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selective dependence of h2-m3-restricted cd8 responses on il-15.we studied whether cd8 t cell responses that are mediated by unconventional mhc class ib molecules are il-15 dependent in mice. cd8(+) t cell responses to listeria monocytogenes infection that are restricted by the mhc class ib molecule h2-m3 decreased in the absence of il-15, whereas other primary mhc class ib- and mhc class ia-restricted responses were il-15 independent. this result was confirmed in mhc class ia-deficient mice in which il-15 deficiency also reduced h2-m3-restricted but not all ...201222312130
microrna response to listeria monocytogenes infection in epithelial cells.micrornas represent a family of very small non-coding rnas that control several physiologic and pathologic processes, including host immune response and cancer by antagonizing a number of target mrnas. there is limited knowledge about cell expression and the regulatory role of micrornas following bacterial infections. we investigated whether infection with a gram-positive bacterium leads to altered expression of micrornas involved in the host cell response in epithelial cells. caco-2 cells were ...201222312311
structure-based function discovery of an enzyme for the hydrolysis of phosphorylated sugar lactones.two enzymes of unknown function from the cog1735 subset of the amidohydrolase superfamily (ahs), lmof2365_2620 (lmo2620) from listeria monocytogenes str. 4b f2365 and bh0225 from bacillus halodurans c-125, were cloned, expressed, and purified to homogeneity. the catalytic functions of these two enzymes were interrogated by an integrated strategy encompassing bioinformatics, computational docking to three-dimensional crystal structures, and library screening. the three-dimensional structure of lm ...201222313111
modelling of bacterial growth with shifts in temperature using automated methods with listeria monocytogenes and pseudomonas aeruginosa as examples.time to detection (ttd) measurements using turbidometry allow a straightforward method for the measurement of bacterial growth rates under isothermal conditions. growth rate measurements were carried out for listeria monocytogenes at 25, 30 and 37°c and for pseudomonas aeruginosa over the temperature range 25 to 45°c. the classical three-parameter logistic model was rearranged to provide the theoretical foundation for the observed ttd. a model was subsequently developed for the analysis of ttd d ...201222314350
infection of pregnant mice with listeria monocytogenes induces fetal bradycardia.listeriosis is one of the most lethal bacterial diseases for fetuses and infants. however, pregnant women who get infected with listeria may experience only mild symptoms, making the diagnosis difficult, even when the fetus is fatally infected.201222314663
unusual presentation of brain abscess with uncommon organism in an immunocompetent person.multiple brain abscesses due to listeria monocytogenes was detected in a 55 year old immunocompetent person who had history of progressive weakness for last three months with difficulty in micturition and abnormal behavior for the same duration. the patient was diagnosed six months back as tubercular meningitis and was put on atd (now in continuation phase). after being diagnosed with listeria, the patient was put on antibiotic therapy and responded dramatically. the abscess, by virtue of being ...201122315754
genomic presence of gadd1 glutamate decarboxylase correlates with the organization of ascb-dape internalin cluster in listeria monocytogenes.the ability to survive and proliferate in acidic environments is a prerequisite for the infection of listeria monocytogenes. the glutamate decarboxylase (gad) system is responsible for acid resistance, and three gad homologs have been identified in l. monocytogenes: gadd1, gadd2, and gadd3. to examine whether gad genes are specific to lineage, serovar, or certain subpopulation, we performed a systematic investigation on the prevalence of gad genes in 164 l. monocytogenes. in contrast to gadd2 an ...201222315955
engagement of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein m with listeriolysin o induces type i interferon expression and restricts listeria monocytogenes growth in host cells.listeriolysin o (llo) is a key virulence factor secreted by the gram-positive, facultative intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes (lm). its role in host cell response is still not very clear. using pull-down assay, mass spectrometry analysis and immunoprecipitation approaches, we found that llo interacted with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein m (hnrnpm), a member of rna splicing complex apparatus, and the binding domain of llo for hnrnp m was located between amino acids 26 and 176. ...201222317749
[encephalomeningitis caused by listeria monocytogenes in patient infected by tbe virus--case report].the epidemiology of listeriosis is constantly changing towards higher incidence. the most endangered group of patients are people with immunodeficiency caused by coexisting diseases. in these cases listeriosis may take a very severe course. in this paper we present a case of a 76 year old female who suffered from encephalomeningitis caused by listeria monocytogenes and additionally was infected by tick borne encephalitis virus and borrelia burgdorferi.200822320051
development of a paper-based analytical device for colorimetric detection of select foodborne pathogens.foodborne pathogens are a major public health threat and financial burden for the food industry, individuals, and society, with an estimated 76 million cases of food-related illness occurring in the united states alone each year. three of the most important causative bacterial agents of foodborne diseases are pathogenic strains of escherichia coli , salmonella spp., and listeria monocytogenes , due to the severity and frequency of illness and disproportionally high number of fatalities. their co ...201222320200
prevalence, populations and pheno- and genotypic characteristics of listeria monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat vegetables marketed in são paulo, brazil.listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen of great concern due to the high fatality rates of listeriosis. the consumption of rte vegetables has increased in brazil over the last two decades, but little is known about the risks associated to the consumption of these products. this study evaluated the prevalence and counts of l. monocytogenes in 512 packages of ready-to-eat vegetables marketed in são paulo. the isolates were characterized for their serotypes, ribotypes, positivity for virulen ...201222321293
activation of the unfolded protein response by listeria monocytogenes.the endoplasmic reticulum (er) responds to perturbation of homeostasis with stress. to maintain er function, a signalling-circuitry has evolved which, when engaged, attempts to reduce a surplus of unfolded proteins by triggering the unfolded protein response (upr). several studies have implicated upr in viral infections, neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic diseases but upr has not yet been widely linked to bacterial infections. here we demonstrate that the facultative intracellular pathoge ...201222321539
