Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| combined h5nd inactivated vaccine protects chickens against challenge by different clades of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses subtype h5 and virulent newcastle disease virus. | the aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of a trivalent-inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine against challenge by different clades highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses including hpai-h5n8 and the virulent genotype vii newcastle disease virus (ndv) (vndv). | 2019 | 30936661 |
| opening pandora's box at the roof of the world: landscape, climate and avian influenza (h5n1). | the purpose of this case study is to examine how environmental disruption and agricultural practices act synergistically to create a perfect storm for the spread of avian influenza. actors in this case study include the vast permafrost landscape of the qinghai-tibet plateau; a wild goose that migrates over the himalayas; the highest altitude railway in the world that traverses the plateau into tibet; and an avian virus (h5n1). commencing in 2001, tens of thousands of railway workers travelled to ... | 2019 | 31063711 |
| spatiotemporal and risk analysis of h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza in vietnam, 2014-2017. | the aim of this study was to describe the spatiotemporal distribution of h5 hpai outbreak reports for the period 2014-2017 and to identify factors associated with h5 hpai outbreak reports. throughout the study period, a total of 139 outbreaks of h5 hpai in poultry were reported, due to either h5n1 (96 outbreaks) or h5n6 (43 outbreaks) subtype viruses. h5n1 hpai outbreaks occurred in all areas of vietnam while h5n6 hpai outbreaks were only reported in the northern and central provinces. we counte ... | 2020 | 31113666 |
| investigation of flexibility of neuraminidase 150-loop using tamiflu derivatives in influenza a viruses h1n1 and h5n1. | this study focuses on design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of inhibitory potency of two series of sialylmimetic that target an exosite ("150-cavity") adjacent to the active site of influenza neuraminidases from a/california/07/2009 (h1n1) pandemic strain and a/chicken/nakorn-patom/thailand/cu-k2-2004 (h5n1). the structure-activity analysis as well as 3-d structure of the complex of parental compound with the pandemic neuraminidase p09n1 revealed high flexibility of the 150-cavity towards va ... | 2019 | 31128993 |
| two single incursions of h7n7 and h5n1 low pathogenicity avian influenza in u.k. broiler breeders during 2015 and 2016. | low pathogenicity (lp) avian influenza viruses (aivs) have a natural reservoir in wild birds. these cause few (if any) overt clinical signs, but include h5 and h7 lpaivs, which are notifiable in poultry. in the european union, notifiable avian disease (nad) demands laboratory confirmation with prompt statutory interventions to prevent dissemination of infection to multiple farms. crucially, for h5 and h7 lpaivs, movement restrictions and culling limit the further risk of mutation to the correspo ... | 2019 | 31131576 |
| highly pathogenic and low pathogenic avian influenza h5 subtype viruses in wild birds in ukraine. | there have been three waves of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) outbreaks in commercial, backyard poultry, and wild birds in ukraine. the first (2005-2006) and second (2008) waves were caused by h5n1 hpai virus, with 45 outbreaks among commercial poultry (chickens) and backyard fowl (chickens, ducks, and geese) in four regions of ukraine (ar crimea, kherson, odesa, and sumy oblast). h5n1 hpai viruses were isolated from dead wild birds: cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo) and great crested g ... | 2019 | 31131580 |
| a new reassortant clade 2.3.2.1a h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus causing recent outbreaks in ducks, geese, chickens and turkeys in bangladesh. | a total of 15 dead or sick birds from 13 clinical outbreaks of avian influenza in ducks, geese, chickens and turkeys in 2017 in bangladesh were examined. the presence of h5n1 influenza a virus in the affected birds was detected by rt-pcr. phylogenetic analysis based on full-length gene sequences of all eight gene segments revealed that these recent outbreaks were caused by a new reassortant of clade 2.3.2.1a h5n1 virus, which had been detected earlier in 2015 during surveillance in live bird mar ... | 2019 | 31168925 |
| development of american-lineage influenza h5n2 reassortant vaccine viruses for pandemic preparedness. | novel low-pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) h5n2 viruses hit poultry farms in taiwan in 2003, and evolved into highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses in 2010. these viruses are reassortant viruses containing ha and na genes from american-lineage h5n2 and six internal genes from local h6n1 viruses. according to a serological survey, the taiwan h5n2 viruses can cause asymptomatic infections in poultry workers. therefore, a development of influenza h5n2 vaccines is desirable for pandemic ... | 2019 | 31212631 |
| chinese poultry farmers' decision-making for avian influenza prevention: a qualitative analysis. | poultry farmers faced dual risk when mutant avian influenza (ai) virus showed the zoonotic characteristics. a/h5n1 and a/h7n9 were two dominant ai virus strains that have captured the attention of the public over the years for they have been reported to bring about greater loss to poultry and human, respectively. previous studies mainly used quantitative methods investigating either the means that poultry farmers adopted for protecting their poultry against a/h5n1 infection or the poultry farmer ... | 2019 | 31215154 |
| influenza m2 virus-like particle vaccination enhances protection in combination with avian influenza ha vlps. | despite the ability to induce a broad range of cross protection, m2e5x virus-like particles (vlps) alone provide limited vaccine efficacy and confer low efficacy of protection against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) infection in chickens. avian influenza hemagglutinin (ha) has been a major antigenic target that enhances humoral immunity, but the efficacy of avian ha-based vaccines against hpaiv needs to be further improved. in this study, we evaluated the vaccine efficacy induced ... | 2019 | 31246961 |
| itraq-based proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of human mast cells upon infection by the influenza a virus strains h1n1 and h5n1. | mast cells can support the replication of influenza a virus, although how this occurs is poorly understood. in the present study, using quantitative ms, we analyzed the proteome of human mast cells infected with different influenza a virus strains at 12 h post-infection. forty-one differentially expressed proteins were identified in human mast cells upon infection by the virulent h5n1 (a/chicken/henan/1/04) virus compared to the seasonal h1n1 (a/wsn/33) virus. bioinformatic analyses confirmed th ... | 2019 | 31271652 |
| label-free localized surface plasmon resonance biosensor composed of multi-functional dna 3 way junction on hollow au spike-like nanoparticles (hausn) for avian influenza virus detection. | in the present study, we fabricated a label-free avian influenza (aiv h5n1) detection biosensor composed of a multi-functional dna 3 way-junction (3 w j) on a hollow au spike-like nanoparticle (hausn) using a localized surface plasmon resonance (lspr) method. to construct the multi-functional dna (mf-dna) as a bioprobe, the 3 w j was introduced. the proposed aiv detection bioprobe should contain three functionalities: target recognition, signal amplification, and connection to substrate. to achi ... | 2019 | 31284148 |
| effective mosaic-based nanovaccines against avian influenza in poultry. | avian influenza virus (aiv) is an extraordinarily diverse pathogen that causes significant morbidity in domesticated poultry populations and threatens human life with looming pandemic potential. controlling avian influenza in susceptible populations requires highly effective, economical and broadly reactive vaccines. several aiv vaccines have proven insufficient despite their wide use, and better technologies are needed to improve their immunogenicity and broaden effectiveness. previously, we de ... | 2019 | 31300285 |
