Publications

[an unusual cause of infection in patients with multiple trauma: pneumocystis carinii].		1990	2147272
treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids)-related pneumonitis with foscarnet: a double-blind placebo controlled study.	a double-blind placebo controlled trial of foscarnet was conducted in 32 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody positive male homosexuals with a presumed aids pneumonia. the study was designed to evaluate the importance of treating cytomegalovirus (cmv) as a possible lung pathogen of these patients and as a toxicity study of foscarnet. trial subjects were randomised to receive either foscarnet or placebo as a continuous intravenous infusion for 2 weeks along with conventional therapy agains ...	1990	2153728
cytomegalovirus in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with aids.	this study investigated the significance of detecting cytomegalovirus in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. bronchoscopy with bal was performed on all patients. lavage was examined for cmv by cytology, culture, and immunofluorescence. the lavage results were compared to clinical status at the time of bronchoscopy and the outcome of the respiratory event. cytomegalovirus was detected in 51 percent of the bals in the patients with hiv infectio ...	1990	2158878
use of bronchoalveolar lavage cytology and determination of protein contents in pulmonary complications of bone marrow transplant recipients.	bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) cytology and immunoglobulin components of lavage fluid were studied during non-bacterial/non-fungal interstitial pneumonitis, bacterial/fungal pneumonia, and pneumocystis carinii infection. lavages done before bone marrow transplantation and in asymptomatic phases were used as controls. the total cell recovery was increased during lung processes of any aetiology. non-bacterial/non-fungal pneumonitis caused a significant increase in the number of lymphocytes; the numb ...	1990	2159819
comparative demographic and autopsy findings in acquired immune deficiency syndrome in two mexican populations.	in order to identify the characteristics of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) as it occurs in mexico, a comparative study of the demographic and pathological findings of the first 58 patients who died of aids and were autopsied at two mexican hospitals, hospital general de mexico (hg) and instituto nacional de la nutricion (inn), was performed. the patient population consisted of 52 men and 6 women. their socioeconomic status (ses) was estimated using the occupational prestige and l ...	1990	2159991
interaction of antimycobacterial and anti-pneumocystis drugs with phospholipid membranes.	liposomes can be used as carriers of drugs in the treatment of viral, bacterial and protozoal infections. the potential for liposome-mediated therapy of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infections, one of the most common opportunistic infections in aids, is currently under study. here, we have investigated the effect of the lipid-soluble antimycobacterial drugs ansamycin, clofazimine and cgp7040 on the thermotropic behavior of liposomes composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (dppc) ...	1990	2160335
opportunistic agents in bronchoalveolar lavage in 99 hiv seropositive patients.	during a ten month period, 117 fibreoptic bronchoscopies and bronchoalveolar lavages (bal) were performed in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected patients suspected of having opportunistic pulmonary infections. the bal were classified into 3 groups, according to clinical manifestations related to hiv infection at the time of fibreoptic bronchoscopy: pre-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) (n = 54), aids with kaposi's sarcoma (n = 37), aids without kaposi's sarcoma (n = 26). on chest ...	1990	2160374
parvovirus infection and anaemia in a patient with aids: case report.	opportunistic infections such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia are well-recognised in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). anaemia due to a variety of causes also occurs in aids. persistent infection with parvovirus (b19) causing severe anaemia has been reported in patients with leukaemia and congenital immunodeficiency. a case is now reported of parvovirus infection and anaemia, in an adult with aids, which responded dramatically to immunoglobulin therapy.	1990	2160424
identification of pneumocystis carinii chromosomes and mapping of five genes.	pulsed field gel electrophoresis was used to identify the chromosome-size dna of pneumocystis carinii, a major pathogen of immunocompromised patients. thirteen chromosomes of rodent pneumocystis carinii, ranging in size from 300 to 700 kilobases (kb), were identified. the minimum genome size for p. carinii, estimated on the basis of the sizes of chromosomes, is 7,000 kb. genetic heterogeneity among different p. carinii isolates was documented by demonstration of chromosomal size variability. by ...	1990	2160429
[pneumonia in immunocompromised patients: the value of non-biopsy bronchoscopic examination procedures in the diagnosis of pathogens].	bronchoscopy was performed on 101 immunocompromised patients with fever and pulmonary infiltrates. underlying diseases were mainly hematological malignancies. in 71% of cases, etiology of pneumonia was clarified by nonbioptic bronchoscopic methods (bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial secretions, protected specimen brush). in 51% of cases, empirical antibiotic treatment was modified following bronchoscopy. in patients with early bronchoscopy a better prognosis regarding healing and survival was obs ...	1990	2160559
the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary infections in solid organ transplant recipients.	a rapid diagnostic team was formed to facilitate the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in solid organ transplant recipients. seventy-seven renal and three liver transplant recipients developed 86 episodes of pneumonitis between 6 and 2,410 days posttransplant (median, 117 days). a diagnosis was established in all but seven patients. more than one diagnosis was established in 25. cytomegalovirus (cmv) occurred in 51 episodes, bacterial pneumonia in 16 episodes, pneumocystis carinii (pcp) in 11 ep ...	1990	2160717
detection of fungi and other pathogens in immunocompromised patients by bronchoalveolar lavage in an area endemic for coccidioidomycosis.	bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) was performed in 51 adult immunocompromised patients (30 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [aids] and 21 non-aids) as part of an extensive diagnostic evaluation for diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. because multiple episodes occurred in several patients, a total of 60 bals were performed. a diagnosis of fungal pneumonia was eventually made in 12 patients (24 percent). the organism was identified in bals from seven of the 12, including five of seven cases of cocciodoido ...	1990	2161329