the extradomain a of fibronectin (eda) combined with poly(i:c) enhances the immune response to hiv-1 p24 protein and the protection against recombinant listeria monocytogenes-gag infection in the mouse model.the development of effective vaccines against hiv-1 infection constitutes one of the major challenges in viral immunology. one of the protein candidates in vaccination against this virus is p24, since it is a conserved hiv antigen that has cytotoxic and helper t cell epitopes as well as b cell epitopes that may jointly confer enhanced protection against infection when used in immunization-challenge approaches. in this context, the adjuvant effect of eda (used as edap24 fusion protein) and poly(i ...201222326778
assessing the contributions of the lias histidine kinase to the innate resistance of listeria monocytogenes to nisin, cephalosporins, and disinfectants.the listeria monocytogenes liasr two-component system (2cs) encoded by lmo1021 and lmo1022 plays an important role in resistance to the food preservative nisin. a nonpolar deletion in the histidine kinase-encoding component (δlias) resulted in a 4-fold increase in nisin resistance. in contrast, the δlias strain exhibited increased sensitivity to a number of cephalosporin antibiotics (and was also altered with respect to its response to a variety of other antimicrobials, including the active agen ...201222327581
two novel type ii restriction-modification systems occupying genomically equivalent locations on the chromosomes of listeria monocytogenes strains.listeria monocytogenes is responsible for the potentially life-threatening food-borne disease listeriosis. one epidemic-associated clonal group of l. monocytogenes, epidemic clone i (eci), harbors a sau3ai-like restriction-modification (rm) system also present in the same genomic region in certain strains of other lineages. in this study, we identified and characterized two other, novel type ii rm systems, lmoj2 and lmoj3, at this same locus. lmoj2 and lmoj3 appeared to recognize gcwgc (w = a or ...201222327591
enhanced antimicrobial activity of nisin-loaded liposomal nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens.this study was designed to evaluate the prolonged antimicrobial stability of nisin-loaded liposome (lipon) nanoparticles against listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus. the sizes of bare liposomes and lipon were uniformly distributed between 114 and 125 nm. the nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed in water with less than 0.2 of polydispersity index. the zeta potential value of lipon was +17.1 mv due to the positive charged nisin, attaining 70% of loading efficiency. the minimum i ...201222329855
enumeration of bacteriophage particles: comparative analysis of the traditional plaque assay and real-time qpcr- and nanosight-based assays.bacteriophages are increasingly being utilized and considered for various practical applications, ranging from decontaminating foods and inanimate surfaces to human therapy; therefore, it is important to determine their concentrations quickly and reliably. traditional plaque assay (pa) is the current "gold standard" for quantitating phage titers. however, it requires at least 18 h before results are obtained, and they may be significantly influenced by various factors. therefore, two alternative ...201122334864
bacteriophage biocontrol of listeria monocytogenes on soft ripened white mold and red-smear cheeses.soft-ripened cheeses belong to the type of food most often contaminated with listeria monocytogenes, and they have been implicated in several outbreaks of listeriosis. bacteriophages represent an attractive way to combat foodborne pathogens without affecting other properties of the food. we used the broad host range, virulent listeria phage a511 for control of l. monocytogenes during the production and ripening phases of both types of soft-ripened cheeses, white mold (camembert-type) cheese, as ...201122334865
[antibiotic resistance and molecular typing of listeria monocytogenes from foods in shandong province from 2009 to 2010].to know the antibiotic resistance and molecular characteristics of listeria monocytogenes in shandong province and to study the relationship between antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genome types.201122336337
the non-coding rna world of the bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes.in the past ten years, listeria monocytogenes has emerged as a model organism in infection biology and also become an attractive system for the study of regulatory rnas in pathogenic bacteria. due to the recent completion of several transcriptomic studies, it is now clear that l. monocytogenes possesses a large repertoire of both cis- and trans-encoded rnas. these include numerous small rnas (srnas) expressed during infection, widespread transcription of both short and long antisense rnas (asrna ...201222336762
sequence typing confirms that a predominant listeria monocytogenes clone caused human listeriosis cases and outbreaks in canada from 1988 to 2010.human listeriosis outbreaks in canada have been predominantly caused by serotype 1/2a isolates with highly similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns. multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and multi-virulence-locus sequence typing (mvlst) each identified a diverse population of listeria monocytogenes isolates, and within that, both methods had congruent subtypes that substantiated a predominant clone (clonal complex 8; virulence type 59; proposed epidemic clone 5 [ecv]) that has been c ...201222337989
bacteria and their toxins tamed for immunotherapy.bacterial toxins share the ability to enter host cells to target various intracellular proteins and to modulate host immune responses. over the last 20 years, toxins and their mutated variants, as well as live attenuated bacteria, have been exploited for vaccination and immunotherapy of various infectious, malignant and autoimmune diseases. the ability of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin to translocate its adenylate cyclase domain across the host cell membrane, as well as the pathway ...201222339216
modulation of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens by oleanolic acid and ursolic acid.antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens is a serious problem for human and veterinary medicine, which necessitates the development of novel therapeutics and antimicrobial strategies. some plant-derived compounds, e.g. pentacyclic triterpenoids such as oleanolic acid (oa) and ursolic acid (ua), have potential as a new class of antibacterial agents as they are active against many bacterial species, both gram-positive and gram-negative, and specifically target the cell envelope. the aim of ...201222341643
fructooligosaccharides metabolism and effect on bacteriocin production in lactobacillus strains isolated from ensiled corn and molasses.fructo- (fos) and galacto-oligosaccharides have been used to promote the growth of probiotics, mainly those from lactobacillus genus. however, only few reports have evaluated the effect of prebiotics on bacteriocins activity and production. in this work, we characterized the effect of fos supplementation on the growth, lactic and acetic acids production, and antimicrobial activity of crude extracts obtained from lactobacillus strains isolated from ensiled corn and molasses. seven out of 28 isola ...201222342961
