Publications

interplay between cd8α dendritic cells and monocytes in response to listeria monocytogenes infection attenuates t cell responses.	during the course of a microbial infection, different antigen presenting cells (apcs) are exposed and contribute to the ensuing immune response. cd8α(+) dendritic cells (dcs) are an important coordinator of early immune responses to the intracellular bacteria listeria monocytogenes (lm) and are crucial for cd8(+) t cell immunity. in this study, we examine the contribution of different primary apcs to inducing immune responses against lm. we find that cd8α(+) dcs are the most susceptible to infec ...	2011	21559416
a novel integrative network approach to understand the interplay between cardiovascular disease and other complex disorders.	there is accumulating evidence that the proteins encoded by the genes associated with a common disorder interact with each other, participate in similar pathways and share go terms. it has been anticipated that the functional modules in a disease related functional linkage network can be integrated with bibliomics to reveal association with other complex disorders. in this study, the cardiovascular disease functional linkage network (cfn) containing 1536 nodes and 3345 interactions was construct ...	2011	21559538
food-specific attribution of selected gastrointestinal illnesses: estimates from a canadian expert elicitation survey.	abstract the study used a structured expert elicitation survey to derive estimates of food-specific attribution for nine illnesses caused by enteric pathogens in canada. it was based on a similar survey conducted in the united states and focused on campylobacter spp., escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, nontyphoidal salmonella enterica, shigella spp., vibrio spp., yersinia enterocolitica, cryptosporidium parvum, and norwalk-like virus. a snowball approach was used to identify food ...	2011	21561379
mutational analysis of glucose transport regulation and glucose-mediated virulence gene repression in listeria monocytogenes.	listeria monocytogenes transports glucose/mannose via non-pts permeases and phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase systems (pts). two mannose class pts are encoded by the constitutively expressed mpoabcd and the inducible manlmn operons. the man operon encodes the main glucose transporter because manl or manm deletion significantly slows glucose utilization, whereas mpoa deletion has no effect. the pts(mpo) mainly functions as a constitutively synthesized glucose sensor controlling ...	2011	21564334
the combined actions of the copper-responsive repressor csor and copper-metallochaperone copz modulate copa-mediated copper efflux in the intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes.	we have characterized the csor-copa-copz copper resistance operon of the important human intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes. transcription of the operon is specifically induced by copper, and mutants lacking the p(1) -type atpase copa have reduced copper tolerance and over-accumulate copper relative to wild type. the copper-responsive repressor csor autoregulates transcription by binding to a single 32 bp site spanning the -10 and -35 elements of the promoter. copper co-ordination by ...	2011	21564342
a model actin comet tail disassembling by severing.	we use a numerical simulation to model an actin comet tail as it grows from the surface of a small object (a bead) and disassembles by severing. we explore the dependence of macroscopic properties such as the local tail radius and tail length on several controllable properties, namely the bead diameter, the bead velocity, the severing rate per unit length, and the actin gel mesh size. the model predicts an f-actin density with an initial exponential decay followed by an abrupt decay at the edge ...	2011	21566272
specific and rapid quantification of viable listeria monocytogenes using fluorescence in situ hybridization in combination with filter cultivation.	we developed a new method that rapidly and specifically enumerates only viable listeria monocytogenes in food using fluorescence in situ hybridization in combination with filter cultivation (fishfc). viable l. monocytogenes could be specifically quantified within 16 h using an alexa647-labeled mrl-2 probe. the coefficient of the correlation between the new method and the conventional plating method was 0.959.	2009	21566384
survival and biofilm formation of listeria monocytogenes in simulated vaginal fluid: influence of ph and strain origin.	listeria monocytogenes, the responsible agent for listeriosis, can be transmitted from mother to fetus/neonates by vertical transmission, transplacentally or during passage through the birth canal. the purpose of this study was to investigate the survival and biofilm formation of l. monocytogenes (isolated from clinical cases or from food) in simulated vaginal fluid at different ph values (4.2, 5.5 and 6.5). results demonstrated that this pathogen is inhibited by the normal vaginal ph but may pr ...	2011	21569122
