Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| sex steroid communication in the ring dove brain during courtship. | this review examines possible role of progesterone receptor (pr) and androgen receptor (ar) "cross-talk" in the expression of courtship behaviour in the ring dove (streptopelia risoria). in doves, although androgen has been mostly associated with aggressive courtship behaviour and progesterone with the initiation of incubation, progesterone administration to courting birds terminates the aggressive component of courtship whilst having no effect on nesting behaviour. recent results in doves have ... | 2003 | 12769228 |
| [effects of land utilization of sewage sludge on grass and soils]. | effects of land disposal of sewage sludge on grass and soil environment were studied. the sewage sludge used was from northern shenyang wastewater treatment plant. the results showed that contents of nutrient in the soil were increased after sewage sludge application, especially for organic matter. grass biomass were increased and the green period were extended with a better growth of the lawn. the heavy metal contents in the soil were increased with cd contents beyond 2nd grade national environ ... | 2003 | 12800658 |
| role of na+ and ca2+ channels in the preoptic lh surge generating mechanism in proestrous rats. | we studied whether na+ and ca2+ channels are involved in the neural mechanism responsible for the surge of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) in proestrous rats. in experiment 1, female rats in proestrus were i.p. injected at 1345 h with pentobarbital sodium (35 mg/kg) to block spontaneous surge of lh and electrical stimulation was applied between 1400 and 1600 h to the preoptic area (poa) together with poa injection of 0.5 microl saline containing the na+ channel blocker tetrodotoxin (ttx) a ... | 2003 | 12803234 |
| root growth and metal uptake in four grasses grown on zinc-contaminated soils. | depth and area of rooting are important to long-term survival of plants on metal-contaminated, steep-slope soils. we evaluated shoot and root growth and metal uptake of four cool-season grasses grown on a high-zn soil in a greenhouse. a mixture of biosolids, fly ash, and burnt lime was placed either directly over a zn-contaminated soil or over a clean, fine-grained topsoil and then the zn-contaminated soil; the control was the clean topsoil. the grasses were 'reliant' hard fescue (festuca brevip ... | 2003 | 12809284 |
| use of plant cell cultures to study graminicide effects on lipid metabolism. | graminicides belonging to the cyclohexanedione and aryloxyphenoxypropionate classes are well established to act by disrupting acyl lipid biosynthesis via specific inhibition of acetyl-coa carboxylase. species of grass inherently resistant to such herbicides, or biotypes of grassy weed species which display acquired resistance to recommended rates of graminicide application, are known to possess an altered plastidic multifunctional acetyl-coa carboxylase showing reduced sensitivity to these herbi ... | 2003 | 12809713 |
| bisphenol a induces both transient and permanent histofunctional alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in prenatally exposed male rats. | exposure to bisphenol a (bpa) in utero has been shown to induce alterations in the prostate of 30-d-old wistar rats. herein, we examine both the time course of bpa action on the rat prostate and the effects of bpa on the male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. this was achieved by exposing rats to bpa in utero, followed by immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis of prostatic tissue, evaluation of estrogen receptor-alpha (eralpha) and erbeta mrna expression in both the preoptic area (poa ... | 2003 | 12810577 |
| central orexin a has site-specific effects on luteinizing hormone release in female rats. | orexin a stimulates gnrh release from hypothalamic explants in vitro. the sites of action of orexin a in the regulation of lh release have been investigated in vivo in ovariectomized rats that were given vehicle or estradiol benzoate (eb), with or without an injection of progesterone 48 h later. orexin a was administered intrahypothalamically under saffan anesthesia, 50 h after the eb or vehicle; its effects on plasma lh levels were monitored in sequential blood samples. orexin a (1.0 microg/sid ... | 2003 | 12810579 |
| short-term exposure to elevated atmospheric co2 benefits the growth of a facultative annual root hemiparasite, rhinanthus minor (l.), more than that of its host, poa pratensis (l.). | the effects of elevated co2 (650 ppm) on interactions between a chlorophyllous parasitic angiosperm, rhinanthus minor (l.) and a host, poa pratensis (l.) were investigated. r. minor benefited from elevated co2, with both photosynthesis and biomass increasing, and transpiration and tissue n concentration remaining unaffected. however, this did not alleviate the negative effect of the parasite on the host; r. minor reduced host photosynthesis, transpiration, leaf area and biomass, irrespective of ... | 2003 | 12837814 |
| gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal development during the sensitive period of temperature sex determination in the pejerrey fish, odontesthes bonariensis. | the development of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) neurons was studied in relation to the sensitive period of thermolabile sex determination in the pejerrey odontesthes bonariensis, an atherinid fish from south america. fish were raised from hatching at three different temperatures: 17 degrees c (100% females), 24 degrees c (70% females), and 29 degrees c (100% males). three groups of immunoreactive gnrh (ir-gnrh) neurons were identified at the terminal nerve ganglion (tng), the midbrain t ... | 2003 | 12849968 |
| the influence of diet on faecal dna amplification and sex identification in brown bears (ursus arctos). | to evaluate the influence of diet on faecal dna amplification, 11 captive brown bears (ursus arctos) were placed on six restricted diets: grass (trifolium spp., haplopappus hirtus and poa pratensis), alfalfa (lupinus spp.), carrots (daucus spp.), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), blueberries (vaccinium spp.) and salmon (salmo spp.). dna was extracted from 50 faecal samples of each restricted diet, and amplification of brown bear dna was attempted for a mitochondrial dna (mtdna) locus a ... | 2003 | 12859644 |
| alleviation of the cytotoxic activity induced by trans10, cis12-conjugated linoleic acid in rat hepatoma drlh-84 cells by oleic or palmitoleic acid. | we showed the inhibitory effect of oleic and palmitoleic acids (oa and poa) on this trans10, cis12 (10t, 12c)-cla induced cytotoxic activity. when cells were cultured in the presence of 10t, 12c-cla, this potent cytotoxic effect on drlh-84 cells was clearly obvious when compared to the control vehicle group. it was revealed that the levels of cellular oa and poa levels decreased upon cis9, trans11 (9c,11t) or 10t, 12c-cla treatment in a time course dependent manner. oa or poa demonstrates a dose ... | 2003 | 12860277 |
| does the detoxification of penicillin side-chain precursors depend on microsomal monooxygenase and glutathione s-transferase in penicillium chrysogenum? | the glutathione (gsh) s-conjugation of 1,2-epoxy-3-(4'-nitrophenoxy)propane was catalysed predominantly by microsomal glutathione s-transferase (mgst) in penicillium chrysogenum. the specific mgst activity unlike the cytosolic gst (cgst) activity increased substantially when the penicillin side-chain precursor phenoxyacetic acid (poa) was included in the culture medium. therefore, a microsomal monooxygenase (causing possible release of epoxide intermediates) and mgst-dependent detoxification pat ... | 2003 | 12872310 |
