57bl/6 and balb/c mice and investigate the fate of macrophages whe ... | 2015 | 26513474 |
| 2-amino-thiophene derivatives present antileishmanial activity mediated by apoptosis and immunomodulation in vitro. | this study evaluated the effects of 2-amino-thiophene derivatives on the promastigote and amastigote forms of leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis and their possible mechanisms of action. initially, we evaluated the antileishmanial activity of ten 2-amino-thiophene derivatives on promastigote and axenic amastigote forms of leishmania amazonensis and their cytotoxicity against murine macrophages and human red blood cells. three promising compounds were selected for studies of the cell death proces ... | 2015 | 26513640 |
| leishmanicidal effect of synthetic trans-resveratrol analogs. | stilbene-based compounds show antitumoral, antioxidant, antihistaminic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. here, we evaluated the effect of the trans-resveratrol analogs, pterostilbene, piceatannol, polydatin and oxyresveratrol, against leishmania amazonensis. | 2015 | 26517558 |
| intranasal vaccination with killed leishmania amazonensis promastigotes antigen (laag) associated with caf01 adjuvant induces partial protection in balb/c mice challenged with leishmania (infantum) chagasi - corrigendum. | 2016 | 26521984 | |
| kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 as a vaccine candidate and a virulence factor in leishmania. | kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 (kmp-11), a protein present in all kinetoplastid protozoa, is considered a potential candidate for a leishmaniasis vaccine. in leishmania amazonensis, kmp-11 is expressed in promastigotes and amastigotes. in both stages, the protein was found in association with membrane structures at the cell surface, flagellar pocket, and intracellular vesicles. more importantly, its surface expression is higher in amastigotes than in promastigotes and increases during metacyc ... | 2015 | 26528287 |
| antileishmanial activity and trypanothione reductase effects of terpenes from the amazonian species croton cajucara benth (euphorbiaceae). | leishmaniasis comprises several infectious diseases caused by protozoa parasites of leishmania genus. in recent years, there has been a growing interest in the therapeutic use of natural products to treat parasitic diseases. among them croton cajucara benth. (euphorbiaceae) is a plant found in the amazonian region with a history of safe use in folk medicine. | 2015 | 26547537 |
| leishmania amazonensis dna in wild females of lutzomyia cruzi (diptera: psychodidae) in the state of mato grosso do sul, brazil. | studies on natural infection by leishmania spp of sandflies collected in endemic and nonendemic areas can provide important information on the distribution and intensity of the transmission of these parasites. this study sought to investigate the natural infection by leishmaniain wild female sandflies. the specimens were caught in the city of corumbá, state of mato grosso do sul (brazil) between october 2012-march 2014, and dissected to investigate flagellates and/or submitted to molecular analy ... | 2015 | 26602870 |
| antileishmanial activity of the essential oil from tetradenia riparia obtained in different seasons. | the herbaceous shrub tetradenia riparia has been traditionally used to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases. recently, a study showed that t. riparia essential oil (treo) obtained in summer has antileishmanial effects, although these results could be influenced by seasonal variation. this study evaluated the activity of the treo obtained in different seasons against leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis, in vitro and in vivo. the compounds in the treo were analysed by gas chromatography-mass ... | 2015 | 26602873 |
| new primers for detection of leishmania infantum using polymerase chain reaction. | leishmania infantum causes visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in the new world. the diagnosis of vl is confirmed by parasitological and serological tests, which are not always sensitive or specific. our aim was to design new primers to perform a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detecting l. infantum. sequences of the minicircle kinetoplast dna (kdna) were obtained from genbank, and the flc2/rlc2 primers were designed. samples of dna from l. infantum, leishmania amazonensis, leishmania braziliensis, ... | 2017 | 26603223 |
| anti-infective assessment of senecio smithioides (asteraceae) and isolation of 9-oxoeuryopsin, a furanoeremophilane-type sesquiterpene with antiplasmodial activity. | the search for anti-infective activity in the antipyretic plant senecio smithioides was conducted. petroleum ether (pe), dichloromethane (ch2cl2), ethyl acetate (etoac) and hydroethanolic (96% etoh) extracts, and compounds 9-oxoeuryopsin (1), epoxydecompostin (2) and senecionine (3) were obtained from the aerial parts. all extracts and 1 were tested against chloroquine-resistant strain of plasmodium falciparum (ref. chloroquine), trypanosoma cruzi (ref. nifurtimox), leishmania braziliensis, leis ... | 2015 | 26606687 |