growth of escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes with prior resistance to intense pulsed light and lactic acid.	previous study showed that repetitive mild decontamination treatments with intense light pulses (ilp) and lactic acid (la) can induce increased resistance in surviving pathogenic cells. research has evaluated the potential of increased resistance to enhance the persistence of resistant variants of listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli o157:h7 under suboptimal growth conditions. growth of resistant variants and parental strains was determined by optical density (od) measurements in nutrient ...	2011	21569928
extension of tosèla cheese shelf-life using non-starter lactic acid bacteria.	six strains of non-starter lactic acid bacteria (nslab) were used to extend the shelf-life of the fresh cheese tosèla manufactured with pasteurised cows' milk. the acidification kinetics of three lactobacillus paracasei, one lactobacillus rhamnosus and two streptococcus macedonicus were studied in synthetic milk medium. lb. paracasei ndp78 and ndp88 and s. macedonicus ndp1 and pb14-1 showed an interesting acidifying capacity and were further characterised for growth in uht milk and production of ...	2011	21569930
assessment of levels of bacterial contamination of large wild game meat in europe.	the variations in prevalence and levels of pathogens and fecal contamination indicators in large wild game meat were studied to assess their potential impact on consumers. this analysis was based on hazard analysis, data generation and statistical analysis. a total of 2919 meat samples from three species (red deer, roe deer, wild boar) were collected at french game meat traders' facilities using two sampling protocols. information was gathered on the types of meat cuts (forequarter or haunch; fi ...	2011	21569954
modeling the impact of chlorine on the behavior of listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat meats.	listeria monocytogenes (lm) continues to pose a food safety hazard in ready-to-eat (rte) meats due to potential cross-contamination. chlorine is commonly used to sanitize processing equipment and utensils. however, lm may survive the treatment and then contaminate food products. the objective of this study was to characterize the behavior of chlorine-exposed lm on rte ham during refrigerated storage. a two strain cocktail of lm serotype 4b was pre-treated with chlorine (0, 25, and 50 ppm) for on ...	2011	21569957
proteasomes, tap, and endoplasmic reticulum-associated aminopeptidase associated with antigen processing control cd4+ th cell responses by regulating indirect presentation of mhc class ii-restricted cytoplasmic antigens.	cytoplasmic ags derived from viruses, cytosolic bacteria, tumors, and allografts are presented to t cells by mhc class i or class ii molecules. in the case of class ii-restricted ags, professional apcs acquire them during uptake of dead class ii-negative cells and present them via a process called indirect presentation. it is generally assumed that the cytosolic ag-processing machinery, which supplies peptides for presentation by class i molecules, plays very little role in indirect presentation ...	2011	21572029
development and application of a simple loop-mediated isothermal amplification method on rapid detection of listeria monocytogenes strains.	a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method for rapid detection of the food-borne l. monocytogenes strains had been developed and evaluated in this study. the optimal reaction condition was 65°c for 45 min, with the detection limit as 1 pg dna/tube and 100 cfu/reaction. application of the established lamp assay was performed on 182 food-borne l. monocytogenes strains using a rapid procedure and easy result confirmation, with the sensitivity of lamp versus pcr assays as 96.7% (176/182) ...	2011	21573733
[listeria infection of a prosthetic hip joint].	a 74-year-old male with type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease with history of cabg, hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had total left hip replacement in another medical facility five years prior to admission. since the early postoperative period, he had manifestations of dormant infection and was with empirical antibiotics. on the index admission, his x-ray showed signs of loosening of the prosthetic components with resorption of the bone. periprosthetic infection was mana ...	2011	21574133
isolation of glucosidase and phospholipase positive bacillus circulans on aloa medium.	aim: to report the growth of glucosidase and phospholipase positive bacteria on agar listeria according to ottaviani and agosti (aloa) different from listeria monocytogenes, listeria ivanovii and bacillus cereus. methods and results: raw water-buffalo milk was analysed according to en iso 11290. streaking of fraser broth on aloa resulted in green colonies with an opaque halo after 48 h at 30°c. colonies were transferred onto tryptone soya yeast extract agar and showed cultural characteristics ...	2011	21575023
