Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| categories of resistance at four growth stages in three wheats resistant to the russian wheat aphid (homoptera: aphididae). | laboratory experiments were conducted to determine categories of resistance to russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko), in three wheats, triticum aestivum l, (pi 372129, pi 243781, and pi 222668) at zadoks growth stages 10, 20, 30, and 40. 'tam 107' was used as the susceptible standard. antixenosis was observed in pi 222668 and pi 372129. antibiosis was expressed as reduced nymphipositional period, daily nymph production, and fecundity at the jointing (zadoks 30) and boot (zadoks 40) st ... | 2003 | 12852604 |
| allopolyploidy alters gene expression in the highly stable hexaploid wheat. | hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) contains triplicated genomes derived from three distinct species. to better understand how different genomes are coordinated in the same nucleus of the hexaploid wheat, we globally compared gene expression of a synthetic hexaploid wheat with its diploid (aegilops tauschii) and tetraploid (t. turgidum) parents by cdna-aflp display. the results suggested that the expression of a significant fraction of genes was altered in the synthetic hexaploid; most appeared ... | 2003 | 12856945 |
| calmodulin is involved in heat shock signal transduction in wheat. | the involvement of calcium and calcium-activated calmodulin (ca(2+)-cam) in heat shock (hs) signal transduction in wheat (triticum aestivum) was investigated. using fluo-3/acetoxymethyl esters and laser scanning confocal microscopy, it was found that the increase of intracellular free calcium ion concentration started within 1 min after a 37 degrees c hs. the levels of cam mrna and protein increased during hs at 37 degrees c in the presence of ca(2+). the expression of hsp26 and hsp70 genes was ... | 2003 | 12857801 |
| an isoleucine residue within the carboxyl-transferase domain of multidomain acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase is a major determinant of sensitivity to aryloxyphenoxypropionate but not to cyclohexanedione inhibitors. | a 3,300-bp dna fragment encoding the carboxyl-transferase domain of the multidomain, chloroplastic acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase (accase) was sequenced in aryloxyphenoxypropionate (app)-resistant and -sensitive alopecurus myosuroides (huds.). no resistant plant contained an ile-1,781-leu substitution, previously shown to confer resistance to apps and cyclohexanediones (chds). instead, an ile-2,041-asn substitution was found in resistant plants. phylogenetic analysis of the sequences revealed tha ... | 2003 | 12857850 |
| unraveling thioredoxin-linked metabolic processes of cereal starchy endosperm using proteomics. | application of a thiol-specific probe, monobromobimane, with proteomics and enzyme assays led to the identification of 23 thioredoxin targets in the starchy endosperm of mature wheat seeds (triticum aestivum cv. butte), almost all containing at least two conserved cysteines. the identified targets, 12 not known to be thioredoxin-linked, function in a spectrum of processes: metabolism (12 targets), protein storage (three), oxidative stress (three), protein degradation (two), protein assembly/fold ... | 2003 | 12860404 |
| time and cell cycle dependent formation of heterogeneous tubulin arrays induced by colchicine in triticum aestivum root meristem. | we have investigated the appearance and reorganization of tubulin-containing arrays induced by colchicine in the root meristem of wheat triticum aestivum, using immunostaining and electron microscopy. colchicine caused depolymerization of microtubules and formation of tubulin cortical strands composed of filamentous material only in c-mitotic cells. after prolonged exposure to the drug, both interphase and c-mitotic cells acquired needle-type bundles, arranged as different crystalloids and/or ma ... | 2003 | 12867155 |
| is microtubule disassembly a trigger for cold acclimation? | cold acclimation was followed in three cultivars of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that differ in freezing tolerance, using root growth as the indicator. during acclimation (followed through 7 d at 4 degrees c), growth rate progressively recovered. the recovery was fast in the tolerant, slow in the sensitive cultivars. the development of freezing tolerance was followed by a challenging cold shock administered after various time intervals of acclimation. acclimation proceeded faster in the t ... | 2003 | 12881495 |
| modeling and control for closed environment plant production systems. | a computer program was developed to study multiple crop production and control in controlled environment plant production systems. the program simulates crop growth and development under nominal and off-nominal environments. time-series crop models for wheat (triticum aestivum), soybean (glycine max), and white potato (solanum tuberosum) are integrated with a model-based predictive controller. the controller evaluates and compensates for effects of environmental disturbances on crop production s ... | 2002 | 12882224 |
| growth promotion and an increase in cell wall extensibility by silicon in rice and some other poaceae seedlings. | the effect of silicon on organ growth and its mechanisms of action were studied in rice ( oryza sativa l. cv. koshihikari), oat ( avena sativa l. cv. victory), and wheat ( triticum aestivum l. cv. daichino-minori) seedlings grown in the dark. applying silicon in the form of silicic acid to these seedlings via culture solution resulted in growth promotion of third (rice) or second (oat and wheat) leaves. the optimal concentration of silicon was 5-10 mm. no growth promotion was observed in early o ... | 2002 | 12884045 |
| [rapd-based analysis of introgression of barley genetic material into the genome of alloplasmic wheat lines (hordeum geniculatum all./ triticum aestivum l.)]. | genomes of three alloplasmic wheat lines obtained on the basis of barley--wheat hybrid horderum geniculatum all. (2n = 28) x triticum aestivum l. (2n = 42)(pyrotrix 28) were examined using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. line l-29 was obtained after first backcross of the initial hybrid with the wheat variety pyrotrix 28 and ten subsequent self-pollinating generations. this line was represented by euploid plants with typical to the common wheat chromosome number (2n = 42), as w ... | 2003 | 12884518 |
| soil properties and crop productivity as influenced by flyash incorporation in soil. | field experiments were carried out during 1996-97 at gulawathi, muthiani and salarpur villages, iari farm, new delhi and ncpp campus, dadri to evaluate changes in soil characteristics and growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), mustard (brassica juncea l.), lentil (lence esculenta moench.), rice (oryza sativa l.) and maize (zea mays l.) by varying amounts of flyash addition (up to 50t ha(-1)) in soils at sowing/transplanting time of crops. flyash addition in areas adjoining ncpp thermal power pl ... | 2003 | 12889638 |
