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cotton plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2s (pip2s) selectively interact to regulate their water channel activities and are required for fibre development.aquaporins are thought to be associated with water transport and play important roles in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fibre elongation. among aquaporins, plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (pips) constitute a plasma-membrane-specific subfamily and are further subdivided into pip1 and pip2 groups. in this study, four fibre-preferential ghpip2 genes were functionally characterized. the selective interactions among ghpip2s and their interaction proteins were studied in detail to elucidate the molecu ...201323656428
neonicotinoid insecticides alter induced defenses and increase susceptibility to spider mites in distantly related crop plants.chemical suppression of arthropod herbivores is the most common approach to plant protection. insecticides, however, can cause unintended, adverse consequences for non-target organisms. previous studies focused on the effects of pesticides on target and non-target pests, predatory arthropods, and concomitant ecological disruptions. little research, however, has focused on the direct effects of insecticides on plants. here we demonstrate that applications of neonicotinoid insecticides, one of the ...201323658754
cotton ghcki disrupts normal male reproduction by delaying tapetum programmed cell death via inactivating starch synthase.anther infertility under high temperature (ht) conditions is a critical factor contributing to yield loss in cotton (gossypium hirsutum). using large-scale expression profile sequencing, we studied the effect of ht on cotton anther development. our analysis revealed that altered carbohydrate metabolism or disrupted tapetal programmed cell death (pcd) underlie anther sterility. expression of the gossypium hirsutum casein kinase i (ghcki) gene, which encodes a homolog of casein kinase i (cki), was ...201323662698
effects of rootstocks on cryotolerance and overwintering survivorship of genic male sterile lines in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).grafting desirable scion on stress-tolerant rootstocks provides an opportunity to improve the cryotolerance of scion. genic male sterile (gms) lines of plant could be used as sterile line and maintainer in breeding, and they have the conspicuous characteristics that the fertility of which is easy to regain but hard to maintain by sexual reproduction. in order to maintain the fertility of gms cotton by means of its perennial growth on the basis of frostless winters in nanning, guangxi autonomous ...201323667634
cotton ghbak1 mediates verticillium wilt resistance and cell death.virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) offers a powerful approach for functional analysis of individual genes by knocking down their expression. we have adopted this approach to dissect gene functions in cotton resistant to verticillium wilt, one of the most devastating diseases worldwide. we showed here that highly efficient vigs was obtained in a cotton breeding line (ca4002) with partial resistance to verticillium wilt, and ghmkk2 and ghve1 are required for its resistance to verticillium wilt. a ...201323675706
using genome-referenced expressed sequence tag assembly to analyze the origin and expression patterns of gossypium hirsutum transcripts.we assembled a total of 297,239 gossypium hirsutum (gh, a tetraploid cotton, aadd) expressed sequence tag (est) sequences that were available in the national center for biotechnology information database, with reference to the recently published g. raimondii (gr, a diploid cotton, dd) genome, and obtained 49,125 unigenes. the average lengths of the unigenes were increased from 804 and 791 bp in two previous est assemblies to 1,019 bp in the current analysis. the number of putative cotton unigene ...201323675784
how predictable are the behavioral responses of insects to herbivore induced changes in plants? responses of two congeneric thrips to induced cotton plants.changes in plants following insect attack are referred to as induced responses. these responses are widely viewed as a form of defence against further insect attack. in the current study we explore whether it is possible to make generalizations about induced plant responses given the unpredictability and variability observed in insect-plant interactions. experiments were conducted to test for consistency in the responses of two congeneric thrips, frankliniella schultzei trybom and frankliniella ...201323691075
selection and characterization of a novel photoperiod-sensitive male sterile line in upland cotton.upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) shows strong heterosis. however, heterosis is not widely utilized owing to the high cost of hybrid seed production. creation of a photoperiod-sensitive genetic male sterile line could substantially reduce the cost of hybrid seed production in upland cotton. such a mutant with virescent marker was found by space mutation in near-earth orbit and its traits had been stable after 4 years of selection in anyang and sanya, china. this mutant was fertile with an 11 ...201323691935
resolving multiple host use of an emergent pest of cotton with microsatellite data and chloroplast markers (creontiades dilutus stål; hemiptera, miridae).following the global uptake of transgenic cotton several hemipteran pests have emerged as primary targets for pesticide control. previous research on one such emergent pest: the green mirid, creontiades dilutus, indicated differential use of two crop hosts, cotton (gossypium hirsutum, malvaceae) and lucerne (alfalfa) (medicago sativa, fabaceae). we tested the hypothesis that this apparent demographic independence of lucerne and cotton inhabiting mirids is the result of cryptic species being asso ...201323702301
transcriptome profiling reveals auxin and cytokinin regulating somatic embryogenesis in different sister lines of cotton cultivar ccri24.to get a broader view on the molecular mechanisms underlying somatic embryogenesis (se) in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), global analysis of cotton transcriptome dynamics during se in different sister lines was performed using rna-seq. a total of 204 349 unigenes were detected by de novo assembly of the 214 977 462 illumina reads. the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) measurements were positively correlated with the rna-seq results for almost all the tested ...201323710882
the cotton transcription factor tcp14 functions in auxin-mediated epidermal cell differentiation and elongation.plant-specific teosinte-branched1/cycloidea/pcf (tcp) transcription factors play crucial roles in development, but their functional mechanisms remain largely unknown. here, we characterized the cellular functions of the class i tcp transcription factor ghtcp14 from upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum). ghtcp14 is expressed predominantly in fiber cells, especially at the initiation and elongation stages of development, and its expression increased in response to exogenous auxin. induced heterologou ...201323715527
molecular cloning and function analysis of two squamosa-like mads-box genes from gossypium hirsutum l.the mads-box genes encode a large family of transcription factors having diverse roles in plant development. the squamosa (squa)/apetala1 (ap1)/fruitfull (ful) subfamily genes are essential regulators of floral transition and floral organ identity. here we cloned two mads-box genes, ghmads22 and ghmads23, belonging to the squa/ap1/ful subgroup from gossypium hirsutum l. phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment showed that ghmads22 and ghmads23 belonged to the euful and euap1 subclades, respe ...201323718551