the riboflavin analog roseoflavin targets an fmn-riboswitch and blocks listeria monocytogenes growth, but also stimulates virulence gene-expression and infection.	during recent years, riboswitches have emerged as potential targets for novel antibacterial substances. in this study, we investigated how one flavin analog, roseoflavin, affected the gene-expression, growth and infectivity of the human bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes to determine the potential of this analog to function as an antibacterial substance. the results indicate that roseoflavin has a profound inhibiting effect on the growth of l. monocytogenes at very low concentrations. als ...	2011	21593602
activity of finafloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone with increased activity at acid ph, towards extracellular and intracellular staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes and legionella pneumophila.	finafloxacin, an 8-cyano-substituted fluoroquinolone, expresses enhanced activity at acidic ph and is less susceptible to several fluoroquinolone resistance determinants. in this study, we compared finafloxacin and ciprofloxacin for (i) activity against ciprofloxacin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus as well as wild-type and lde efflux-positive (lde+) listeria monocytogenes, (ii) accumulation in thp-1 macrophages and (iii) intracellular activity towards phagocytised s. aureus, l. ...	2011	21596526
spray-dried zein capsules with coencapsulated nisin and thymol as antimicrobial delivery system for enhanced antilisterial properties.	food grade antimicrobial delivery systems were studied in this work to enhance the effectiveness of antimicrobials inhibiting the growth of listeria monocytogenes during storage. corn zein was used as a carrier biopolymer and nisin and thymol as antimicrobials. capsules produced by spray drying demonstrated different microstructures and release characteristics of nisin at different usage levels of thymol. better release profiles were achieved when glycerol was additionally used to prepare capsul ...	2011	21599034
chemical composition, cytotoxicity effect and antimicrobial activity of ceratonia siliqua essential oil with preservative effects against listeria inoculated in minced beef meat.	the present study describes the phytochemical profile and the protective effects of ceratonia siliqua pods essential oil (cseo), a food and medicinal plant widely distributed in tunisia. twenty five different components were identified in the cseo. among them, the major detected components were: nonadecane, heneicosane , naphthalene, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid dibutylester, heptadecane, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, phenyl ethyl tiglate, eicosene, farnesol ...	2011	21601302
genome sequence of lineage iii listeria monocytogenes strain hcc23.	more than 98% of reported human listeriosis cases are caused by listeria monocytogenes serotypes within lineages i and ii. serotypes within lineage iii (4a and 4c) are commonly isolated from environmental and food specimens. we report the first complete genome sequence of a lineage iii isolate, hcc23, which will be used for comparative analysis.	2011	21602330
the response of escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus to simulated food processing treatments using fluorescence activated cell sorting and plate counting.	three common food pathogenic microorganisms were exposed to treatments simulating those used in food processing. treated cell suspensions were then analyzed for reduction in growth by plate counting. flow cytometry (fcm) and fluorescence activated cell sorting (facs) was carried out on treated cells stained for membrane integrity (syto9/propidium iodide) or presence of membrane potential (dioc(2)(3)). for each microbial species, representative cells from various sub-populations detected by fcm w ...	2011	21602370
the spectrin cytoskeleton is crucial for adherent and invasive bacterial pathogenesis.	various enteric bacterial pathogens target the host cell cytoskeletal machinery as a crucial event in their pathogenesis. despite thorough studies detailing strategies microbes use to exploit these components of the host cell, the role of the spectrin-based cytoskeleton has been largely overlooked. here we show that the spectrin cytoskeleton is a host system that is hijacked by adherent (entropathogenic escherichia coli [epec]), invasive triggering (salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium [s. ty ...	2011	21603579