the significance of the detection of cytomegalovirus in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in aids patients with pneumonia.	we performed a retrospective study on 112 patients with aids-related pneumonias who underwent bronchoscopy and in whom pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and/or cytomegalovirus (cmv) were identified in bronchoalveolar fluid (bal). cmv was identified by detection of early antigen fluorescent foci (deaff) testing in cell cultures of bal fluid. the short- and long-term survival of all patients was similar regardless of whether pcp, cmv or both were detected at bronchoscopy. ten out of 14 patients ...	1990	2161673
bronchoscopy specimens in adults with aids. comparative yields of cytology, histology and culture for diagnosis of infectious agents.	bronchoscopy specimens from 183 known/suspected acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients were evaluated for pathogens. in each case, transbronchial biopsies were evaluated and bronchoalveolar lavage material was cultured for viruses, fungi and mycobacteria and examined cytologically. a specimen was considered positive for a pathogen if detected by any one of the methods (tbb or balc or culture). balc was more sensitive for pneumocystis carinii than tbb (90 of 92 vs 67 of 80 cases). tbb and ba ...	1990	2163300
tracheal catheters in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) often requires bronchoscopy. in 82 consecutive human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive patients suspected of having pcp, we passed a 14-f catheter into the trachea under local anesthesia without intubation, instilled saline solution, and then collected the secretions by aspiration. bronchoscopy with collection of bronchial washings and performance of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) was then performed and the results were compared. the cathet ...	1990	2163301
dyskeratosis congenita (zinsser-cole-engman syndrome). an autopsy case presenting with rectal carcinoma, non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	a 24-year-old japanese man presented with dyskeratosis congenita (dc, zinsser-cole-engman syndrome) complicated by non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, signet ring carcinoma of the rectum and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. at the age of 9 years, he was diagnosed as having dc on the basis of typical clinical manifestations including atrophic lingual papillae, hyperpigmentation of the skin, thrombocytopenia, and ophthalmological abnormalities. a few years later pancytopenia and splenomegaly develop ...	1990	2166977
endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins in pneumocystis carinii.	by using biotinylated neoglycoproteins, the in situ occurrence of endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins) in pneumocystis carinii has been glycohistochemically demonstrated in lung tissue specimens from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with p. carinii pneumonia. while the parasite possessed only a weak to moderate density of receptors for l-fucose and n-acetylated amino sugars, a strong specific binding of beta-d-galactoside and d-mannoside neoglycoproteins was observed on ...	1990	2167296
[fatal pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during acth therapy of west syndrome].		1990	2169215
pulmonary pathogens in hiv-infected patients.	on well defined criteria a total of 102 fiberoptic bronchoscopies (fb) were done on hiv-infected patients with pulmonary symptoms. a microbiological agent was identified in 85 patients (83%). pneumocystis carinii (pc) was histologically verified in 61 patients, bacteria cultured in 22 patients, and cytomegalovirus (cmv) cultured in 17 patients. a histological diagnosis of cmv was only established in 2/17 patients. in the present study, a cmv positive culture from bronchial lavage fluid did not a ...	1990	2171138
human immunodeficiency virus infection in women: report of 102 cases.	we examined surgical specimens from 19 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositive females and 83 females with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) to determine (a) frequency of opportunistic infections (oi) and malignancies, (b) differences or similarities between different risk groups, and (c) differences or similarities when compared with men having aids. a risk factor was identified in 86 patients (72 aids and 14 hiv seropositive), of whom the majority were intravenous drug abusers ...	1990	2172959
[spontaneous pneumothorax in aids. observations in 10 patients].	ten of our aids patients developed a unilateral or bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax. four patients previously had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and one had pulmonary tuberculosis. in six patients the pneumothorax occurred during the acute period of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. five patients were admitted to hospital because of the pneumothorax. the radiological findings varied from a small pneumothorax to almost total pulmonary collapse. five of the ten patients were discharged after succe ...	1990	2173062
intestinal perforation due to cytomegalovirus infection in patients with aids.	intestinal perforation due to cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection in patients with aids is the most common life-threatening condition requiring emergency celiotomy in these patients. the authors describe a patient with aids with intestinal perforation due to cmv infection, and review 14 additional cases reported in the english-language surgical literature. the diagnostic triad of pneumoperitoneum on x-ray, evidence or history of cmv infection, and aids occurred in 70 percent of patients. the most co ...	1990	2173658
prevention of primary cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation by using leukocyte-poor random blood products from cytomegalovirus-unscreened blood-bank donors.	cytomegalovirus infection was studied in 59 seronegative recipients of bone marrow depleted of lymphocytes by counterflow centrifugation. eighteen patients died within 3 months after bone marrow transplantation without evidence of cmv infection, and they were excluded from analysis. twenty-eight valuable seronegative patients received marrow from a seronegative donor, and 13 from a seropositive donor. all but 2 patients received acyclovir orally (4 x 400 mg/day) from days -9 to +60. cmv prophyla ...	1990	2175059