| mature green waste compost enhances growth and nitrogen uptake in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and oilseed rape (brassica napus l.) through the action of water-extractable factors. | a series of field and pot trials were carried out to determine the effects of growing wheat and oilseed rape in soils supplemented with green waste composts and provided with additional fertilisers. it was shown consistently that the response of wheat and rape to compost and fertiliser applied together was greater than the responses to the individual additives, but only when very stable compost was used (>10 months processing). experiments with 15n-labelled fertiliser showed that wheat was able ... | 2003 | 12895554 |
| qtl mapping of partial resistance in winter wheat to stagonospora nodorum blotch. | stagonospora nodorum blotch is an important foliar and glume disease in cereals. inheritance of resistance in wheat appears to be quantitative. to date, breeding of partially resistant cultivars has been the only effective way to combat this pathogen. the partial resistance components, namely length of incubation period, disease severity, and length of latent period, were evaluated on a population of doubled haploids derived from a cross between the partially resistant triticum aestivum 'liwilla ... | 2003 | 12897862 |
| molecular mapping of novel genes controlling fusarium head blight resistance and deoxynivalenol accumulation in spring wheat. | fusarium head blight of wheat is an extremely damaging disease, causing severe losses in seed yield and quality. the objective of the current study was to examine and characterize alternate sources of resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb). ninety-one f1-derived doubled haploid lines from the cross triticum aestivum 'wuhan-1' x triticum aestivum 'maringa' were examined for disease reaction to fusarium graminearum by single-floret injection in replicated greenhouse trials and by spray inoculati ... | 2003 | 12897863 |
| chromosomal location of a race-specific resistance gene to mycosphaerella graminicola in the spring wheat st6. | septoria tritici blotch, caused by mycosphaerella graminicola, is a serious foliar disease of wheat worldwide. qualitative, race-specific resistance sources have been identified and utilized for resistant cultivar development. however, septoria tritici blotch resistant varieties have succumbed to changes in virulence of m. graminicola on at least three continents. the use of resistance gene pyramids may slow or prevent the breakdown of resistance. a clear understanding of the genetics of resista ... | 2003 | 12898022 |
| an integrative genetic linkage map of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | we constructed a genetic linkage map based on a cross between two swiss winter wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) varieties, arina and forno. two-hundred and forty f(5) single-seed descent (ssd)-derived lines were analysed with 112 restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) anonymous probes, 18 wheat cdna clones coding for putative stress or defence-related proteins and 179 simple-sequence repeat (ssr) primer-pairs. the 309 markers revealed 396 segregating loci. linkage analysis defined 27 linka ... | 2003 | 12898031 |
| presence of yeasts in southern italian sourdoughs from triticum aestivum flour. | samples of sourdoughs obtained from 13 artisanal bakeries located in the molise and campania regions were analysed. the sourdoughs were produced with the exclusive use of triticum aestivum wheat flour. ph values of sourdoughs from molise were generally lower than those from campania. the number of yeasts in the samples of sourdoughs from molise was generally higher than in those from campania, which in two cases evidenced counts about 2 log cfu x g(-1). by utilising and comparing traditional and ... | 2003 | 12900033 |
| pesticide adsorptivity of aged particulate matter arising from crop residue burns. | particulates (ashes) arising from the burning of crop residues are potentially effective adsorbents for pesticides in agricultural soils. to determine the long-term adsorptive sustainability of ashes, a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) ash was aged under environmentally relevant conditions (in cacl(2) solution at room temperature and ph 7) in soil extract for 1 month and in a soil (1% ash) for a period of up to 12 months. the aged ash and ash-amended soil were used to sorb diuron from water. the diu ... | 2003 | 12903968 |
| quantitative trait loci and molecular markers associated with wheat allelopathy. | wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) has been examined for allelopathic potential against annual ryegrass ( lolium rigidum). the bioassay technique, 'equal-compartment-agar-method', was employed to evaluate seedling allelopathy in a doubled-haploid (dh) population derived from cv sunco (weakly allelopathic) and cv tasman (strongly allelopathic). a significant difference in allelopathic activity was found among the dh lines, which inhibited the root length of ryegrass across a range from 23.7 to 88.3%. ... | 2003 | 12904863 |
| cold-specific and light-stimulated expression of a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cor gene wcor15 encoding a chloroplast-targeted protein. | wcor15, a member of the wheat cold-responsive (cor) gene family, has been isolated and characterized. the deduced polypeptide wcor15 (mw=14.7 kda) showed high homology to the previously identified wheat and barley cor proteins. southern blot analysis using diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat and diploid aegilops species showed that the wheat and related wild genomes possessed multiple copies of wcor15 homologues. five copies were assigned to the homologous group 2 chromosomes by nulli-tetras ... | 2003 | 12909691 |
| tavrt-1, a putative transcription factor associated with vegetative to reproductive transition in cereals. | the molecular genetics of vernalization, defined as the promotion of flowering by cold treatment, is still poorly understood in cereals. to better understand this mechanism, we cloned and characterized a gene that we named tavrt-1 (wheat [triticum aestivum] vegetative to reproductive transition-1). molecular and sequence analyses indicated that this gene encodes a protein homologous to the mads-box family of transcription factors that comprises certain flowering control proteins in arabidopsis. ... | 0 | 12913142 |
| thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase mutant exhibits impaired electron transport and photosynthetic activity. | in chloroplasts, stromal and thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidases (tapx) play a major role in the removal of h(2)o(2) produced during photosynthesis. here, we report that hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) expresses three homeologous tapx genes (taapx-6a, taapx-6b, and taapx-6d) mapping on group-6 chromosomes. the tapx activity of a mutant line lacking taapx-6b was 40% lower than that of the wild type. when grown at high-light intensity photosystem ii electron transfer, photosynthetic activity ... | 2003 | 12913166 |