likelihood of stink bugs colonizing crops: a case study in southeastern farmscapes.stink bugs, including nezara viridula (l.), euschistus servus (say), and chinavia hilaris (say), are economic pests across agricultural farmscapes where they can colonize closely associated crops. this 4-yr on-farm study was conducted to examine the likelihood of these three stink bug species colonizing crops in corn-cotton, corn-peanut-cotton, and peanut-cotton farmscapes by using odds ratios. corn (zea mays l.), peanut (arachis hypogaea l.), and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) served as host pl ...201323726052
specific response to herbivore-induced de novo synthesized plant volatiles provides reliable information for host plant selection in a moth.animals depend on reliable sensory information for accurate behavioural decisions. for herbivorous insects it is crucial to find host plants for feeding and reproduction, and these insects must be able to differentiate suitable from unsuitable plants. volatiles are important cues for insect herbivores to assess host plant quality. it has previously been shown that female moths of the egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae), avoid oviposition on damaged cotton gos ...201323737555
impact of mine waste dumps on growth and biomass of economically important crops.the present study aimed to investigate the effect of magnesite and bauxite waste dumps on growth and biochemical parameters of some edible and economically important plants such as vigna radiata, v. mungo, v. unguiculata, eleusine coracana, cajanus cajan, pennisetum glaucum, macrotyloma uniflorum, oryza sativa, sorghum bicolour, sesamum indicum, ricinus communis, brassica juncea, gossypium hirsutum and jatropha curcas. the growth rate of all the crops was observed in the range of 75 to 100% in m ...201223741803
transcript profiling by microarray and marker analysis of the short cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fiber mutant ligon lintless-1 (li1).cotton fiber length is very important to the quality of textiles. understanding the genetics and physiology of cotton fiber elongation can provide valuable tools to the cotton industry by targeting genes or other molecules responsible for fiber elongation. ligon lintless-1 (li1) is a monogenic mutant in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) which exhibits an early cessation of fiber elongation resulting in very short fibers (< 6 mm) at maturity. this presents an excellent model system for studying ...201323767687
spatial and temporal variation in fungal endophyte communities isolated from cultivated cotton (gossypium hirsutum).studies of fungi in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cultivated in the united states have largely focused on monitoring and controlling plant pathogens. given increasing interest in asymptomatic fungal endophytes as potential biological control agents, surveys are needed to better characterize their diversity, distribution patterns and possible applications in integrated pest management. we sampled multiple varieties of cotton in texas, usa and tested for temporal and spatial variation in fung ...201323776604
ghcax3 gene, a novel ca(2+)/h(+) exchanger from cotton, confers regulation of cold response and aba induced signal transduction.as a second messenger, ca(2+) plays a major role in cold induced transduction via stimulus-specific increases in [ca(2+)]cyt, which is called calcium signature. during this process, caxs (ca(2+)/h(+) exchangers) play critical role. for the first time, a putative ca(2+)/h(+) exchanger ghcax3 gene from upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum cv. 'yz-1') was isolated and characterized. it was highly expressed in all tissues of cotton except roots and fibers. this gene may act as a regulator in cotton's r ...201323776653
large-scale resource development in gossypium hirsutum l. by 454 sequencing of genic-enriched libraries from six diverse genotypes.the sequence information has been proved to be an essential genomic resource in case of crop plants for their genetic improvement and better utilization by humans. to dissect the gossypium hirsutum genome for large-scale development of genomic resources, we adopted hypomethylated restriction-based genomic enrichment strategy to sequence six diverse genotypes. approximately 5.2-gb data (more than 18.36 million reads) was generated which, after assembly, represents nearly 1.27-gb genomic sequences ...201323782852
impact of twospotted spider mite (acari: tetranychidae) duration of infestation on cotton seedlings.the yield response of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., to twospotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch, duration of infestation during the seedling stage was measured at starkville and stoneville, ms, during 2010 and 2011. the treatments included a noninfested control, infestations lasting for 7, 14, 21, or 28 d, and a season long infested control. twospotted spider mites from a greenhouse colony were inoculated on all of the infested cotton plots during the three-leaf stage. applications of m ...201323786075
tolerance to feeding damage by cotton fleahopper (hemiptera: miridae) among genotypes representing adapted germplasm pools of united states upland cotton.cotton fleahopper [pseudatomoscelis seriatus (reuter)] (hemiptera: miridae) is one of the most damaging insect pests of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) in texas and oklahoma because of their feeding on small floral buds which are termed squares. damage to early season squares can reduce yield, delay crop maturity and increase the risk of crop loss because of late season insect pests and adverse weather. insecticide applications are the only control tactic. the objectives of this study were to det ...201323786099
analyzing blends of herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds with factor analysis: revisiting "cotton plant, gossypium hirsutum l., defense in response to nitrogen fertilization".many herbivorous, predaceous, and parasitic insects use constitutive and herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds (vocs) to locate their respective host plant, prey, and hosts. multivariate statistical tools (e.g., factor analysis) are recognized increasingly as an appropriate approach for analyzing intercorrelated data such as presence/absence or quantities of vocs. one challenge of implementing factor analysis is determining how many new variables (factors) to retain in the final analysis. ...201323786100
the effect of soil texture and irrigation on rotylenchulus reniformis and cotton.the reniform nematode, rotylenchulus reniformis, is the most damaging nematode pathogen of cotton in alabama. soil texture is currently being explored as a basis for the development of economic thresholds and management zones within a field. trials to determine the reproductive potential of r. reniformis as influenced by soil type were conducted in microplot and greenhouse settings during 2008 to 2010. population density of r. reniformis was significantly influenced by soil texture and exhibited ...201323833324
cotton ghmkk1 induces the tolerance of salt and drought stress, and mediates defence responses to pathogen infection in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana.mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (mapkk) mediate a variety of stress responses in plants. so far little is known on the functional role of mapkks in cotton. in the present study, gossypium hirsutum mkk1 (ghmkk1) function was investigated. ghmkk1 protein may activate its specific targets in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. treatments with salt, drought, and h2o2 induced the expression of ghmkk1 and increased the activity of ghmkk1, while overexpression of ghmkk1 in nicotiana benthamiana en ...201323844212
