Publications

mosquito surveillance and polymerase chain reaction detection of west nile virus, new york state.	west nile (wn) virus was detected in the metropolitan new york city (nyc) area during the summer and fall of 1999. sixty-two human cases, 7 fatal, were documented. the new york state department of health initiated a departmental effort to implement a statewide mosquito and virus surveillance system. during the 2000 arbovirus surveillance season, we collected 317,676 mosquitoes, submitted 9,952 pools for virus testing, and detected 363 wn virus-positive pools by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). e ...	2001	11585526
dead crow densities and human cases of west nile virus, new york state, 2000.	in 2000, staten island, new york, reported 10 human west nile virus cases and high densities of dead crows. surrounding counties with <2 human cases had moderate dead crow densities, and upstate counties with no human cases had low dead crow densities. monitoring such densities may be helpful because this factor may be determined without the delays associated with specimen collection and testing.	2001	11585529
west nile virus infection in birds and mosquitoes, new york state, 2000.	west nile (wn) virus was found throughout new york state in 2000, with the epicenter in new york city and surrounding counties. we tested 3,403 dead birds and 9,954 mosquito pools for wn virus during the transmission season. sixty-three avian species, representing 30 families and 14 orders, tested positive for wn virus. the highest proportion of dead birds that tested positive for wn virus was in american crows in the epicenter (67% positive, n=907). eight mosquito species, representing four gen ...	2001	11585532
exposure of domestic mammals to west nile virus during an outbreak of human encephalitis, new york city, 1999.	we evaluated west nile (wn) virus seroprevalence in healthy horses, dogs, and cats in new york city after an outbreak of human wn virus encephalitis in 1999. two (3%) of 73 horses, 10 (5%) of 189 dogs, and none of 12 cats tested positive for wn virus-neutralizing antibodies. domestic mammals should be evaluated as sentinels for local wn virus activity and predictors of the infection in humans.	2001	11585540
west nile virus outbreak among horses in new york state, 1999 and 2000.	west nile (wn) virus was identified in the western hemisphere in 1999. along with human encephalitis cases, 20 equine cases of wn virus were detected in 1999 and 23 equine cases in 2000 in new york. during both years, the equine cases occurred after human cases in new york had been identified.	2001	11585543
highly active antiretroviral therapy associated with improved anemia among hiv-infected women.	anemia is common during human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and is associated with increased mortality. we conducted a study to examine the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) on anemia in a multicenter cohort of hiv-positive women, the human immunodeficiency virus epidemiology research (her) study. among women receiving haart (n = 188), non-haart monotherapy or combination antiretroviral therapy (art) (n = 111), or who had no reported treatment (n = 62), the prevalen ...	2001	11587633
quality of life and risk perception among predominantly heterosexual, minority individuals with hiv/aids.	the objective of this study was to examine the quality-of-life concerns of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals and to assess their perceptions of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and the need for safer sex, in light of treatment advances. respondents were recruited from seven aids service organizations in new york city, and the total sample consisted of 196 hiv-infected individuals. the sample consisted largely of heterosexual, african americans, and latinos. respon ...	2001	11587634
west nile virus infection in mosquitoes, birds, horses, and humans, staten island, new york, 2000.	west nile (wn) virus transmission in the united states during 2000 was most intense on staten island, new york, where 10 neurologic illnesses among humans and 2 among horses occurred. wn virus was isolated from aedes vexans, culex pipiens, cx. salinarius, ochlerotatus triseriatus, and psorophora ferox, and wn viral rna was detected in anopheles punctipennis. an elevated weekly minimum infection rate (mir) for cx. pipiens and increased dead bird density were present for 2 weeks before the first h ...	2001	11589172
the applications of capture-recapture models to epidemiological data.	capture-recapture methodology, originally developed for estimating demographic parameters of animal populations, has been applied to human populations. this tutorial reviews various closed capture-recapture models which are applicable to ascertainment data for estimating the size of a target population based on several incomplete lists of individuals. most epidemiological approaches merging different lists and eliminating duplicate cases are likely to be biased downwards. that is, the final merg ...	2001	11590637
west nile encephalitis: an emerging disease in the united states.	in 1999, an epidemic of west nile virus (wnv) encephalitis occurred in new york city (nyc) and 2 surrounding new york counties. simultaneously, an epizootic among american crows and other bird species occurred in 4 states. indigenous transmission of wnv had never been documented in the western hemisphere until this epidemic. in 2000, the epizootic expanded to 12 states and the district of columbia, and the epidemic continued in nyc, 5 new jersey counties, and 1 connecticut county. in addition to ...	2001	11595987