| poaviz: a partial order multiple sequence alignment visualizer. | summary: poaviz creates a visualization of a multiple sequence alignment that makes clear the overall structure of how sequences match and diverge in the alignment. poaviz can construct visualizations from any multiple sequence alignment source (e.g. pir and clustal formats), and is valuable for revealing complex branching structure (such as domains, large-scale insertions / deletions or recombinations), especially in partnership with the partial order alignment (poa) multiple sequence alignment ... | 2003 | 12874062 |
| effect of nitroglycerine in popliteal preparations from patients with peripheral occlusive arteriopathy precontracted with kcl or 5-hydroxytryptamine. | 1. at the present time, there are no studies in isolated arteries from patients suffering from peripheral occlusive arteriopathy (poa). in the present study, we attempt to characterize the effect of nitroglycerine (gtn) in isolated popliteal preparations obtained after leg amputation in 60-90-year-old men and women suffering from poa. 2. after surgical operation, arterial samples were stored in a refrigerator at 4 degrees c and, after 12-36 h, they were cut into rings and mounted in organ baths ... | 2003 | 12890172 |
| molecular characterization of the gnrh system in zebrafish (danio rerio): cloning of chicken gnrh-ii, adult brain expression patterns and pituitary content of salmon gnrh and chicken gnrh-ii. | the zebrafish has proven to be a model system with unparalleled utility in vertebrate genetic and developmental studies. substantially less attention has been paid to the potential role that zebrafish can play in answering important questions of vertebrate reproductive endocrinology. as an initial step towards exploiting the advantages that the zebrafish model offers, we have characterized their gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) system at the molecular level. gnrhs comprise a family of highl ... | 2003 | 12899844 |
| progesterone receptor gene and protein expression in the anterior preoptic area and hypothalamus of defeminized rats. | progesterone receptor (pr) plays an important role during sexual differentiation of the rat brain. the objective of the present study was to determine pr protein and gene expression pattern in preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area (poa-aha) and hypothalamus (hyp), after estradiol or testosterone treatment during the postnatal critical period of sexual differentiation of the rat brain (defeminized animals). three-day-old female rats were subcutaneously (s.c.) injected with a single dose of 17beta-e ... | 2003 | 12918018 |
| passage of progesterone into the brain changes with photoperiod in the ewe. | in this study we tested the hypothesis that photoperiod can modulate steroid access to the brain in a seasonal breeder. to this goal, we compared the passage of exogenous progesterone to the brain of female sheep maintained under short (sd) or long (ld) daylengths. in the first experiment, we studied two groups of ovariectomized females maintained under sd or ld, for three artificial cycles, consisting of bearing a subcutaneous oestradiol implant (e2-treated) and an intravaginal device releasing ... | 2003 | 12925015 |
| evidence for estrogenic regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons by glutamatergic neurons in the ewe brain: an immunohistochemical study using an antibody against vesicular glutamate transporter-2. | gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) secretion is controlled by various factors, including the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. estrogen (e) regulates gnrh secretion by means of e-responsive cells in the brain that relay the feedback effects to the preoptic area (poa). we used an antibody to vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vglut2) to label glutamatergic neurons in the areas of the ewe brain that control gnrh secretion. vglut2-immunoreactive cells were observed in the arcuate nucleus (a ... | 2003 | 12926021 |
| ability of cold-tolerant plants to grow in hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. | phytoremediation of hydrocarbons in soil involves plants and their associated microorganisms. differences in environmental conditions and restrictions on species importation mean that each country may need to identify indigenous plants to use for phytoremedation. screening plants for hydrocarbon tolerance before screening for degradation ability may prove more economical than screening directly for degradation. thirty-nine cold-tolerant plants native, or exotic and naturalized, in western canada ... | 2003 | 12929494 |
| estrogens and phytoestrogens: brain plasticity of sexually dimorphic brain volumes. | sexually dimorphic brain volumes (sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) and anteroventral periventricular (avpv) nucleus) are influenced by estrogens. phytoestrogens, derived from plants (especially soy products), are molecules structurally and functionally similar to estradiol. the purpose of this study was to examine: the consumption of phytoestrogen (using a phytoestrogen-rich (phyto-600) versus a phytoestrogen-free (phyto-free)) diets from conception to adulthood (or chan ... | 2003 | 12943716 |
| stimulation of soil nitrification and denitrification by grazing in grasslands: do changes in plant species composition matter? | stimulation of nitrification and denitrification by long term (from years to decades) grazing has commonly been reported in different grassland ecosystems. however, grazing generally induces important changes in plant species composition, and whether changes in nitrification and denitrification are primarily due to changes in vegetation composition has never been tested. we compared soil nitrification- and denitrification-enzyme activities (nea and dea, respectively) between semi-natural grassla ... | 2003 | 12955489 |
| hypothalamic regulation of sleep and arousal. | the hypnogenic function of the rostral hypothalamic region, particularly the preoptic area (poa) was established previously on the basis of lesion, neuronal unit recording, and neurochemical and thermal stimulation studies. recent studies have mapped the locations of putative sleep-promoting neurons in the poa using c-fos immunostaining techniques and confirmed these findings with electrophysiological methods. segregated groups of sleep-active neurons have been localized in the ventrolateral poa ... | 2003 | 12957869 |
| [the relation of bulbil formation in poa alpina vivipara to photoperiodicity and frost]. | 1953 | 13068387 | |
| comparative effect of ladino clover and bluegrass pasture on fertilization of ova in sheep. | 1961 | 13746245 | |
| soil community composition and the regulation of grazed temperate grassland. | the effect of the community composition of soil microbes on ecosystem processes has received relatively little attention. here we examined the variation in soil microbial composition in a yellowstone national park grassland and the effect of that variation on the growth, in a greenhouse, of the dominant grass in the community. plants and their rhizospheric soil were collected from paired, poa pratensis-dominated grassland plots located inside and outside a 40-year-old exclosure. p. pratensis abo ... | 2003 | 14513350 |