| contact activity of difenzoquat differs from that of paraquat. | difenzoquat herbicide is used for post-emergence control of wild oat (avena fatua l) in small grain crops. its mechanism of action is not known, but appears to have both paraquat-like contact activity and systemic growth-inhibition activity. experiments were conducted in vitro to compare the contact activity of difenzoquat and paraquat, to examine the contact activity of difenzoquat in difenzoquat-resistant (accession lcs) and -susceptible (accession sb 18) a fatua biotypes and -tolerant 'ernest ... | 2003 | 12916774 |
| [effects of combined pollution of heavy metals on root vitality of wheat seeds]. | the combined effects of cu, cd, pb and zn on the growth and activity of the seminal roots of wheat (triticum aestivum) were studied by the method of quadratic regression revolution design. the mathematical models describing the above relations were established. as for the toxicity to the root vitality, their single effects, marginal utility and combined effects between two heavy metals were analyzed. the results showed that pb had the most important effect on the activity of root, and then, cu, ... | 2003 | 12920906 |
| [studies on application of apage in male sterile wheat with alloplamic cytoplasm]. | four male sterile wheat with aeglops kotschyi, ae. variabilis, ae. ventricosa and ae. bicornis cytoplasm, were crossed with some wheat materials, and from the crosses a series of maintenance lines were selected. the apage(acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) analysis indicated that most maintenance lines possessed the gliadin marker gld1b3 of 1bl/1rs translocation chromosome. the root tip chromosomes of this maintenance lines had two satellite chromosomes, but other maintenance lines without ... | 2003 | 12924162 |
| detection of qtls for stagonospora glume blotch resistance in swiss winter wheat. | stagonospora nodorum is the causal agent of the stagonospora glume blotch disease in hexaploid wheat. the swiss winter bread wheat cv. 'arina' has a highly effective, durable and quantitative glume blotch resistance. we studied 240 single seed descent (ssd)-derived lines of an 'arina x forno' f(5:7) population to identify and map quantitative trait loci (qtls) for glume blotch resistance under natural infestation. using composite interval mapping (cim) and lod>4.5, we detected two chromosomal re ... | 2003 | 12928778 |
| genetic analysis, molecular tagging and mapping of the thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile gene (wtms1) in wheat. | a thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile (tgms) wheat line ( triticum aestivum l.) bny-s was obtained from the spontaneous mutant of bny-f. its fertility was decided by the temperature during the differentiation stage of the spikelets. bny-s was completely sterile when the temperature was lower than 10 degrees c during the differentiation stage of the spikelets, but fertile when the temperature was higher than 10 degrees c. genetic analysis indicated that the sterility of bny-s was controlled by a ... | 2003 | 12928780 |
| phenotypic assessment and mapped markers for h31, a new wheat gene conferring resistance to hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae). | a new source of resistance to the highly virulent and widespread biotype l of the hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say), was identified in an accession of tetraploid durum wheat, triticum turgidum desf., and was introgressed into hexaploid common wheat, triticum aestivum l. genetic analysis and deletion mapping revealed that the common wheat line contained a single locus for resistance, h31, residing at the terminus of chromosome 5bs. h31 is the first hessian fly-resistance gene to be placed o ... | 2003 | 12928782 |
| comparison of triticonazole dissipation after seed or soil treatment. | this study examined the long-term fate of the fungicide triticonazole (ttz; 5-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylene]-2,2-dimethyl-1-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cydopentanol) applied at a normal field dose (8.9 g ha(-1)) via seed treatment, which is the normal alternative in practice. the ttz was applied to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grains as a disinfectant before sowing or spraying on bare soil for comparison and reference to the seed treatment. the seeds were germinated and grown in pots in a greenhou ... | 2006 | 12931880 |
| estimating nitrate leaching with a transfer function model incorporating net mineralization and uptake of nitrogen. | because of the complex interaction of chemical and biological processes of nitrogen (n) in soils, it is difficult to estimate the leaching of nitrate with various n transformations in porous media. in this study, a transfer function model was developed to simulate the outflow concentration of nitrate in soils during the growth of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.), taking into account the main n transformations using source and sink terms. the source and sink terms were treated as inputs to the ... | 2013 | 12931902 |
| growth responses of wheat (triticum aestivum l. var. hd 2329) exposed to ambient air pollution under varying fertility regimes. | the problem of urban air pollution has attracted special attention in india due to a tremendous increase in the urban population; motor vehicles vis a vis the extent of energy utilization. field studies were conducted on wheat crops (triticum aestivum l. var. hd 2329) by keeping the pot-grown plants in similar edaphic conditions at nine different sites in allahabad city to quantify the effects of ambient air pollution levels on selected growth and yield parameters. air quality monitoring was don ... | 2003 | 12941977 |
| field response of wheat to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and drought stress. | mycorrhizal plants often have greater tolerance to drought than nonmycorrhizal plants. this study was conducted to determine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi inoculation on growth, grain yield and mineral acquisition of two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars grown in the field under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. wheat seeds were planted in furrows after treatment with or without the am fungi glomus mosseae or g. etunicatum. roots were sampled at four grow ... | 2004 | 12942358 |
| [genealogy-based comparative analysis of loose smut resistance of spring common wheat cultivars]. | comparative genealogical analysis was conducted for loose smut-resistant and susceptible common wheat cultivars of three regions: russia, canada, and india. pedigree analysis of differentiator varieties revealed several sources of the ut1, ut3, and ut4 genes. tracking resistance transmission in extended pedigrees allowed identification of resistance donors, sources, and, in some cases, putative genes in russian, canadian, and indian cultivars. a contingency table was constructed with the data on ... | 2003 | 12942780 |