[foudroyant course of aids-induced cytomegalovirus retinitis].	of 57 patients at karlsruhe municipal eye hospital with manifest acquired immune deficiency syndrome, ocular involvement was found in 34%. in the prefinal stage (on average 6 months ante finem), 25% of these patients developed typical, rapidly progressing cytomegalovirus retinitis with intraretinal hemorrhages and necrosis, which responded well to combined intravenous and intravitreal dhpg therapy. almost all the patients died of global respiratory insufficiency caused by pneumocystis carinii or ...	1990	2177809
indication for fiberoptic bronchoscopy in hiv-infected patients suspected for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	during a six-month period, 40 consecutive fiberoptic bronchoscopic procedures including bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial brushing and forceps biopsy were performed in local anaesthesia on 34 hiv-infected males presenting symptoms compatible with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in 23 examinations, p. carinii was found. sixteen examinations were non-diagnostic and one was unsuccessful. the clinical course confirmed the diagnoses of the p. carinii positive as well as the p. carinii negative patien ...	1990	2178888
tension subcutaneous emphysema. a case report.	a case is presented of severe barotrauma due to thoracoscopy with multiple lung biopsies and consecutive mechanical ventilation for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. when tension subcutaneous emphysema developed, circulatory collapse occurred. relief of pressure by a subcutaneous drain reversed the circulatory state.	1990	2179749
disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.		1990	2179773
erosive arthritis, atypical psoriasis, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an hiv-positive man.		1990	2179774
aids and the lung. 6-- management of respiratory failure in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1990	2180108
[visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) and hiv infection. apropos of a case and literature review].	a 42 year old male spanish patient who presented since one year a symptomatic stage iv c1,c2,d hiv infection (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cerebral toxoplasmosis, esophageal candidiasis, kaposi's sarcoma) became progressively asthenic with weight loss, diarrhea, fever and complained about bone pain. these symptoms could be attributed to visceral leishmaniasis. this novel opportunistic infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin in hiv+ patients comi ...	1990	2181645
aerosolized pentamidine in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	ap has been shown to be a promising alternative therapy to trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole for the treatment and prevention of pcp in aids patients with fewer side effects than the systemic agents. more controlled clinical trials are still needed to establish the optimal dosage regimen for treatment and prevention of pcp. clinicians should also be aware that disseminated disease caused by pneumocystis carinii involving organs other than the lung has been reported in patients treated with ap. the ...	1990	2182285
pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	an association between tuberculosis and hiv infection is becoming increasingly evident. hiv seropositivity has been seen in nearly 30% of some populations with tuberculosis. in other populations nearly 25% of patients with aids had tuberculosis. clinically these patients present with nonspecific findings including weight loss, night sweats, and fever. the symptoms are generally gradual in onset and last for several weeks. early in the course of hiv infection a ppd skin test may be positive and t ...	1990	2182902
infection after liver transplantation.	infections occurring in liver transplant recipients result in significant morbidity and mortality. factors influencing the frequency of posttransplant infections include pretransplant nutritional status, latent viral infections, and the degree of immunosuppression used to modulate the immune response to the allograft. infectious agents may be introduced into the patient via the allograft, through infusion of blood products, and through intravenous lines, catheters, and drains. infections also de ...	1990	2183644
cancer in ataxia-telangiectasia patients.	a gene locus for ataxia-telangiectasia (a-t) is in chromosome region 11q22 to 11q23 and predisposes to cancer. ataxia-telangiectasia patients appear to have two separate clinical patterns of malignancy. one pattern involves solid tumors, which have not been stressed and which include malignancies in the oral cavity, breast, stomach, pancreas, ovary, and bladder. detection of a solid tumor in an a-t patient should serve as a warning. it heralds a markedly elevated risk of another malignancy in th ...	1990	2184934
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: diagnosis and management.	as management of hiv infection becomes more proactive, early identification of persons at risk for pcp and initiation of preventive therapy will become more routine, and the clinical impact of p. carinii may be ameliorated.	1990	2185391
[opportunistic infections in hiv-infected patients].	hiv-infected patients are prone to frequent opportunistic infections (oi). their fundamental differences to infections in the immunocompetent host are explained. the most frequent oi is pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii. a brief overview on diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of encephalitis due to toxoplasma gondii, candidiasis, meningitis due to cryptococcus neoformans, tuberculosis, infection by atypical mycobacteria, infection by viruses of the herpes group--in particular cytomegalovir ...	1990	2187221
why have pneumocystis carinii trophozoites been ignored?		1990	2187901
corticosteroids prevent early deterioration in patients with moderately severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)	to determine whether oral corticosteroids can prevent early deterioration in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	1990	2190515
pentamidine. a risk-benefit analysis.	with the advent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), the therapeutic importance of pentamidine isethionate has greatly increased. this review summarises its pharmacology, its toxicity and clinical experience in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). data are conflicting as to whether pentamidine is more or less effective than cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) for the treatment of pcp in individuals with aids, but due to its toxicity and expense, it is con ...	1990	2190597