| poultry trading behaviours in vietnamese live bird markets as risk factors for avian influenza infection in chickens. | vietnamese poultry are host to co-circulating subtypes of avian influenza viruses, including h5n1 and h9n2, which pose a great risk to poultry productivity and to human health. aivs circulate throughout the poultry trade network in vietnam, with live bird markets being an integral component to this network. traders at lbms exhibit a variety of trading practices, which may influence the transmission of aivs. we identified trading practices that impacted on aiv prevalence in chickens marketed in n ... | 2019 | 31357255 |
| clade 2.3.2.1 h5n1 avian influenza viruses circulate at the interface of migratory and domestic birds around qinghai lake in china. | during 2012-2015, six h5n1 avian influenza viruses were isolated from domestic birds and the environment around qinghai lake. phylogenetic analysis of ha genes revealed that a/chicken/gansu/xg2/2012 (ck/gs/xg2/12) belonged to clade 2.3.2.1a, while a/environment/qinghai/1/2013 (en/qh/1/13), a/chicken/qinghai/qh1/2015 (ck/qh/qh1/15), a/chicken/qinghai/qh2/2015 (ck/qh/qh2/15), a/chicken/qinghai/qh3/2015 (ck/qh/qh3/15), and a/goose/qinghai/qh6/2015 (gs/qh/qh6/15) belonged to clade 2.3.2.1c. further ... | 2019 | 31383307 |
| genetic characteristics and polymorphisms in the chicken interferon-induced transmembrane protein (ifitm3) gene. | the interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (ifitm3) gene is classified as a small interferon-stimulated gene and is associated with a broad spectrum of antiviral functions against several fatal enveloped viruses, including influenza a viruses (iavs). the rs12252 single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) of the ifitm3 gene in humans was associated with susceptibility to h1n1 influenza in a 2009 pandemic. in addition, overexpression of the ifitm3 protein potently inhibits the highly pathogenic avia ... | 2019 | 31410631 |
| highly pathogenic avian influenza a(h5n1) outbreaks in west java indonesia 2015-2016: clinical manifestation and associated risk factors. | knowledge of outbreaks and associated risk factors is helpful to improve control of the highly pathogenic avian influenza a(h5n1) virus (hpai) in indonesia. this study was conducted to detect outbreaks of hpai h5n1 in endemically infected regions by enhanced passive surveillance, to describe the clinical manifestation of these outbreaks and identify associated risk factors. from november 2015 to november 2016, hpai outbreak investigations were conducted in seven districts of west java. in total ... | 2019 | 31500141 |
| active surveillance and genetic evolution of avian influenza viruses in egypt, 2016-2018. | egypt is a hotspot for avian influenza virus (aiv) due to the endemicity of h5n1 and h9n2 viruses. aivs were isolated from 329 samples collected in 2016-2018; 48% were h9n2, 37.1% were h5n8, 7.6% were h5n1, and 7.3% were co-infections with 2 of the 3 subtypes. the 32 hemagglutinin (ha) sequences of the h5n1 viruses formed a well-defined lineage within clade 2.2.1.2. the 10 ha sequences of the h5n8 viruses belonged to a subclade within 2.3.4.4. the 11 ha of h9n2 isolates showed high sequence homo ... | 2019 | 31526249 |
| soluble recombinant hemagglutinin protein of h1n1pdm09 influenza virus elicits cross-protection against a lethal h5n1 challenge in mice. | currently, influenza vaccines are produced using embryonated chicken eggs. recently, recombinant influenza vaccines have been developed as a potential alternative to egg-grown vaccines. in this study, we evaluated the efficacy of soluble recombinant hemagglutinin (ha) protein produced in human cell culture (expi293f cells) as an influenza vaccine against homosubtypic and heterosubtypic influenza virus challenges in mice. mice were immunized intramuscularly with purified soluble ha protein of h1n ... | 2019 | 31551968 |
| prime-boost vaccination with a novel hemagglutinin protein produced in bacteria induces neutralizing antibody responses against h5-subtype influenza viruses in commercial chickens. | the highly pathogenic (hp) avian influenza virus (aiv), h5n1 and reassortant h5-subtype hpaivs, h5n2, h5n6, and h5n8, cause high mortality in domestic birds, resulting in economic losses in the poultry industry. h5n1 and h5n6 also pose significant public health risks and h5n1 viruses are a permanent pandemic threat. to control hpaivs, eukaryotic expression systems have traditionally been exploited to produce vaccines based on hemagglutinin (ha), a protective viral antigen. in contrast, we used a ... | 2019 | 31552018 |
| insights into the acquisition of virulence of avian influenza viruses during a single passage in ferrets. | circulating avian influenza viruses pose a significant threat, with human infections occurring infrequently but with potentially severe consequences. to examine the dynamics and locale of the adaptation process of avian influenza viruses when introduced to a mammalian host, we infected ferrets with h5n1 viruses. as expected, all ferrets infected with the human h5n1 isolate a/vietnam/1203/2004 showed severe disease and virus replication outside the respiratory tract in multiple organs including t ... | 2019 | 31590265 |
| novel mutations evading avian immunity around the receptor binding site of the clade 2.3.2.1c hemagglutinin gene reduce viral thermostability and mammalian pathogenicity. | abstract: since 2007, highly pathogenic clade 2.3.2 h5n1 avian influenza a (a(h5n1)) viruses have evolved to clade 2.3.2.1a, b, and c; currently only 2.3.2.1c a(h5n1) viruses circulate in wild birds and poultry. during antigenic evolution, clade 2.3.2.1a and c a(h5n1) viruses acquired both s144n and v223i mutations around the receptor binding site of hemagglutinin (ha), with s144n generating an n-glycosylation sequon. we introduced single or combined reverse mutations, n144s and/or i223v, into t ... | 2019 | 31600990 |
| evolution of h5-type avian influenza a virus towards mammalian tropism in egypt, 2014 to 2015. | highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaiv) of the h5-subtype have circulated continuously in egypt since 2006, resulting in numerous poultry outbreaks and considerable sporadic human infections. the extensive circulation and wide spread of these viruses in domestic poultry have resulted in various evolutionary changes with a dramatic impact on viral transmission ability to contact mammals including humans. the transmitted viruses are either (1) adapted well enough in their avian hosts to ... | 2019 | 31703251 |
| highly pathogenic and low pathogenic avian influenza h5 subtype viruses in wild birds in ukraine. | there have been three waves of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) outbreaks in commercial, backyard poultry, and wild birds in ukraine. the first (2005-2006) and second (2008) waves were caused by h5n1 hpai virus, with 45 outbreaks among commercial poultry (chickens) and backyard fowl (chickens, ducks, and geese) in four regions of ukraine (ar crimea, kherson, odesa, and sumy oblast). h5n1 hpai viruses were isolated from dead wild birds: cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo) and great crested g ... | 2019 | 31713401 |
| phylogeny, pathogenicity, transmission, and host immune responses of four h5n6 avian influenza viruses in chickens and mice. | h5nx viruses have continuously emerged in the world, causing poultry industry losses and posing a potential public health risk. here, we studied the phylogeny, pathogenicity, transmission, and immune response of four h5n6 avian influenza viruses in chickens and mice, which were isolated from waterfowl between 2013 and 2014. their ha genes belong to clade 2.3.4.4, circulated in china since 2008. their na genes fall into n6-like/eurasian sublineage. their internal genes originated from different h ... | 2019 | 31717638 |