effect of lactose monolaurate on pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria.the antimicrobial activities of sucrose monolaurate and a novel ester, lactose monolaurate (lml), were tested. gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible than gram-negative bacteria to both esters. the minimal bactericidal concentrations of lml were 5 to 9.5 mm for listeria monocytogenes isolates and 0.2 to 2 mm for mycobacterium isolates.201222344640
toward a systemic understanding of listeria monocytogenes metabolism during infection.listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne human pathogen that can cause invasive infection in susceptible animals and humans. for proliferation within hosts, this facultative intracellular pathogen uses a reservoir of specific metabolic pathways, transporter, and enzymatic functions whose expression requires the coordinated activity of a complex regulatory network. the highly adapted metabolism of l. monocytogenes strongly depends on the nutrient composition of various milieus encountered during inf ...201222347216
volatile organic compounds from centaurium erythraea rafn (croatia) and the antimicrobial potential of its essential oil.gc and ms were used for the analysis of croatian centaurium erythraea rafn essential oil (obtained by hydrodistillation) and headspace (applying headspace solid-phase microextraction). the headspace contained numerous monoterpene hydrocarbons (the major ones were terpinene-4-ol, methone, p-cymene, γ-terpinene and limonene). oxygenated monoterpenes were present in the headspace and oil, while 1,8-cineole, bornyl acetate and verbenone were present only in the headspace. high headspace percentages ...201222349896
phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphatase oculocerebrorenal syndrome of lowe protein (ocrl) controls actin dynamics during early steps of listeria monocytogenes infection.listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen that induces its own entry into a broad range of mammalian cells through interaction of the bacterial surface protein inlb with the cellular receptor met, promoting an actin polymerization/depolymerization process that leads to pathogen engulfment. phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (pi[4,5]p(2)) and trisphosphate (pi[3,4,5]p(3)) are two major phosphoinositide species that function as molecular scaffolds, recruiting cellular effectors that regulate a ...201222351770
characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolates in import food products of china from 8 provinces between 2005 and 2007.a total of 48 listeria monocytogenes isolates of different import food products from 8 provinces between 2005 and 2008 were characterized. the serotype and virulence were confirmed for each strain and molecular subtyping were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (mlst). twenty five strains were assigned to serotype 1/2a, and 11 isolates to serotype 1/2b, serotype 4b were found in 7 isolate, and the remaining 5 strains were grouped into serotypes 1/2c, 4a, and 4e. molecular subtyping schemes fo ...201222352748
diviva affects secretion of virulence-related autolysins in listeria monocytogenes.diviva is a well-conserved coiled-coil protein present in most gram-positive bacteria and has been implicated in division site selection, peptidoglycan biosynthesis and sporulation. diviva proteins bind lipid membranes and characteristically accumulate at curved membrane areas, i.e. the cell poles and the division site, to which they recruit various interaction partners. we have studied the role of this morphogen in the human pathogen listeria monocytogenes and our results suggest a novel mechan ...201222353466
inhibition of bacterial biofilm formation and swarming motility by a small synthetic cationic peptide.biofilms cause up to 80% of infections and are difficult to treat due to their substantial multidrug resistance compared to their planktonic counterparts. based on the observation that human peptide ll-37 is able to block biofilm formation at concentrations below its mic, we screened for small peptides with antibiofilm activity and identified novel synthetic cationic peptide 1037 of only 9 amino acids in length. peptide 1037 had very weak antimicrobial activity, but at 1/30th the mic the peptide ...201222354291
genome-wide rnai screen in ifn-γ-treated human macrophages identifies genes mediating resistance to the intracellular pathogen francisella tularensis.interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) inhibits intracellular replication of francisella tularensis in human monocyte-derived macrophages (hmdm) and in mice, but the mechanisms of this protective effect are poorly characterized. we used genome-wide rna interference (rnai) screening in the human macrophage cell line thp-1 to identify genes that mediate the beneficial effects of ifn-γ on f. tularensis infection. a primary screen identified ∼200 replicated candidate genes. these were prioritized according to mrn ...201222359626
lack of functional selectin ligand interactions compromises long term tumor protection by cd8+ t cells.central memory cd8(+) t cells expressing the adhesion molecule cd62l (l-selectin) are potent mediators of anti-cancer immunity due to their ability to proliferate extensively upon antigen re-stimulation. the interaction of selectin with its ligands mediates leukocyte rolling along high endothelial venules. mice deficient in α(1,3) fucosyltransferase iv and vii (ftdko) lack functional l, p and e selectin ligands. thus, we addressed whether the lack of selectin ligand interactions alters tumor pro ...201222359671
finding the smoking gun: protein tyrosine phosphatases as tools and targets of unicellular microorganisms and viruses.protein tyrosine phosphatases (ptps) are increasingly recognized as important effectors of host-pathogen interactions. since guan and dixon reported in 1990 that phosphatase yoph serves as an essential virulence determinant of yersinia, the field shifted significantly forward, and dozens of ptps were identified in various microorganisms and even in viruses. the discovery of extensive tyrosine signaling networks in non-metazoan organisms refuted the moth-eaten paradigm claiming that these organis ...201222360485
production of human lactoferrin in animal milk.genetic constructs containing the human lactoferrin (hlf) gene were created within a joint program of russian and belorussian scientists. using these constructs, transgenic mice were bred (the maximum hlf concentration in their milk was 160 g/l), and transgenic goats were also generated (up to 10 g/l hlf in their milk). experimental goatherds that produced hlf in their milk were also bred, and the recombinant hlf was found to be identical to the natural protein in its physical and chemical prope ...201222360490
sale of raw milk in northern italy: food safety implications and comparison of different analytical methodologies for detection of foodborne pathogens.the safety of raw milk sold in northern italy was investigated in relation to hygiene quality parameters and presence of salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, thermotolerant campylobacter, and verocytotoxin producing escherichia coli o157:h7. the performance of different analytical methods used-official culture method (iso), modified bacteriological analytical manual cultural method (mbam), and polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-was evaluated. the presence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuber ...201222360646