qtl analysis for early-maturing traits in cotton using two upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) crosses.making use of the markers linked closely to qtl for early-maturing traits for mas (marker-assisted selection) is an effective method for the simultaneous improvement of early maturity and other properties in cotton. in this study, two f2 populations and their f2:3 families were generated from the two upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) crosses, baimian2 × tm-1 and baimian2 × cir12. qtl for early-maturing traits were analyzed using f2:3 families. a total of 54 qtl (31 suggestive and 23 signific ...201323853509
compensation of lygus hesperus induced preflower fruit loss in cotton.a 3-yr field study quantified the compensatory ability of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) to preflower fruit damage by lygus hesperus knight in the texas high plains under limited irrigation. experiments were designed to achieve varying levels of preflower fruit loss by augmenting lygus bug populations using nymphal bugs reared in a laboratory colony. treatments included 1) three bugs per plant (3pp), 2) one bug per plant (1pp), 3) naturally occurring background bug density or untreated control ( ...201323865185
single and multiple in-season measurements as indicators of at-harvest cotton boll damage caused by verde plant bug (hemiptera: miridae).the ability to monitor verde plant bug, creontiades signatus distant (hemiptera: miridae), and the progression of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., boll responses to feeding and associated cotton boll rot provided opportunity to assess if single in-season measurements had value in evaluating at-harvest damage to bolls and if multiple in-season measurements enhanced their combined use. one in-season verde plant bug density measurement, three in-season plant injury measurements, and two at-harvest da ...201323865196
preference of a polyphagous mirid bug, apolygus lucorum (meyer-dür) for flowering host plants.apolygus lucorum (meyer-dür) (hemiptera: miridae) is one of the most important herbivores in a broad range of cultivated plants, including cotton, cereals, vegetables, and fruit crops in china. in this manuscript, we report on a 6-year long study in which (adult) a. lucorum abundance was recorded on 174 plant species from 39 families from early july to mid-september. through the study period per year, the proportion of flowering plants exploited by adult a. lucorum was significantly greater than ...201323874835
characterization and expression analysis of a fiber differentially expressed fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein gene in sea island cotton fibers.fasciclin-like arabinogalactan (fla) protein is a cell-wall-associated protein playing crucial roles in regulating plant growth and development, and it was characterized in different plants including upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). in cdna-aflp analysis of 25 dpa (days post anthesis) fiber mrna, two fla gene-related transcripts exhibit differential expression between sea island cotton (g. barbadense l.) and upland cotton. based on the transcript-derived fragment, race-pcr and realtime pcr ...201323875019
cloning and characterization of a flo/lfy ortholog in gossypium hirsutum l.ghlfy was cloned from g. hirsutum l. its expression, subcellular localization, and function were analyzed, as well as the in vivo regulation of ghlfy by the mads-box protein soc1 (ghsoc1).201323893068
[arachnofauna (araneae: araneae) in transgenic and conventional cotton crops (gossypium hirsutum) in the north of santa fe, argentina].spiders have considerable potential importance for their role as predators to some pests in agricultural systems. the composition of spiders in transgenic and conventional cotton at the research station of inta reconquista (santa fe) was studied during the 2005-2006 season. the experiment was a complete randomized block design with three replications and three treatments: transgenic bt cotton (albt), conventional cotton without chemical control (alcsc), and conventional cotton with chemical cont ...201223894933
molecular characterisation of two homoeologous elicitor-responsive lipin genes in cotton.the identification and molecular characterisation of two lipin-like gene copies (ghlipn) in cotton, gossypium hirsutum, an allotetraploid derived from two progenitor diploid gossypium species, is described. sequence analyses of the ghlipn copies, designated ghlipn-1 and -2, revealed that they contain 11 exons, separated by ten introns. they each have a 2,643 bp open reading frame that encodes 880 aa proteins, and share a 97.7 and 95.5 % sequence similarity at the translated nucleotide and amino ...201323897433
genome-wide analysis of small rna and novel microrna discovery during fiber and seed initial development in gossypium hirsutum. l.cotton is the source of the most important, renewable natural textile fiber and oil in the world. micrornas (mirnas) are endogenous, non-coding, approximately 18-24 nucleotides long rnas and function in the negative regulation of their target genes. two mostly overlapping libraries of small rna molecules were constructed and sequenced, and served as repetition sets of data to identify mirnas involved in fiber initiation and seed development. the d genome sequence of gossypium raimondii was used ...201323922789
evaluation and selection of reliable reference genes for gene expression under abiotic stress in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).reference genes are critical for normalization of the gene expression level of target genes. the widely used housekeeping genes may change their expression levels at different tissue under different treatment or stress conditions. therefore, systematical evaluation on the housekeeping genes is required for gene expression analysis. up to date, no work was performed to evaluate the housekeeping genes in cotton under stress treatment. in this study, we chose 10 housekeeping genes to systematically ...201323933278
the complete mitochondrial genome of gossypium hirsutum and evolutionary analysis of higher plant mitochondrial genomes.mitochondria are the main manufacturers of cellular atp in eukaryotes. the plant mitochondrial genome contains large number of foreign dna and repeated sequences undergone frequently intramolecular recombination. upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) is one of the main natural fiber crops and also an important oil-producing plant in the world. sequencing of the cotton mitochondrial (mt) genome could be helpful for the evolution research of plant mt genomes.201323940520
response of mirnas and their targets to salt and drought stresses in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).micrornas (mirnas) are an important gene regulator, controlling almost all biological and metabolic processes, in both plants and animals. in this study, we investigated the effect of drought and salinity stress on the expression of mirnas and their targets in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). our results show that the expression change of mirnas and their targets were dose-dependent and tissue-dependent under salinity and drought conditions. the expression of mirnas in leaf was down-regulated und ...201323948080
cotton ghmpk6a negatively regulates osmotic tolerance and bacterial infection in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana, and plays a pivotal role in development.mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades play important roles in the perception of external signals and the generation of suitable responses. cotton (gossypium hirsutum) is an important fibre-producing and oil-producing crop worldwide. however, few mapks and their interaction partners have been functionally characterized in cotton. in the present study, the group a mapk g. hirsutum (gh)mpk6a was identified and characterized. ghmpk6a expression can be induced through multiple defence-rela ...201323957843