relapse in persons treated for drug-susceptible tuberculosis in a population with high coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus in new york city.	the optimal duration of tuberculosis treatment for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has been debated. a cohort of 4571 culture-positive drug-susceptible patients who received > or =24 weeks of standard 4-drug tuberculosis treatment were assessed to determine the incidence of tuberculosis relapse. tuberculosis "recurrence" was defined as having a positive culture < 30 days after the last treatment date and "relapse" as having a positive culture > or =30 days after the last ...	2001	11595988
spitzka and spitzka on the brains of the assassins of presidents.	although four american presidents have been assassinated (lincoln, garfield, mckinley, kennedy), only the assassins of garfield (charles julius guiteau) and mckinley (leon franz czolgosz) were tried, convicted, and executed for their crime. in 1882 edward charles spitzka, a young new york neurologist with a growing reputation as an alienist, testified at the trial of guiteau. he was the only expert witness who was asked, based on his personal examination of the prisoner, a direct question concer ...	1995	11619027
william a. hammond, the dynamograph, and bogus neurologic testimony in old new york.	april 25, 1870, court of general sessions, new york city, doctor william a. hammond, neurologist and former surgeon general of the united states army, testified at the trial of his patient daniel mcfarland. mcfarland had fatally wounded famous journalist albert richardson in november of 1869. dr. hammond said mcfarland suffered from temporary insanity due to cerebral congestion from over use of the brain. hammond told the jury he had, "devoted the last five years of his professional life exclusi ...	1997	11619862
"the man who made peekskill famous": dr. c.r. johnston--first blind chiropractor.	can a blind person be taught the art and science of chiropractic? if so, can a blind chiropractor be successful in practice? in 1918, charles robinson "c.r." johnston, at the age of thirty-nine, was graduated from the palmer school of chiropractic--becoming not only the first blind d.c., but also one of the best known and most successful of his era. he practiced for twenty-five years in the small hudson valley community of peekskill, new york, where his reputation as a "miracle healer" attracte ...	1998	11623685
the impact of the beat generation and popular culture on the development of martha rogers's theory of the science of unitary beings.	in the 1940s and 1950s, greenwich village, and new york city in general, were places that were participating in great change. beat generation writers, pop artists and contemporary musicians were redefining their crafts. in the midst of all this lived martha rogers, who was redefining her craft, nursing. in this paper the author argues, in what could be defined as a beginning and informal hermeneutic analysis, that in order to fully understand the science of unitary human beings it is necessary t ...	1999	11624214
[the rockefeller foundation, the carlsberg foundation and danish medical biology in the interwar years. effects on research and education throughout the 20th century].	three large scientific institutes were built in copenhagen, denmark, between 1928 and 1938 supported by the rockefeller foundation in new york. the three institutes were: the rockefeller institute of copenhagen, juliane mariesvej, the biological institute of the carlsberg foundation, and the institute of human genetics, both on tagensvej (the carlsberg foundation in copenhagen participated in the financing of the two first ones.) in the same period the rockefeller foundation supported the constr ...	1999	11639166
health rights issue emerges in el salvador.	institute of medicine members alfred gellhorn and robert lawrence visited el salvador in january as observers for the american association for the advancement of science, the national academy of sciences, the new york academy of sciences, and the international league for human rights. their findings paralleled those of an earlier delegation--"a virtually complete breakdown of the health system" and continuing violence against health professionals. a number of scientific organizations in the u. ...	1983	11643956
"baby doe" squad adviser says hhs was insensitive.	the department of health and human services has been accused of "insensitive and arbitrary" behavior while investigating a possible violation of its "baby doe" regulations by a rochester, n.y., hospital. dr. frederick wirth, a virginia neonatologist who had agreed to advise dhhs teams on the care of handicapped newborns, was sent to rochester without special authority to review patients' records in new york. dhhs personnel were already at the hospital, examining medical records without permiss ...	1983	11644005
in jail for refusing to testify: is forced feeding justified?	on 16 november 1983, a u.s. district court judge granted the federal government's request that prison officials be allowed to force feed ramon sanchez, a hunger striking prisoner. levine briefly describes the events leading to the court's involvement and summarizes the reasoning behind its decision. declining to draw an analogy between the prisoner's refusing food and a patient's refusing life-prolonging treatment, the judge ruled that force feeding was permissible because sanchez's hunger str ...	1984	11644129