inhaled pentamidine. an overview of its pharmacological properties and a review of its therapeutic use in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	pentamidine is an aromatic diamidine derivative which has become one of the standard therapies for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), particularly in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). however, with parenteral administration of the drug there is a high risk of toxicity. inhaled pentamidine produces much higher concentrations of drug on the bronchoalveolar surface with minimal systemic absorption. it has been used successfully for the treatment of pcp in aids patients, bu ...	1990	2191850
atypical pathologic manifestations of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. review of 123 lung biopsies from 76 patients with emphasis on cysts, vascular invasion, vasculitis, and granulomas.	the frequency of atypical pathologic manifestations of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were studied in 123 lung biopsy specimens from 76 national institutes of health patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. the following atypical features were observed: interstitial (63%) and intraluminal (36%) fibrosis, absence of alveolar exudate (19%), numerous alveolar macrophages (9%), granulomatous inflammation (5%), hyaline membranes (4%), marked interstitial pneumonitis (3%), parenchy ...	1990	2192568
extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii infections.	a case of disseminated infection with pneumocystis carinii is presented, and the english-language literature is reviewed for cases of documented extrapulmonary infection with this organism. in this case--with p. carinii diffusely replacing the bone marrow and causing hepatic, adrenal, and glomerular tuft necrosis--the clinical illness and multiple-organ dysfunction attributed to disseminated p. carinii were more severe than had previously been described. because the rate of extrapulmonary p. car ...	1990	2193343
t-cell-depleted autologous bone marrow transplantation therapy: analysis of immune deficiency and late complications.	fourteen patients with t-cell-derived leukemia and lymphoma underwent high-dose chemoradiotherapy and anti-t-cell monoclonal antibody-treated autologous bone marrow transplantation (abmt). all patients were either in sensitive relapse or had adverse prognostic features, and five patients had a history of bone marrow involvement with disease. patients received a median of 2 (1 to 3) prior chemotherapy regimens; 10 patients received local radiotherapy. after high-dose ablative therapy, greater tha ...	1990	2194591
[pneumonia in aids: pathogen spectrum and diagnostic value of various fiberoptic bronchoscopy methods for the detection of pathogens].	39 fibre-bronchoscopic examinations were performed prospectively in 29 aids-patients with pneumonia. specimens were obtained from the central bronchial system with a protected brush and by suction, from the infiltrated peripheral area by catheter suction, protected brush, bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and transbronchial biopsy in randomized order. in patients with non-bacterial pneumonia, pneumocystis carinii (n = 20) was the most frequent pathogen. in this group bal had a significantly higher ra ...	1990	2195537
[lung deposition of 300 and 600 mg pentamidine, inhaled with 3 different inhalers].	intracorporal, especially pulmonary, and extracorporal deposition of pentamidine was studied following inhalation of 300 or 600 mg in 6 ml aqua dest. each dose in six patients with one previous episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. three different nebulizers--two mechanical nebulizers (respirgard ii and pari-is-2) and one ultrasonic device (portasonic) - were compared. the following results were obtained: 1.300 mg pentamidine in 6 ml aqua dest. is a sufficient dose for prophylaxis provided ...	1990	2197532
[unwanted drug side effects with pentamidine inhalation].	the incidence of systemic side effects under aerosolized pentamidine treatment or prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is low when compared to intravenous application. erythema, hypotension, hypoglycemia, renal failure are infrequently seen. local side effects--cough, bronchial spasm, metallic taste--are frequent complications of aerosolized pentamidine treatment. cystic lung disease, pneumothorax, and atypical pneumonia may be a late sequelae of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and not ...	1990	2197533
[therapy of hiv associated mild and moderately severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with 600 mg/die pentamidine aerosol. results of a multicenter study].	in 22 hiv positive patients a mild to moderate pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was treated by daily inhalation for 21 days of 600 mg pentamidine, divided into two inhalation phases with the inhalation of 300 mg pentamidin each. in 13 patients (59%) treatment was successful. in five cases, therapy was stopped in the first treatment week because of lacking clinical effectiveness resp. clinical deterioration. in four cases, therapy was discontinued in the further course. the subsequent treatment was ...	1990	2197534
[treatment of mild to moderately severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with cotrimoxazole versus pentamidine aerosol. preliminary results of a prospective randomized therapy study].	in an open, prospective, randomized study we compared efficacy and side effects of 8 g/d cotrimoxazole (tmp/smx) i.v. vs. 600 mg aerosolized pentamidine. 29 of 60 planned case record forms are now evaluated. efficacy in both groups was comparable, but side effects in the pentamidine arm were very rare (7.2% vs. 40% in the tmp/smx group). in moderate pneumocystis carinii pneumonia aerosolized pentamidine could be the first choice therapy. necessary conditions are to use proper inhalation systems, ...	1990	2197535
primary prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by inhalation of pentamidine. preliminary results from a placebo-controlled randomized trial. swiss group for clinical studies on aids.	patients with aids but without pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, patients with advanced aids-related complex (arc), and asymptomatic patients with less than 200 cd4-positive lymphocytes/mm3 were randomized to one of two groups: group i: inhalation of 300 mg of pentamidine every 28 days; group ii: inhalation of placebo (300 mg of na isethionate) every 28 days. from may to november 28, 1989, 160 patients have entered the trial. inhalations were well tolerated, with only a 6% use of bronchodilators a ...	1990	2197536