| the effect of a lipopolysaccharide from rhodobacter capsulatus pg on inflammation caused by various influenza strains. | the development of a specific inflammation in mice that had been infected by two influenza virus strains, a/chicken/kurgan/5/2005 (h5n1) and a/hamburg/2009 ma (h1n1), was studied. we investigated the effect of a non-toxic lipopolysaccharide from rhodobacter capsulatus pg on the survival and body weight of the mice, production of igg antibodies, and the induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood serum. the administration of the r. capsulatus pg lipopolysaccharide was shown to indu ... | 2020 | 31720016 |
| analysis of antibody response to an epitope in the haemagglutinin subunit 2 of avian influenza virus h5n1 for differentiation of infected and vaccinated chickens. | the h5n1 subtype of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus has been circulating in poultry in indonesia since 2003 and vaccination has been used as a strategy to eradicate the disease. however, monitoring of vaccinated poultry flocks for h5n1 infection by serological means has been difficult, as vaccine antibodies are not readily distinguishable from those induced by field viruses. therefore, a test that differentiates infected and vaccinated animals (diva) would be essential. currently, no sim ... | 2020 | 31738584 |
| immunopathological immunohistochemical study of low pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n1 infection in lovebirds (agapornis spp.) in indonesia. | to date, persistent infection with low pathogenic avian influenza virus (aiv) subtype h5n1 (lpai h5n1) in chickens is widespread in indonesia. commercially available ornamental birds on markets play an important role in triggering the occurrence of aiv outbreaks. thus, the presence of aiv in ornamental birds such as lovebirds needs to be closely monitored. here, the presence of lpai h5n1 was investigated in lovebirds with no clinical signs that, although apparently healthy, can be a continuous s ... | 2019 | 31749584 |
| highly pathogenic avian influenza h5 hemagglutinin fused with the a subunit of type iib escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin elicited protective immunity and neutralization by intranasal immunization in mouse and chicken models. | highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses are classified by the world organization for animal health (oie) as causes of devastating avian diseases. this study aimed to develop type iib escherichiacoli heat-labile enterotoxin (ltiib) as novel mucosal adjuvants for mucosal vaccine development. the fusion protein of h5 and ltiib-a subunit was expressed and purified for mouse and chicken intranasal immunizations. intranasal immunization with the h5-ltiib-a fusion protein in mice elicited potent neut ... | 2019 | 31766677 |
| genetic and pathogenic characteristics of clade 2.3.2.1c h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry outbreaks in laos during 2015-2018. | since 2004, there have been multiple outbreaks of h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses in laos. here, we isolated h5n1 hpai viruses from poultry outbreaks in laos during 2015-2018 and investigated their genetic characteristics and pathogenicity in chickens. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates belonged to clade 2.3.2.1c and that they differed from previous laos viruses with respect to genetic composition. in particular, the isolates were divided into two genotypes, eac ... | 2020 | 31769586 |
| comparative pathogenicity and transmissibility of pandemic h1n1, avian h5n1, and human h7n9 influenza viruses in tree shrews. | influenza a viruses (iavs) continuously challenge the poultry industry and human health. studies of iavs are still hampered by the availability of suitable animal models. chinese tree shrews (tupaia belangeri chinensis) are closely related to primates physiologically and genetically, which make them a potential animal model for human diseases. in this study, we comprehensively evaluated infectivity and transmissibility in chinese tree shrews by using pandemic h1n1 (a/sichuan/1/2009, pdmh1n1), av ... | 2019 | 31921093 |
| characterization of thermostable newcastle disease virus recombinants expressing the hemagglutinin of h5n1 avian influenza virus as bivalent vaccine candidates. | newcastle disease virus (ndv) has been used as a vector in the development of vaccines and gene delivery. in the present study, we generated the thermostable recombinant ndv (rndv) expressing the different forms of hemagglutinin (ha) of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) h5n1 based on the full-length cdna clone of thermostable ts09-c strain. the recombinant thermostable newcastle disease viruses, rts-ha, rts-ha1 and rts-tpas/ha1, expressed the ha, ha1 or modified ha1 protein with th ... | 2020 | 31937412 |
| assessing the susceptibility of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 viruses to oseltamivir using embryonated chicken eggs. | the susceptibility of influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) is studied using enzyme-based assays, sequence analysis and in vitro and in vivo studies. oseltamivir carboxylate (oc) is the active prodrug of the nai oseltamivir. there is lack of information on the use of embryonated chicken eggs for studying susceptibility of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 viruses to antiviral drugs. the aim of the present study was to assess the use of 10 day old embryonated chicken eg ... | 2019 | 31939392 |
| reassortment and adaptive mutations of an emerging avian influenza virus h7n4 subtype in china. | human infections with avian influenza viruses including h5, h7 and h9 hemagglutinin subtypes occur at a low rate. among human infections with h7 viruses, regional outbreaks with h7n2, h7n3, h7n7 and h7n9 have been documented. early in 2018, a human infection with a novel h7n4 avian influenza virus was reported in jiangsu, china. this study is aimed at understanding the probable origin and molecular features of this emerging h7n4 virus. genomic segments encoding hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminida ... | 2020 | 31951605 |
| efficacy of bivalent inactivated vaccine containing insect cell-expressed avian influenza h5 and egg-based newcastle disease virus (ndv) against dual infection with highly pathogenic h5n1 and velogenic ndv in chickens. | the genetic evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) in egypt has developed a new clade h5n1 (2.2.1.2) since 2014. meanwhile, the new avian influenza virus (aiv) clade mutually with the velogenic newcastle disease virus (ndv) isolate of genotype vii in egypt (genotype vii) has resulted in severe economic losses in the broiler industry. an inactivated bivalent vaccine containing h5 (belonging to h5n1 clade 2.3.2) recombinant baculovirus expressed by insect cell (rech5) and egg-based ... | 2019 | 31967431 |
| mouse adaptation of the h9n2 avian influenza virus causes the downregulation of genes related to innate immune responses and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis in mice. | h9n2 avian influenza viruses sporadically infect humans worldwide. these viruses have also contributed internal genes to h5n1, h5n6, h7n9, and h10n8 viruses, which have been isolated from humans with infections and are a substantial public health threat. to investigate the potential pathogenic mechanism of the h9n2 virus, we performed serial lung-to-lung passage of an avirulent h9n2 avian influenza virus (a/chicken/shandong/416/2016 [sd/416]) in mice to increase the pathogenicity of this virus. ... | 2020 | 31982962 |
| quantitative evaluation of viral interference among egyptian isolates of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (h5n1 and h5n8) with the lentogenic and velogenic newcastle disease virus genotype vii in specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs model. | mixed infections of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) and newcastle disease virus (ndv) are considered the most distressing problem of the poultry industry. the problem arises due to the influence of a hidden virus on the replication of another suspected virus. consequently, misdiagnosis of the real cause of disease may become a source of infection for other healthy stock by transmission and dissemination of the hidden virus. this study aimed to determine the impact of hpaiv an ... | 2019 | 32009763 |