a putative p-type atpase required for virulence and resistance to haem toxicity in listeria monocytogenes.regulation of iron homeostasis in many pathogens is principally mediated by the ferric uptake regulator, fur. since acquisition of iron from the host is essential for the intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes, we predicted the existence of fur-regulated systems that support infection. we examined the contribution of nine fur-regulated loci to the pathogenicity of l. monocytogenes in a murine model of infection. while mutating the majority of the genes failed to affect virulence, three mu ...201222363518
microbial pattern recognition causes distinct functional micro-rna signatures in primary human monocytes.micro-rnas (mirnas) are short, non-coding rnas that regulate gene expression post transcriptionally. several studies have demonstrated the relevance of mirnas for a wide range of cellular mechanisms, however, the current knowledge on how mirnas respond to relevant external stimuli, e.g. in disease scenarios is very limited. to generate a descriptive picture of the mirna network associated to inflammatory responses, we quantified the levels of 330 mirnas upon stimulation with a panel of pro-infla ...201222363568
studies on the pathogenesis and survival of different culture forms of listeria monocytogenes to pulsed uv-light irradiation after exposure to mild-food processing stresses.the effects of mild conventional food-processing conditions on listeria monocytogenes survival to pulsed uv (puv) irradiation and virulence-associated characteristics were investigated. specifically, this study describes the inability of 10 strains representative of 3 different culture forms or morphotypes of l. monocytogenes to adapt to normally lethal levels of puv-irradiation after exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of salt (7.5% (w/v) nacl for 1 h), acid (ph 5.5 for 1 h), heating (48 °c f ...201222365345
occurrence and characterization of listeria spp. in ready-to-eat retail foods from vancouver, british columbia.the occurrence of listeria spp. and listeria monocytogenes in retail rte meat and fish products in vancouver, british columbia (b.c.) was investigated. to assess potential consumer health risk, recovered l. monocytogenes isolates were subjected to genotypic and phenotypic characterization. conventional methods were used to recover listeria spp. from deli meat (n = 40) and fish (n = 40) samples collected from 17 stores. listeria spp. were recovered only from fish samples (20%); 5% harboured liste ...201222365350
enhancement of protective immunity against intracellular bacteria using type-1 polarized dendritic cell (dc) vaccine.the development of effective vaccine strategies for intracellular bacteria, including tuberculosis, is one of the major frontiers of medical research. our previous studies showed that dendritic cell (dc) vaccine is a promising approach for eliciting protective immunity against intracellular bacteria. however, it has been reported that standard fully mature dcs show reduced ability to produce il-12p70 upon subsequent interaction with antigen (ag)-specific t cells, limiting their in vivo performan ...201222365841
isolation of a paenibacillus sp. strain and structural elucidation of its broad-spectrum lipopeptide antibiotic.this research was initiated to search for novel antimicrobial compounds produced by food or environmental microorganisms. a new bacterial strain, designated osy-se, which produces a unique and potent antimicrobial agent was isolated from soil. the isolate was identified as a paenibacillus sp. through cultural, biochemical, and genetic analyses. an antimicrobial compound was extracted from paenibacillus osy-se with acetonitrile and purified using liquid chromatography. after analyses by mass spec ...201222367082
a selected probiotic strain of lactobacillus fermentum cm33 isolated from breast-fed infants as a potential source of β-galactosidase for prebiotic oligosaccharide synthesis.lactic acid bacteria from healthy breast-fed infants were isolated and screened for β-galactosidase production in mrs broth. among 49 isolates that exhibited the yellow clear zone on mrs agar supplemented with bromocresol blue, the isolate cm33 was selected as being the highest β-galactosidase producer and was identified as lactobacillus fermentum based on its morphological characteristics and 16s rdna nucleotide sequence. l. fermentum cm33 exhibited a good survival rate under the simulated stom ...201222367946
itam-coupled receptors inhibit ifnar signaling and alter macrophage responses to tlr4 and listeria monocytogenes.itam-coupled receptors play an essential role in regulating macrophage activation and function by cross-regulating signaling from heterologous receptors. we investigated mechanisms by which itam-associated receptors inhibit type i ifn (ifn-α/β) signaling in primary human macrophages and tested the effects of simultaneous ligation of itam-associated receptors and tlr4 on tlr4-induced jak-stat signaling that is mediated by autocrine ifn-β. preligation of itam-coupled β2 integrins and fcγrs inhibit ...201222368279
sweet buttermilk intake reduces colonisation and translocation of listeria monocytogenes in rats by inhibiting mucosal pathogen adherence.the bovine milk fat globule membrane (mfgm) contains several antimicrobial components with proven efficacy in vitro, but in vivo evidence is scarce. the present study was performed to determine the efficacy of the bovine mfgm in vivo. rats were fed diets based on bovine skimmed milk powder (low in mfgm) or bovine sweet buttermilk powder (high in mfgm). after dietary adaptation, rats were orally infected with salmonella enteritidis or listeria monocytogenes. whereas sweet buttermilk powder did no ...201222370235
changing epidemiology of bacteremia in infants aged 1 week to 3 months.bacteremia in young infants has remained an important ongoing concern for decades. despite changes in prenatal screening and infant immunizations, the current epidemiology of this problem has received little attention.201222371459
investigation of the listeria monocytogenes scott a acid tolerance response and associated physiological and phenotypic features via whole proteome analysis.the global proteomic responses of the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes strain scott a, during active growth and transition to the stationary growth phase under progressively more acidic conditions, created by addition of lactic acid and hcl, were investigated using label-free liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. approximately 56% of the scott a proteome was quantitatively assessable, and the data provides insight into its acquired acid tolerance response (atr) as well as the ...201222372944
detection of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat food by step one real-time polymerase chain reaction.the aim of this study was to follow contamination of ready-to-eat food with listeria monocytogenes by using the step one real time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). we used the prepseq rapid spin sample preparation kit for isolation of dna and microseq® listeria monocytogenes detection kit for the real-time pcr performance. in 30 samples of ready-to-eat milk and meat products without incubation we detected strains of listeria monocytogenes in five samples (swabs). internal positive control (ipc) ...201222375593