| hiv-1 tat protein enhances the intracellular growth of leishmania amazonensis via the ds-rna induced protein pkr. | hiv-1 co-infection with human parasitic diseases is a growing public health problem worldwide. leishmania parasites infect and replicate inside macrophages, thereby subverting host signaling pathways, including the response mediated by pkr. the hiv-1 tat protein interacts with pkr and plays a pivotal role in hiv-1 replication. this study shows that tat increases both the expression and activation of pkr in leishmania-infected macrophages. importantly, the positive effect of tat addition on paras ... | 2015 | 26608746 |
| antileishmanial and immunomodulatory effects of the essential oil from tetradenia riparia (hochstetter) codd. | cutaneous leishmaniasis usually presents therapeutic resistance to antimonials, and the existing therapies for leishmaniasis have many adverse effects and toxicity. natural products may be regarded as possible candidates for alternative leishmaniasis treatment. the plant tetradenia riparia has shown promise for the treatment of infectious diseases in folk medicine. we evaluated the antileishmanial activity of an essential oil from t. riparia (treo) and the modulatory effects of treo on cytokine ... | 2016 | 26615004 |
| ecological niche modelling predicts southward expansion of lutzomyia (nyssomyia) flaviscutellata (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae), vector of leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis in south america, under climate change. | vector borne diseases are susceptible to climate change because distributions and densities of many vectors are climate driven. the amazon region is endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis and is predicted to be severely impacted by climate change. recent records suggest that the distributions of lutzomyia (nyssomyia) flaviscutellata and the parasite it transmits, leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis, are expanding southward, possibly due to climate change, and sometimes associated with new human inf ... | 2015 | 26619186 |
| monitoring the response of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis to treatment with pentamidine isethionate by quantitative real-time pcr, and identification of leishmania parasites not responding to therapy. | leishmania (viannia) guyanensis is believed to be the principal cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in suriname. this disease is treated with pentamidine isethionate (pi), but treatment failure has increasingly been reported. | 2016 | 26648589 |
| classical ros-dependent and early/rapid ros-independent release of neutrophil extracellular traps triggered by leishmania parasites. | neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) extruded from neutrophils upon activation are composed of chromatin associated with cytosolic and granular proteins, which ensnare and kill microorganisms. this microbicidal mechanism named classical netosis has been shown to dependent on reactive oxygen species (ros) generation by nadph oxidase and also chromatin decondensation dependent upon the enzymes (pad4), neutrophil elastase (ne) and myeloperoxidase (mpo). net release also occurs through an early/rap ... | 2015 | 26673780 |
| the effect of ursolic acid on leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis is related to programed cell death and presents therapeutic potential in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. | among neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis is one of the most important ones, affecting more than 12 million people worldwide. the available treatments are not well tolerated, and present diverse side effects, justifying the search for new therapeutic compounds. in the present study, the activity of ursolic acid (ua) and oleanolic acid (oa) were assayed in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis (in vitro and in vivo). promastigote forms of l. amazonensis were incubated with oa and ua for 24h ... | 2015 | 26674781 |
| the integrated endoplasmic reticulum stress response in leishmania amazonensis macrophage infection: the role of x-box binding protein 1 transcription factor. | endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress triggers the integrated er-stress response (iersr) that ensures cellular survival of er stress and represents a primordial form of innate immunity. we investigated the role of iersr duringleishmania amazonensisinfection. treatment of raw 264.7 infected macrophages with the er stress-inducing agent thapsigargin (tg; 1 μm) increasedl. amazonensisinfectivity in an ifn1-α receptor (ifnar)-dependent manner. in western blot assays, we showed thatl. amazonensisactivate ... | 2016 | 26678450 |
| molecular characterization and functional analysis of pteridine reductase in wild-type and antimony-resistant leishmania lines. | pteridine reductase (ptr1) is an nadph-dependent reductase that participates in the salvage of pteridines, which are essential to maintain growth of leishmania. in this study, we performed the molecular characterization of ptr1 gene in wild-type (wts) and sbiii-resistant (sbr) lines from leishmania guyanensis (lg), leishmania amazonensis (la), leishmania braziliensis (lb) and leishmania infantum (li), evaluating the chromosomal location, mrna levels of the ptr1 gene and ptr1 protein expression. ... | 2016 | 26689884 |
| toxicogenomic analysis of pharmacological active coumarins isolated from calophyllum brasiliense. | calophyllum brasiliense (calophyllaceae) is a tropical rain forest tree, mainly distributed in south and central america. it is an important source of bioactive natural products like, for instance soulatrolide, and mammea type coumarins. soulatrolide is a tetracyclic dipyranocoumarins and a potent inhibitor of hiv-1 reverse transcriptase and mycobacterium tuberculosis. mammea a/ba and a/bb coumarins, pure or as a mixture, are highly active against several leukemia cell lines, trypanosoma cruzi a ... | 2015 | 26697389 |