inquiry clears ethics of child aggression study.		1999	11645153
'baby doe' proposed reg suffers setback in court.		1983	11645566
new york state association for retarded children, inc. v. rockefeller. 10 apr 1973.		1973	11646030
decision to pursue baby doe case born in confusion at hhs.		1983	11646342
judge bars birth control notification.		1983	11646363
waiting in line for life.		1988	11646672
court orders blue cross to pay for transplant in an aids case.		1990	11646773
tb carriers see clash of liberty and health: tuberculosis -- a killer returns.		1992	11646941
researchers admit study with drugs had no o.k.		1993	11646994
frozen embryos' fate awaits l.i. custody battle.		1994	11647038
after helping wife die, man considers plea deal.		1996	11647091
man who helped wife die to serve six months.		1996	11647116
man will get prison term for helping his wife kill herself.		1996	11647128
state court expands human rights law.		1996	11647178
experiments on children are reviewed: research involved now-banned drug.		1998	11647299
souter questions a curb on doctors: justices skeptical of federal bar to advice on abortion.		1990	11647430
u.s. says 2 chinese offered organs from the executed.		1998	11647604
arrests put focus on human organs from china.		1998	11647606
man accused of assisting wife's suicide.		1999	11647669
man sues wife on abortion done without his knowing.		1988	11647847
jailing of man with aids spurs legal debate.		1993	11647933
judge tells health department to stop experiments on patients.		1995	11648000
new york seeks to tighten rules on medical research.		1996	11648036
not bad enough to die: laws force life support on a man who never could consent.		1997	11648059
health panel seeks sweeping changes in fertility therapy.		1998	11648069
study or human experiment? face-lift project stirs ethical concerns.		1998	11648090
state of new york v. schweiker.	in a suit challenging the legality of u.s. department of health and human services (dhhs) regulations requiring federally-funded family planning services to notify parents or guardians when contraceptives were prescribed for an unemancipated minor, the u.s. district court temporarily prohibited the secretary of dhhs from enforcing the regulations. the court ruled that the plaintiff physicians had demonstrated that their patients would suffer irreparable harm if the regulations were permitted to ...	1983	11648206
u.s. v. university hospital, state univ. of new york.	the defendant hospital was the setting for treatment of an infant suffering from spina bifida, hydrocephalus, and other serious defects. after the infant's parents opted for a conservative form of treatment rather than surgery, the federal government, in response to a complaint, launched an investigation to determine if the hospital's failure to treat the infant surgically constituted discrimination against a handicapped person in violation of the federal rehabilitation act. after the defendan ...	1983	11648241
new york v. sullivan.	the plaintiffs challenged regulations promulgated by the u.s. secretary of health and human services, under title x of the public health service act, that bar federal funding to programs where abortion is a method of family planning. the regulations prohibit funding activities, including counseling, that 'assist' a woman to obtain an abortion. the regulations also demand separation of funded projects from projects that encourage abortion. the plaintiffs argued that the regulations impermissib ...	1989	11648392
new york v. bowen.	the state of new york brought suit against the secretary of the u.s. department of health and human services, seeking to declare unconstitutional regulations that denied title x funding to clinics that counseled women about abortion or referred them to abortion clinics. the u.s. district court noted that, while the statutory language authorizing the secretary to promulgate regulations did not speak directly to the issue, the legislative history and subsequent legislation manifested no clear con ...	1988	11648393
united states v. university hospital, state univ. of new york.	the united states brought suit against the university hospital, suny-stony brook, to gain access by the department of health and human services to the medical records of baby jane doe, claiming that the hospital had violated the federal rehabilitation act by discriminating against the infant as a handicapped person. the u.s. court of appeals held that the statute was not applicable to a decision for medical treatment. although the hospital was ready to perform corrective surgery on the infant, ...	1984	11648496
barrett v. united states.	in considering a suit brought against the u.s. government and other officials arising from the 1953 death of a civilian who unknowingly served as a subject for an army chemical warfare experiment, the u.s. district court for the southern district of new york dismissed some claims and permitted the rest to proceed to trial. the victim, while a patient at the new york state psychiatric institute, had been injected with a mescaline derivative to determine the effects of psychoactive drugs on psych ...	1985	11648533