[comparison of growth models of listeria monocytogenes in chilled pork].to investigate the growth of listeria monocytogenes (lm) in chilled pork at four temperature and to evaluate the accuracy of three predictive models- gp (growth predictor), pmp (pathogen modeling programme) and cp (combase predictor) in predicting lm growth in chilled pork.201122379803
nexilin is a dynamic component of listeria monocytogenes and enteropathogenic escherichia coli actin-rich structures.the bacterial pathogens listeria monocytogenes and enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) generate motile actin-rich structures (comet tails and pedestals) as part of their infectious processes. nexilin, an actin-associated protein and a component of focal adhesions, has been suggested to be involved in actin-based motility. to determine whether nexilin is commandeered during l. monocytogenes and epec infections, we infected cultured cells and found that nexilin is crucial for l. monocytogenes ...201222381134
the microbiological conditions of carcasses from large game animals in italy.this study investigates the microbiological conditions of large game animal carcasses following evisceration. carcasses of animals (n=291) hunted in the upper susa valley (italian alps) were analysed for ph, aerobic viable count (avc), enterobacteriaceae, yersinia spp., listeria monocytogenes and salmonella spp. after shooting, evisceration occurred within 60 min in 90.7% of animals and sampling within 90 min in 88.3% of animals. mean ph values (5.97: ruminants; 5.77: wild boar) were similar to ...201222386324
gold nanoparticles/horseradish peroxidase encapsulated polyelectrolyte nanocapsule for signal amplification in listeria monocytogenes detection.bioconjugate nanocapsules were fabricated by using polystyrene sulfonate (pss) to encapsulate gold nanoparticles (aunps) bearing adsorbed horseradish peroxidase (hrp). the average size of nanocapsule was in a range 150-400 nm. the efficiency of the capsules to enhance signals in an immunoassay was demonstrated by using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect the food-borne pathogen -listeria monocytogenes. the antibody adsorbed onto the pss shell of the nanocapsules provided the r ...201222386483
interaction of listeria monocytogenes autolysin amidase with glycosaminoglycans promotes listerial adhesion to mouse hepatocytes.adherence to the cell surface is a key event during infection of pathogenic microorganisms. we have previously reported that autolysin amidase (ami) of listeria monocytogenes promotes an efficient listerial adherence to mouse hepatocytes and requires for listerial pathogenicity. cell wall anchoring (cwa) domain of ami has been shown to bind lipoteichoic acid on listerial cell wall but the binding of ami to host cell surface molecules remains to be determined. in this study, we present evidence h ...201222386869
[listeria monocytogenes--occurrence in food]. 201122389934
extracellular superoxide dismutase inhibits innate immune responses and clearance of an intracellular bacterial infection.reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species play important roles during immune responses to bacterial pathogens. extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecsod) regulates extracellular concentrations of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species and contributes to tissue protection during inflammatory insults. the participation of ecsod in immune responses seems therefore intuitive, yet is poorly understood. in the current study, we used mice with varying levels of ecsod activity ...201222393157
enhanced inhibition of listeria monocytogenes by a combination of cold pressed terpeneless valencia orange oil and antibiotics.this study was designed to evaluate the ability of cold pressed terpeneless valencia orange oil (cptvo) to enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics against 10 strains of listeria monocytogenes. disc diffusion assays were performed to determine the effects of cptvo and two antibiotics with different mechanisms of action (i.e., penicillin and chloramphenicol) individually and in combination with cptvo. cptvo alone produced zones ranging from 16.5 to 19.9 mm. penicillin at 2 or 10 units produced zo ...201222394025
listeria monocytogenes and diet during pregnancy; balancing nutrient intake adequacy v. adverse pregnancy outcomes.to evaluate the impact of adherence to public health recommendations on listeria monocytogenes food safety to limit exposure to potential food sources on micronutrient intakes of pregnant women and whether more frequent consumption of 'high-risk' foods increases risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.201222397868
listeriolysin o is strongly immunogenic independently of its cytotoxic activity.the presentation of microbial protein antigens by major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecules is essential for the development of acquired immunity to infections. however, most biochemical studies of antigen processing and presentation deal with a few relatively inert non-microbial model antigens. the bacterial pore-forming toxin listeriolysin o (llo) is paradoxical in that it is cytotoxic at nanomolar concentrations as well as being the source of dominant cd4 and cd8 t cell epitopes follow ...201222403645
characterization of the intracellular glutamate decarboxylase system: analysis of its function, transcription, and role in the acid resistance of various strains of listeria monocytogenes.the glutamate decarboxylase (gad) system is important for the acid resistance of listeria monocytogenes. we previously showed that under acidic conditions, glutamate (glt)/γ-aminobutyrate (gaba) antiport is impaired in minimal media but not in rich ones, like brain heart infusion. here we demonstrate that this behavior is more complex and it is subject to strain and medium variation. despite the impaired glt/gaba antiport, cells accumulate intracellular gaba (gaba(i)) as a standard response agai ...201222407692
antibody-based sensors: principles, problems and potential for detection of pathogens and associated toxins.antibody-based sensors permit the rapid and sensitive analysis of a range of pathogens and associated toxins. a critical assessment of the implementation of such formats is provided, with reference to their principles, problems and potential for 'on-site' analysis. particular emphasis is placed on the detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens, such as escherichia coli and listeria monocytogenes, and additional examples relating to the monitoring of fungal pathogens, viruses, mycotoxins, marine ...200922408533
monitoring transmission routes of listeria spp. in smoked salmon production with repetitive element sequence-based pcr techniques.various techniques have been used for tracing the transmission routes of listeria species and for the assessment of hygiene standards in food processing plants. the potential of repetitive element sequence-based pcr (rep-pcr) methods (gtg₅ and repi + ii) for the typing of listeria isolates (n = 116), including listeria monocytogenes (n = 46), was evaluated in a particular situation arising from the relocation of a company producing cold-smoked salmon. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) usin ...201222410224