| propolis reduces leishmania amazonensis-induced inflammation in the liver of balb/c mice. | experimental models of mouse paw infection with l. amazonensis show an induction of a strong inflammatory response in the skin, and parasitic migration may occur to secondary organs with consequent tissue injury. there are few studies focusing on the resolution of damage in secondary organs caused by leishmania species-related cutaneous leishmaniasis. we investigated the propolis treatment effect on liver inflammation induced by leishmania amazonensis infection in the mouse paw. balb/c mice were ... | 2016 | 26711452 |
| leishmanicidal, cytotoxicity and wound healing potential of arrabidaea chica verlot. | leishmaniasis includes a wide complex of diseases that affect humans and other mammals, and can range from a mild cutaneous form to a severe visceral type. the safety of the standard treatment using pentavalent antimony is a concern due to its toxic effects. the search for alternative, effective and less toxic treatments has led to the testing of natural products. the present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic, leishmanicidal and healing potential of arrabidaea chica. | 2016 | 26729470 |
| a trypanosomatid iron transporter that regulates mitochondrial function is required for leishmania amazonensis virulence. | iron, an essential co-factor of respiratory chain proteins, is critical for mitochondrial function and maintenance of its redox balance. we previously reported a role for iron uptake in differentiation of leishmania amazonensis into virulent amastigotes, by a mechanism that involves reactive oxygen species (ros) production and is independent of the classical ph and temperature cues. iron import into mitochondria was proposed to be essential for this process, but evidence supporting this hypothes ... | 2016 | 26741360 |
| antibacterial and leishmanicidal activity of bolivian propolis. | the antimicrobial activity of bolivian propolis was assessed for the first time on a panel of bacteria and two endemic parasitic protozoa. ten samples of bolivian propolis and their main constituents were tested using the micro-broth dilution method against 11 bacterial pathogenic strains as well as against promastigotes of leishmania amazonensis and l. braziliensis using the xtt-based colorimetric method. the methanolic extracts showed antibacterial effect ranging from inactive (mics > 1000 μg ... | 2016 | 26743801 |
| active sesquiterpene lactones against leishmania amazonensis and leishmania braziliensis. | seventeen sesquiterpene lactones (sls) isolated from five species of the tribe vernonieae were evaluated for their in vitro activity against promastigotes of leishmania amazonensis and leishmania braziliensis. additionally, a quantitative structure activity relationship has been made, since all these natural compounds were found to have potent to mild antileishmanial properties. the most active compounds against l. braziliensis were 16 and 17 (ic50 values 1.45 and 1.34 μm, respectively), followe ... | 2016 | 26755152 |
| physalis angulata induces death of promastigotes and amastigotes of leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis via the generation of reactive oxygen species. | leishmaniasis are a neglected group of emerging diseases that have been found in 98 countries and are caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania. the therapy for leishmaniasis causes several side effects and leads to drug-resistant strains. natural products from plants have exhibited activities against leishmania in various experimental models. physalis angulata is a widely used plant in popular medicine, and in the literature it has well-documented leishmanicidal activity. however, its mechanis ... | 2016 | 26765293 |
| exploring the unbinding of leishmania (l.) amazonensis cpb derived-epitopes from h2 mhc class i proteins. | new strategies to control leishmania disease demand an extensive knowledge about several aspects of infection including the understanding of its molecular events. in murine models, cysteine proteinase b from leishmania amazonensis promotes regulation of immune response, and fragments from its c-terminus extension (cyspep) can play a decisive role in the host-parasite interaction. the interaction between cyspep-derived peptides and major histocompatibility complex (mhc) proteins is a crucial fact ... | 2016 | 26798994 |
| degranulating neutrophils promote leukotriene b4 production by infected macrophages to kill leishmania amazonensis parasites. | neutrophils mediate early responses against pathogens, and they become activated during endothelial transmigration toward the inflammatory site. in the current study, human neutrophils were activated in vitro with immobilized extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin (fn), collagen, and laminin. neutrophil activation by fn, but not other extracellular matrix proteins, induces the release of the granules' contents, measured as matrix metalloproteinase 9 and neutrophil elastase activity i ... | 2016 | 26800873 |