[preventive pentamidine inhalation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with immune deficiency. preliminary evaluation of a multicenter study].	in the first evaluation of an uncontrolled multicenter study on inhalative pentamidine prophylaxis (300 mg pentamidine-isethionate monthly) of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, 48 patients (all 48 patients hiv1-infected, 36 without preceding pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (primary prophylaxis), twelve after pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (secondary prophylaxis); age 20 to 68 years (median 38); 45 male, two female, one unknown; 22 patients aids) were observed for 0 to ...	1990	2197537
[randomized comparative study of secondary prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immunologic deficiency syndrome].	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is one of the most frequent infectious complications in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). a prospective trial was initiated to compare azidothymidine alone with azidothymidine plus aerosolized pentamidine as a secondary prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 27 patients (24 male, three female, average age 39 years) were enrolled, 14 patients receiving azidothymidine and pentamidine aerosol and 13 azidothymidine alone. after 166 d ...	1990	2197538
diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii in sputum samples using a modified toluidine blue o method.		1990	2197844
inhaled or intravenous pentamidine therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids. a randomized trial.	to compare inhaled pentamidine with intravenous pentamidine for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids).	1990	2197910
intravenous or inhaled pentamidine for treating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids. a randomized trial.	to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of aerosolized pentamidine and of reduced-dose intravenous pentamidine for the treatment of mild to moderate pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids).	1990	2197911
recurrent pneumothorax in aids patients with pneumocystis pneumonia. a clinicopathologic report of three cases and review of the literature.	spontaneous pneumothorax associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids patients has been reported with increasing frequency; however, little is known about the causative histopathology. in the past year, we treated three patients with documented pcp subsequently complicated by multiple spontaneous pneumothoraces. all patients underwent open surgical repair. in contrast to traditional pathologic findings of pcp in aids, histologic sections of lung from each patient consistently dem ...	1990	2198133
ventilatory effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure.	nasal continuous positive airway pressure (ncpap) improved arterial oxygenation in patients with sleep apnoea as well as those with acute pulmonary processes such as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. despite an expanding pool of clinical information, little if any attempt seems to have been made to see whether ncpap alters ventilatory patterns. the effect of ncpap was assessed by respiratory inductance plethysmography in 14 healthy males. ncpap reduced respiratory rate (14.3 +/- 1.47 to 9.7 +/- 1. ...	1990	2198164
treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with 1,3-beta-glucan synthesis inhibitors.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a major cause of death in aids patients in the united states. the presently available treatments have limited use due to a high incidence of adverse reactions. therefore, there is an urgent need for a safer method for treatment and prevention of this disease. recent evidence has suggested that p. carinii is related to fungi and that the wall of the cyst form contains 1,3-beta-glucan as a major constituent. based on this, several proposed 1,3-beta-glucan synthesi ...	1990	2198575
opportunistic infections in aids in developed and developing countries.	the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is fundamentally the same disease in all parts of the world, but the prevalence of microorganisms in an environment governs the patterns of disease arising from reactivated latent infections, invading pathogens and opportunistic infections. aids in africa has certain characteristic presentations. enteropathic aids is most common: cryptosporidium and isospora belli are identified in up to 60% of patients, but it is uncertain whether they are the caus ...	1990	2201107
missing infections in aids.	in north america and europe, the opportunistic infections from which patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) frequently suffer are pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare: in central africa these infections are uncommon or non-existent. serious infections with entamoeba histolytica and strongyloides stercoralis would be expected to occur in aids patients: they do not. falciparum malaria might be expected to interact with hiv infection: it does not. ...	1990	2201111
ewing's sarcoma metastatic at diagnosis. results and comparisons of two intergroup ewing's sarcoma studies.	two pediatric intergroup ewing's sarcoma studies of patients with metastatic disease (iess-md) have used multimodal therapy consisting of intensive combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy (xrt) to areas of gross disease detected at the time of diagnosis. in iess-md-i, conducted from 1975 to 1977, 53 eligible patients were entered and received the chemotherapeutic agents vincristine, adriamycin (doxorubicin; adria laboratories, columbus, oh), cyclophosphamide, and dactinomycin with concomi ...	1990	2201433
disseminated pneumocystis carinii in a patient receiving aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis.		1990	2202161
inhibition of pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthetase by sulfa drugs.	a new reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography assay procedure for dihydropteroate synthetase (dhps) that involves the elution of the enzyme incubation solution with a series of three solvents of decreasing polarity (ammonium phosphate buffer, 10% methanol, and 50% methanol) was designed. by this procedure dhps was detected in escherichia coli and pneumocystis carinii with specific activities of 450 and 14 u/mg, respectively. a comparison of the effects of five sulfa drugs on p. carini ...	1990	2203302
steroids for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and respiratory failure in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. a reassessment.	patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who have pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and respiratory failure have a high mortality. previous reports have suggested that corticosteroids administered in conjunction with antibiotics improve the outcome in these patients. we reviewed our experience with adjunctive corticosteroids in 20 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and respiratory failure due to pcp to determine if this was the case. fourteen patients responded to therap ...	1990	2203321