| a recombinant avian paramyxovirus serotype 3 expressing the hemagglutinin protein protects chickens against h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus challenge. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) is a devastating disease of poultry and a serious threat to public health. vaccination with inactivated virus vaccines has been applied for several years as one of the major policies to control highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) infections in chickens. viral-vectored ha protein vaccines are a desirable alternative for inactivated vaccines. however, each viral vector possesses its own advantages and disadvantages for the development of a ha-ba ... | 2020 | 32042001 |
| the quail genome: insights into social behaviour, seasonal biology and infectious disease response. | the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) is a popular domestic poultry species and an increasingly significant model species in avian developmental, behavioural and disease research. | 2020 | 32050986 |
| an oleanolic acid derivative inhibits hemagglutinin-mediated entry of influenza a virus. | influenza a viruses (iav) have been a major public health threat worldwide, and options for antiviral therapy become increasingly limited with the emergence of drug-resisting virus strains. new and effective anti-iav drugs, especially for highly pathogenic influenza, with different modes of action, are urgently needed. the influenza virus glycoprotein hemagglutinin (ha) plays critical roles in the early stage of virus infection, including receptor binding and membrane fusion, making it a potenti ... | 2020 | 32085430 |
| author correction: a recombinant avian paramyxovirus serotype 3 expressing the hemagglutinin protein protects chickens against h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus challenge. | an amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. | 2020 | 32139794 |
| aptamer-based field-effect transistor for detection of avian influenza virus in chicken serum. | early diagnosis of the highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza virus (aiv) is significant for preventing and controlling a global pandemic. however, there is no existing electrical biosensor for detecting biomarkers for aiv in clinically relevant samples such as chicken serum. herein, we report the first use of an aptamer-functionalized field-effect transistor (fet) as a label-free sensor for aiv detection in chicken serum. a dna aptamer is employed as a sensitive and selective receptor for hemag ... | 2020 | 32148026 |
| structures of the mhc-i molecule bf2*1501 disclose the preferred presentation of an h5n1 virus-derived epitope. | lethal infections by strains of the highly-pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) h5n1 pose serious threats to both the poultry industry and public health worldwide. a lack of confirmed hpaiv epitopes recognized by cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) has hindered the utilization of cd8+ t-cell-mediated immunity and has precluded the development of effectively diversified epitope-based vaccination approaches. in particular, an hpaiv h5n1 ctl-recognized epitope based on the peptide mhc-i-β2m (pmhc-i) ... | 2020 | 32152225 |
| coexpression of soluble and membrane-bound avian influenza virus h5 by recombinant newcastle disease virus leads to an increase in antigen levels. | newcastle disease virus (ndv) vectors expressing avian influenza virus (aiv) haemagglutinin (ha) of subtype h5 simultaneously protect chickens from newcastle disease (nd) as well as avian influenza (ai). the expressed, membrane-bound surface protein ha is incorporated into virions while soluble ha has been described as a potent antigen. we tested whether co-expression of both ha variants from the same ndv vector increased the overall level of ha, which could be important for optimal immunogenici ... | 2020 | 32209169 |
| screening efficient sirnas in vitro as the candidate genes for chicken anti-avian influenza virus h5n1 breeding. | the frequent disease outbreaks caused by avian influenza virus (aiv) not only affect the poultry industry but also pose a threat to human safety. to address the problem, rna interference (rnai) has recently been widely used as a potential antiviral approach. transgenesis, in combination with rnai to specifically inhibit aiv gene expression, has been proposed to make chickens resistant to avian influenza. for the transgenic breeding, screening the efficient sirnas in vitro as the candidate genes ... | 2010 | 32214469 |
| insertion of basic amino acids in the hemagglutinin cleavage site of h4n2 avian influenza virus (aiv)-reduced virus fitness in chickens is restored by reassortment with highly pathogenic h5n1 aiv. | highly pathogenic (hp) avian influenza viruses (aivs) are naturally restricted to h5 and h7 subtypes with a polybasic cleavage site (cs) in hemagglutinin (ha) and any aiv with an intravenous pathogenicity index (ivpi) ≥ 1.2. although only a few non-h5/h7 viruses fulfill the criteria of hpaiv; it remains unclear why these viruses did not spread in domestic birds. in 2012, a unique h4n2 virus with a polybasic cs 322pekrrtr/g329 was isolated from quails in california which, however, was avirulent i ... | 2020 | 32231159 |
| immunization with the h5n1 recombinant vaccine candidate induces high protection in chickens against vietnamese highly pathogenic avian influenza virus strains. | abstract: vietnam is one of the countries most affected worldwide by the highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus, which caused enormous economic loss and posed threats to public health. over nearly two decades, with the antigenic changes in the diversified h5ny viruses, the limited protective efficacy of the available vaccines was encountered. therefore, it is necessary to approach a technology platform for the country to accelerate vaccine production that enables quick response to new in ... | 2020 | 32252383 |
| antiviral activity of chicken cathelicidin b1 against influenza a virus. | cathelicidins (caths) are host defense peptides (hdps) that play an important role in the innate immune response against infections. although multiple functions of cathelicidins have been described, including direct antimicrobial activity and several immunomodulatory effects on the host, relatively little is known about their antiviral activity. therefore, in vitro antiviral activity of chicken cathelicidins and the underlying mechanism was investigated in this study against different influenza ... | 2020 | 32265870 |
| highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 a/chicken/france/150169a/2015 presents in vitro characteristics consistent with its predicted tropism for avian species. | avian influenza a viruses are a major threat to animal and public health. since 1997, several highly pathogenic h5n1 avian viruses have been directly transmitted from poultry to humans, caused numerous human deaths, and had considerable economic impact on poultry markets. during 2015-2016, a highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak occurred in southwestern france. different subtypes circulated, including the a/chicken/france/150169a/2015 h5n1 highly pathogenic virus, which did not possess the ... | 2020 | 32267129 |
| baculovirus surface display of the ha protein of h5n2 avian influenza virus and its immunogenicity against a lethal challenge with h5n1 virus in chickens. | in the present study, we have generated several h5n2 ha recombinant baculoviruses for production of a ha subunit vaccine against the lethal h5n2 avian influenza virus (aiv). the effective display of functional ha on the cell membrane and baculoviral envelope was examined. our results reveal that chickens immunized with the chimeric aiv ha protein fused with the baculovirus gp64 cytoplasmic domain (ctd) induced higher hi titer. to further increase the expression level of the h5n2 aiv ha protein, ... | 2020 | 32273019 |