proteomic expression profiles of virulent and avirulent strains of listeria monocytogenes isolated from macrophages.	listeria monocytogenes is able to survive and proliferate within macrophages. in the current study, the ability of three l. monocytogenes strains (serovar 1/2a strain egde, serovar 4b strain f2365, and serovar 4a strain hcc23) to proliferate in the murine macrophage cell line j774.1 was analyzed. we found that the avirulent strain hcc23 was able to initiate an infection but could not establish prolonged infection within the macrophages. by contrast, strains egde and f2365 proliferated within mac ...	2011	21605710
innate immune recognition and inflammasome activation in listeria monocytogenes infection.	listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular, gram-positive bacterium that can cause life-threatening illness especially in immunocompromised individuals and newborns. the pathogen propagates within the cytosol of various host cells after escaping from the phagosomal compartment depending on the cytolysin listeriolysin o. while l. monocytogenes can manipulate the endocytic and many host-cell signaling cascades to its advantage, host cells are however capable of detecting listeria infection at diff ...	2011	21607087
factors affecting survival of listeria monocytogenes and listeria innocua in soil samples.	we investigated the ability of several strains of l. monocytogenes and listeria innocua strains to survive in local soil samples in vitro. survival of three l. monocytogenes strains, egde, cd83, and cd1038, and three l. innocua strains, clip, fh2117, fh2152, was monitored in soil samples by direct enumeration of colony-forming units on selective agar. the study did not demonstrate any species-specific difference in soil survival, and all listeria strains exhibited a marked decline in numbers ove ...	2011	21611773
development and evaluation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting iap for the detection of listeria monocytogenes in select food matrices.	abstract listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular foodborne pathogen that has been associated with severe human illnesses. various rapid detection methods have been developed for the specific detection of this pathogen. in the present study, a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay targeting iap, a gene encoding extracellular protein p60, was developed for l. monocytogenes. the pcr efficiency is above 85% and the limit of detection (lod) is 30 copies of genome per reactio ...	2011	21612427
bacterial meningitis in the united states, 1998-2007.	the rate of bacterial meningitis declined by 55% in the united states in the early 1990s, when the haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) conjugate vaccine for infants was introduced. more recent prevention measures such as the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and universal screening of pregnant women for group b streptococcus (gbs) have further changed the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis.	2011	21612470
the pathogenic potential of different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types of listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from food in northeast bosnia and herzegovina.	abstract listeria monocytogenes is often present in meat and meat products that are sold in the area of northeast bosnia and herzegovina. the major objective of this study was to examine the virulence of l. monocytogenes strains isolated from these types of food in that geographic area. polymerase chain reaction was used to detect eight genes responsible for virulence of this pathogen, namely, prfa, inla, inlb, hly, plca, plcb, acta, and mpl. all examined isolates were confirmed to possess the e ...	2011	21612523
[detection of listeria monocytogenes in white cheese by polymerase chain reaction (pcr)].	the polymerase chain reaction, known as pcr, is a method to replicate thousands of times within a few hours and in vitro, small amounts of dna. the application of rapid and sensitive methods to detect listeria monocytogenes in cheese samples, allow a better microbiological control of the production process. pcr was applied to 30 samples of of white cheese, from valencia, carabobo state. it was detected pcr specificity and sensitivity by using the control strain listeria monocytogenes 446. dna ex ...	2010	21614822
a cluster of listeria monocytogenes infections in hospitalised adults, midlands, england, february 2011.		2011	21616050
microbiological quality of pecorino siciliano "primosale" cheese on retail sale in the street markets of palermo, italy.	pecorino siciliano (ps) "primosale" is a traditional sicilian fresh soft cheese made from sheep's milk. short-ripening time and production from unpasteurized or raw milk can facilitate bacterial contamination of ps "primosale". the microbiological quality of "primosale" on retail sale in the street markets of palermo, italy was studied by detecting the common food pathogens listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus and indicator microorganisms, such as escherichia coli, enterobacteriaceae ...	2011	21617830