| [detection of the introgression of genome elements of aegilops cylindrica host. into triticum aestivum l. genome with issr-analysis]. | comparative analysis of introgressive and parental forms of wheat was carried out to reveal the sites of donor genome with new loci of resistance to fungal diseases. by issr-method 124 issr-loci were detected in the genomes of 18 individual plants of introgressive line 5/20-91; 17 of them have been related to introgressive fragments of ae. cylindrica genome in t. aestivum. it was shown that issr-method is effective for detection of the variability caused by introgression of alien genetic materia ... | 2008 | 12945176 |
| fluorescence lifetimes of protochlorophyllide in plants with different proportions of short-wavelength and long-wavelength protochlorophyllide spectral forms. | dark-grown leaves of maize (zea mays), wheat (triticum aestivum), wild-type pea (pisum sativum) and its light-independent photomorphogenesis mutant (lip1) have different proportions of protochlorophyllide (pchlide) forms as revealed by low-temperature fluorescence emission spectra. four discrete spectral forms of pchlide, with emission peaks around 633, 640, 656 and 670 nm, could be distinguished after gaussian deconvolution. in maize and wheat the 656 nm component was the most prominent, wherea ... | 2003 | 12945590 |
| genetic transformation of indian bread (t. aestivum) and pasta (t. durum) wheat by particle bombardment of mature embryo-derived calli. | particle bombardment has been successfully employed for obtaining transgenics in cereals in general and wheat in particular. most of these procedures employ immature embryos which are not available throughout the year. the present investigation utilizes mature seeds as the starting material and the calli raised from the hexaploid triticum aestivum and tetraploid triticum durum display a high regeneration response and were therefore used as the target tissue for genetic transformation by the biol ... | 2003 | 12952555 |
| enhanced pesticide sorption by soils containing particulate matter from crop residue burns. | lack of proper techniques to isolate black carbon (bc) from soils has hindered the understanding of their roles in the sorption and environmental fate of organic contaminants in soils and sediments. the burning of crop residues may be the primary source of bc in agricultural soils. in this study, wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.) residues were burned, and the resulting particulate matter (ashes) along with a soil were used to sorb diuron from water. calculations indicated t ... | 2003 | 12953876 |
| cloning, characterization and regulation of a family of phi class glutathione transferases from wheat. | six phi (f) class glutathione transferases (gsts) were cloned from bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) treated with the herbicide safener fenchlorazole ethyl and named tagstf1-6. recombinant tagstfs were assayed for glutathione conjugating activity towards xenobiotics including herbicides and for glutathione peroxidase (gpox) activity. tagstf1, which resembled zmgstf1, the dominant gst in maize (zea mays), was highly active in conjugating 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenezene (cdnb) but had low activities ... | 2003 | 12956529 |
| isolation and identification of actinobacteria from surface-sterilized wheat roots. | this is the first report of filamentous actinobacteria isolated from surface-sterilized root tissues of healthy wheat plants (triticum aestivum l.). wheat roots from a range of sites across south australia were used as the source material for the isolation of the endophytic actinobacteria. roots were surface-sterilized by using ethanol and sodium hypochlorite prior to the isolation of the actinobacteria. forty-nine of these isolates were identified by using 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) sequencing an ... | 2003 | 12957950 |
| hormonal regulation of the onset of endosperm development in amphimictic triticum aestivum l. and apomictic taraxacum officinale web. species. | 2017 | 12959073 | |
| effect of air pollution on peri-urban agriculture: a case study. | peri-urban agriculture is vital for the urban populations of many developing countries. increases in both industrialization and urbanization, and associated air pollution threaten urban food production and its quality. six hour mean concentrations were monitored for so(2), no(2) and o(3) and plant responses were measured in terms of physiological characteristics, pigment, biomass and yield. parameter reductions in mung bean (vigna radiata), palak (beta vulgaris), wheat (triticum aestivum) and mu ... | 2003 | 12963293 |
| overexpression of a gene encoding hydrogen peroxide-generating oxalate oxidase evokes defense responses in sunflower. | oxalate oxidase (oxo) converts oxalic acid (oa) and o(2) to co(2) and hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)), and acts as a source of h(2)o(2) in certain plant-pathogen interactions. to determine if the h(2)o(2) produced by oxo can function as a messenger for activation of defense genes and if oxo can confer resistance against an oa-producing pathogen, we analyzed transgenic sunflower (helianthus annuus cv smf3) plants constitutively expressing a wheat (triticum aestivum) oxo gene. the transgenic leaf tis ... | 2003 | 12970484 |
| electrical potentials of plant cell walls in response to the ionic environment. | electrical potentials in cell walls (psi(wall)) and at plasma membrane surfaces (psi(pm)) are determinants of ion activities in these phases. the psi(pm) plays a demonstrated role in ion uptake and intoxication, but a comprehensive electrostatic theory of plant-ion interactions will require further understanding of psi(wall). psi(wall) from potato (solanum tuberosum) tubers and wheat (triticum aestivum) roots was monitored in response to ionic changes by placing glass microelectrodes against cel ... | 2003 | 12970506 |
| fatty acid biosynthesis in mitochondria of grasses: malonyl-coenzyme a is generated by a mitochondrial-localized acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase. | we present biochemical evidence for the occurrence of a 250-kd multifunctional acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase in barley (hordeum vulgare) mitochondria. organelles from 6-d-old barley seedlings were purified by differential centrifugation and percoll density gradient centrifugation. upon analysis by two-dimensional blue-native (bn)/sds-page, an abundant 250-kd protein can be visualized, which runs at 500 kd on the native gel dimension. a similar 500-kd complex is present in etioplasts from barley. ... | 2003 | 12972648 |
| cis-jasmone treatment induces resistance in wheat plants against the grain aphid, sitobion avenae (fabricius) (homoptera: aphididae). | cis-jasmone is a plant volatile known to have roles as an insect semiochemical and in inducing plant defence. it was evaluated in laboratory and field trials for control of cereal aphids. in an olfactometer bioassay cis-jasmone was repellent to alatae of the grain aphid, sitobion avenae (fabricius) (homoptera: aphididae). moreover, wheat, triticum aestivum (l), seedlings sprayed with formulated cis-jasmone 24 h previously were less susceptible to attack by s. avenae than control plants. in field ... | 2003 | 12974355 |