isolation, characterization and mapping of genes differentially expressed during fibre development between gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense by cdna-srap.gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense are two cultivated tetraploid cotton species with differences in fibre quality. the fibre of g. barbadense is longer, stronger and finer than that of g. hirsutum. to isolate genes expressed differently between the two species during fibre development, cdna-srap (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) was applied. this technique was used to analyse genes at different stages of fibre development in g. hirsutum cv. emian22 and g. barbadense acc. 3-79, the pare ...201323970073
insights into the evolution of cotton diploids and polyploids from whole-genome re-sequencing.understanding the composition, evolution, and function of the gossypium hirsutum (cotton) genome is complicated by the joint presence of two genomes in its nucleus (at and dt genomes). these two genomes were derived from progenitor a-genome and d-genome diploids involved in ancestral allopolyploidization. to better understand the allopolyploid genome, we re-sequenced the genomes of extant diploid relatives that contain the a1 (gossypium herbaceum), a2 (gossypium arboreum), or d5 (gossypium raimo ...201323979935
synthesis of resveratrol glycosides by cultured plant cells.incubation of cultured cells of glycine max with trans-resveratrol gave its 3-o-beta-d- and 4'-o-beta-d-glucosides. cultured gossypium hirsutum cells glycosylated trans-resveratrol to its 3-o-beta-d-, 4'-o-beta-d-, and 3,4'-o-beta-d-diglucosides. on the other hand, trans-resveratrol was converted into cis-resveratrol 4'-o-beta-d-glucoside, together with trans-resveratrol 3-o-beta-d-glucoside and trans-resveratrol 4'-o-beta-d-glucoside, by eucalyptus perriniana.201323980421
overexpression of cotton ghmkk4 enhances disease susceptibility and affects abscisic acid, gibberellin and hydrogen peroxide signalling in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana.mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades are involved in plant development, stress responses and hormonal signal transduction. mapk kinases (mapkks), as the key nodes in these cascades, link mapks and mapkk kinases (mapkkks). in this study, ghmkk4, a novel group c mapkk gene from cotton (gossypium hirsutum), was isolated and identified. its expression can be induced by various stresses and signalling molecules. the overexpression of ghmkk4 in nicotiana benthamiana enhanced its susceptibi ...201423980654
variations in seed protein content of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) mutant lines by in vivo and in vitro mutagenesis.the present work describes the influence of gamma irradiation (gr), ethyl methane sulphonate (ems) and sodium azide (sa) treatment on yield and protein content of selected mutant lines of cotton. seeds of mcu 5 and mcu 11 were exposed to gamma rays (gr), ethyl methane sulphonate (ems) and sodium azide (sa). lower dose of gamma irradiation (100-500 gy), 10-50 mm ems and sa at lower concentration effectively influences in improving the yield and protein content. significant increase in yield (258. ...201324006801
development of agrobacterium-mediated virus-induced gene silencing and performance evaluation of four marker genes in gossypium barbadense.gossypiumbarbadense is a cultivated cotton species and possesses many desirable traits, including high fiber quality and resistance to pathogens, especially verticilliumdahliae (a devastating pathogen of gossypium hirsutum, the main cultivated species). these elite traits are difficult to be introduced into g. hirsutum through classical breeding methods. in addition, genetic transformation of g. barbadense has not been successfully performed. it is therefore important to develop methods for eval ...201324023833
functional analysis of the seed coat-specific gene gbmyb2 from cotton.myb transcription factors are essential for cotton fiber development. we isolated the r2r3-myb gene gbmyb2 from gossypium barbadense. rna in situ hybridization analysis showed that gbmyb2 is mainly expressed in the outer integuments of cotton ovules and in elongating fibers. gbmyb2 expression increased throughout fiber initiation and during the elongation stage. the expression level of gbmyb2 was higher in the gossypium hirsutum cultivar xu142 than in the xu142 (fl) mutant. overexpression of gbm ...201324036393
isolation and expression profiling of ghnac transcription factor genes in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) during leaf senescence and in response to stresses.nac (nam, ataf, and cuc) is a plant-specific transcription factor family with diverse roles in plant development and stress regulation. in this report, stress-responsive nac genes (ghnac8-ghnac17) isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) were characterised in the context of leaf senescence and stress tolerance. the characterisation of nac genes during leaf senescence has not yet been reported for cotton. based on the sequence characterisation, these ghnacs could be classified into three grou ...201324036432
accumulation of biomass and mineral elements with calendar time by cotton: application of the expanded growth model.accumulation of plant biomass (mg ha(-1)) with calendar time (wk) occurs as a result of photosynthesis for green land-based plants. a corresponding accumulation of mineral elements (kg ha(-1)) such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium occurs from the soil through plant roots. field data from literature for the warm-season annual cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) are used in this analysis. the expanded growth model is used to describe accumulation of biomass and mineral elements with calendar time ...201324039802
genome-wide analysis of small rnas reveals eight fiber elongation-related and 257 novel micrornas in elongating cotton fiber cells.micrornas (mirnas) and other types of small regulatory rnas play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in plants. cotton is one of the most economically important crops, but little is known about the roles of mirnas during cotton fiber elongation.201324044642
a study on the influence of different promoter and 5'utr (urm) cassettes from arabidopsis thaliana on the expression level of the reporter gene β glucuronidase in tobacco and cotton.several reports of promoters from plants, viral and artificial origin that confer high constitutive expression are known. among these the camv 35s promoter is used extensively for transgene expression in plants. we identified candidate promoters from arabidopsis based on their transcript levels (meta-analysis of available microarray control datasets) to test their activity in comparison to the camv 35s promoter. a set of 11 candidate genes were identified which showed high transcript levels in t ...201424072400
isolation and characterization of terpene synthases in cotton (gossypium hirsutum).cotton plants accumulate gossypol and related sesquiterpene aldehydes, which function as phytoalexins against pathogens and feeding deterrents to herbivorous insects. however, to date little is known about the biosynthesis of volatile terpenes in this crop. herein is reported that 5 monoterpenes and 11 sesquiterpenes from extracts of a glanded cotton cultivar, gossypium hirsutum cv. ccri12, were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). by est data mining combined with rapid ampl ...201324074555
a transcript profiling approach reveals an abscisic acid-specific glycosyltransferase (ugt73c14) induced in developing fiber of ligon lintless-2 mutant of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).ligon lintless-2, a monogenic dominant cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fiber mutation, causing extreme reduction in lint fiber length with no pleiotropic effects on vegetative growth, represents an excellent model system to study fiber elongation. a udp-glycosyltransferase that was highly expressed in developing fibers of the mutant ligon lintless-2 was isolated. the predicted amino acid sequence showed ~53% similarity with arabidopsis ugt73c sub-family members and the udp-glycosyltransferase was ...201324086489