doe v. city of new york.	the plaintiff, john doe, together with other former pan am airlines employees, interviewed for a position with delta airlines. when he was refused a job, doe filed a complaint with new york city's human rights commission charging that delta discriminated against him because he was a single gay male suspected of being hiv positive. the commission, delta, and doe reached a conciliation agreement that included a confidentiality clause providing that, except as required by law or with doe's consent, ...	1994	11648619
researchers and subpoenas: the troubling precedent of the selikoff case.		1989	11650287
community consultation and aids clinical trials, part i.		1991	11651047
community consultation and aids clinical trials; part ii.		1991	11651480
infant doe and baby jane doe: medical treatment of the handicapped newborn.		1985	11651855
recent governmental action regarding the treatment of seriously ill newborns.		1985	11651864
prenatal wrongful death.	in tebbutt v. virostek (1985), the new york court of appeals dismissed a suit for emotional distress caused by the stillbirth of an infant allegedly resulting from medical malpractice. steinbock argues that parents should be able to recover for emotional anguish in cases like tebbutt. some states currently allow them to do so by recognizing prenatal wrongful death suits, which focus on the unborn. steinbock maintains that a better legal approach would be to allow recovery for the negligent in ...	1987	11651905
management of hiv infection in new york state prisons.		1990	11652177
perspectives of protocol reviewers.		1994	11653327
baby jane doe ruling upheld; suit fails.		1983	11653509
acog, ama object to new 'baby doe' rule.		1984	11653543
disabled infant's parents win again.		1984	11653558
ethical conflict among clinical psychologists and other mental health workers.		1982	11653682
choosing death: the ethics of assisted suicide.		1996	11654382
physicians and the death penalty.		1995	11654617
understanding abortion via different scholarly methodologies: book review essay.	erde review three works that in his opinion have made important contributions to the abortion debate: abortion policy: an evaluation of the consequences for maternal and infant health, by jerome s. legge, jr. (albany: state university of new york press; 1985); abortion and the politics of motherhood, by kristen luker (berkeley: university of california press; 1984); and abortion: moral and legal perspective, edited by j.l. garfield and p. hennessey (amherst: university of massachusetts press; ...	1986	11655806
community-based aids research.		1990	11656281
irbs under the microscope.		1998	11656936
state law on human research did not protect subjects' rights: t.d. v. new york state office of mental health (part i)		2000	11658037
state regulations on protecting mentally disabled research subjects are ruled invalid.		1999	11658062
force-feeding hunger-striking prisoners: a framework for analysis.		1983	11658424
informed choice: physicians' duty to disclose nonreadily available alternatives.		1993	11659829
beyond nuremberg: fifty years later, the debate continues on informed consent.		1997	11660466
new york state laws on protection of human subjects versus federal regulations: t.d. v. new york state office of mental health (part iii)		1999	11660760
court says state agency avoided usual way of reporting problems with human subjects: t.d. v. new york state office of mental health (part ii)		2000	11660763
health policy--ensuring informed consent in human experimentation: a comparison of the approaches of two states.		1979	11661816
protecting rights of subjects in psychological research in the u.s.a.		1979	11661907
abortion: the five-year revolution and its impact.		1973	11663390
amendment no. 336.		1975	11663619
byrn and roe: the threshold question and juridical review.		1978	11664059
constitutional law--abortion--statute defining "justifiable abortional act" not unconstitutional--constitution does not confer or require legal personality for unborn.		1973	11664235
medical treatment of minors under new york law: committee report.		1980	11665153
post-traumatic infection.		2001	11668849
[hiv law project. immigrants get informed!].		2001	11678079
west nile virus: a case study in how ny state health information infrastructure facilitates preparation and response to disease outbreaks.	new york's (ny) health information network (hin) provided timely access to west nile virus (wnv) data during the initial outbreak in the late summer 1999. in december 1999, ny developed a plan to deal with wnv in 2000 that required an integrated surveillance system for humans, birds, mammals, and mosquitoes. the hin infrastructure allowed ny to deploy this system statewide in three months. local health departments throughout ny used the system to report, track, and retrieve surveillance data as ...	2001	11680034
the association between local fish consumption and dde, mirex, and hcb concentrations in the breast milk of mohawk women at akwesasne.	a study was conducted to assess the extent to which the consumption of local fish contaminated with p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (p,p'-dde), mirex, and hexachlorobenzene (hcb) has impacted the concentrations of these compounds in the milk of nursing mohawk women residing along the st. lawrence river. from 1986 to 1992, 97 mohawk women were interviewed, and each donated a one-time sample of at least 50 ml of breast milk. the comparison population consisted of 154 caucasians from other r ...	2001	11687911
sept. 11's lessons in disaster care.		2001	11688112