| an effective in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity and mechanism of action of 8-hydroxyquinoline against leishmania species causing visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. | the development of new therapeutic strategies to treat leishmaniasis has become a priority. in the present study, the antileishmanial activity of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-hqn) was investigated against in vitro promastigotes and in vivo intra-macrophage amastigotes of three leishmania species: leishmania amazonensis, leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis. studies were performed to establish the 50% leishmania inhibitory concentration (ic50) of 8-hqn, as well as its 50% cytotoxic concentrat ... | 2016 | 26827866 |
| efficacy of tamoxifen and miltefosine combined therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the murine model of infection with leishmania amazonensis. | the objective of this study was to characterize in vitro interactions and evaluate the antileishmanial activity of tamoxifen and miltefosine combinations. | 2016 | 26851606 |
| oral efficacy of apigenin against cutaneous leishmaniasis: involvement of reactive oxygen species and autophagy as a mechanism of action. | the treatment for leishmaniasis is currently based on pentavalent antimonials and amphotericin b; however, these drugs result in numerous adverse side effects. the lack of affordable therapy has necessitated the urgent development of new drugs that are efficacious, safe, and more accessible to patients. natural products are a major source for the discovery of new and selective molecules for neglected diseases. in this paper, we evaluated the effect of apigenin on leishmania amazonensis in vitro ... | 2016 | 26862901 |
| individual and combined antiparasitic effect of six plant metabolites against leishmania amazonensis and trypanosoma cruzi. | six plant metabolites including isobavachalcone (1), 4-hydroxylonchocarpine (2), and (e)-1-(2,2-dimethyl-2h-chromen-6-yl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (3), 6,8-(di-3-methyl-but-2-enyl)eriodictyol (4), damnacanthal (5), and buesgenine (6) were evaluated for their leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities against intracellular amastigotes of leishmania amazonensis and trypanosoma cruzi. compounds 2-4 and 6 displayed antileishmanial activity while 3 and 5 showed trypanocidal effect. the leis ... | 2016 | 26906638 |
| in vivo antileishmanial activity and chemical profile of polar extract from selaginella sellowii. | the polar hydroethanolic extract from selaginella sellowii(ssphe) has been previously proven active on intracellular amastigotes (in vitro test) and now was tested on hamsters infected with leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis (in vivo test). ssphe suppressed a 100% of the parasite load in the infection site and draining lymph nodes at an intralesional dose of 50 mg/kg/day × 5, which was similar to the results observed in hamsters treated with n-methylglucamine antimonate (sb) (28 mg/kg/day × 5). ... | 2016 | 26910353 |
| exploiting death: apoptotic immunity in microbial pathogenesis. | innate immunity typically is responsible for initial host responses against infections. independently, nucleated cells that die normally as part of the physiological process of homeostasis in mammals (including humans) suppress immunity. specifically, the physiological process of cell death (apoptosis) generates cells that are recognized specifically by viable cells of all types and elicit a profound transient suppression of host immunity (termed 'innate apoptotic immunity' (iai)). iai appears t ... | 2016 | 26943319 |
| trypanosoma cruzi differentiates and multiplies within chimeric parasitophorous vacuoles in macrophages coinfected with leishmania amazonensis. | the trypanosomatids leishmania amazonensis and trypanosoma cruzi are excellent models for the study of the cell biology of intracellular protozoan infections. after their uptake by mammalian cells, the parasitic protozoan flagellates l. amazonensis and t. cruzi lodge within acidified parasitophorous vacuoles (pvs). however, whereas l. amazonensis develops in spacious, phagolysosome-like pvs that may enclose numerous parasites, t. cruzi is transiently hosted within smaller vacuoles from which it ... | 2016 | 26975994 |
| risk assessment of soulatrolide and mammea (a/ba+a/bb) coumarins from calophyllum brasiliense by a toxicogenomic and toxicological approach. | calophyllum brasiliense (calophyllaceae) is a tropical rain forest tree distributed in central and south america. it is an important source of tetracyclic dipyrano coumarins (soulatrolide) and mammea type coumarins. soulatrolide is a potent inhibitor of hiv-1 reverse transcriptase and displays activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis. meanwhile, mammea a/ba and a/bb, pure or as a mixture, are highly active against several human leukemia cell lines, trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania amazonensis ... | 2016 | 26995226 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of 2,3-diarylsubstituted quinoxaline derivatives against leishmania amazonensis. | leishmaniasis is endemic in 98 countries and territories worldwide. the therapies available for leishmaniasis have serious side effects, thus prompting the search for new therapies. the present study investigated the antileishmanial activities of 2,3-diarylsubstituted quinoxaline derivatives against leishmania amazonensis the antiproliferative activities of 6,7-dichloro-2,3-diphenylquinoxaline (lspn329) and 2,3-di-(4-methoxyphenyl)-quinoxaline (lspn331) against promastigotes and intracellular am ... | 2016 | 27001812 |