| modeling the spread of bird flu and predicting outbreak diversity. | avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, is an epidemic caused by h5n1 virus that primarily affects birds like chickens, wild water birds, etc. on rare occasions, these can infect other species including pigs and humans. in the span of less than a year, the lethal strain of bird flu is spreading very fast across the globe mainly in south east asia, parts of central asia, africa and europe. in order to study the patterns of spread of epidemic, we made an investigation of outbreaks of the epid ... | 2008 | 32288641 |
| development and evaluation of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test for quantitative and qualitative recognition of h5 subtype of avian influenza viruses. | avian influenza viruses (aiv) affect a wide range of birds and mammals, cause severe economic damage to the poultry industry, and pose a serious threat to humans. highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpai) h5n1 were first identified in southeast asia in 1996 and spread to four continents over the following years. the viruses have caused high mortality in chickens and various bird species and deadly infections in humans. multiple conventional methods have been so far introduced for the dete ... | 2020 | 32291998 |
| response to a dna vaccine against the h5n1 virus depending on the chicken line and number of doses. | avian influenza virus infections cause significant economic losses on poultry farms and pose the threat of a possible pandemic outbreak. routine vaccination of poultry against avian influenza is not recommended in europe, however it has been ordered in some other countries, and more countries are considering use of the avian influenza vaccine as a component of their control strategy. although a variety of such vaccines have been tested, most research has concentrated on specific antibodies and c ... | 2020 | 32381003 |
| surveillance of influenza a virus subtype h5n1 in a live bird market in yangon, myanmar: 2017-2018. | a survey of influenza a viruses (iavs) in the mingalar taung nyunt live bird market (mtn-lbm), yangon, myanmar, was conducted from december 2017 to december 2018. during the survey, 455 swab samples were collected from broilers, layers, backyard chickens and ducks from the mtn-lbm. ninety-one pooled samples were screened for iavs by real-time rt-pcr specific to the m gene. positive pooled samples were individually retested for iavs. in total, 2.63% of individual samples (12/455) were positive fo ... | 2020 | 32386461 |
| genetic and antigenic characterization of h5 and h7 avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory waterfowl in mongolia from 2017 to 2019. | the circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) of various subtypes (e.g., h5n1, h5n6, h5n8, and h7n9) in poultry remains a global concern for animal and public health. migratory waterfowls play important roles in the transmission of these viruses across countries. to monitor virus spread by wild birds, active surveillance for avian influenza in migratory waterfowl was conducted in mongolia from 2015 to 2019. in total, 5000 fecal samples were collected from lakesides in cen ... | 2020 | 32430568 |
| a modified live bat influenza a virus-based vaccine prototype provides full protection against hpaiv h5n1. | highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) of subtype h5 are a major threat for poultry holdings worldwide, here especially the zoonotic asian h5n1 viruses. these hpaivs have caused more than 500 fatal spillover infections from poultry to humans, with a looming danger of a new pandemic by establishing human-to-human transmissions. besides culling measures in infected farms in endemic areas, vaccination is the major tool against hpaiv. however, the mainly used inactivated preparations hav ... | 2020 | 32435514 |
| genotyping and reassortment analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses h5n8 and h5n2 from egypt reveals successive annual replacement of genotypes. | highly pathogenic (hp) h5n1, clade 2.2.1, and low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) h9n2 viruses, g1-b lineage, are endemic in poultry in egypt and have co-circulated for almost a decade. surprisingly, no inter-subtypic reassortment events have been reported from the field during that time. after the introduction of hpaiv h5n8, clade 2.3.4.4b, in egyptian poultry in 2016, suddenly hp h5n2 reassortants with h9n2 viruses emerged. the current analyses focussed on studying 32 duck flocks, 4 broiler ... | 2020 | 32454245 |
| pathological and molecular characterization of h5 avian influenza virus in poultry flocks from egypt over a ten-year period (2009-2019). | avian influenza virus (aiv) remains one of the enzootic zoonotic diseases that challenges the poultry industry in egypt. in the present study, a total of 500 tissue samples were collected from 100 chicken farms (broilers and layers) suspected to be infected with aiv through the period from 2009 to 2019 from dakahlia governorate, egypt. these samples were pooled in 100 working samples and screened for aiv then the positive samples were subjected to histopathological examination combined with real ... | 2020 | 32527004 |
| immune response and protective efficacy of inactivated and live influenza vaccines against homologous and heterosubtypic challenge. | inactivated (whole-virion, split, subunit, and adjuvanted) vaccines and live attenuated vaccine were tested in parallel to compare their immunogenicity and protective efficacy. homologous and heterosubtypic protection against the challenge with influenza h5n1 and h1n1 viruses in a mouse model were studied. single immunization with live or inactivated whole-virion h5n1 vaccine elicited a high level of serum antibodies and provided complete protection against the challenge with the lethal a/chicke ... | 2020 | 32571185 |
| contributions of ha1 and ha2 subunits of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in induction of neutralizing antibodies and protection in chickens. | highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) subtype h5n1 causes a devastating disease in poultry. vaccination is an effective method of controlling avian influenza virus (aiv) infection in poultry. the hemagglutinin (ha) protein is the major determinant recognized by the immune system of the host. cleavage of the ha precursor ha0 into ha1 and ha2 subunits is required for infectivity of the aiv. we evaluated the individual contributions of ha1 and ha2 subunits to the induction of hpaiv serum ... | 2020 | 32582071 |
| a77 1726, the active metabolite of the anti-rheumatoid arthritis drug leflunomide, inhibits influenza a virus replication in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the activity of janus kinases. | the newly reassorted iav subtypes from zoonotic reservoirs respond poorly to current vaccines and antiviral therapy. there is an unmet need in developing novel antiviral drugs for better control of iav infection. the cellular factors that are crucial for virus replication have been sought as novel molecular targets for antiviral therapy. recent studies have shown that janus kinases (jak), jak1, and jak2, play an important role in iav replication. leflunomide is an anti-inflammatory drug primaril ... | 2020 | 32598086 |
| patterns of avian influenza a (h5) and a (h9) virus infection in backyard, commercial broiler and layer chicken farms in bangladesh. | in order to control highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 and low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) h9n2 virus spread in endemically infected countries, a detailed understanding of infection patterns is required. we conducted cross-sectional studies in bangladesh in 2016 and 2017, on 144 backyard, 106 broiler and 113 layer chicken farms. although all sampled birds were negative for h5 virus by rt-pcr, h5 antibodies were detected in unvaccinated birds on all three farming systems. higher ... | 2020 | 32639112 |