| a pilot study of the elder abuse questionnaire. | this descriptive study's purpose was to pilot a questionnaire with sub-scales in a population of 40 family members listed as power of attorney (poa) for residents and 40 employees of a long term care facility in rural southeastern kansas. the non-random convenience sample was 49 participants resulting in a 61.25% participation rate. the framework for the study was betty neuman systems model. neuman's variables are related to the physiological, psychological, socio-cultural, developmental, and sp ... | 2003 | 14528596 |
| long-term effects of clipping and nitrogen management in turfgrass on soil organic carbon and nitrogen dynamics: the century model simulation. | experiments to document the long-term effects of clipping management on n requirements, soil organic carbon (soc), and soil organic nitrogen (son) are difficult and costly and therefore few. the century ecosystem model offers an opportunity to study long-term effects of turfgrass clipping management on biomass production, n requirements, soc and son, and n leaching through computer simulation. in this study, the model was verified by comparing century-predicted kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis ... | 2003 | 14535310 |
| small hydroxyethylene-based peptidomimetics inhibiting both hiv-1 and c. albicans aspartic proteases. | we have extended a highly flexible method for rapidly assembling aspartic protease inhibitors to produce symmetric and asymmetric monohydroxyethylene peptidomimetics. this method is based on the prior synthesis of the central non-cleavable peptide-bond isostere [nh(2)-p(1)psip1'-nh(2); psi=hydroxyethylene isostere, hnch(bz)chohch(2)ch(bz)nh], with the possibility of accurately controlling its stereochemistry (s,s,s or s,r,s), and subsequently adding appropriate flanking units, chosen from commer ... | 2003 | 14556787 |
| the infection process of colletotrichum graminicola and relative aggressiveness on four turfgrass species. | detached 3-week-old leaves of agrostis palustris, lolium perenne, poa annua, and poa pratensis were inoculated with conidial suspensions of two isolates of colletotrichum graminicola obtained from a. palustris. inoculated leaves were incubated at 23 degrees c under high relative humidity (>95%). the infection process was investigated by light microscopy from 2 to 168 h after inoculation (ai). spore germination was observed within 2 h ai, appressoria within 6 h ai, and penetration pores within 8 ... | 2003 | 14569284 |
| mass spectrometric analysis of electrophoretically separated allergens and proteases in grass pollen diffusates. | pollens are important triggers for allergic asthma and seasonal rhinitis, and proteases released by major allergenic pollens can injure airway epithelial cells in vitro. disruption of mucosal epithelial integrity by proteases released by inhaled pollens could promote allergic sensitisation. | 2003 | 14577842 |
| impact of dietary exposure to methoxychlor, genistein, or diisononyl phthalate during the perinatal period on the development of the rat endocrine/reproductive systems in later life. | to evaluate the impact of dietary exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) during the sensitive period of brain sexual differentiation, maternal sprague-dawley rats were fed three representative chemicals, methoxychlor (mxc; 24, 240, and 1200 ppm), genistein (gen; 20, 200, and 1000 ppm), or diisononyl phthalate (dinp; 400, 4000, and 20,000 ppm), from gestational day 15 to postnatal day 10. soy-free diet was used as a basal diet to eliminate possible estrogenic effects from the standard ... | 2003 | 14580783 |
| role of noradrenergic fibers of the preoptic area in regulating sleep. | the preoptic area (poa) has noradrenergic (ne) terminals, and this area controls sleep apart from body temperature and reproduction. the destruction of catecholaminergic (ca) terminals in the poa produced a decrease in sleep in rats. this effect was shown to be due to the destruction of ne and not dopaminergic terminals. the rats, which were hyperthermic after the destruction of ca fibers in the poa, preferred a lower ambient temperature. though they were unable to have normal amount of sleep af ... | 2003 | 14599657 |
| -to: poa nr, cooper gjs, edgar pf: amylin gene promoter mutations predispose to type 2 diabetes in new zealand maori. diabetologia 46: 574-578. | 2003 | 14600815 | |
| the release of crosslinked peptides from type ii collagen into human synovial fluid is increased soon after joint injury and in osteoarthritis. | to determine concentrations of crosslinked c-telopeptide fragments of type ii collagen (ctx-ii) in synovial fluid (sf) from patients with joint injury, osteoarthritis (oa), or other knee arthritides. | 2003 | 14613275 |
| neurons of the rat preoptic area and the raphe pallidus nucleus innervating the brown adipose tissue express the prostaglandin e receptor subtype ep3. | the major effector organ for thermogenesis during inflammation or experimental pyrogen-induced fever in rodents is the brown adipose tissue (bat). prostaglandin e2 (pge2) microinjection into the medial preoptic area (poa) of rats leads to hyperthermia through an increase in bat thermogenesis and induces pyrogenic signal transmission towards the raphe pallidus nucleus (rpa), a brainstem nucleus known to contain sympathetic premotor neurons for bat control. the medial poa has a high expression of ... | 2003 | 14622218 |
| six-hour selective rem sleep deprivation increases the expression of the galanin gene in the hypothalamus of rats. | the effect of short-term selective rem sleep deprivation (rsd) on the gene expression of galanin in the rat hypothalamus was examined using in situ hybridization histochemistry. monitoring an electroencephalogram (eeg) and electromyogram (emg) on an on-line computer screen, as the rsd rats entered rem sleep, they were gently stroked on their backs using a brush to wake them during the rsd period. galanin mrna levels in the preoptic area (poa) were significantly increased by rsd for a period of 6 ... | 2003 | 14625082 |
| co-existing grass species have distinctive arbuscular mycorrhizal communities. | arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi are biotrophic symbionts colonizing the majority of land plants, and are of major importance in plant nutrient supply. their diversity is suggested to be an important determinant of plant community structure, but the influence of host-plant and environmental factors on am fungal community in plant roots is poorly documented. using the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) strategy, the diversity of am fungi was assessed in 89 roots of three ... | 2003 | 14629388 |
| reduction of lipocalin-type prostaglandin d synthase in the preoptic area of female mice mimics estradiol effects on arousal and sex behavior. | in female rodents, sleep and activity levels fluctuate over the estrous cycle. when estradiol (e2) levels are highest, sleep is reduced whereas locomotion is increased. the preoptic area (poa) is a key site for estrogenic regulation of these functions. however, molecular mechanisms by which e2 acts to reduce sleep and increase activity are unclear. recently, we demonstrated a twofold reduction in lipocalin-type prostaglandin d synthase (l-pgds) transcript levels, after e2 treatment, in the ventr ... | 2003 | 14638944 |