[aids therapy].	therapy of aids comprises two aspects: (1) causative therapy, directed against hiv, and (2) symptomatic therapy of opportunistic infections and malignancies. the best results regarding antiretroviral therapy - both in vitro and in vivo - have been obtained, so far, with inhibitors of reverse transcriptase. we discuss the mechanism of action, the efficacy, and the side effects of azt, a nucleoside analogue, and comment on combined therapies with acyclovir and immunomodulators. we report on the th ...	1990	2205064
current treatment for human immunodeficiency virus infection.	treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection can prolong survival and enhance the quality of life in affected patients, although neither immune reconstitution nor cure can be achieved. zidovudine is now the only licensed treatment. it is effective but sometimes toxic. zidovudine decreases the incidence of opportunistic infections but does not prevent them, and concurrent prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia should be given to those patients at greatest risk of this inf ...	1990	2205473
[x-ray diagnosis of immunologically induced lung diseases in children and adolescents].	after coverage of pathophysiological mechanisms, radiological symptoms and differential diagnosis of bacterial and opportunistic infections of the bronchopulmonary system are discussed as they occur in humoral, cellular and combined congenital and acquired immune deficiencies. the discussion is based on case reports. humoral deficiencies cause recurrent and chronic bacterial infections of the bronchopulmonary system, frequently with bronchiectasis. in the case of cellular and combined immune def ...	1990	2205884
pulmonary alveolar proteinosis associated with pneumocystis carinii. ultrastructural identification in bronchoalveolar lavage in aids and immunocompromised non-aids patients.	pneumocystis carinii (pc) has been recognized as frequently responsible for most opportunistic pulmonary infections occurring in immunocompromised aids and non-aids patients. moreover, these patients can be considered at risk for secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. therefore, we have investigated the occurrence of associated secondary alveolar proteinosis and pc pneumonitis in aids and non-aids immunocompromised patients. in a series of 26 bronchoalveolar lavages (bal) in patients with pc ...	1990	2209133
acute pulmonary effects of aerosolized pentamidine. a randomized controlled study. toronto aerosolized pentamidine study (taps) group.	from june 1988 to february 1989, we enrolled 36 patients with human immunodeficiency virus into a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial assessing the efficacy and toxicity of aerosolized pentamidine (ap) as secondary prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. each patient underwent spirometric evaluations before and after aerosolized treatment. there was no significant difference in the results of baseline pulmonary function tests between the two groups. eleven patients (65 perce ...	1990	2209147
rapid microscopy technique for detection of pneumocystis carinii in fresh clinical specimens.	a direct method for detection of pneumocystis carinii was evaluated in 14 patients with impaired immune function (3 seropositive for hiv, 8 with aids and 3 with heart transplants) and signs and symptoms suggestive of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. direct examination by phase-contrast and interference-contrast microscopy of fresh clinical specimens obtained by sputum induction, bronchoalveolar lavage or transbronchial lung biopsy was found to be a simple and rapid method for detection of pneumoc ...	1990	2209627
[a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with hyperinfection of strongyloides stercoralis complicated with smoldering adult t-cell leukemia].	a 43-year-old woman visited a clinic for an attack of bronchial asthma which she had been suffering since her childhood. she was treated with prednisolone which was used for the first time. two weeks later, she had a fever and her chest x-ray showed diffuse reticulonodular shadows on both middle to lower lung fields. in spite of the use of antibacterial drugs, her symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, malaise and fever increased. it was revealed that she had stronglyoides sterocoralis in the stool. s ...	1990	2212758
relationship between aids latency period and aids survival time in homosexual and bisexual men.	we identified 277 homosexual and bisexual men diagnosed with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) whose estimated human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroconversion dates, ranging from 1977-85, could be well approximated. these men were from a cohort of 6,705 homosexual and bisexual men originally recruited for studies of sexually transmitted hepatitis b in san francisco in 1978-80. we compared the time from hiv seroconversion to the initial disease diagnostic of aids (aids latency period) ...	1990	2213508
analysis of pneumocystis carinii cyst wall. i. evidence for an outer surface membrane.	it has long been thought that the cyst form of pneumocystis carinii, which can resist host defenses and antimicrobial drugs, is responsible for relapses of p. carinii pneumonia. the thick wall of the cyst is immunogenic and rich in glucosyl/mannosyl and n-acetyl-d-glucosamine residues. in this study we have demonstrated the presence of a hitherto unreported outer membrane in the cyst wall of p. carinii. this membrane was detected by a combination of techniques, including transmission electron mi ...	1990	2213655
analysis of pneumocystis carinii cyst wall. ii. sugar composition.	pneumocystis carinii cysts are capable of resisting host defenses and antimicrobial drugs and are therefore thought to be responsible for relapses of p. carinii pneumonia in aids and other immunocompromised patients. the interaction of p. carinii with its host, and other p. carinii, might be mediated by molecules which form the outer surfaces of this organism. carbohydrates are known to play many roles in cell-cell adhesion, and have been detected on the surface of p. carinii by lectin labeling ...	1990	2213656
quantitative c-reactive protein in pulmonary infections.	a total of 207 cases were selected to evaluate the diagnostic value of c-reactive protein (crp) in pulmonary infections. the mean +/- sd of crp values in various pulmonary infections were as follows: 18.62 +/- 11.34 micrograms/ml for 32 cases of exudative-fibrotic tuberculosis; 15.98 +/- 16.66 micrograms/ml for 15 cases of tuberculous pneumonia; 25.61 +/- 18.96 micrograms/ml for 29 cases of tuberculous effusion; 16.66 +/- 10.18 micrograms/ml for 11 cases of tuberculous cavity; 81.1 +/- 24.9 micr ...	1990	2213964