| transmission experiments support clade-level differences in the transmission and pathogenicity of cambodian influenza a/h5n1 viruses. | influenza a/h5n1 has circulated in asia since 2003 and is now enzootic in many countries in that region. in cambodia, the virus has circulated since 2004 and has intermittently infected humans. during this period, we have noted differences in the rate of infections in humans, potentially associated with the circulation of different viral clades. in particular, a reassortant clade 1.1.2 virus emerged in early 2013 and was associated with a dramatic increase in infections of humans (34 cases) unti ... | 2020 | 32666894 |
| evolution and extensive reassortment of h5 influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in china over the past decade. | lethal infection of wild birds with different subtypes of h5 viruses continuously occur. to investigate the genetic evolution and pathogenicity of h5 viruses in wild birds, we performed a detailed genetic and biologic analysis of 27 viruses, including h5n1, h5n2, h5n6, and h5n8 subtypes, that were responsible for avian influenza outbreaks in wild birds in china over the past decade. we found that these 27 viruses, bearing different clades/subclades of ha, were complicated reassortants and formed ... | 2020 | 32686602 |
| 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide inhibits apoptosis in influenza a(h5n1) virus-infected human lung epithelial cells via the caspase-9-dependent intrinsic apoptotic pathway which contributes to its antiviral activity. | influenza a virus (iav) infection represents a global health challenge. excavating antiviral active components from traditional chinese medicine (tcm) is a promising anti-iav strategy. our previous studies have demonstrated that 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (dap), a major ingredient of a tcm herb called andrographis paniculata, shows anti-iav activity that is mainly effective against a/chicken/hubei/327/2004 (h5n1), a/duck/hubei/xn/2007 (h5n1), and a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) in vitro and in viv ... | 2020 | 32702348 |
| immunogenicity and efficacy comparison of mdck cell-based and egg-based live attenuated influenza vaccines of h5 and h7 subtypes in ferrets. | during a pandemic, the availability of specific pathogen free chicken eggs is a major bottleneck for up-scaling response to the demand for influenza vaccine. this has led us to explore the use of madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells for the manufacture of live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) that provides production flexibility and speed. the present study reports the comparison of the immunogenicity and efficacy of two mdck-based laivs against two egg-based laivs prepared from the same pa ... | 2020 | 32741671 |
| vaccine efficacy on the novel reassortant h9n2 virus in indonesia. | vaccination is one of the leading methods of controlling the spread of the avian influenza (ai) viruses in indonesia. the variety of circulating viruses and their ability to mutate must be followed by updating the vaccine master seed used in the field. in this study, we identified the reassortant h9n2 viruses in chicken farms that showed significant problems in decreased egg production with high mortality. the reassortant h9n2 viruses derived the pb2 gene from the h5n1 virus. the pathogenicity t ... | 2020 | 32785201 |
| avian influenza surveillance at the human-animal interface in lebanon, 2017. | avian influenza viruses (aivs) cause severe diseases in poultry and humans. in lebanon, aiv h9n2 was detected in 2006 and 2010 and h5n1 was detected in 2016. | 2020 | 32794162 |
| continuous reassortment of clade 2.3.4.4 h5n6 highly pathogenetic avian influenza viruses demonstrating high risk to public health. | since it firstly emerged in china in 2013, clade 2.3.4.4 h5n6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) has rapidly replaced predominant h5n1 to become the dominant h5 subtype in china, especially in ducks. not only endemic in china, it also crossed the geographical barrier and emerged in south korea, japan, and europe. here, we analyzed the genetic properties of the clade 2.3.4.4 h5n6 hpaivs with full genome sequences available online together with our own isolates. phylogenetic analys ... | 2020 | 32824873 |
| continued evolution of h5nx avian influenza viruses in bangladeshi live poultry markets: pathogenic potential in poultry and mammalian models. | the genesis of novel influenza viruses through reassortment poses a continuing risk to public health. this is of particular concern in bangladesh, where highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the a(h5n1) subtype are endemic and cocirculate with other influenza viruses. active surveillance of avian influenza viruses in bangladeshi live poultry markets detected three a(h5) genotypes, designated h5n1-r1, h5n1-r2, and h5n2-r3, that arose from reassortment of a(h5n1) clade 2.3.2.1a viruses. the ... | 2020 | 32907981 |
| orally administered recombinant baculovirus vaccine elicits partial protection against avian influenza virus infection in mice. | avian influenza outbreaks have placed a tremendous economic burden on the poultry industry, necessitating the need for an effective vaccine. although multiple vaccine candidates are available, its development is hindered by several drawbacks associated with the vaccine platforms and as such, more improvements to the vaccines are needed. therefore, in this study, the vaccine efficacy in the murine models was assessed prior to evaluation in chickens. an oral recombinant baculovirus (rbv) vaccine e ... | 2020 | 32910984 |
| enterotropism of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n8 from the 2016/2017 epidemic in some wild bird species. | in 2016/2017, h5n8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus of the goose/guangdong lineage spread from asia to europe, causing the biggest and most widespread hpai epidemic on record in wild and domestic birds in europe. we hypothesized that the wide dissemination of the 2016 h5n8 virus resulted at least partly from a change in tissue tropism from the respiratory tract, as in older hpaiv viruses, to the intestinal tract, as in low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) viruses, allowing more ef ... | 2020 | 32928280 |
| experimental infection and pathology of two highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 viruses isolated from crow and chicken in house crows (corvus splendens). | we investigated the experimental infection of two highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 viruses isolated from crow (a/crow/assam/142119/2008) and chicken (a/chicken/sikkim/151466/2009) in house crows (corvus splendens). both viruses caused infection in crows, where four out of six and three out of six crows succumbed to h5n1 infection within 11 days post challenge by crow and chicken viruses, respectively. the major clinical signs in crows were wing paralysis, circling and torticollis. the viru ... | 2020 | 32985206 |
| cross-protection by inactivated h5 pre-pandemic vaccine seed strains against diverse goose/guangdong lineage h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. | the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) h5n1 a/goose/guangdong/1996 lineage (gs/gd) is endemic in poultry across several countries in the world, and has caused lethal, sporadic infections in humans. vaccines are important in hpai control for both poultry and in pre-pandemic preparedness in humans. this study assessed inactivated pre-pandemic vaccine strains in a one health framework, focusing on the genetic and antigenic diversity of field h5n1 gs/gd viruses from the agricultural sec ... | 2020 | 32999029 |
| outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (h5n6) virus subclade 2.3.4.4h in swans, xinjiang, western china, 2020. | in january 2020, the subclade 2.3.4.4h of highly pathogenic avian influenza (h5n6) virus infected migratory whooper swans and mute swans in xinjiang, western china. the virus is lethal to chickens and ducks but has low pathogenicity in mice. antigenically, this subclade is similar to the h5n1 vaccine seed virus re-11. | 2020 | 33030424 |