| transforming growth factor beta1 may directly influence gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in the rat hypothalamus. | in vitro studies using immortalized gt1 cells suggest that hypothalamic astrocytes employ tgfbeta(1) to directly regulate the secretion of gnrh, the neurohormone that controls sexual maturation and adult reproductive function. however, whether such astrocyte-gnrh neuron signaling occurs in vivo is not clear. in the present study, we used in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to determine whether astrocytes and gnrh neurons express the molecular components necessary to set in motion comm ... | 2004 | 14670985 |
| patterns of pain in paget's disease of bone and their outcomes on treatment with pamidronate. | two-thirds of patients with paget's disease seeking medical attention present with pain. we studied patterns of pagetic pain in relation to physical activity, and the effect of coexistent osteoarthritis (oa)/pagetic arthropathy on pain and physical activity before and after treatment with pamidronate. patients with lower-segment paget's disease (lumbar spine, pelvis or lower limbs), raised alkaline phosphatase (alp), and pain as a symptom were included. two subgroups were identified based on the ... | 2003 | 14677009 |
| agricultural effects on yield and nutritive value of grassland under a limited fertilisation rate on sandy soils in flanders. | from 1999 to 2002, we studied the yield production and quality parameters of grassland installed on sandy soils (1) under normal management (nm), (2) under management with respect to meadow birds (mbm) -first mowing date 15 june or later- and (3) under botanical management (bm) -first mowing date 1 july or later. the experiments were conducted at two locations, aalter and geel. the biomass production under mbm and bm decreased by resp. 19% and 46% as compared to the nm. the nitrogen content in t ... | 2003 | 14696237 |
| different modes of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) release from multiple gnrh systems as revealed by radioimmunoassay using brain slices of a teleost, the dwarf gourami (colisa lalia). | it has become a general notion that there are multiple gnrh systems in the vertebrate brains. to measure gnrh release activities from different gnrh systems, we conducted a static incubation of brain-pituitary slices under various conditions, and gnrh released into the incubation medium was measured by ria. the slices were divided into two parts, one containing gnrh neurons in the preoptic area and axon terminals in the pituitary (poa-gnrh slices), and the other containing the cell bodies and fi ... | 2004 | 14715708 |
| sulfatide is a negative regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation: development in sulfatide-null mice. | galactosylceramide (galc) and its sulfated analogue, sulfatide, are major galactosphingolipid components of myelin and oligodendrocyte plasma membranes in the nervous system. we previously hypothesized that these galactolipids play functional roles in the regulation of oligodendrocyte terminal differentiation by acting as sensors/transmitters of environmental information. evidence strongly supports this idea. first, these molecules are initially expressed on the cell surface at the interface at ... | 2004 | 14730700 |
| a retrospective study of the use of the bluegrass appliance in the cessation of thumb habits. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of the bluegrass appliance in ceasing the thumb-sucking habit. | 2003 | 14733476 |
| exposure to bisphenol a during gestation and lactation causes loss of sex difference in corticotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of rats. | it has been suspected that endocrine disrupters induce abnormal differentiation and development of reproductive organs. in the present study, we examined whether exposure to bisphenol a (bpa), a known endocrine disrupter, during gestation and lactation affects sex difference in the number of corticotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive neurons (crh neurons) in the preoptic area (poa) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (bst). for that purpose, pregnant female wistar rats (n=8-11 per tr ... | 2004 | 14749093 |
| regulation of galanin receptor galr1 mrna expression by ovarian steroids in oestrogen receptor alpha-immunoreactive neurones: identification of distinct populations of neurones in the preoptic area. | this study examined whether gonadal steroids are involved in regulating galanin receptor 1 (galr1) mrna expression in neurones that contain oestrogen receptor alpha (eralpha), in three regions of the preoptic area (poa) known to be involved in the control of gonadotropin secretion. double-labelling immunohistochemistry using an antibody against the eralpha and in situ hybridization experiments using a 35s-labelled riboprobe specific for galr1 mrnas revealed that eralpha is expressed in a large p ... | 2004 | 14764000 |
| the hypothalamic insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and its relationship to gonadotropin-releasing hormones neurones during postnatal development. | reproduction in vertebrates is controlled by hypophysiotropic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) neurones. pulsatile gnrh release increases during reproductive development, resulting in the onset and progression of puberty and, ultimately, the acquisition and maintenance of adult reproductive function. these changes in gnrh release are largely due to inputs to gnrh cells from other factors, including the neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1). here, molecular studies were u ... | 2004 | 14764003 |
| preoptic alpha 1- and alpha 2-noradrenergic agonists induce, respectively, pge2-independent and pge2-dependent hyperthermic responses in guinea pigs. | we have shown previously that norepinephrine (ne) microdialyzed into the preoptic area (poa) of conscious guinea pigs stimulates local pge(2) release. to identify the cyclooxygenase (cox) isozyme that catalyzes the production of this pge(2) and the adrenoceptor (ar) subtype that mediates this effect, we microdialyzed for 6 h ne, cirazoline (alpha(1)-ar agonist), and clonidine (alpha(2)-ar agonist) into the poa of conscious guinea pigs pretreated intrapreoptically (intra-poa) with sc-560 (cox-1 i ... | 2004 | 14962823 |
| combining partial order alignment and progressive multiple sequence alignment increases alignment speed and scalability to very large alignment problems. | partial order alignment (poa) has been proposed as a new approach to multiple sequence alignment (msa), which can be combined with existing methods such as progressive alignment. this is important for addressing problems both in the original version of poa (such as order sensitivity) and in standard progressive alignment programs (such as information loss in complex alignments, especially surrounding gap regions). | 2004 | 14962922 |
| distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase, neurotensin, enkephalin, neuropeptide y, and cholecystokinin neurons in the septo-preoptic region of male rats. | neurons in the lateral septum (ls) and preoptic area (poa) are known to play an inhibitory role in feminine sexual behavior regulation in male rats. in this study, the distribution of neurons containing glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) and of the peptidergic neurotransmitters neurotensin (nt), enkephalin (enk), neuropeptide y (npy), and cholecystokinin (cck), was examined immunohistochemically in the ls and poa of castrated male rats subcutaneously implanted with estrogen-containing silastic tu ... | 2003 | 14967951 |