[secondary prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by intravenous pentamidine].		1990	2214912
[generalized histoplasmosis in 3 patients with an hiv infection].	three patients with generalized histoplasmosis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) are described. symptoms of generalized histoplasmosis in patients with aids are not specific and concomitant opportunistic infections frequently occur. two patients suffered from an infection by mycobacterium tuberculosis, one patient had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and one had cerebral toxoplasmosis. one patient had serological results positive for histoplasma capsulatum. two of the three patien ...	1990	2215745
a cyst-specific component of pneumocystis carinii.		1990	2217126
immunohistochemistry of pneumocystis carinii infection.	pneumocystis carinii is the pre-eminent pulmonary pathogen and leading cause of death in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the diagnosis of this organism depends upon the morphologic demonstration of the cyst wall, trophozoite, or sporozoite in specimens from the lower respiratory tract. a variety of histochemical stains have been used to identify p. carinii, each with considerable limitations in specificity. extrapulmonary spread and unusually destructive pulmonary patter ...	1990	2217151
oral findings in hiv-infected patients attending a department of internal medicine: the contribution of intraoral examination towards the clinical management of hiv disease.	the occurrence of oral mucosal lesions was studied in 70 consecutive human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients, including 35 patients with aids, who had been admitted to a department of internal medicine. lesions of the oral mucosa were observed in 52 patients (74 per cent). oral candidiasis (50 per cent), hairy leukoplakia (14 per cent), periodontal disease (13 per cent), and oral kaposi's sarcoma (4 per cent) were the most common lesions. oral mucosal lesions suggestive of hiv infec ...	1990	2217677
[late diagnosis of juvenile dermatomyositis with spontaneous pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema].	the authors describe a 11 year-old girl that presented eczematous scabies with acute oligoarthritis that subsided in one day. fourteen months later, she developed a classical juvenile dermatomyositis with spontaneous pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema; pulmonary infection due to pneumocystis carinii had been diagnosed and was attributable to immunosuppressive therapy. despite the late diagnosis, the rapid disease activity and the multiple complications, clinical and laborato ...	1990	2218303
ventricular tachycardia and torsades de pointes complicating pentamidine therapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.		1990	2220597
spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated with prophylactic aerosolized pentamidine.	spontaneous pneumothorax is a known complication of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. to evaluate the possible pathogenesis and natural history of pneumothorax in patients receiving aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis, we retrospectively reviewed 327 outpatients positive for human immunodeficiency virus receiving aerosolized pentamidine. there were 12 spontaneous pneumothoraces in this group of patients. seventy-five percent of patients with ...	1990	2222102
high resolution computed tomography of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids.	high resolution computed tomography (ct) was performed on 11 homosexual men with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). all had bronchoscopically proven pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). six patients were re-scanned following treatment and symptomatic recovery. all the scans were abnormal, most showing fine diffuse bilateral alveolar consolidation with bronchial wall thickening, despite having a normal or near-normal chest radiograph in three cases. a variety of unexpected changes s ...	1990	2225727
undiagnosed tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.	we describe the clinical features of 11 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection in whom tuberculosis was undiagnosed and untreated prior to death. most patients (9 of 11) had pulmonary complaints and 8 of 11 had roentgenographic findings suggestive of tuberculosis (hilar or mediastinal adenopathy, pleural effusion, apical infiltrate or miliary pattern). despite these findings, tuberculin skin tests were not performed in any of the patients. acid-fast smears of sputum were obtained i ...	1990	2225943
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv infection: better prognosis because of early diagnosis].	the clinical presentation of 60 consecutive pneumocystis carinii pneumonias in 58 hiv-infected patients (48 men, 10 women, mean age 34 [22-53] years) was prospectively evaluated from april to august 1989 and compared with 60 consecutive p. carinii pneumonias in 59 hiv-infected patients (55 men, 4 women, mean age 37.5 [22-60] years) between 1981-88. mortality rates within 14 days after diagnosis of p. carinii pneumonia were 50% (8 of 16 patients) until 1985, 20.5% (9 of 44) between 1986 and augus ...	1990	2226163
lung pathology in hiv positive patients.	we describe the results of 43 bronchoscopic examinations carried out on 35 patients who were hiv positive. of these, 13 were intravenous drug abusers, 13 were homosexual or bisexual, six were haemophiliacs, two were homosexual intravenous drug abusers and one was a heterosexual contact of a drug abuser. all underwent investigation because of respiratory symptoms. aetiological diagnosis could not be made from physical examination, x-ray or routine laboratory tests but, was usually made using bron ...	1990	2228531
systemic dissemination of pneumocystis carinii in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	pneumocystis carinii is usually considered a respiratory tract pathogen; however, there are reported cases of limited and generalized dissemination of the organism from the lungs of immunocompromised patients. we present the autopsy findings of a 29-year-old male with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and recurrent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia who developed abnormal liver function tests. the patient had received aerosolized pentamidine because of toxic reactions to other modes of thera ...	1990	2228716