use of organic acids to inactivate escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes on organic fresh apples and lettuce.	this study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial effect of organic acids against escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes on whole red organic apples and lettuce. several studies have been conducted to evaluate organic acids as sanitizers. however, no studies have compared antimicrobial effects of various organic acids on organic fresh produce, including evaluation of color changes of produce. apples and lettuce were inoculated with a cocktail of 3 s ...	2011	21623781
examining the genetic variation of reference microbial cultures used within food and environmental laboratories using fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis.	fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (faflp) analysis was applied to genetically fingerprint 'working culture control strains' used by accredited food microbiology laboratories. a working culture control strain is defined as a sub-culture from a strain initially obtained from an authenticated source (such as the national collection of type cultures, nctc), that is maintained for use with routine testing within the laboratory. working culture control strains from eight food examinat ...	2011	21623896
[case report; mycotic aneurysm caused by listeria monocytogenes].		2011	21626843
listeria monocytogenes: an infrequent cause of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis.		2011	21629343
crystallization and preliminary structural analysis of the listeria monocytogenes ca(2+)-atpase lmca1.	ca(2+)-atpases are atp-driven membrane pumps that are responsible for the transport of ca(2+) ions across the membrane. the listeria monocytogenes ca(2+)-atpase lmca1 has been crystallized in the ca(2+)-free state stabilized by alf(4)(-), representing an occluded e2-p(i)-like state. the crystals belonged to space group p2(1)2(1)2 and a complete data set extending to 4.3 å resolution was collected. a molecular-replacement solution was obtained, revealing type i packing of the molecules in the cry ...	2011	21636921
identification and characterization of an essential gene in listeria monocytogenes using an inducible gene expression system.	the listeria monocytogenes gene lmo1594 is a homolog of the bacillus subtilis cell division gene ezra. ezra is a negative regulator of ftsz ring formation, which is required for efficient cell division as it regulates the frequency and position of z-rings in the cell and prevents aberrant polar cell division. previously identified as a putative high pressure (hp) resistance mechanism; conferring enhanced barotolerance when heterologously expressed against an escherichia coli background; the aim ...	2011	21637009
listeria monocytogenes: at the coalface of host-pathogen research.	listeria monocytogenes is a highly adaptable food-borne pathogen that causes the life threatening illness listeriosis in infected individuals. within the host this bacterium invades cells, escapes into the host cell cytosol and replicates intracellularly. to achieve this l. monocytogenes has evolved a sophisticated set of molecular weaponry that allows it to interact with and manipulate the cell biology of the host to its own advantage. many of these interactions are well understood, putting t ...	2010	21637036
"mini-array" transcriptional analysis of the listeria monocytogenes lecithinase operon as a class project: a student investigative molecular biology laboratory experience*.	this report describes a molecular biotechnology-based laboratory curriculum developed to accompany an undergraduate genetics course. during the course of a semester, students researched the pathogen, developed a research question, designed experiments, and performed transcriptional analysis of a set of genes that confer virulence to the food-borne pathogen, listeria monocytogenes. gene fragments were amplified via pcr and utilized in "mini-arrays," a dot-blot-based format suitable for the simult ...	2006	21638678
role of p47phox in antigen-presenting cell-mediated regulation of humoral immunity in mice.	microbial-induced inflammation is important for eliciting humoral immunity. genetic defects of nadph oxidase 2-based proteins interrupt phagocyte superoxide generation and are the basis for the human immunodeficiency chronic granulomatous disease (cgd). hyperinflammation is also a significant clinical manifestation of cgd. herein, we evaluated humoral immunity in the phagocyte oxidase p47(phox)-deficient model of cgd and found that uv-inactivated streptococcus pneumoniae and listeria monocytogen ...	2011	21641399
metabolomes of the psychrotolerant bacterium listeria monocytogenes 10403s grown at 37°c and 8°c.	listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen with the ability to grow at refrigeration temperatures. knowledge of the mechanisms involved in low temperature growth is incomplete and here we report the results of a metabolomics investigation of this. the small molecule contents of l. monocytogenes 10403s grown at 37°c and 8°c were compared by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms). over 500 peaks were detected in both 37°c and 8°c-grown cells, and 103 were identified. of the identified m ...	2011	21645939