critical issues in detecting viable listeria monocytogenes cells by real-time reverse transcriptase pcr.rapid and specific detection of viable listeria monocytogenes cells, particularly in processed foods, is a major challenge in the food industry. to assess the suitability of using rna-based detection methods to detect viable cells, several sets of pcr primers and florescent probes were designed targeting the 16s rrna, internalin a, and ribosomal protein l4 genes. one-step real-time reverse transcriptase (rt) pcr assays were conducted using rnas extracted from control and heat-treated l. monocyto ...201222410225
comparison of swab transport media for recovery of listeria monocytogenes from environmental samples.environmental monitoring is recognized as an important strategy for controlling listeria monocytogenes in food processing facilities. samples are taken by swabbing environmental surfaces, and the swabs are immersed in a medium for transport to the laboratory. in this study, buffered peptone water (bpw), dey-engley neutralizing broth (de), neutralizing buffer (nb), letheen broth (le), and newly described mcc buffer (mcc) were evaluated as transport media for recovery of sanitizer-stressed l. mono ...201222410235
[prokaryotic expression and identification of hpv16 e7 protein].hpv16 e7 fusion protein was expressed in e. coli bl21, and its applied value for hpv was evaluated. hpv16 e7 gene was amplified by pcr, and cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pgex6p-1. the recombinant plasmid was transformed into e. coli bl21, and hpv16 e7 fusion was expressed through iptg induction. the expressed product was analyzed by sds-page and western blot, subsequently purified according to glutathione sepharose 4b purification procedure. an indirect elisa with the purified fusion ...201222416350
fate of listeria monocytogenes and members of the enterobacteriaceae group along the processing line of 'wara' a southwestern nigeria soft cheese.this study aimed at evaluating the survivability of listeria monocytogenes and members of the enterobacteriaceae group of organisms during the processing and storage of wara, a southwestern nigerian un-ripened soft cheese. pasteurized milk inoculated with l. monocytogenes at 10(1) or 10(2) cfu/ml was used to process the cheese. samples were taken along the processing steps and throughout a five-day storage period at 15 and 28 degrees c for populations of l. monocytogenes and enterobacteriaceae. ...201022416662
characterization of lysb4, an endolysin from the bacillus cereus-infecting bacteriophage b4.bacillus cereus is a foodborne pathogen that causes emetic or diarrheal types of food poisoning. the incidence of b. cereus food poisoning has been gradually increasing over the past few years, therefore, biocontrol agents effective against b. cereus need to be developed. endolysins are phage-encoded bacterial peptidoglycan hydrolases and have received considerable attention as promising antibacterial agents.201222416675
inhibition of listeria monocytogenes by exposure to a combination of nisin and cold-pressed terpeneless valencia oil.listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen and its control in foods is a significant challenge. this study evaluated the effectiveness of nisin and cold-pressed terpeneless valencia oil (cptvo) on limiting l. monocytogenes growth. disk diffusion assays were performed to determine the effects of cptvo and nisin individually and in combination. together, these antimicrobials produced a zone of inhibition that was significantly larger (p < 0.05) than zones correlating to cptvo or nis ...201222416711
rapid detection of listeria monocytogenes in raw milk with loop-mediated isothermal amplification and chemosensor.loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) allows a rapid amplification of nucleic acids under isothermal conditions. it can be combined with a rhodamine-based dual chemosensor for much more efficient, field-friendly detection of listeria monocytogenes. in this report, lamp was performed at 63 °c for 10 min, followed by a rapid reaction of dna amplification and the byproduct, pyrophosphate ion, with a rhodamine-based dual chemosensor and cu(2+) is visualized as a disappearance of red color. t ...201422416713
probabilistic models for the prediction of target growth interfaces of listeria monocytogenes on ham and turkey breast products.this study developed growth/no growth models for predicting growth boundaries of listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat cured ham and uncured turkey breast slices as a function of lactic acid concentration (0% to 4%), dipping time (0 to 4 min), and storage temperature (4 to 10 °c). a 10-strain composite of l. monocytogenes was inoculated (2 to 3 log cfu/cm²) on slices, followed by dipping into lactic acid and storage in vacuum packages for up to 30 d. total bacterial (tryptic soy agar plus 0.6% ...201122417516
effect of temperature on microbial growth rate-mathematical analysis: the arrhenius and eyring-polanyi connections.the objective of this work is to develop a mathematical model for evaluating the effect of temperature on the rate of microbial growth. the new mathematical model is derived by combination and modification of the arrhenius equation and the eyring-polanyi transition theory. the new model, suitable for both suboptimal and the entire growth temperature ranges, was validated using a collection of 23 selected temperature-growth rate curves belonging to 5 groups of microorganisms, including pseudomona ...201122417589
shigella flexneri utilize the spectrin cytoskeleton during invasion and comet tail generation.the spectrin cytoskeleton is emerging as an important host cell target of enteric bacterial pathogens. recent studies have identified a crucial role for spectrin and its associated proteins during key pathogenic processes of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium infections. here we investigate the involvement of spectrin cytoskeletal components during the pathogenesis of the invasive pathogen shigella flexneri.201222424399
inhibition of listeria monocytogenes on bologna sausages by an antimicrobial film containing mustard extract or sinigrin.the ability of listeria (l.) monocytogenes to convert glucosinolates into antimicrobial isothiocyanates was investigated. mustard glucosinolates in pure (sinigrin) or extract forms (sinigrin, oriental; sinalbin, yellow mustard) were used in broth media and in a polyvinyl polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (ppg) packaging film with bologna to examine their value as antimicrobial precursors for the control of l. monocytogenes viability and extension of bologna shelf-life at 4 °c. during broth tes ...201222424932
characterization of atypical listeria innocua isolated from swine slaughterhouses and meat markets.atypical listeria innocua strains presenting phenotypic characteristics similar to those of listeria monocytogenes were recently isolated from food and the environment. these isolates also tested positive for virulence genes specific to l. monocytogenes. here we report the isolation of atypical hemolytic l. innocua strains from the environment of pork processing plants in brazil. the strains were positive for l. monocytogenes virulence genes hly, inla and inlb by pcr and presented genotypic simi ...201222426248
capillary electrophoresis separation of protein composition of γ-irradiated food pathogens listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus.a capillary electrophoresis method using uv detection was developed to analyse protein composition of the lysates of two foodborne pathogens, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus which were previously treated at different irradiation doses.201222427846