thyroiditis as the presenting manifestation of disseminated extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii infection.	a 38-yr-old male with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developed neck pain in association with mild hyperthyroidism and a diffusely enlarged thyroid gland. radioactive iodine scanning was consistent with thyroiditis, and biopsy of the thyroid demonstrated the presence of pneumocystis carinii in thyroid tissue. treatment with pentamidine followed by trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole led to rapid normalization of thyroid size in association with the development of hypothyroidism. this case illustrat ...	1990	2229322
glucocorticoid therapy for severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	the majority of patients with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia respond to treatment with either high-dose cotrimoxazole or iv pentamidine. glucocorticoids have been given as 'adjuvant' therapy in those patients who fail to respond to cotrimoxazole or pentamidine. this article discusses the role of glucocorticoids therapy in the treatment of severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and reviews the evidence for their efficacy.	1990	2230171
the use of corticosteroids in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1990	2230267
mechlorethamine, vincristine, and procarbazine chemotherapy for recurrent high-grade glioma in adults: a phase ii study.	we undertook a phase ii study of combination chemotherapy with mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard) 6 mg/m2 intravenously day 1 and day 8, vincristine 2 mg intravenously day 1 and day 8, and procarbazine 100 mg/m2 orally days 1 through 14 (mop) in adults with recurrent high-grade glioma. there were 31 patients entered and 27 patients assessable for response. the median age was 49 years old. all patients had prior maximal radiotherapy, and eight had previous chemotherapy. responses were determined ...	1990	2230893
histopathological changes in simian immunodeficiency virus infection.	the histological lesions were studied in seven rhesus and three cynomolgus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus for periods ranging from nine weeks to 18 months. lymphoreticular changes included hyperplasia, follicular involution and depletion, and one animal had amyloidosis of the spleen. hyperplastic changes also took place in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and infiltrations occurred in the vaginal mucosa of one animal, which could be significant in sexual transmission of the ...	1990	2231195
testicular carcinoma in patients positive and at risk for human immunodeficiency virus.	patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are at increased risk for certain malignancies. because acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and testicular cancer affect primarily young men, the potential complications that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome might impose raise significant concern. to address this question we performed a retrospective review of all cases of testicular cancer during an 11-year period. of 140 patients 6 had human immunodeficiency virus infection and 7 were from ...	1990	2231890
a novel diagnostic method of pneumocystis carinii. in situ hybridization of ribosomal ribonucleic acid with biotinylated oligonucleotide probes.	the reactivity and specificity of the in situ hybridization of ribosomal rna in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii were investigated. three complementary oligonucleotide probes, 22 and 25 nucleotides long, corresponding to the species specific regions of 5s and 18s ribosomal rna of pneumocystis carinii were synthesized and labeled with biotinylated dupt at the 3' termini. in situ hybridization was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human lung tissues using the mixture of these prob ...	1990	2232708
disseminated histoplasmosis in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment, and review of the literature.	histoplasmosis is a serious opportunistic infection in patients with aids, often representing the first manifestation of the syndrome. most infections occurring within the endemic region are caused by exogenous exposure, while those occurring in nonendemic areas may represent endogenous reactivation of latent foci of infection or exogenous exposure to microfoci located within those nonendemic regions. however, prospective investigations are needed to prove the mode of acquisition. the infection ...	1990	2233233
extrapulmonary pneumocystosis: clinical features in human immunodeficiency virus infection.	pneumocystis carinii infection is reported with increasing frequency as a cause of disease outside of the respiratory tract in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. extrapulmonary pneumocystosis is not limited to patients in any discrete risk group for hiv infection. patients with hiv infection who develop extrapulmonary pneumocystosis frequently do not have concurrent p. carinii pneumonia. signs and symptoms of extrapulmonary pneumocystosis are nonspecific but when present ...	1990	2233234
corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.	preliminary reports suggest that patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia may benefit from the addition of corticosteroid treatment to antibiotic therapy.	1990	2233916
a controlled trial of early adjunctive treatment with corticosteroids for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. california collaborative treatment group.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia remains a common cause of serious morbidity and mortality in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the extensive lung injury that accompanies pneumocystis-associated respiratory failure and the reports of clinical benefit from the use of adjunctive corticosteroids provided the rationale for this prospective multicenter trial.	1990	2233917
oral histoplasmosis as a presenting disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	a 43-year-old homosexual man visited his dentist with painful, nodular, ulcerated lesions on the soft palate, right buccal mucosa, and right posterior maxillary gingiva. serologic studies for exposure to human immunodeficiency virus, performed before biopsy, were positive. biopsy of the maxillary gingiva demonstrated sheets of histiocytes containing small intracellular yeasts, which on culture were identified as histoplasma capsulatum. bilateral leukoplakic lesions with some vertical furrowing i ...	1990	2234884
survival of aids patients in norway.	the survival function of the 100 first aids patients in norway is presented and analyzed with respect to four factors obtained at the time of diagnosis; a) year of diagnosis b) initial aids related disease c) knowledge of hiv seropositivity prior to onset of aids and d) age at time of diagnosis. the median survival was 9.3 months. among the known seropositive aids patients there were almost twice as many with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as initial aids related disease, as among the not known ...	1990	2237333