p62 and ndp52 target intracytosolic shigella and listeria to different autophagy pathways.	autophagy is an important mechanism of innate immune defense. we have recently shown that autophagy components are recruited with septins, a new and increasingly characterized cytoskeleton component, to intracytosolic shigella that have started to polymerize actin. on the other hand, intracytosolic listeria avoids autophagy recognition by expressing acta, a bacterial effector required for actin polymerization. here we exploit shigella and listeria as intracytosolic tools to characterize differen ...	2011	21646350
yeast-based protein delivery to mammalian phagocytic cells is increased by coexpression of bacterial listeriolysin.	yeast-mediated protein delivery to mammalian antigen-presenting cells is a powerful approach for inducing cell-mediated immune responses. we show that coexpression of the pore-forming protein listeriolysin o from listeria monocytogenes leads to improved translocation of a proteinaceous antigen and subsequent activation of specific t lymphocytes. as the resulting yeast carrier is self-attenuated and killed after antigen delivery without exhibiting any toxic effect on antigen-presenting cells, thi ...	2011	21652018
virulence regulator prfa is essential for biofilm formation in listeria monocytogenes but not in listeria innocua.	the ability of the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes to develop biofilm in food-processing environment is a major concern for the food safety, because biofilms allow bacteria to better resist environmental stresses. prfa is a key transcriptional activator that positively regulates most of the known listerial virulence gene expression. in order to explore the role of prfa on listeria biofilm development, we compared the abilities of biofilm formation by l. monocytogenes wild type strains ...	2011	21656247
listeria monocytogenes serotypes 1/2c and 3c possess inlh.	abstract to examine the serotype specificity of inlh, which encodes the virulence-associated surface protein inlh related to the intracellular survival of listeria monocytogenes in mice, the presence of inlh in 337 l. monocytogenes strains, representing 11 different serotypes, was studied. a total of 106 strains representing 3 serotypes and 14 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) types were positive for inlh by polymerase chain reaction. inlh was present in all 99 serotype 1/2c and 3 serotype ...	2011	21657936
monitoring horizontal antibiotic resistance gene transfer in a colonic fermentation model.	the human microbiota is suggested to be a reservoir of antibiotic resistance (abr) genes, which are exchangeable between transient colonizers and residing bacteria. in this study, the transfer of abr genes from enterococcus faecalis to listeria monocytogenes and to commensal bacteria of the human gut microbiota was demonstrated in a colonic fermentation model. in the first fermentation, an e. faecalis donor harboring the marked 50-kb conjugative plasmid pre25(*) and a chromosomal marker was co-i ...	2011	21658089
specific depletion reveals a novel role for neutrophil-mediated protection in the liver during listeria monocytogenes infection.	previous studies have suggested that neutrophils are required for resistance during infection with multiple pathogenic microorganisms. however, the depleting antibody used in those studies binds to both ly6g and ly6c (anti-gr-1; clone rb6-8c5). this antibody has been shown to deplete not only neutrophils but also monocytes and a subset of cd8(+) t cells. recently, an antibody against ly6g, which specifically depletes neutrophils, was characterized. in the present study, neutrophils are depleted ...	2011	21660934
gm-csf increases cross-presentation and cd103 expression by mouse cd8(+) spleen dendritic cells.	resident cd8(+) dcs perform several functions, including cross-presenting antigen and rapidly engulfing the gram-positive intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes. little is known about how these functions of cd8(+) dcs are modulated. here, we show that granulocyte-macrophage csf (gm-csf), a cytokine that exists at low levels at steady state but is elevated during infection and inflammation, enhances cross-presentation and rapid uptake of l. monocytogenes by resident cd8(+) dcs. this previo ...	2011	21660938
three cpg oligodeoxynucleotide classes differentially enhance antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice.	synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated cpg-dinucleotides (cpg-odns) are immunostimulatory in a broad spectrum of species. extensive studies provide evidence that cpg-odns are effective as immunotherapeutics and vaccine adjuvants in various clinical settings. three major classes of immunostimulatory cpg-odns are well characterized according to their in vitro activities and chemical compositions. however, it remains largely unclear whether and how these differences translate in vi ...	2011	21664398