| [research on anaerobiosis of embryos of triticum vulgare]. | 1952 | 12978052 | |
| [new finding of inertia of the so-called initial axials in the root meristema of triticum vulgare]. | 1953 | 13059960 | |
| [apex of triticum vulgare; modalities of resumption of mitoses at germination and its vegetative function]. | 1953 | 13067293 | |
| the resistance of twelve varieties of triticum vulgare to erysiphe graminis tritici. | 1953 | 13093525 | |
| the biosynthesis and metabolism of betaines in plants. iii. studies on the biosynthesis of precursors of glycinebetaine in seedlings of wheat (triticum vulgare vill.). | 1954 | 13208596 | |
| additional genes in triticum vulgare for resistance to erysiphe graminis tritici. | 1954 | 13229838 | |
| [influence of some bacteriostatics on the first stage of development of wheat, triticum vulgare]. | 2006 | 13537975 | |
| [effects of various steroids of corticotropin (acth) on the processes of germination & growth of seeds of triticum vulgare & phaseolus vulgaris]. | 2005 | 13591741 | |
| identification and mapping of genetic loci affecting the free-threshing habit and spike compactness in wheat ( triticum aestivum l.). | recombinant inbred lines of the international triticeae mapping initiative (itmi) mapping population were used to localize genetic loci that affect traits related to the free-threshing habit (percent threshability, glume tenacity, and spike fragility) and to spike morphology (spike length, spikelet number, and spike compactness) of wheat ( triticum aestivum l.). the itmi population was planted in three environments during 1999 and 2000, and phenotypic and genotypic data were used for composite i ... | 2004 | 13679977 |
| hmw and lmw glutenin alleles among putative tetraploid and hexaploid european spelt wheat (triticum spelta l.) progenitors. | the allelic compositions of high- and low-molecular-weight subunits of glutenins (hmw-gs and lmw-gs) among european spelt ( triticum spelta l.) and related hexaploid and tetraploid triticum species were investigated by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (page) and capillary electrophoresis (ce). a total of seven novel glutenin alleles (designated a1a*, b1d*, b1g*, b1f*, b1j*, d1a* at glu-1 and a3h at the glu-3 loci, respectively) in european spelt wheat were detected by ... | 2003 | 13679994 |
| [influence of some bacteriostatic agents on the full growth cycle of triticum vulgare]. | 2016 | 13706897 | |
| [variations in the distribution of ribonucleoproteins in the tips of wheat (triticum vulgare vill.) sown in winter, in spring, and in autumn]. | 1960 | 13737579 | |
| [biological effects of substances inhibiting monoamine oxidase. i. action on the development of "triticum vulgare"]. | 1960 | 13772440 | |
| a sequential growth response to gibberellic acid, kinetin and indolyl-3-acetic acid in the wheat coleoptile (triticum vulgare l.). | 1961 | 13786824 | |
| [respiratory inhibition of roots of triticum vulgare with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (ddc) and induced cytoplasmic modifications in the meristematic cells]. | 1964 | 14250626 | |
| activation parameters of the blue shift (shibata shift) subsequent to protochlorophyllide phototransformation. | the shibata shift was analyzed in flash irradiated wheat (triticum aestivum, l., cult. mv17) leaf homogenates in the pressure range of 0.1 to 500 mpa, at temperatures of 20, 30 and 40 degrees c. the kinetics of the blue shift (called shibata shift in case of intact leaves) was followed by repeated recording of fluorescence emission spectra after phototransformation. at 20 degrees c, above 100 mpa, the blue shift slowed down remarkably. two components of the blue shift could be distinguished, one ... | 2003 | 14499597 |
| damage potential of grasshoppers (orthoptera: acrididae) on early growth stages of small-grains and canola under subarctic conditions. | we characterized the type and extent of grasshopper injury to above- and below-ground plant parts for four crops [barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oats (avena sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and canola (brassica campestris l.)] commonly grown, or with potential to grow, in central alaska. cages were placed on 48 pots containing plants in second to third leaf stages and stocked with 0, 2, 4, and 6 first-instar melanoplus sanguinipes f. pot(-1). plants were harvested 22 d after planting. ste ... | 2003 | 14503591 |
| assessment of aegilops tauschii for resistance to biotypes of wheat curl mite (acari: eriophyidae). | aegilops tauschii, the wild diploid d-genome progenitor of wheat, triticum aestivum l., is an important source of resistance to several arthropod pests and pathogens. a total of 108 ae. tauschii accessions from different geographic regions were evaluated for resistance to biotypes of the wheat curl mite, aceria tosichella keifer, from kansas, nebraska, and montana. the wheat curl mite is the only vector known to transmit wheat streak mosaic virus. wheat curl mite resistance was detected in germp ... | 2003 | 14503608 |
| lower glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (gip) response but similar glucagon-like peptide 1 (glp-1), glycaemic, and insulinaemic response to ancient wheat compared to modern wheat depends on processing. | to test the hypothesis that bread made from the ancient wheat einkorn (triticum monococcum) reduces the insulin and glucose responses through modulation of the gastrointestinal responses of glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide (gip) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (glp-1) compared to the responses to bread of modern wheat (triticum aestivum). | 2003 | 14506486 |
| transferable est-ssr markers for the study of polymorphism and genetic diversity in bread wheat. | nearly 900 ssrs (simple sequence repeats) were identified among 15,000 ests (expressed sequence tags) belonging to bread wheat ( triticum aestivuml.). the ssrs were defined by their minimum length, which ranged from 14 to 21 bp. the maximum length ranged from 24 to 87 bp depending upon the length of the repeat unit itself (1-7 bp). the average density of ssrs was one ssr per 9.2 kb of est sequence screened. the trinucleotide repeats were the most abundant ssrs detected. as a representative sampl ... | 2003 | 14508680 |
| [the effect of rye chromosomes on callus induction and regeneration in callus cultures of immature embryos of wheat-rye substitution lines, triticum aestivum l. cultivar saratovskaia 29/secale cereale l. cultivar onokhoiskaia]. | the effect of individual rye chromosomes on the induction of callus and the character of its regenerating capacity was studied with cultured immature embryos of wheat-rye (triticum aestivum l. cv. saratovskaya 29-secale cereale l. cv. onokhoiskaya) substitution lines. the genotypic diversity of the substitution lines proved to significantly affect variation of parameters characterizing the major types of callus cultures, that is, frequencies of embryogenic calli, which are capable of shoot regen ... | 2003 | 14515464 |