| immunization with plant-derived multimeric h5 hemagglutinins protect chicken against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n1. | since 2003, h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaiv) have not only caused outbreaks in poultry but were also transmitted to humans with high mortality rates. vaccination is an efficient and economical means of increasing immunity against infections to decrease the shedding of infectious agents in immunized animals and to reduce the probability of further infections. subunit vaccines from plants are the focus of modern vaccine developments. in this study, plant-made hemagglutinin (h ... | 2020 | 33050224 |
| haemagglutinin displayed on the surface of lactococcus lactis confers broad cross-clade protection against different h5n1 viruses in chickens. | the highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus poses a potential threat to the poultry industry. the currently available avian influenza h5n1 vaccines for poultry are clade-specific. therefore, an effective vaccine for preventing and controlling h5n1 viruses belonging to different clades needs to be developed. | 2020 | 33059676 |
| serological evidence of avian influenza virus subtype h5 and h9 in live bird market, myanmar. | avian influenza (ai), caused by alphainfluenzaviruses (aivs), is a contagious respiratory disease in birds and mammals. aivs have been reported in poultry worldwide and the impact of aivs on human health is immense. in this study, a serological survey of aiv subtype h5 and h9 was conducted in a live bird market (lbm) in yangon, myanmar during february 2016 to september 2016. a total of 621 serum samples were collected from chickens (n = 489) and ducks (n = 132) from 48 vendors in the lbm. the sa ... | 2020 | 33091862 |
| evaluation of the immune status of birds and domestic and companion animals for the influenza a virus in eastern saudi arabia. | influenza type a virus infections are still one of the major concerns for the health of humans and various species of domestic and companion animals. wild birds play an essential role in the transmission cycle of the virus. regularly monitoring the spread of the virus is a significant step in its mitigation. highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, including h5n1 and h5n8, have been reported in birds in the arabian peninsula, including saudi arabia, in recent decades. this study aimed to evalu ... | 2020 | 33132612 |
| variability of nonpathogenic influenza virus h5n3 under immune pressure. | mutations arising in influenza viruses that have undergone immune pressure may promote a successful spread of mutants in nature. in order to evaluate the variability of nonpathogenic influenza virus a/duck/moscow/4182-c/2010(h5n3) and to determine the common epitopes between it and highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza viruses (hpaiv), a set of escape mutants was selected due to action of mabs specific against a/chicken/pennsylvania/8125/83(h5n2), a/vietnam/1203/04(h5n1) and a/duck/novosibirsk/ ... | 2020 | 33151742 |
| factors influencing chicken farmers' decisions to implement prevention and control measures to reduce avian influenza virus spread under endemic conditions. | the ongoing circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 poses a threat to both poultry and public health. adapting the constructs of the health belief model (hbm) framework, we investigated perceptions of backyard, commercial broiler and layer chicken farmers to implement hpai prevention and control measures in bangladesh. two cross-sectional studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 on 144 backyard, 106 broiler and 113 layer chicken farms. using structural equation modelling, we ... | 2020 | 33241659 |
| efficacy of soya protein concentrates on the performance and immunity of broiler chickens. | this study examines the supplementation of soy protein concentrates (spc) in the diet of straight run broiler chickens and its effect on their immunity and productive performance. eight hundred ross 308 mixed chicks were randomly assigned to four varied dietary treatments (200 birds each), four replicates per dietary treatment (50 chicks/replicate). the diets were a control without supplement (t0) or supplemented with t1 (7g), t2 (8g), and t3 (9g)/bird of 5% spc, which replaced sbm in the basal ... | 2020 | 33251252 |
| comparative infectivity and transmissibility studies of wild-bird and chicken-origin highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses h5n8 in chickens. | despite the recent advances in avian influenza viruses surveillance and genomic data, fundamental questions concerning the ecology and evolution of these viruses remain elusive. in egypt, h5n8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) are co-circulating simultaneously with hpaivs of subtypes h5n1 and low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (lpaivs) of subtype h9n2 in both commercial and backyard poultry. in order to isolate aivs from wild birds and to assess their potential in causing in ... | 2020 | 33271478 |
| the effect of i155t, k156q, k156e and n186k mutations in hemagglutinin on the virulence and reproduction of influenza a/h5n1 viruses. | the continued circulation of influenza a virus subtype h5 may cause the emergence of new potential pandemic virus variants, which can be transmitted from person to person. the occurrence of such variants is mainly related to mutations in hemagglutinin (ha). previously we discovered mutations in h5n1 influenza virus hemagglutinin, which contributes to virus immune evasion. the purpose of this work was to study the role of these mutations in changing other, non-antigenic properties of the virus an ... | 2020 | 33276361 |
| structural and biophysical insights into the tcrαβ complex in chickens. | in this work, chicken hpaiv h5n1 epitope-specific tcrαβ (ch-tcrαβ) was isolated and its structure was determined. the cα domain of ch-tcrαβ does not exhibit the typical structure of human tcrαβ, and the de loop extends outward, resulting in close proximity between the cα domain of ch-tcrαβ and cd3εδ/γ. the fg loop of the cβ domain of ch-tcrαβ is shorter. the changes in the c domains of ch-tcrαβ and the difference in chicken cd3εδ/γ confirm that the complexes formed by tcrαβ and cd3εδ/γ differ fr ... | 2020 | 33305184 |
| a single dose of inactivated oil-emulsion bivalent h5n8/h5n1 vaccine protects chickens against the lethal challenge of both highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. | in this study, two highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n8 viruses were isolated from chicken and geese in 2018 and 2019 (chicken/me-2018 and geese/egypt/mg4/2019). the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase gene analyses revealed their close relatedness to the clade-2.3.4.4b h5n8 viruses isolated from egypt and eurasian countries. a monovalent inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine containing a reassortant virus with ha gene of the chicken/me-2018/h5n8 strain and a bivalent vaccine containing same rea ... | 2020 | 33307456 |
| role of the hemagglutinin residue 227 in immunogenicity of h5 and h7 subtype avian influenza vaccines in chickens. | many h5 and h7 subtype avian influenza vaccines are poorly immunogenic in terms of inducing hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibody titers. residue 227 (h3 numbering) in the receptor binding site in the hemagglutinin (ha) is critical for the detectability of hi antibodies induced by h5 influenza vaccines. however, whether the effect of residue 227 on immunogenicity can be generalized in different subtypes is unclear. in this study, the impact of ha residue 227 on immunogenicity of h5n1, h5n6, ... | 2020 | 33347548 |