modulation of reproductive behaviors by non-host volatiles in the polyphagous egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis.in order to locate mates, food, and oviposition sites, insects mainly rely on volatile cues released by their sexual partners, food sources, and host and non-host plants. calling, mating, and oviposition behaviors, as well as fecundity and longevity, of newly emerged spodoptera littoralis (bois.) moths were recorded in the presence of volatiles from leaves of a host plant, gossypium hirsutum (cotton) and two non-host plants, adhatoda vasica (av) or picea abies (spruce), either alone or in host/n ...201324105603
comparative transcriptome analysis between somatic embryos (ses) and zygotic embryos in cotton: evidence for stress response functions in se development.as a product of asexual reproduction in plants, the somatic embryo (se) differentiates into a new plantlet via a zygotic embryogenesis-like process. here, we present the phenotypic and cellular differences between ses and zygotic embryos (zes) revealed by histological section scanning using three parallel development stages of the two types of embryos of cotton (gossypium hirsutum cv. yz1), including globular, torpedo and cotyledonary-stages. to identify the molecular characteristics of se devel ...201424112122
bac-pool sequencing and analysis of large segments of a12 and d12 homoeologous chromosomes in upland cotton.although new and emerging next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies have reduced sequencing costs significantly, much work remains to implement them for de novo sequencing of complex and highly repetitive genomes such as the tetraploid genome of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). herein we report the results from implementing a novel, hybrid sanger/454-based bac-pool sequencing strategy using minimum tiling path (mtp) bacs from ctg-3301 and ctg-465, two large genomic segments in a12 and ...201324116150
transcriptome dynamics during fibre development in contrasting genotypes of gossypium hirsutum l.understanding the contribution of genetic background in fibre quality traits is important for the development of future cotton varieties with superior fibre quality. we used affymetrix microarray (santa clara, ca) and roche 454 gsflx (branford, ct) for comparative transcriptome analysis between two superior and three inferior genotypes at six fibre developmental stages. microarray-based analysis of variance (anova) for 89 microarrays encompassing five contrasting genotypes and six developmental ...201424119257
high throughput agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated germline transformation of mechanically isolated meristem explants of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).agrobacterium tumefaciens mediates high frequency of germline transformation of cotton meristem explants. the meristem transformation system we developed is rapid, high throughput and genotype-flexible. we have developed a high throughput cotton transformation system based on direct agrobacterium inoculation of mechanically isolated meristem explants of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). the explants were inoculated with a disarmed a. tumefaciens strain, ab33 harboring a 2 t-dna binary vector pmon1 ...201424129847
linkage mapping and expression analysis of mirnas and their target genes during fiber development in cotton.micrornas (mirnas) are small, endogenously expressed, non-coding rna molecules involved in gene transcription and expression that combine with specific mrna site of target genes to inhibit protein synthesis or degrade mrna. since the first plant mirna was reported in 2002, numerous new mirnas and their targets have been discovered via high-throughput sequencing and computational approaches. however, the genetic variation of mirna genes is poorly understood due to the lack of mirna-specific dna m ...201324131852
cellulose synthases: new insights from crystallography and modeling.detailed information about the structure and biochemical mechanisms of cellulose synthase (cels) proteins remained elusive until a complex containing the catalytic subunit (bcsa) of cels from rhodobacter sphaeroides was crystalized. additionally, a 3d structure of most of the cytosolic domain of a plant cels (ghcesa1 from cotton, gossypium hirsutum) was produced by computational modeling. this predicted structure contributes to our understanding of how plant cels proteins may be similar and diff ...201424139443
generation and analysis of a large-scale expressed sequence tag database from a full-length enriched cdna library of developing leaves of gossypium hirsutum l.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) is one of the world's most economically-important crops. however, its entire genome has not been sequenced, and limited resources are available in genbank for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf development and senescence.201324146870
mapping and genomic targeting of the major leaf shape gene (l) in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).a major leaf shape locus (l) was mapped with molecular markers and genomically targeted to a small region in the d-genome of cotton. by using expression analysis and candidate gene mapping, two lmi1 -like genes are identified as possible candidates for leaf shape trait in cotton. leaf shape in cotton is an important trait that influences yield, flowering rates, disease resistance, lint trash, and the efficacy of foliar chemical application. the leaves of okra leaf cotton display a significantly ...201424158249
establishment of molecular markers and linkage groups in two f2 populations of upland cotton.two f2 populations of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) from the crosses of hs46 x marcabucag8us-1-88 (mar) and hs46 x pee dee 5363 (pd5363) were characterized for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) using dna probes. seventy-three probe/enzyme combinations were used in the hs46 x mar population analysis, which resulted in 42 informative polymorphic fragments. these 42 moleclar markers represented 26 polymorphic loci, which consisted of 15 codominant and 11 dominant (+/-) genotypes. c ...199624166617
the distribution of gossypium hirsutum chromatin in g. barbadense germ plasm: molecular analysis of introgressive plant breeding.cotton is unusual among major crop plants in that two cross-fertile species are widely cultivated for a common economic product, fiber. both historical evidence and classical genetic studies suggest that many improved forms of gossypium barbadense ("sea island", "egyptian", and "pima" cottons) may include chromatin derived from g. hirsutum. using 106 restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) loci well distributed across the cotton genome, we revealed the amount and genomic distribution of ...199524170011
genetic diversity and population structure in the us upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).genetic diversity and population structure in the us upland cotton was established and core sets of allelic richness were identified for developing association mapping populations in cotton. elite plant breeding programs could likely benefit from the unexploited standing genetic variation of obsolete cultivars without the yield drag typically associated with wild accessions. a set of 381 accessions comprising 378 upland (gossypium hirsutum l.) and 3 g. barbadense l. accessions of the united stat ...201424170350
ancient origin of the vacuolar h(+)-atpase 69-kilodalton catalytic subunit superfamily.recently, two distinct cdna clones encoding the catalytic subunit of the vacuolar h(+)-atpase (v-atpase) were isolated from the allotetraploid cotton species gossypium hirsutum l. cv 'acala sj-2' (wilkins 1992, 1993). differences in the nucleotide sequence of these clones were used as molecular markers to explore the organization and structure of the v-atpase catalytic subunit genes in the a and d genomes of diploid and allotetraploid cotton species. nucleotide sequencing of polymerase chain rea ...199424177903