| [genealogical approach to the formation of the winter wheat core collection]. | the correctness of the genealogical approach to the estimation of genetic diversity has been substantiated. the approach implies a comparison of the estimates of similarity based on genetic markers and coefficients of parentage. a method of the application of the genealogical approach to the formation of the core collection has been developed. the adequacy of the core set has been estimated using shannon's diversity index adapted for genetic profiles and the correlation between the distributions ... | 2003 | 14515466 |
| exclusion of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from chloroplasts by specific bodies in naturally senescing leaves of wheat. | immunocytochemical electron-microscopic observation indicated that ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco, ec 4.1.1.39) and/or its degradation products are localized in small spherical bodies having a diameter of 0.4-1.2 micro m in naturally senescing leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). these rubisco-containing bodies (rcbs) were found in the cytoplasm and in the vacuole. rcbs contained another stromal protein, chloroplastic glutamine synthetase, but not thylakoid proteins. ... | 2003 | 14519773 |
| type-h thioredoxins accumulate in the nucleus of developing wheat seed tissues suffering oxidative stress. | thioredoxin h (trx h) proteins are ubiquitous in all wheat organs, but show the highest accumulation in mature seeds. this distribution suggests the expression of trx h during seed development. in the present study, we have analyzed the pattern of trx h expression in developing wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) seeds. northern blot analysis detected a single band at any stage of development, which corresponded to the expression of at least two genes, trxha and trxhb, as shown by competitive reverse ... | 2003 | 14520565 |
| dissection of quantitative and durable leaf rust resistance in swiss winter wheat reveals a major resistance qtl in the lr34 chromosomal region. | the swiss winter bread wheat cv. 'forno' has a highly effective, durable and quantitative leaf rust ( puccinia triticina eriks.) resistance which is associated with leaf tip necrosis (ltn). we studied 240 single seed descent lines of an 'arinaxforno' f(5:7 )population to identify and map quantitative trait loci (qtls) for leaf rust resistance and ltn. percentage of infected leaf area (%) and the response to infection (ri) were evaluated in seven field trials and were transformed to the area unde ... | 2004 | 14523520 |
| origin, dispersal and genomic structure of a low-copy-number hypervariable rflp clone in triticum and aegilops species. | the genome of common wheat has evolved through allopolyploidization of three ancestral diploid genomes. a previously identified restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) marker, ptag546, has the unique feature of showing hypervariability among closely related common wheat cultivars. to understand the origin and the mode of dispersal of this hypervariable sequence in the wheat genome, the distribution and structure of the homologous sequences were studied using ancestral diploid species, te ... | 2003 | 14532708 |
| lr41, lr39, and a leaf rust resistance gene from aegilops cylindrica may be allelic and are located on wheat chromosome 2ds. | the leaf rust resistance gene lr41 in wheat germplasm ks90wgrc10 and a resistance gene in wheat breeding line wx93d246-r-1 were transferred to triticum aestivum from aegilops tauschii and ae. cylindrica, respectively. the leaf rust resistance gene in wx93d246-r-1 was located on wheat chromosome 2d by monosomic analysis. molecular marker analysis of f(2) plants from non-critical crosses determined that this gene is 11.2 cm distal to marker xgwm210 on the short arm of 2d. no susceptible plants wer ... | 2004 | 14534751 |
| recycling soil nitrate nitrogen by amending agricultural lands with oily food waste. | with current agricultural practices the amounts of fertilizer n applied are frequently more than the amounts removed by the crop. excessive n application may result in short-term accumulation of nitrate nitrogen (no3-n) in soil, which can easily be leached from the root zone and into the ground water. a management practice suggested for conserving accumulated no3-n is the application of oily food waste (fog; fat + oil + greases) to agricultural soils. a two-year field study (1995-1996 and 1996-1 ... | 2013 | 14535333 |
| sensitivity of wheat and rice to low levels of atmospheric ethylene. | ethylene (c2h4) gas is produced throughout the life cycle of plants and can accumulate in closed growth chambers to levels 100 times higher than in outside environments. elevated atmospheric c2h4 can cause a variety of abnormal responses, but the sensitivity to elevated c2h4 is not well characterized. we evaluated the c2h4 sensitivity of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.) in five studies. the first three studies compared the effects of continuous c2h4 levels ranging from 0 t ... | 2016 | 14552359 |
| soil ecotoxicity assessment using cadmium sensitive plants. | four crop plant species (sweet corn, zea may; wheat, triticum aestivum; cucumber, cucumis sativus; and sorghum, sorghum bicolor) were tested to assess an ecotoxicity in cadmium-amended soils. the measurement endpoints used were seed germination and seedling growth (shoot and root). the presence of cadmium decreased the seedling growth. the medium effective concentration values (ec50) for shoot or root growth were calculated by the trimmed spearman-karber method. due to the greater accumulation o ... | 2004 | 14553991 |
| mads box genes control vernalization-induced flowering in cereals. | by comparing expression levels of mads box transcription factor genes between near-isogenic winter and spring lines of bread wheat, triticum aestivum, we have identified wap1 as the probable candidate for the vrn-1 gene, the major locus controlling the vernalization flowering response in wheat. wap1 is strongly expressed in spring wheats and moderately expressed in semispring wheats, but is not expressed in winter wheat plants that have not been exposed to vernalization treatment. vernalization ... | 0 | 14557548 |
| identification of plant sterols in hexaploid and tetraploid wheats using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. | free sterols from hexaploid and tetraploid free-threshing wheats (triticum aestivum l. and t. durum desf.) and from their respective hulled wheats (t. spelta l. and t. dicoccon schrank) were analysed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. the qualitative analysis of sterols showed a similar pattern either between hexaploid (t. aestivum, t. spelta) and tetraploid (t. durum, t. dicoccon) wheats or between free-threshing (t. aestivum, t. durum) and hulled (t. spelta, t. dicoccon) wheats. how ... | 2003 | 14558121 |