| acoustic identification and measurement of activity patterns of white grubs in soil. | activity patterns of phyllophaga crinita (burmeister), phyllophaga congrua (leconte), phyllophaga crassissima (blanchard), and cyclocephala lurida (bland) grubs were monitored with acoustic sensors in small pots of bluegrass, poa arachnifera torr, at varying and constant temperatures over multiple-day periods. experienced listeners readily distinguished three types of sound with distinct differences in frequency and temporal patterns, intensities, and durations. of approximately 3,000 sounds det ... | 2003 | 14977106 |
| comparison of tall fescue (cyperales: gramineae) to other cool-season turfgrasses for tolerance to european chafer (coleoptera: scarabaeidae). | three cultivars of tall fescue, festuca arundinacea schreb., were compared with three cultivars each of fine fescue (festuca spp.), kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.), and perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) to evaluate tolerance to root-feeding by european chafer grubs, rhizotrogus majalis (razoumowsky). potted turfgrasses were infested with initial densities equivalent to 33 or 66 grubs per 0.1 m2 on 19 august 2000. more grubs were added in late september and october, bringing the total ... | 2003 | 14977131 |
| preoptic hypothalamic warming suppresses laryngeal dilator activity during sleep. | upper airway dilator activity during sleep appears to be diminished under conditions of enhanced sleep propensity, such as after sleep deprivation, leading to worsening of obstructive sleep apnea (osa). non-rapid eye movement (nrem) sleep propensity originates in sleep-active neurons of the preoptic area (poa) of the hypothalamus and is facilitated by activation of poa warm-sensitive neurons (wsns). we hypothesized that activation of wsns by local poa warming would inhibit activity of the poster ... | 2004 | 14988083 |
| evidence that dynorphin plays a major role in mediating progesterone negative feedback on gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in sheep. | endogenous opioid peptides (eop) mediate progesterone-negative feedback in many species, but the specific eop systems involved remain unresolved. we first addressed this question in sheep by determining the role of different eop receptor subtypes in the medial basal hypothalamus (mbh) and preoptic area (poa). local administration of eop receptor antagonists to luteal phase ewes indicated that kappa-, but not micro- or delta-, receptors mediate the inhibition of lh secretion in the mbh. in contra ... | 2004 | 14988383 |
| genome-wide detection of alternative splicing in expressed sequences using partial order multiple sequence alignment graphs. | we present a method for high-throughput alternative splicing detection in expressed sequence data. this method effectively copes with many of the problems inherent in making inferences about splicing and alternative splicing on the basis of est sequences, which in addition to being fragmentary and full of sequencing errors, may also be chimeric, misoriented, or contaminated with genomic sequence. our method, which relies both on the partial order alignment (poa) program for constructing multiple ... | 2004 | 14992490 |
| turfgrass, crop, and weed hosts of blissus occiduus (hemiptera: lygaeidae). | blissus occiduus barber is an important pest of buffalograss, buchloë dactyloides (nuttall) engelmann, turf. no-choice studies documented the susceptibility of selected turfgrasses, crops, and weeds to b. occiduus feeding. highly to moderately susceptible grasses included buffalograss; yellow setaria glauca (l.) and green foxtail setaria viridis (l.); kentucky bluegrass, poa pratensis l.; perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne l.; brome, bromus spp. leyss.; zoysiagrass, zoysia japonica steudel; berm ... | 2004 | 14998128 |
| cold-induced thermogenesis mediated by gaba in the preoptic area of anesthetized rats. | bilateral microinjections of gaba (300 mm, 100 nl) or the gaba(a) receptor agonist muscimol (100 microm, 100 nl) into the preoptic area (poa) of the hypothalamus increased the rate of whole body o(2) consumption (vo(2)) and the body core (colonic) temperature of urethane-chloralose-anesthetized, artificially ventilated rats. the most sensitive site was the dorsomedial poa at the level of the anterior commissure. the gaba-induced thermogenesis was accompanied by a tachycardic response and electro ... | 2004 | 15031132 |
| role of leptin in modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and luteinizing hormone secretion in the prepuberal gilt. | three experiments (exp) were conducted to test the hypothesis that leptin modulates lh, gnrh, and neuropeptide y (npy) secretion. in exp i, prepuberal gilts received intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) leptin injections and blood samples were collected. in exp ii, anterior pituitary cells from prepuberal gilts in primary culture were challenged with 10(-14), 10(-13), 10(-12), 10(-11), 10(-10), 10(-9), 10(-8), 10(-7), or 10(-6) m leptin individually or in combinations with 10(-10), 10(-9), and 10(-8 ... | 2004 | 15036375 |
| [identification of the apomixis in poa pratensis l. using sds-electrophoresis of endosperm reserve proteins]. | to determine the characteristics of variability of seed reproduction in the kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis), individual seed variability with respect to the composition of endospermal reserve proteins was studied. comparative analysis of caryopses obtained by self-fertilization and free fertilization of plants i1 (no. 2-4) and i2 (no. 2-4-7) of the wild-type specimen murmanskii-95 was performed using sds-page. using a cytoembryological express method, we demonstrated that facultative stimulat ... | 2004 | 15049068 |
| increased expression of forebrain gnrh mrna and changes in testosterone negative feedback following pubertal maturation. | pubertal development is associated with increased activity of the gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) neuronal system and rising gonadal steroid levels. the purpose of this study was to determine whether different circulating levels of testosterone affect gnrh mrna and luteinizing hormone (lh) to the same degree prior to and following pubertal maturation. pre- and post-pubertal male syrian hamsters were gonadectomized and treated with timed-release testosterone pellets (0, 0.5, 1.5, or 2.5mg) ... | 2004 | 15062545 |
| differential sensitivities of pyrogenic chemokine fevers to cc chemokine receptor 5 antibodies. | macrophage inflammatory protein (mip)-1beta and rantes (regulated on activation, normal t-cells expressed and secreted) are members of the cc-family of chemokines. although these two peptides are structurally and functionally related to one another, each exhibits distinct features, which allows it to independently regulate specific aspects of the host inflammatory response. they evoked intense and functionally different febrile responses when applied directly on pyrogen-sensitive cells located i ... | 2004 | 15066130 |
| fertilizer source effect on ground and surface water quality in drainage from turfgrass. | nutrients in surface and ground water can affect human and aquatic organisms that rely on water for consumption and habitat. a mass-balance field study was conducted over two years (july 2000-may 2001) to determine the effect of nutrient source on turfgrass runoff and leachate. treatments were arranged in an incomplete randomized block design on a slope of 7 to 9% of arkport sandy loam (coarseloamy, mixed, active, mesic lamellic hapludalf) and seeded with kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.) an ... | 2004 | 15074817 |