growth of cotton under continuous salinity stress: influence on allocation pattern, stomatal and non-stomatal components of photosynthesis and dissipation of excess light energy.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants were grown in flowing-culture solutions containing 0%, 26% and 55% natural seawater under controlled and otherwise identical conditions. leaf na(+) content rose to 360 mm in 55% seawater, yet the k(+) content was maintained above 100 mm. the k(+)/na(+) selectivity ratio was much greater in the saline plants than in the control plants. all plants were healthy and able to complete the life cycle but relative growth rate fell by 46% in 26% seawater and by 83% i ...199224178074
temporal organization of chilling resistance in cotton seedlings: effects of low temperature and relative humidity.the effect of temperature and relative humidity (rh) on the time course of the rhythmic endogenous changes of chilling resistance was studied in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. deltapine 50) seedlings grown under light-dark cycles of 12:12 h. the resistant phase to 5° c, 85% rh lasted during most of the dark period while to 5° c, 100% rh it was longer and extended into the last half of the light period because a transient phase advance occurred when chilling started at the middle of the light ...199224178147
specific binding of a verticillium dahliae phytotoxin to protoplasts of cotton, gossypium hirsutum.the occurrence of specific, high-affinity binding sites for a protein-lipopolysaccharide (plp) phytotoxin purified from culture filtrates of a virulent vertidllium dahliae isolate has been demonstrated in cotton protoplasts. binding of the (125)i-radiolabelled plp-complex to protoplasts from cotyledon tissue was saturable and with an affinity (kd = 17.3 nm) comparable with the concentration required for biological activity. a single class of binding site, accessible at the surface of the intact ...199624178171
regeneration of plants from cryopreserved embryogenic cell suspension and callus cultures of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).successful regeneration of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants from cryopreserved embryogenic callus and cell suspension cultures is described. the cryoprotectant mixture consisting of a modified murashige and skoog (1962) medium with sucrose (5% w/v), dmso (5% v/v) and glycerol (5% v/v) gave the highest survival rate (70%) from cell suspension cultures cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen after slow cooling (0.5 to 1.0°c/min). a cooling rate of 0.5°c/min provided a satisfactory recovery rate (30% ...199624178225
caffeic acid and glycerol are constituents of the suberin layers in green cotton fibres.the fibres of the green-lint mutant (lg) of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) are suberized and contain a large proportion of wax. the unidentified components of the wax were separated into a colourless fluorescent fraction and a yellow pigmented fraction. using ultraviolet spectroscopy and nuclear-magneticresonance ((1)h-nmr) spectroscopy, esterified trans-caffeic acid was identified as the only phenolic component in the colourless fraction. this fraction was further purified and was shown to cont ...199324178505
identification and characterization of (e)-β-caryophyllene synthase and α/β-pinene synthase potentially involved in constitutive and herbivore-induced terpene formation in cotton.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants damaged by insects emit a blend of volatiles, including monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, which can directly repel herbivores and/or indirectly protect the plant by attracting natural enemies of the herbivores. to understand the molecular basis of terpene biosynthesis and regulation in cotton, two terpene synthase genes, ghtps1 and ghtps2, were heterologously expressed and characterized. recombinant ghtps1 accepted farnesyl pyrophosphate as substrate and prod ...201324184450
temperature-induced phase shifting of circadian rhythms in cotton seedlings as related to variations in chilling resistance.the relationship between the degree of chilling resistance and phase shifting caused by low-temperature pulses was examined in two circadian rhythms in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. deltapine 50) seedlings grown under light-dark cycles of 12∶12 h at 33° c. the seedlings showed a circadian rhythm of chilling resistance and of cotyledon movement. a pulse of 19° c for 12 h during the chilling-sensitive phase (light period) caused a phase delay of 6 h, while a similar temperature pulse during th ...199124186427
protease inhibitors of manduca sexta expressed in transgenic cotton.to explore the effectiveness of insect derived protease inhibitors in protecting plants against insect feeding, anti-trypsin, anti-chymotrypsin and anti-elastase protease inhibitor (pi) genes from manduca sexta l. were expressed in transgenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). from 198 independent transformants, 35 elite lines were further analyzed. under the control of the 35s promoter of camv, pi accumulated to approximately 0.1% of total protein, depending on the tissue analyzed. using cell-flow ...199524186707
changes in the cell wall and cellulose content of developing cotton fibers investigated by ftir spectroscopy.fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectra of cotton fibers harvested at different stages of development were acquired using universal attenuated total reflectance ftir (uatr-ftir). the main goal of the study was to monitor cell wall changes occurring during different phases of cotton fiber development. two cultivars of gossypium hirsutum l. were planted in a greenhouse (texas marker-1 and tx55). on the day of flowering, individual flowers were tagged and bolls were harvested. from fibers harvest ...201424188832
protoplast-to-plant regeneration in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. coker 312) using feeder layers.we report the regeneration of protoplasts isolated from two embryogenic cell lines of gossypium hirsutum l. cv. coker 312 initiated from hypocotylderived callus. protoplasts plated on cellulose nitrate filters and placed over feeder layers formed embryogenic callus from which plants were regenerated. plating efficiency up to 12.8% depended upon the cell line. addition of phytohormones to the protoplast medium had no stimulating effect on plating efficiency. the influence of feeder cells and cond ...199424193653
temperature dependence of violaxanthin de-epoxidation and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching in intact leaves of gossypium hirsutum l. and malva parviflora l.the temperature dependence of the rate of de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin was determined in leaves of chilling-sensitive gossypium hirsutum l. (cotton) and chilling-resistant malva parviflora l. by measurements of the increase in absorbance at 505 nm (δa 505) and in the contents of antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin that occur upon exposure of predarkened leaves to excessive light. a linear relationship between δa 505 and the decrease in the epoxidation state of the xanthophyll-cycle pig ...199124194074
the effects of nacl on antioxidant enzyme activities in callus tissue of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cotton cultivars (gossypium hirsutum l.).to determine nacl effects on callus growth and antioxidant activity, callus of a salt-tolerant and a salt-sensitive cultivar of cotton was grown on media amended with 0, 75, and 150 mm nacl. callus of the salt-tolerant cultivar, acala 1517-8 8, grown at 150 mm nacl, showed significant increases in superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities compared to callus tissue grown at 0 mm nacl. in contrast, callus tissue of the salt-sensitive cult ...199424194128