| molecular markers for leaf rust resistance genes in wheat. | over 100 genes of resistance to rust fungi: puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici, (47 lr - leaf rust genes), p. striiformis (18 yr - yellow rust genes) and p. graminis f. sp. tritici (41 sr - stripe rust genes) have been identified in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and its wild relatives according to recent papers. sixteen lr resistance genes have been mapped using restriction fragments length polymorphism (rflp) markers on wheat chromosomes. more than ten lr genes can be identified in breeding mater ... | 2001 | 14564046 |
| about the origin of european spelt ( triticum spelta l.): allelic differentiation of the hmw glutenin b1-1 and a1-2 subunit genes. | to investigate the origin of european spelt ( triticum spelta l., genome aabbdd) and its relation to bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l., aabbdd), we analysed an approximately 1-kb sequence, including a part of the promoter and the coding region, of the high-molecular-weight (hmw) glutenin b1-1 and a1-2 subunit genes in 58 accessions of hexa- and tetraploid wheat from different geographical regions. six glu-b1-1 and five glu-a1-2 alleles were identified based on 21 and 19 informative sites, respe ... | 2004 | 14564390 |
| factors affecting polymorphism at microsatellite loci in bread wheat [ triticum aestivum (l.) thell]: effects of mutation processes and physical distance from the centromere. | the effects of factors known to influence the level of polymorphism at microsatellite loci were studied using 99 markers and seven lines of bread wheat. mutational factors as well as indirect selective events shape diversity at these loci. theory predicts that the selection of favorable alleles should reduce polymorphism at neutral neighboring loci in genomic areas with low recombination rates. in wheat, local recombination rate is positively correlated with physical distance from the centromere ... | 2004 | 14564392 |
| chemically-enhanced phytoextraction of cadmium-contaminated soils using wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | 2003 | 14567594 | |
| [efficient production of wheat alien translocation lines and characterization by molecular cytogenetics]. | the triticum aestivum-leymus mollis and t. aestivum-thinopyrum intermedium translocation lines were induced by gametocidal chromosome 3c derived from aegilops triuncialis and gamma-ray irradiated pollens of a t. aestivum-th. intermedium addition line tai-14 with a lower dosage (10gy), respectively. by genomic in situ hybridization (gish) analysis, three t. aestivum-l. mollis translocation lines (wm-10, wm-43 and wm-47) and three deletion lines (wm-18, wm-43 and wm-44) were selected from 59 f2 pl ... | 2003 | 14579529 |
| [epigenetic variability induced by nicotinic acid in triticum aestivum l]. | the effect of nicotinic acid (na) on hereditary traits of spring common wheat cultivar kazakhstanskaya 126 (k.126) were studied under the laboratory and field conditions. treatment of seeds and vegetating plants with 0.01-0.1% na (aqueous solution) induced heritable epigenetic changes in wheat. as a result, strong tall plants with the long productive spike, large seeds, and several quantitative and qualitative characters other than in the original cultivar were obtained in the second and further ... | 2003 | 14582391 |
| effects of forms and rates of potassium fertilizers on cadmium uptake by two cultivars of spring wheat (triticum aestivum, l.). | a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to study the influence of potassium fertilizers in different forms and rates on cadmium (cd) uptake by two cultivars of spring wheat (triticum aestivum, l.): brookton and krichauff. potassium fertilizers were added to soil at four levels: 0, 55, 110 and 166 mg k kg(-1) soil as kno(3) (n), kcl (c) or k(2)so(4) (s). cdcl(2) was added to all the treatments at a uniform rate equivalent to 15 mg cd kg(-1) soil. plant shoot and root dry weights (dw) of both cu ... | 2004 | 14592574 |
| [effect of cytokinin preparations on the pools of pigments and proteins of wheat cultivars differing in their tolerance to water stress]. | contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, soluble leaf proteins, and the key enzyme of carbon metabolism--ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco; ec 4.1.1.39)--in young seedlings and adult leaves of the wheat triticum aestivum l. cultivars mironovskaya 808 and lyutestsens 758, contrasting in their water stress tolerances, were compared under conditions of normal available water supply, water deficiency, and subsequent rehydration. it was discovered that compounds displaying a cytokini ... | 2016 | 14593876 |
| a new approach to extending the wheat marker pool by anchored pcr amplification of compound ssrs. | a study was undertaken to determine the utility in bread wheat of anchored pcr for the development of single locus ssr markers targeted at compound repeat motifs. in anchored pcr, microsatellite amplification is achieved using a single primer complementary to the flanking sequence, and one which anchors to the repeat junction of the compound ssr. the recovery rate of useable markers was found to be similar (43%) to that reported for conventionally generated ssrs. thus, anchored pcr can be used t ... | 2004 | 14598031 |
| isolation of a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip) from wheat. | evidence for the presence of a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip) from a monocotyledonous cereal is presented. a 40.3-kda pgip that was closely associated with the cell wall was acetone-extracted and purified from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves and stems. wheat pgip exhibited a highly selective inhibitory activity against endopolygalacturonase (epg) from various fungi. of nine epg tested, wheat pgip only inhibited epg from cochliobolus sativus, a pathogen of the tribe poaceae. a sh ... | 2003 | 14601663 |
| characterization of a cysteine protease from wheat triticum aestivum (cv. giza 164). | enzymes, especially proteases, have become an important and indispensable part of the processes used by the modern food and feed industry to produce a large and diversified range of products for human and animal consumption. a cysteine protease, used extensively in the food industry, was purified from germinated wheat triticum aestivum (cv. giza 164) grains through a simple reproducible method consisting of extraction, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. the molecular weight of the e ... | 2004 | 14607490 |
| targeted molecular mapping of a major wheat qtl for fusarium head blight resistance using wheat ests and synteny with rice. | a major qtl for resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb) in wheat, qfhs.ndsu-3bs, has been identified and verified by several research groups. the objective of this study was to increase the marker density in this qtl region using sts (sequence-tagged site) markers developed from wheat expressed sequence tags (ests) near qfhs.ndsu-3bs. because wheat chromosome 3bs and rice chromosome 1s are syntenous, the sequences of p1-derived artificial chromosome (pac) and (or) bacterial artificial chromosom ... | 2003 | 14608398 |