| hallucinations predict attentional improvements with rivastigmine in dementia with lewy bodies. | the aim of this analysis of the effects of cholinergic therapy in dementia with lewy bodies was to determine whether rivastigmine-induced benefits in attention and memory could be predicted by the presence of visual hallucinations. at study entry, 74% of patients were hallucinators and 26% were non-hallucinators. the population was analyzed for two-factor scores: power of attention (poa) and quality of memory (qom). a significant effect over placebo on poa was observed in hallucinators at weeks ... | 2004 | 15087584 |
| exposure of two upland plant species to acidic fogs. | a system is described for exposing large numbers of plants to acidic fogs. the system allows low volumes of treatment solutions to be provided at particle sizes chiefly in the 5-30 microm range (equivalent to fog/cloud droplets). plants of poa alpina l. and epilobium brunnescens were propagated from material collected in snowdonia, north wales and exposed to fog treatments at ph values of 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.6. there were 3 x 4 h exposures per week which provided a total of 6 mm deposition. supp ... | 1991 | 15092062 |
| vegetation establishment on a deposit of zinc mine wastes. | field trials concerning the establishment of plant cover on a deposit of wastes from the ammeberg zinc mine in central sweden were carried out during 1976-1985. different soil conditioners and manures were applied and plant species cultivars were evaluated with regard to plant biomass, vigour, durability and content of zinc, lead and cadmium. sewage sludge and topsoil led to better establishment of grasses than did municipal waste, straw and hydraulic seeding. after 2 years, festuca rubra and po ... | 1989 | 15092483 |
| transfer of cadmium, lead, and zinc from industrially contaminated soil to crop plants: a field study. | the documeneed adverse health effects of soil cd and pb have led to public concern over soil contamination with metals. a 4-year field experiment was conducted to study the transfer of cd, pb, and zn from soil contaminated by smelter flue-dust to crop plants grown in a rotation. the soil was amended with pb?zn smelter flue-dust (2-66.8 kg per 10 m(2) plot) to simulate the long-term effect that the smelting of non-ferrous metal ore has on arable soils. the treated soil became strongly contaminate ... | 1996 | 15093504 |
| hypothalamic neuronal histamine regulates sympathetic nerve activity and expression of uncoupling protein 1 mrna in brown adipose tissue in rats. | to clarify how hypothalamic neuronal histamine regulates peripheral energy expenditure, we investigated the effect of infusion of histamine into the third cerebral ventricle or discrete hypothalamic regions on sympathetic nerve activity and expression of uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1) mrna in brown adipose tissue (bat). infusion of histamine (200 nmol) into the third cerebral ventricle of anesthetized rats significantly increased the electrophysiological activity of sympathetic nerves (p<0.01) and ... | 2004 | 15099666 |
| cationic oligopeptide-mediated delivery of dsrna for post-transcriptional gene silencing in plant cells. | we have used cationic oligopeptide polyarginine-12mer (poa) to deliver double-stranded rna (dsrna), prepared in vitro, to tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) suspension cells. poa interacts electrostatically with dsrna to form a complex. when dsrna for the gus or nptii gene was delivered into cells carrying the same genes, the corresponding mrna was degraded. using rnase protection assay we were able to detect 21-bp small interfering rna in dsrna/poa-treated cells. these results demonstrate that poa can ... | 2004 | 15147914 |
| induction of pge2 by estradiol mediates developmental masculinization of sex behavior. | adult male sexual behavior in mammals requires the neuronal organizing effects of gonadal steroids during a sensitive perinatal period. during development, estradiol differentiates the rat preoptic area (poa), an essential brain region in the male copulatory circuit. here we report that increases in prostaglandin-e(2) (pge(2)), resulting from changes in cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) regulation induced by perinatal exposure to estradiol, are necessary and sufficient to organize the crucial neural subs ... | 2004 | 15156148 |
| assessing residents' competencies at baseline: identifying the gaps. | entering residents have variable medical school experiences and differing knowledge and skill levels. to structure curricula, enhance patient safety, and begin to meet accreditation requirements, baseline assessment of individual resident's knowledge and skills is needed. to this end, in 2001 the university of michigan health system created the postgraduate orientation assessment (poa), an eight-station, objective structured clinical examination for incoming residents. | 2004 | 15165976 |
| cellular expression of v1a vasopressin receptor mrna in the female rat preoptic area: effects of oestrogen. | the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (lh) surge in female rats is dependent upon signals from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn), the site of a dominant circadian pacemaker. various lines of evidence indicate that arginine-vasopressin (avp)-containing projections from the scn to the preoptic area (poa) contribute to the production of the surge of lh-releasing hormone (lhrh). these actions may be mediated by v(1a) because the transcript for this avp receptor subtype is predominant within the poa o ... | 2004 | 15189327 |
| oribatid mite (acari: oribatida) contribution to decomposition dynamic of leaf litter in primary forest, second growth, and polyculture in the central amazon. | we studied the contribution of oribatid mites in the dynamics of litter decomposition in an experiment using litterbags of three different mesh sizes (20 microns, 250 microns, and 1 cm). the experiment was carried out at a primary forest (flo), a secondary forest (sec), and at two polyculture systems (poa and poc). we compared the weight loss of the leaves of vismia guianensis and the changes of the oribatid mite species community. we processed the samples after 26, 58, 111, 174, 278, and 350 da ... | 2004 | 15195365 |
| expression and hypophysiotropic actions of corticotropin-releasing factor in xenopus laevis. | members of the corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) family of peptides play pivotal roles in the regulation of neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to physical and emotional stress. in amphibian tadpoles, crf-like peptides stimulate both thyroid and interrenal (adrenal) hormone secretion, and can thereby modulate the rate of metamorphosis. to better understand the regulation of expression and actions of crf in amphibians we developed a homologous radioimmunoassay (ria) for xenopus ... | 2004 | 15201065 |
| rms/bluegrass family health plan partnership improves outcomes, costs. | 2004 | 15232995 | |
| interleukin-1beta modulates state-dependent discharge activity of preoptic area and basal forebrain neurons: role in sleep regulation. | interleukin-1beta (il-1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the regulation of nonrapid eye movement (nonrem) sleep. il-1, il-1 receptors and the il-1 receptor antagonist (ra) are present normally in discrete brain regions, including the preoptic area (poa) of the hypothalamus and the adjoining magnocellular basal forebrain (bf). the poa/bf have been implicated in the regulation of sleep-wakefulness. we hypothesized that il-1 promotes nonrem sleep, in part by altering the ... | 2004 | 15245493 |