| protection of chickens with maternal immunity against avian influenza virus (aiv) by vaccination with a novel recombinant newcastle disease virus vector. | newcastle disease virus (ndv) vectors expressing avian influenza virus (aiv) hemagglutinin of subtype h5 protect specific pathogen-free chickens from newcastle disease and avian influenza. however, maternal aiv antibodies (aiv-mda+) are known to interfere with active immunization by influencing vaccine virus replication and gene expression, resulting in inefficient protection. to overcome this disadvantage, we inserted a transgene encoding a truncated soluble hemagglutinin (ha) in addition to th ... | 2020 | 33347549 |
| the effect of i155t, k156q, k156e and n186k mutations in hemagglutinin on the virulence and reproduction of influenza a/h5n1 viruses. | the continued circulation of influenza a virus subtype h5 may cause the emergence of new potential pandemic virus variants, which can be transmitted from person to person. the occurrence of such variants is mainly related to mutations in hemagglutinin (ha). previously we discovered mutations in h5n1 influenza virus hemagglutinin, which contributes to virus immune evasion. the purpose of this work was to study the role of these mutations in changing other, non-antigenic properties of the virus an ... | 2021 | 33424035 |
| retraction notice to modified newcastle disease virus vectors expressing the h5 hemagglutinin induce enhanced protection against highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza virus in chickens vaccine 32(35) (2014) 4428-4435. | 2021 | 33446369 | |
| a risk marker of tribasic hemagglutinin cleavage site in influenza a (h9n2) virus. | low pathogenic avian influenza a(h9n2) virus is endemic worldwide and continually recruit internal genes to generate human-infecting h5n1, h5n6, h7n9, and h10n8 influenza variants. here we show that hemagglutinin cleavage sites (hacs) of h9n2 viruses tended to mutate towards hydrophilic via evolutionary transition, and the tribasic hacs were found at high prevalence in asia and the middle east. our finding suggested that the tribasic h9n2 viruses increased the viral replication, stability, patho ... | 2021 | 33452423 |
| a broad spectrum hvt-h5 avian influenza vector vaccine which induces a rapid onset of immunity. | current methods to combat highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) outbreaks in poultry rely on stamping out and preventive culling, which can lead to high economic losses and invoke ethical resistance. emergency vaccination could be an alternative as vaccination is one of the most efficient and cost-effective measures to protect poultry from hpai infection, preventing spreading to other poultry and greatly reducing the potential transmission to humans. current conventional inactivated ai vaccin ... | 2021 | 33483211 |
| self-amplifying pestivirus replicon rna encoding influenza virus nucleoprotein and hemagglutinin promote humoral and cellular immune responses in pigs. | self-amplifying replicon rna (reprna) promotes expansion of mrna templates encoding genes of interest through their replicative nature, thus providing increased antigen payloads. reprna derived from the non-cytopathogenic classical swine fever virus (csfv) targets monocytes and dendritic cells (dcs), potentially promoting prolonged antigen expression in the dcs, contrasting with cytopathogenic reprna. we engineered pestivirus reprna constructs encoding influenza virus h5n1 (a/chicken/yamaguchi/7 ... | 2021 | 33584723 |
| elicitation of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 m2e and ha2-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune response in chicken following immunization with recombinant m2e-ha2 fusion protein. | the study was aimed to evaluate the elicitation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus (aiv) m2e and ha2-specific immunity in chicken to develop broad protective influenza vaccine against hpai h5n1. based on the analysis of indian aiv h5n1 sequences, the conserved regions of extracellular domain of m2 protein (m2e) and ha2 were identified. synthetic gene construct coding for m2e and two immunodominant ha2 conserved regions was designed and synthesized after codon optimization. the fus ... | 2021 | 33614753 |
| exosomal mirna profiling from h5n1 avian influenza virus-infected chickens. | exosomes are membrane vesicles containing proteins, lipids, dna, mrna, and micro rna (mirna). exosomal mirna from donor cells can regulate the gene expression of recipient cells. here, ri chickens were divided into resistant (mx/a; bf2/b21) and susceptible (mx/g; bf2/b13) trait by genotyping of mx and bf2 genes. then, ri chickens were infected with h5n1, a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv). exosomes were purified from blood serum of resistant chickens for small rna sequencing. sequ ... | 2021 | 33658079 |
| potential risk factors of avian influenza virus infection in asymptomatic commercial chicken flocks in selected areas of bangladesh during 2019. | avian influenza is a zoonotic disease with a pandemic potential that can infect avian and mammalian species, including humans. studies aimed at investigating avian influenza virus (aiv) status in asymptomatic chickens and their shedding are uncommon in bangladesh. therefore, the current study aimed to examine the distribution of aiv subtypes in asymptomatic commercial chicken flocks and to identify the possible risk factors associated with this infection in two selected sub-districts of banglade ... | 2021 | 33860012 |
| characterization of four novel h5n6 avian influenza viruses with the internal genes from h5n1 and h9n2 viruses and experimental challenge of chickens vaccinated with current commercially available h5 vaccines. | since 2014, highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n6 viruses have been responsible for outbreaks in poultry. in this study, four h5n6 virus strains were isolated from faecal samples of sick white ducks and dead chickens in shandong in 2019. these h5n6 viruses were triple-reassortant viruses that have not been previously characterized. their ha genes were derived from the h5 viruses and were closely related to the vaccine strain re-11. their na genes all fell into the n6-like lineage and the intern ... | 2021 | 33872465 |
| high immune efficacy against different avian influenza h5n1 viruses due to oral administration of a saccharomyces cerevisiae-based vaccine in chickens. | a safe and effective vaccine is the best way to control large-scale highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpai) a (h5n1) outbreaks. saccharomyces cerevisiae (s. cerevisiae) is an ideal mucosal delivery vector for vaccine development, and we have previously shown that conventional administration of a s. cerevisiae-based vaccine (eby100/pyd1-ha) via injection led to protection against the homologous h5n1 virus in a mouse model. because the diameter of s. cerevisiae is approximately 10 μm, which ... | 2021 | 33903693 |
| efficacy of two vaccines against recent emergent antigenic variants of clade 2.3.2.1a highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in bangladesh. | h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) have caused outbreaks in poultry in bangladesh since 2007. while clade 2.2.2 and 2.3.4.2 hpaivs have not been detected since 2012, clade 2.3.2.1a viruses have caused continuous outbreaks since 2012 despite the use of vaccines. in this study, we evaluated the efficacy of two h5 vaccines licensed in bangladesh, re-6 inactivated vaccine, and a recombinant herpesvirus of turkeys vaccine with an h5 insert (rhvt-h5), for protection against recent ... | 2021 | 33910774 |
| a novel epitope-blocking elisa for specific and sensitive detection of antibodies against h5-subtype influenza virus hemagglutinin. | h5-subtype highly pathogenic (hp) avian influenza viruses (aivs) cause high mortality in domestic birds and sporadic infections in humans with a frequently fatal outcome, while h5n1 viruses have pandemic potential. due to veterinary and public health significance, these hpaivs, as well as low pathogenicity (lp) h5-subtype aivs having a propensity to mutate into hp viruses, are under epidemiologic surveillance and must be reported to the world organization for animal health (oie). our previous wo ... | 2021 | 33931074 |