| construction and characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and validation of genome coverage using locus-specific primers. | a bac library of hexaploid wheat was constructed using the spring wheat cultivar triticum aestivum l. 'glenlea'. fresh shoot tissue from 7- to 10-day-old seedlings was used to obtain hmw dna. the library was constructed using the hindiii site of pindigobac-5 and the bamhi site of pindigobac-5 and pecbac1. a total of 12 ligations were used to construct the entire library, which contains over 650 000 clones. ninety-six percent of the clones had inserts. the insert size ranged from 5 to 189 kb with ... | 2003 | 14608404 |
| molecular characterization of a wheat--thinopyrum ponticum partial amphiploid and its derivatives for resistance to leaf rust. | leaf rust (caused by puccinia triticina eriks.) occurs annually in most wheat-growing areas of the world. thinopyrum ponticum (podp.) z.-w. liu & r.-c. wang has provided several leaf rust resistance genes to protect wheat from this fungal disease. three chromosome substitution lines, ji806, ji807, and ji859, and two chromosome addition lines, ji791 and ji924, with a winter growing habit were developed from crosses between wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell.) and the wheat - th. ponticum partia ... | 2003 | 14608407 |
| genetic variability of the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in spelt wheat (triticum aestivum ssp. spelta l. em thell.). | the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit composition of a collection of 403 accessions of spelt wheat ( triticum aestivum ssp. spelta l. em. thell) was analyzed by sds-page. extensive variation was found, including 46 different patterns for zone b and 16 for zone c. patterns within zone b exhibited from two to six bands and patterns in zone c had between four and six bands in sds-page gels. a higher number of bands was observed when urea was added to the gels. zone b exhibited between six and 1 ... | 2004 | 14614566 |
| molecular diversity in french bread wheat accessions related to temporal trends and breeding programmes. | a set of 41 wheat microsatellite markers (wms), giving 42 polymorphic loci (two loci on each chromosome), was used to describe genetic diversity in a sample of 559 french bread wheat accessions (landraces and registered varieties) cultivated between 1800 and 2000. a total of 609 alleles were detected. allele number per locus ranged from 3 to 28, with a mean allele number of 14.5. on the average, about 72% of the total number of alleles were observed with a frequency of less than 5% and were cons ... | 2004 | 14614567 |
| the ph2 pairing homoeologous locus of wheat (triticum aestivum): identification of candidate meiotic genes using a comparative genetics approach. | colinearity in gene content and order between rice and closely related grass species has emerged as a powerful tool for gene identification. using a comparative genetics approach, we have identified the rice genomic region syntenous to the region deleted in the wheat chromosome pairing mutant ph2a, with a view to identifying genes at the ph2 locus that control meiotic processes. utilising markers known to reside within the region deleted in ph2a, and data from wheat, barley and rice genetic maps ... | 2003 | 14617076 |
| multiplex pcr identification of wheat hmw glutenin subunit genes by allele-specific markers. | wheat bread-making quality is closely correlated with composition and quantity of gluten proteins, in particular with high-molecular weight (hmw) glutenin subunits encoded by the glu-1 genes. a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was developed to identify the allele composition of hmw glutenin complex glu-1 loci (glu-a1, glu-b1 and glu-d1) in common wheat genotypes. the study of multiplex pcr to obtain a well-balanced set of amplicons involved examination of various combinations of ... | 2003 | 14617825 |
| fusarium head blight resistance in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum)-lophopyrum genetic lines and tagging of the alien chromatin by pcr markers. | the objective of this research was to identify fusarium head blight (fhb) resistance in wheat ( triticum aestivum)- lophopyrum genetic lines that might complement fhb resistance in common wheat; and to identify dna markers that can be used to tag the resistance gene in the alien chromatin (e or el(2) genome) for the development of improved wheat cultivars. fhb resistance was evaluated in 19 chinese spring- lophopyrum elongatum (ee) substitution lines, two thatcher -l. ponticum (el(1) and el(2)) ... | 2004 | 14628111 |
| modeling grain nitrogen accumulation and protein composition to understand the sink/source regulations of nitrogen remobilization for wheat. | a functional explanation for the regulation of grain nitrogen (n) accumulation in cereal by environmental and genetic factors remains elusive. here, new mechanistic hypotheses of grain n accumulation are proposed and tested for wheat (triticum aestivum). first, we tested experimentally the hypothesis that grain n accumulation is mostly source regulated. four contrasting cultivars, in terms of their grain n concentrations and yield potentials, were grown with non-limiting n supply. grain number p ... | 2003 | 14630962 |
| inheritance and expression of stripe rust resistance in common wheat (triticum aestivum) transferred from aegilops tauschii and its utilization. | stripe rust is one of the most destructive diseases for wheat crops in china. two stripe rust physiological strains, i.e. cyr30 (intern. name: 175e191) and cyr31 (intern. name: 293e175) have been the dominant and epidemic physiological strains since 1994. one aegilops tauschii accession (sq-214) from cimmyt was found immune from or highly resistant to chinese new stripe rust races cyr30 and cyr31 at adult stage. sq-214 was crossed with a highly susceptible ae. tauschii accession as-80. analysis ... | 2003 | 14641473 |
| qualitative inheritance of water-stress induced apical sterility in wheat (triticum aestivum). | grain number per unit area is an effective component of grain yield in bread wheat. water-stress induced apical sterility (tip sterility) reduces the number of grains and, consequently, the grain yield in semi-arid regions with a shortage of available water during the pre-anthesis period. crosses between apical sterile and apical fertile varieties and selection lines were made and f1, bc1, and f2 populations were subjected to moderate water-stress to study the inheritance of this character. the ... | 2003 | 14641489 |
| map-based isolation of the leaf rust disease resistance gene lr10 from the hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genome. | more than 50 leaf rust resistance (lr) genes against the fungal pathogen puccinia triticina have been identified in the wheat gene pool, and a large number of them have been extensively used in breeding. of the 50 lr genes, all are known only from their phenotype and/or map position except for lr21, which was cloned recently. for many years, the problems of molecular work in the large (1.6 x 10(10) bp), highly repetitive (80%), and hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genome have hampere ... | 2003 | 14645721 |