| evidence that the effect of melanocortins on female sexual behavior in preoptic area is mediated by the mc3 receptor; participation of nitric oxide. | alpha-msh is involved in reproductive processes and can regulate the expression of lordosis, an important component of female reproductive behavior in rats and many other species. in this study, we investigated the effects of msh peptides on lordosis behavior when injected in medial preoptic area (poa) of ovariectomised rats primed with estradiol. the results show an increase in lordotic activity after bilateral administration of alpha-msh and gamma-msh. interestingly, the treatment with the mc4 ... | 2004 | 15265652 |
| [a comparison study of pulsitile ocular blood flow in normal eyes and primary open angle glaucoma]. | to compare pulsatile ocular blood flow (pobf) and intraocular pressure (iop) in primary open angle glaucoma (poag) and normal control group matched for age, sex and refraction error, to investigate the rule of hem-dynamics in poag and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of pobf measurement as a diagnostic test for glaucoma. | 2004 | 15268833 |
| effects of traffic pollution on the genetic structure of poa annua l. populations. | the genetic composition of poa annua l. populations with a series of traffic pollution was studied by starch electrophoresis. five enzyme systems were stained. the results showed that: (1) traffic pollution can dramatically change genotypic frequencies at some loci of p. annua populations. significant deviations from hardy-weinberg equilibrium were observed on loci fe-1 and me due to the excess of heterozygotes in some populations. (2) the effective number of alleles per locus and the observed a ... | 2004 | 15272722 |
| compromised generation of gabaergic interneurons in the brains of vax1-/- mice. | the subcortical telencephalon is the major source of gabaergic interneurons that, during development, tangentially migrate to the cerebral cortex, where they modulate the glutamatergic excitatory action of pyramidal cells. the transcription factor vax1, an intracellular mediator of both shh and fgf signaling, is expressed at high levels in the medial and lateral ganglionic eminences (mge and lge, respectively), in the septal area (sa), in the anterior entopeduncular area (aep) and in the preopti ... | 2004 | 15280216 |
| tyrosine hydroxylase expression is affected by sexual vigor and social environment in male cnemidophorus inornatus. | although the distribution of catecholamine-synthesizing cells has been described for a variety of taxa, less is known about the functional significance of particular populations in nonmammalian species, especially reptiles. to understand the role of these populations in the display of social behaviors in lizards, we studied the interactive effects of sexual vigor (sexually vigorous vs. sluggish) and social condition (housing in isolation vs. with females) on the number and somal areas of cells e ... | 2004 | 15282714 |
| differential role of estrogen receptor isoforms in sex-specific brain organization. | transient activation of estrogen receptors (er) in the developing brain during a limited perinatal "window of time" is recognized as a key mechanism of defeminization of neural control of reproductive function and sexual behavior. two major er isoforms, alpha and beta, are present in neural circuits that govern ovarian cycle and sexual behavior. using highly selective er agonists, this study provides the first evidence for distinct contribution of individual er isoforms to the process of estroge ... | 2004 | 15289439 |
| cytochrome oxidase activity in the preoptic area correlates with differences in sexual behavior of intact and castrated male leopard geckos (eublepharis macularius). | although the utility of analyzing behavioral experience effects on neural cytochrome oxidase (co) activity is well recognized, the behavioral correlates of endogenous differences in co activity have rarely been explored. in male leopard geckos (eublepharis macularius), the incubation temperature experienced during embryogenesis (inct) and age affect co activity in the preoptic area (poa), an area that modulates copulatory behavior. in this study, the authors assessed whether differences in poa c ... | 2004 | 15301612 |
| muscle: a multiple sequence alignment method with reduced time and space complexity. | in a previous paper, we introduced muscle, a new program for creating multiple alignments of protein sequences, giving a brief summary of the algorithm and showing muscle to achieve the highest scores reported to date on four alignment accuracy benchmarks. here we present a more complete discussion of the algorithm, describing several previously unpublished techniques that improve biological accuracy and / or computational complexity. we introduce a new option, muscle-fast, designed for high-thr ... | 2004 | 15318951 |
| [effects of kidney-tonifying chinese herbal medicine on hypothalamic-pituitary gonadotrophic function]. | to observe the effects of kidney-tonifying chinese herbal medicine on the synthesis and secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) and the related neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, and to explore the mechanism of the regulative effect of chinese herbal medicine on the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadotrophic function. | 2004 | 15339508 |
| estradiol and progesterone modulate the nitric oxide/cyclic gmp pathway in the hypothalamus of female rats and in gt1-1 cells. | considerable evidence suggests that the nitric oxide (no)/cgmp signaling pathway plays an important role in the expression of reproductive behavior and in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) release from the hypothalamus the effects of the no/cgmp pathway on gnrh release and gene expression have also been examined in gt1 cells. however, it is still controversial whether no/cgmp signaling facilitates or inhibits gnrh release in these cells. the current study examined the effects of estradiol an ... | 2004 | 15347845 |
| prostaglandin e2 as a mediator of fever: the role of prostaglandin e (ep) receptors. | prostaglandin e2 (pge2) is a principal fever mediator that induces hyperthermia when injected into the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (ovlt) and the adjacent preoptic area of the hypothalamus (poa). pge (ep) receptors have four subtypes, i.e. ep1, ep2, ep3, and ep4. in the rat ovlt/poa region, at least three of these receptors, i.e. ep1, ep3, and ep4 receptors, have distinctively different distribution patterns. in rats, intracerebroventricular injection of ep1 receptor agonists and ep3 re ... | 2004 | 15353336 |
| indel patterns of the plastid dna trnl- trnf region within the genus poa (poaceae). | the use of insertion/deletion (indel) patterns from sequences of the trnl intron and trnl-f intergenic spacer (igs) in finding plastid genome types of the genus poa l. was studied. new sequences for 23 taxa ( p. alpina, p. badensis, p. bulbosa, p. crassipes, p. molinerii, p. annua, p. chaixii, p. granitica, p. pratensis, p. sibirica, p. remota, p. botryoides, p. cenisia, p. compressa, p. laxa, p. margilicola, p. media, p. nemoralis, p. palustris, p. pannonica, p. pirinica, p. riphaea, and p. sej ... | 2004 | 15368095 |