linkage of bacterial protein synthesis and presentation of mhc class i-restricted listeria monocytogenes-derived antigenic peptides.the processing and mhc class i-restricted presentation of antigenic peptides derived from the p60 protein of the facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes is tightly linked to bacterial protein synthesis. we used non-linear regression analysis to fit a mathematical model of bacterial antigen processing to a published experimental data set showing the accumulation and decay of p60-derived antigenic peptides in l. monocytogenes-infected cells. two alternative models equally descri ...201222428021
reduction in listeria monocytogenes and spoilage bacteria on smoked catfish using x-ray treatments.to determine the efficacy of x-ray processes in inactivating l. monocytogenes levels in smoked catfish during storage at 5°c and to determine the effects of x-ray doses on controlling the growth of spoilage bacteria on smoked catfish during storage at 5°c for up to 5 weeks.201222429153
prediction of proteins putatively involved in the thiol: disulfide redox metabolism of a bacterium (listeria): the cxxc motif as query sequence.thiol:disulfide redox metabolism (tdrm) is a central metabolic network in all living cells. however, numerous proteins with different biochemical functions and several structural domains are involved, making it not trivial to identify and annotate its constituents in sequenced genomes. we developed an uncomplicated approach to solve the problem using existing web-based tools and public databases with the gram-positive bacterium listeria monocytogenes egd-e as a model organism. a pattern search f ...200922430441
both tlr2 and trif contribute to interferon-β production during listeria infection.synthesis of interferon-β (ifn-β) is an innate response to cytoplasmic infection with bacterial pathogens. our recent studies showed that listeria monocytogenes limits immune detection and ifn-β synthesis via deacetylation of its peptidoglycan, which renders the bacterium resistant to lysozyme degradation. here, we examined signaling requirements for the massive ifn-β production resulting from the infection of murine macrophages with a mutant strain of l. monocytogenes, δpgda, which is unable to ...201222432012
phylogenetic analysis of antimicrobial lactic acid bacteria from farmed seabass dicentrarchus labrax.the use of lactic acid bacteria (lab) in the prevention or reduction of fish diseases is receiving increasing attention. in the present study, 47 lab strains were isolated from farmed seabass ( dicentrarchus labrax ) and were phenotypically and phylogenetically analysed by 16s rdna and randomly amplified polymorphic dna - polymerase chain reaction (rapd-pcr). their antimicrobial effect was tested in vitro against a wide variety of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. most of the strains isolated we ...201222439634
listeria monocytogenes grown at 7° c shows reduced acid survival and an altered transcriptional response to acid shock compared to l. monocytogenes grown at 37° c.survival of the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes in acidic environments (e.g., in the human stomach) is vital to its transmission. refrigerated, ready-to-eat foods have been sources of listeriosis outbreaks. the purpose of this study was to determine whether growth at a low temperature (i.e., 7°c) affects l. monocytogenes survival or gene transcription after exposure to a simulated gastric environment (i.e., acid shock at 37°c). l. monocytogenes cells grown at 7°c were less resistant t ...201222447604
listeria monocytogenes: generalised maculopapular rash may be the clue. 201322447990
a multi-target real-time pcr assay for rapid identification of meningitis-associated microorganisms.a central nervous system (cns) infection, such as meningitis, is a serious and life-threatening condition. bacterial meningitis can be severe and may result in brain damage, disability or even death. rapid diagnosis of cns infections and identification of the pathogenic microorganisms are needed to improve the patient outcome. bacterial culture of a patient's cerebrospinal fluid (csf) is currently considered the "gold standard" for diagnosing bacterial meningitis. from the csf cultures researche ...201322450734
development of a single-gene, signature-tag-based approach in combination with alanine mutagenesis to identify listeriolysin o residues critical for the in vivo survival of listeria monocytogenes.listeriolysin o (llo) is a pore-forming toxin of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (cdc) family and a primary virulence factor of the intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes. llo mediates rupture of phagosomal membranes, thereby releasing bacteria into the growth-permissive host cell cytosol. several unique features of llo allow its activity to be precisely regulated in order to facilitate phagosomal escape, intracellular growth, and cell-to-cell spread. to improve our understanding of t ...201222451517
a comparison of methods used to extract bacterial dna from raw milk and raw milk cheese.in this study, we compare seven different methods which have been designed or modified to extract total dna from raw milk and raw milk cheese with a view to its subsequent use for the pcr of bacterial dna.201222452460
high density microarray analysis reveals new insights into genetic footprints of listeria monocytogenes strains involved in listeriosis outbreaks.listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne bacterial pathogen, causes invasive and febrile gastroenteritis forms of listeriosis in humans. both invasive and febrile gastroenteritis listeriosis is caused mostly by serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b and 4b strains. the outbreak strains of serotype 1/2a and 4b could be further classified into several epidemic clones but the genetic bases for the diverse pathophysiology have been unsuccessful. dna microarray provides an important tool to scan the entire genome for genet ...201222457724
activation or suppression of bactericidal activity of macrophages during a graft-versus-host reaction against i-a and i-j-region differences, respectively.systemic graft-versus-host reactions (gvhr) were induced in f1 heterozygous mice by injecting 10(8) parental lymphocytes. the anti-thy 1.2-sensitive, t-cell mediated activation of macrophages was assessed by their increased capacity to destroy a facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes. the difference in mhc regions causing a gvhr that induced high levels of macrophage activation mapped to i-a. in contrast, differences at k or d, in any of the other h-2 subregions or in the non ...198022457929
antimicrobial impact of the components of essential oil of litsea cubeba from taiwan and antimicrobial activity of the oil in food systems.using natural additives to preserve foods has become popular due to consumer demands for nature and safety. antimicrobial activity is one of the most important properties in many plant essential oils (eos). the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of litsea cubeba (lc-eo) from taiwan and the antimicrobial impact of individual volatile components in the oil on pathogens or spoilage microorganisms: vibrio parahaemolyticus, listeria monocytogenes, lactobacillus plantarum, and hansenula anoma ...201222459760