a founder mutation in presenilin 1 causing early-onset alzheimer disease in unrelated caribbean hispanic families.	genetic determinants of alzheimer disease (ad) have not been comprehensively examined in caribbean hispanics, a population in the united states in whom the frequency of ad is higher compared with non-hispanic whites.	2001	11710891
lyme disease in new york state: spatial pattern at a regional scale.	lyme disease occurs commonly in new york state, but its geographic distribution is heterogeneous. over each of nine consecutive years, incidence rates from 57 new york state counties were subjected to spatial autocorrelation analysis. although the epidemic advanced during the study period, the analyses reveal a consistent pattern of spatial dependence. the correlation distance, the distance over which incidence rates covary positively, remained near 120 km over the nine years. a local spatial an ...	2001	11716111
residential status and hiv risk behaviors among puerto rican drug injectors in new york and puerto rico.	this article investigates the association between residential status and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) risk behaviors among island and new york puerto rican injection drug users (idus). we assigned 561 subjects from new york city and 312 from puerto rico to five residential status categories: living in parent's home, living in own home, living in other's home, living in temporary housing (hotel, single-room occupancy [sro] hotels), and homeless (living in streets/shelters). dependent variab ...	2001	11727885
alcohol use, drug use and alcohol-related problems among men who have sex with men: the urban men's health study.	to measure the prevalence and independent associations of heavy and problematic use of alcohol and recreational drugs among a household-based sample of urban msm (men who have sex with men).	2001	11784456
hhs responds to terrorist attacks.		2001	11785494
innovations in collaboration for the public's health through the turning point initiative: the w.k. kellogg foundation perspective.	the need for a more integrated public health system led the w. k. kellogg foundation (wkkf) to establish turning point (tp): collaborating for a new century in public health, with a goal of transforming and strengthening the current public health infrastructure. wkkf partners with the robert wood johnson foundation (rwjf), the national association of county and city health officials, the university of washington, the lewin group, and the new york academy of medicine to support activities of 41 c ...	2002	11789040
just coercion? detention of nonadherent tuberculosis patients.	the need to balance the rights of individuals and to protect the public health will bring with it demands for the restriction of individuals' liberty. three points should always be considered when these measures are adopted: (1) the lack of evidence that detention benefits the public health; (2) the risk that fundamental human rights may be overridden unnecessarily; and (3) that coercive practices may act as a smokescreen for improved, but more complex or more costly, public health responses to ...	2001	11795415
a brief sexual barrier intervention for women living with aids: acceptability, use, and ethnicity.	interventions aimed at reducing sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted diseases (hiv/stds) have focused primarily on male condom use among seronegative men and women. however, female-controlled sexual barriers (female condoms and vaginal microbicides) offer women living with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) alternative methods to protect themselves and others from disease transmission. a pilot behavioral intervention was conducted to increase sexual bar ...	2001	11796806
what do pharmacists think about new york state's new nonprescription syringe sale program? results of a survey.	access to sterile syringes can prevent transmission of blood-borne diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b and c. we conducted survey of attitudes of pharmacists to aid in development of the expanded syringe access demonstration program (esap) in new york state. esap is an hiv prevention initiative that authorizes nonprescription sale of hypodermic needles and syringes by registered pharmacies in new york state beginning january 1, 2001. as part of planning for progra ...	2001	11796814
west nile virus: uganda, 1937, to new york city, 1999.	west nile virus, first isolated in 1937, is among the earliest arthropod-borne viruses discovered by humans. its broad geographical distribution, not uncommon infection of humans, transmission by mosquitoes, and association with wild birds as enzootic hosts were well documented by the mid-1960s. however, west nile virus was not considered to be a significant human pathogen because most infections appeared to result in asymptomatic or only mild febrile disease. several epidemics had been document ...	2001	11797781
west nile virus human surveillance in nassau county, new york: 1999-2000.		2001	11797796
"neon needles" in a haystack: the advantages of passive surveillance for west nile virus.	passive surveillance is usually viewed as less efficient for case ascertainment than active surveillance. however, for diseases with nonhuman animal reservoirs, active surveillance can be like looking for a needle in a haystack and may be prohibitively expensive. fortunately for surveillance of west nile virus (wnv) in the northeast us, the dead crows have served as "neon needles in a haystack"--indicators of viral activity that call attention to themselves. in 2000, laboratory testing of dead b ...	2001	11797803