| methylobacillus pratensis sp. nov., a novel non-pigmented, aerobic, obligately methylotrophic bacterium isolated from meadow grass. | strain f31t was isolated from meadow grass (poa trivialis l.) sampled from the city park in helsinki. analysis of phenotypic and genotypic properties showed the strain to be related to the group of obligately methylotrophic non-methane utilizing bacteria (methylobacteria) with the ribulose monophosphate pathway of formaldehyde assimilation. phylogenetic analysis showed the strain to be closely related to the genus methylobacillus, and analysis of fatty acid composition confirmed this association ... | 2004 | 15388694 |
| the relative nutritive value of kentucky bluegrass, timothy, brome grass, orchard grass, and alfalfa. | 1950 | 15436351 | |
| effects of midbrain lesions on lordosis and ultrasound production. | previous studies suggest the control of lordosis by competing neural systems. a lordosis-inhibiting system is thought to originate in the lateral septum (ls) or preoptic area (poa) and project to midbrain sites, including the ventral tegmental area (vta) and ventral half of the periaqueductal gray (vpag). a lordosis-facilitating system is thought to originate in the ventromedial hypothalamus and project to the dorsal half of the pag (dpag). to test the generality of this model, we subjected fema ... | 2004 | 15451643 |
| automatic milking and grazing--effects of distance to pasture and level of supplements on milk yield and cow behavior. | in an automatic milking system, 45 cows were divided into groups that grazed on a mixed grass sward (poa pratensis and festuca pratensis) at different distances from the barn: near pasture (np) at 50 m between the barn and the pasture and distant pasture (dp) at 260 m between the barn and the pasture. for both of these treatments, 3 kg of dry matter (dm) from supplementary grass silage were offered in the barn. the third treatment group grazed together under the dp treatment but was offered an a ... | 2004 | 15453482 |
| localization and expression of aromatase mrna in adult zebrafish. | estradiol plays a key role in the control of many behavioral and physiological aspects of reproduction therefore the expression of cytochrome p450 aromatase (cyp19), the enzyme responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens, is of vital interest. the zebrafish, and many other teleosts, have two aromatase genes (cyp19a1 and cyp19a2) that are expressed predominantly in the ovary and brain, respectively, however, the physiological impact of extra-gonadal aromatase has been poorly describe ... | 2004 | 15474538 |
| in situ characterization of gonadotropin- releasing hormone-i, -iii, and glutamic acid decarboxylase expression in the brain of the sea lamprey, petromyzon marinus. | the distribution of lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh)-i and -iii has been extensively characterized by immunocytochemistry in the forebrain of the sea lamprey, petromyzon marinus. however, the cellular location of lamprey gnrh-iii mrna expression by in situ hybridization in the lamprey brain has not been determined. we show for the first time the location of expression of lamprey gnrh-iii, as well as provide a more comprehensive in situ study of lamprey gnrh-i and glutamic acid decar ... | 2005 | 15475659 |
| hormonal regulation of brain circuits mediating male sexual behavior in birds. | male sexual behavior in both field and laboratory settings has been studied in birds since the 19th century. birds are valuable for the investigation of the neuroendocrine mechanisms of sexual behavior, because their behavior can be studied in the context of a large amount of field data, well-defined neural circuits related to reproductive behavior have been described, and the avian neuroendocrine system exhibits many examples of marked plasticity. as is the case in other taxa, male sexual behav ... | 2004 | 15488549 |
| sleep-promoting functions of the hypothalamic median preoptic nucleus: inhibition of arousal systems. | recent work supports the hypotheses developed by von economo and nauta and elaborated by sallanon et al. that the poa contains a sleep-promoting output that opposes wake-promoting neuronal groups in the ph. the poa gives rise to descending pathways that terminate within wake-promoting populations in plh, ph and midbrain. current evidence suggests that this output originates in poa sleep-active gabaergic neurons. this output also seems to convey the signals of homeostatic drive. disynaptic projec ... | 2004 | 15493551 |
| perinatal androgenization prevents age-related neuron loss in the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in female rats. | to investigate the effect of perinatal testosterone exposure, which simulates the endogenous testosterone peak, on neuron loss during aging, nuclear morphology was evaluated in male and female rats as well as in female rats treated with testosterone perinatally followed by ovariectomy (te/ovx). additionally, neuronal apoptosis, which occurred primarily at postnatal day 8 (pnd8), was identified by in situ tunel staining. neuronal density, nuclear volume, total neuronal number and pyknotic ratio w ... | 2004 | 15509899 |
| phytolith assemblages in grasses native to central argentina. | phytolith reference collections are a prerequisite for accurate interpretation of soil phytolith assemblages aimed at reconstructing past vegetation. in this study a phytolith reference collection has been developed for several grasses native to central argentina: poa ligularis, piptochaetium napostaense, stipa clarazii, stipa tenuis, stipa tenuissima, stipa eriostachya, stipa ambigua, stipa brachychaeta, pappophorum subbulbosum, digitaria californica, bothriochloa edwardsiana and aristida subul ... | 2004 | 15514027 |
| a novel method for multiple alignment of sequences with repeated and shuffled elements. | we describe aba (a-bruijn alignment), a new method for multiple alignment of biological sequences. the major difference between aba and existing multiple alignment methods is that aba represents an alignment as a directed graph, possibly containing cycles. this representation provides more flexibility than does a traditional alignment matrix or the recently introduced partial order alignment (poa) graph by allowing a larger class of evolutionary relationships between the aligned sequences. our g ... | 2004 | 15520295 |
| field evaluation of cdc gravid trap attractants to primary west nile virus vectors, culex mosquitoes in new york state. | a field study was conducted to evaluate two cdc gravid trap attractants available for the west nile virus surveillance program in new york state (nys). according to potential attractiveness, a common lawn sod in nys, kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis) infusion and a rabbit chow infusion were compared for attractiveness to primary west nile virus vectors, culex mosquitoes. attractiveness of each infusion was measured by the number of adult mosquitoes caught in cdc gravid traps and the number of e ... | 2004 | 15532922 |
| gabaergic neurons with alpha2-adrenergic receptors in basal forebrain and preoptic area express c-fos during sleep. | the basal forebrain (bf) contains cholinergic neurons that stimulate cortical activation during waking. in addition, both the bf and adjacent preoptic area (poa) contain neurons that promote sleep. we examined c-fos expression in cholinergic and gabaergic neurons in the bf and poa to determine whether they are differentially active following sleep deprivation versus recovery and whether the gabaergic neurons are active during sleep. whereas the numbers of c-fos+ cells and proportions of c-fos+ c ... | 2004 | 15541901 |