targeting of the central nervous system by listeria monocytogenes.among bacteria that reach the central nervous system (cns), listeria monocytogenes (lm) is one of deadliest, in human and ruminant. this facultative intracellular bacterium has the particularity to induce meningitis, meningoencephalitis and rhombencephalitis. mechanisms by which lm accesses the cns remain poorly understood, but two major routes of infection have been proposed, based on clinical, in vitro and in vivo observations. a retrograde neural route is likely to occur in ruminants upon cro ...201222460636
yogi berra, forrest gump, and the discovery of listeria actin comet tails.in 1988, eminent cell biologist lew tilney and newly appointed assistant professor of microbiology dan portnoy met at a picnic and initiated a collaboration that led to a groundbreaking paper published in journal of cell biology entitled "actin filaments and the growth, movement, and spread of the intracellular bacterial parasite, listeria monocytogenes." the paper has been cited more than 800 times, the most of any publication in the careers of both investigators. using an electron microscope f ...201222461646
validation of direct plating of a stool sample as a method for listeria monocytogenes detection.the aim of current studies was to validate the direct plating of a stool sample for listeria monocytogenes detection, using selective medium palcam agar with palcam selective supplement. validation was performed using stool samples collected from healthy humans inoculated with listeria sp. strains. stool samples were frozen to determine the influence of freezing on method robustness. the presented research defines the listeria monocytogenes limit of detection (lod) as 10(3) cfu/g of stools for f ...201222462448
efficacy of octenidine hydrochloride for reducing escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp., and listeria monocytogenes on cattle hides.the efficacy of octenidine hydrochloride (oh; 0.025, 0.15, and 0.25%) for inactivating escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp., and listeria monocytogenes on cattle hides was investigated at 23°c in the presence and absence of bovine feces. all tested concentrations of oh were effective in decreasing more than 5.0 log cfu of bacteria/cm(2) in 5 min (p < 0.01). the results suggest that oh could be used to decontaminate cattle hides; however, further studies under commercial settings are necessa ...201222467506
biotecon diagnostics foodproof listeria monocytogenes detection kit, 5' nuclease in combination with the foodproof shortprep ii kit.a method was developed for the detection of listeria monocytogenes in food. the method is based on real-time pcr using hydrolysis probes (5' nuclease). this advanced pcr method was designed to reduce the time necessary to achieve results from pcr reactions and to enable the user to monitor the amplification of the pcr product simultaneously, in real-time. after dna isolation using the biotecon foodproof shortprep ii kit designed for the rapid preparation of l. monocytogenes dna for direct use in ...201222468346
effective inactivation of food pathogens listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica by combined treatment of hypericin-based photosensitization and high power pulsed light.the aim of this study was to evaluate the inactivation efficiency of listeria monocytogenes atc(l3) c 7644 and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain ds88 by combined treatment of hypericin (hyp)-based photosensitization and high power pulsed light (hppl).201222469030
photodynamic inactivation of methylene blue and tungsten-halogen lamp light against food pathogen listeria monocytogenes.the aim of this study was to verify the bactericidal effect and the damage of photodynamic inactivation (pdi) using methylene blue (mb) and tungsten-halogen lamp over listeria monocytogenes via atomic force microscopy, absorption spectrophotometry, agarose gel electrophoresis, real-time pcr and sds-page. the obtained data indicated that the viability of l. monocytogenes was ca 7-log reduced by illumination with 10 min tungsten-halogen lamp light under the presence of 0.5 μg ml(-1) mb, and this b ...201322469298
microbiological surveillance of a bovine raw milk farm through multiplex real-time pcr.raw milk is increasingly appreciated by consumers but can be contaminated by a variety of zoonotic pathogens. therefore, preventive measures, such as on-farm hazard analysis critical control point (haccp) programs, must be applied to protect consumers. the aim of the present study was the comparison of a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay with a culture-based approach in an on-farm quality assurance program for the detection of escherichia coli o157, salmonella spp., and l ...201222471929
antimicrobial characterization and safety aspects of the bacteriocinogenic enterococcus hirae f420 isolated from moroccan raw goat milk.the f420 strain, isolated from raw goat milk and identified as enterococcus hirae, was selected because of its strong activity against gram-positive bacteria, including listeria monocytogenes. interestingly, the f420 strain lacks the virulence genes and decarboxylase activity of histidine, lysine, and ornithine, and it is susceptible to 11 of 14 tested antibiotics, including vancomycin. the antimicrobial compounds produced by e. hirae f420 strain showed high resistance to heat treatment and to a ...201222471967
effects of nisin, edta and salts of organic acids on listeria monocytogenes, salmonella and native microflora on fresh vacuum packaged shrimps stored at 4 °c.nisin (500 iu ml⁻¹), edta (0.02 m), potassium sorbate (ps) (3%, w/v), sodium benzoate (sb) (3%, w/v) or sodium diacetate (sd) (3%, w/v); alone or in combination were used to dip uninoculated shrimps and shrimps inoculated with listeria monocytogenes or salmonella (∼4.0-5.0 log cfu g⁻¹). shrimps were then drip-dried, vacuum packaged and stored at 4 °c for 7 days. untreated shrimps were used as a control. numbers of l. monocytogenes, salmonella and native background microflora were determined on u ...201222475941
isolation and lytic activity of the listeria bacteriophage endolysin lysz5 against listeria monocytogenes in soya milk.the endolysin gene (lysz5) from the genome of the listeria monocytogenes phage fwllm3 was cloned in escherichia coli and characterized. comparative sequence analysis revealed that lysz5 resembled the murein hydrolase ply511 encoded by l. monocytogenes phage a511. the encoded protein lysz5 had a predicted molecular mass of 35.8 kda and was expressed in e. coli as an n-terminal fusion protein of 41.5 kda. addition of purified fusion protein to lawns of indicator bacteria showed that lysz5 could ly ...201222475951
endocarditis due to listeria monocytogenes in an academic teaching hospital: case report. 201022478994
lm-llo-based immunotherapies and hpv-associated disease.hpv infection is a direct cause of neoplasia and malignancy. cellular immunologic activity against cells expressing hpv e6 and e7 is sufficient to eliminate the presence of dysplastic or neoplastic tissue driven by hpv infection. live attenuated listeria monocytogenes- (lm-) based immunotherapy (adxs11-001) has been developed for the treatment of hpv-associated diseases. adxs11-001 secretes an antigen-adjuvant fusion (lm-llo) protein consisting of a truncated fragment of the lm protein listeriol ...201222481930
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