overexpression of a cotton gene that encodes a putative transcription factor of ap2/erebp family in arabidopsis affects growth and development of transgenic plants.in the study, a gene encoding a putative ethylene response factor of ap2/erebp family was isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and designated as gherf12. sequence alignment showed that gherf12 protein contains a central ap2/erf domain (58 amino acids) with two functional conserved amino acid residues (ala14 and asp19). transactivation assay indicated that gherf12 displayed strong transcription activation activity in yeast cells, suggesting that this protein may be a transcriptional activato ...201324194949
relationships between circadian rhythm of chilling resistance and acclimation to chilling in cotton seedlings.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. deltapine 50) seedlings grown under light-dark cycles of 12:12h at 35°c showed rhythmic daily changes in chilling resistance. chilling treatment (5°c, 48h) started at the beginning or middle of the daily light period resulted in a substantial growth inhibition of the seedlings upon return to 35°c whereas when chilling was started at the beginning or middle of the dark period the subsequent growth of the seedlings was much less inhibited. this rhythm in chilling ...199024197198
engineering 2,4-d resistance into cotton.to reduce damage by drift-levels of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, we have engineered the 2,4-d resistance trait into cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). the 2,4-d monooxygenase gene tfda from alcaligenes eutrophus plasmid pjp5 was isolated, modified and expressed in transgenic tobacco and cotton plants. analyses of the transgenic progeny showed stable transmission of the chimeric tfda gene and production of active 2,4-d monooxygenase. cotton plants obtained were tolerant to 3 times t ...199224202683
the promoter structure differentiation of a myb transcription factor rlc1 causes red leaf coloration in empire red leaf cotton under light.the red leaf coloration of empire red leaf cotton (erlc) (gossypium hirsutum l.), resulted from anthocyanin accumulation in light, is a well known dominant agricultural trait. however, the underpin molecular mechanism remains elusive. to explore this, we compared the molecular biological basis of anthocyanin accumulation in both erlc and the green leaf cotton variety ccri 24 (gossypium hirsutum l.). introduction of r2r3-myb transcription factor rosea1, the master regulator anthocyanin biosynthes ...201324205014
relationship between efficiency of photosynthetic energy conversion and chlorophyll fluorescence quenching in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).the relationship between components of non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence yield (qnp) and dissipation of excessive excitation energy was determined in cotton leaves using concurrent measurements of fluorescence and gas-exchange at 2% and 20% o2 under a range of photon flux densities and co2 pressures. a nearly stoichiometric relationship was obtained between dissipation of energy not used in photosynthetic co2 fixation or photorespiration and qnp provided that a component, p ...198924212903
the dual functions of wlim1a in cell elongation and secondary wall formation in developing cotton fibers.lin-11, isl1 and mec-3 (lim)-domain proteins play pivotal roles in a variety of cellular processes in animals, but plant lim functions remain largely unexplored. here, we demonstrate dual roles of the wlim1a gene in fiber development in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum). wlim1a is preferentially expressed during the elongation and secondary wall synthesis stages in developing fibers. overexpression of wlim1a in cotton led to significant changes in fiber length and secondary wall structure. comp ...201324220634
the apoplastic pool of abscisic acid in cotton leaves in relation to stomatal closure.suboptimal nitrogen nutrition, leaf aging, and prior exposure to water stress all increased stomatal closure in excised cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) leaves supplied abscisic acid (aba) through the transpiration stream. the effects of water stress and n stress were partially reversed by simultaneous application of kinetin (n(6)-furfurylaminopurine) with the aba, but the effect of leaf aging was not. these enhanced responses to aba could have resulted either from altered rates of aba release fro ...198824221474
chronology of the differentiation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fiber cells.cotton fibers are single elongated cells that develop from epidermal cells of the ovule. the chronology of fiber differentiation was investigated using cultured ovules. epidermal cells differentiate into fiber cells approx. 3 d before anthesis. when ovules were cultured on a defined medium, fiber growth could be initiated on ovules any time between 2 d preanthesis and the time of anthesis by adding indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellic acid to the medium. in the absence of phytohormones, fibers d ...198824221720
growth and disinfestation of 6 different bacteria in embryogenic suspension cultures of cotton.growth of 6 different common laboratory bacteria (escherichia coli, flavobacterium balustrum, xanthomonas maltophilia, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas fluorescens, and agrobacterium tumefaciens) in a bacterial medium, fresh plant medium, and "spent" plant media was initially measured. in all cases, bacteria grew best in the bacterial medium followed by the fresh plant medium. the spent plant medium did not support growth of the bacteria and apparently was actively toxic to bacterial cells. pro ...199124221727
transcriptome analysis reveals crosstalk of responsive genes to multiple abiotic stresses in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).abiotic stress is a major environmental factor that limits cotton growth and yield, moreover, this problem has become more and more serious recently, as multiple stresses often occur simultaneously due to the global climate change and environmental pollution. in this study, we sought to identify genes involved in diverse stresses including abscisic acid (aba), cold, drought, salinity and alkalinity by comparative microarray analysis. our result showed that 5790, 3067, 5608, 778 and 6148 transcri ...201324224045
regeneration of gossypium hirsutum and g. barbadense from shoot apex tissues for transformation.a method of regenerating cotton plants from the shoot apical meristem of seedlings was developed for use with particle gun and agrobacterium-mediated transformation. this method was developed to circumvent the problems of genotype restriction and chromosomal damage frequently encountered in cotton regeneration in tissue culture through somatic embryogenesis. in this procedure, the cells of the shoot meristem are targeted for transformation. normal and fertile plants of gossypium barbadense pima ...199124226156
multiattribute evaluation of regional cotton variety trials.the australian cotton cultivar trials (acct) are designed to investigate various cotton [gossypium hirsutum (l.)] lines in several locations in new south wales and queensland each year. if these lines are to be assessed by the simultaneous use of yield and lint quality data, then a multivariate technique applicable to three-way data is desirable. two such techniques, the mixture maximum likelihood method of clustering and three-mode principal component analysis, are described and used to analyze ...199024226223
quantitative analysis of resistance in cotton to three new isolates of the bacterial blight pathogen.genetic variability for virulence of the bacterial blight pathogen [xanthomonas campestris pv malvacearum (smith) dye] on cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) has been shown by the identification of 19 races of the pathogen based on disease reactions of a set of ten host differentials. this study was conducted to determine the inheritance of host resistance to three recently identified isolates of x. campestris pv malvacearum, which are virulent on the entire set of differentials. true leaves of tamco ...199024226445
alloplasmic male sterility in ad allotetraploid gossypium hirsutum upon replacement of its resident a cytoplasm with that of d species g. harknessii.alloplasmic male sterile (cms) and restoration-of-fertility (rf) lines of the ad allotetraploid gossypium hirsutum were earlier derived from the presumed introgression of the cytoplasm of the d species g. harknessii. to confirm that this happened and address its significance, cytoplasms of the maternal progenitor, backcross intermediates, derived breeding lines, related a, d, and f species, and a synthetic ad tetraploid were examined by agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 140 restr ...198924227025
systemic induction of feeding deterrents in cotton plants by feeding ofspodoptera spp. larvae.cotton,gossypium hirsutum l., has been shown to exhibit systemic induced resistance to arthropods under certain conditions. we conducted experiments to determine the effects of previous feeding ofspodoptera exigua hübner andspodoptera littoralis (boisd.) larvae on feeding behavior, growth, and survival of larvae subsequently feeding on cotton. in one feeding choice test,s. exigua larvae preferred young leaves from undamaged control plants to undamaged young leaves from a previously damaged plant ...199624227615
polysaccharides in the culture medium of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) ovules cultured in vitro.polysaccharides secreted into the culture medium (pcm) from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) ovules, culturedin vitro, have been examined. the amount of the polysaccharides increases with the duration of the culture, but except for the galactose content, does not vary markedly with the culture age. analysis shows that the polysaccharide mixture contains mainly pectins, but there is also a significant amount of xyloglucan. the source of the polysaccharides is most likely the callus tissue which dev ...198924232589
heat shock protein expression in thermotolerant and thermosensitive lines of cotton.the expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) was compared between genetically characterized heat tolerant and heat sensitive lines of cotton (gossypium hirsutum andg. barbadense) using electrophoretic analysis ofin vivo labelled proteins. no differences were observed between the two lines with regard to: the temperature at which hsp synthesis was induced (37°c); the temperature at which hsp synthesis was maximal (45°c); the rates of recovery from hsp synthesis; the duration of hsp synthesis; or ...198924232592
transformation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) via particle bombardment.embryogenic suspension cultures of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) were subjected to particle bombardment, where high density particles carrying plasmid dna were accelerated towards the embryogenic plant cells. the plasmid dna coating the particles encoded hygromycin resistance. one to two weeks following bombardment, embryogenic cotton cells were placed in proliferation medium containing 100 μg/ml hygromycin. clumps of tissue which grew in the presence of hygromycin were subcultured at low densi ...199024232677
maternal effects and generation mean analysis of seed-oil content in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).the nature of gene action and of maternal influence governing cottonseed oil attributes were determined with four lines, two each with high and low seed-oil percentage. for this purpose, p1, p2, f0, f1, f2 and alternative sets of bc1 and bc2 generations were analysed in six cross-combinations and their reciprocals. marginal extents of heterosis for seed-oil percentage were noticeable in f1, with inbreeding depression in f2. data from reciprocal backcrosses provided evidence in favour of maternal ...198924232726
plant regeneration from somatic embryogenic suspension cultures of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).maintainable, highly embryogenic suspension cultures of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. 'coker 310') have been obtained. callus cultures were initiated from cotyledonary tissues from aseptically-germinated seedlings. to establish the suspension cultures, callus tissue was placed in a liquid medium containing either 0.5 mg/l picloram or 0.1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. for proliferation of the embryogenic suspension, 5 mg/l of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was used. embryo development ...198824240254
genetic analysis of verticillium wilt tolerance in cotton using pedigree data from three crosses.three crosses and descendant generations were used in a field study of the inheritance of tolerance to verticillium wilt, caused by verticillium dahliae kleb., in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). the tolerant cultivar 'acala sjc-1' was crossed to more susceptible parents, breeding line s5971 and cultivars 'acala 4-42' and 'deltapine 70'. seven generations were evaluated for each cross: the two parents (p1 and p2), f1; f2, f3, and reciprocal backcrosses (b1 and b2). the genetic control of t ...198724241472
correlation studies on yield and fibre traits in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).two diverse parents of upland cotton namely j.34 and i.c. 1926 were crossed. a comparison between biparental intermated progenies and f3 families indicated alteration of correlation coefficient between yield and halo length. the significant negative correlation in f3 population between these two attributes changed to a positive but non significant one in biparental intermated progenies. a change in correlation coefficients was expected due to breakage of linkage upon intermating. an increase in ...198724241577
β-glucanases in developing cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fibres.cotton fibres possess several β-glucanase activities which appear to be associated with the cell wall, but which can be partially solubilised in buffers. the main activity detected was that of an exo-(1→3)-β-d-glucanase (ec 3.2.1.58) but which also had the characteristics of a β-glucosidase (ec 3.2.1.21). endo-(1→3)-β-d-glucanase activity (ec 3.2.1.39) and much lower levels of (1→4)-β-d-glucanase activity were also detected. the exo-(1→3)-β-glucanase showed a maximum late on (40 days post-anthes ...198524241619
initiation and characterization of a cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) photoautotrophic cell suspension culture.a heterotrophic cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. stoneville 825) cell suspension culture was adapted to grow photoautotrophically. after two years in continuous photoautotrophic culture at 5% co2 (balance air), the maximum growth rate of the photoautotrophic cell line was a 400% fresh weight increase in eight days. the chl concentration was approximately 500 μg per g fresh weight.elevated co2 (1%-5%) was required for culture growth, while the ambient air of the culture room (600 to 700 ul co2 1 ...198824241763
effects of host plant,gossypium hirsutum l., on sexual attraction of cabbage looper moths,trichoplusia ni (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae).unmated female or male cabbage looper moths,trichoplusia ni (hübner), were attracted more often in a flight tunnel to a cage with moths of the opposite sex and a bouquet of cotton foliage. increased sexual attractiveness of females with plants may be a result of stimulation of pheromone release in response to plant odor, since more males were attracted when odor of cotton foliage was passed over females than when odor of females was passed over cotton foliage before venting into the flight tunne ...199424241928
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