the transcriptional response of listeria monocytogenes during adaptation to growth on lactate and diacetate includes synergistic changes that increase fermentative acetoin production.	the organic acids lactate and diacetate are commonly used in combination in ready-to-eat foods because they show synergistic ability to inhibit the growth of listeria monocytogenes. full-genome microarrays were used to investigate the synergistic transcriptomic responses of two l. monocytogenes strains, h7858 (serotype 4b) and f6854 (serotype 1/2a), to these two organic acids under conditions representing osmotic and cold stress encountered in foods. strains were exposed to brain heart infusion ...	2011	21666015
[infections due to listeria monocytogenes].		2011	21667005
inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes in orange and tomato juice using ohmic heating.	the effects of ohmic heating on reduction of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes in orange and tomato juice were investigated. orange and tomato juice inoculated with e. coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and l. monocytogenes were subjected to ohmic heating with selected parameters including electric field strength from 10 to 20 v/cm and treatment times from 0 to 540 s. the number of pathogens was reduced by increasing the electric field strength from ...	2011	21669065
important vectors for listeria monocytogenes transmission at farm dairies manufacturing fresh sheep and goat cheese from raw milk.	the aim of this study was to determine the transmission routs of listeria spp. in dairy farms manufacturing fresh cheese made from ovine and caprine raw milk and to evaluate the impact of listeria monocytogenes mastitis on raw milk contamination. overall, 5,799 samples, including 835 environmental samples, 230 milk and milk product samples, and 4,734 aseptic half-udder foremilk samples were collected from 53 dairy farms in the dairy intensive area of lower austria. farms were selected for the st ...	2011	21669068
multistate outbreak of listeria monocytogenes associated with mexican-style cheese made from pasteurized milk among pregnant, hispanic women.	listeriosis is a severe infection caused by listeria monocytogenes. since 2004, the centers for disease control and prevention has requested that listeriosis patients be interviewed using a standardized listeria initiative (li) questionnaire. in january 2009, states and the centers for disease control and prevention began investigating a multistate outbreak of listeriosis among pregnant, hispanic women. we defined a case as an illness occurring between october 2008 and march 2009 with an l. mono ...	2011	21669072
use of commercially available antimicrobial compounds for prevention of listeria monocytogenes growth in ready-to-eat minced tuna and salmon roe during shelf life.	listeria monocytogenes found in minced tuna and fish roe can cause listeriosis. these products are classified in category b according to the codex alimentarius commission, i.e., ready-to-eat foods in which l. monocytogenes growth can occur. we investigated the effectiveness of nisin and other commercially available antimicrobial compounds (lysozyme, ╬á-polylysine, and chitosan) for prevention of l. monocytogenes growth during the expected shelf life of raw minced tuna and salmon roe products. fo ...	2011	21669079
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of listeria monocytogenes isolated in chicken slaughterhouses in northern greece.	this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of listeria monocytogenes recovered from chicken carcasses in slaughterhouses in northern greece. a total of 100 poultry samples (300 carcasses) were examined for listeria spp. the samples were neck skin taken from four different slaughterhouses in northern greece. forty samples were also taken from the environment of the slaughterhouses. identification of l. monocytogenes was carried out by pcr and fingerprinting ...	2011	21669084
antibacterial activity of naringin derivatives against pathogenic strains.	aims:ôçé to study the antimicrobial activity of naringin (nar), a flavonoid extracted from citrus industry waste, and nar derivatives [naringenin (nge), prunin and alkyl prunin esters] against pathogenic bacteria such as l.┬ámonocytogenes, e.┬ácoli o157:h7 and s.┬áaureus. the relationship between the structure of the chemical compounds and their antagonistic effect was also analysed. methods and results:ôçé the agar dilution technique and direct contact assaying were applied. nge, prunin and nar ...	2011	21672094
role of flha and mota in growth of listeria monocytogenes at low temperatures.	while temperature-dependent induction of flagella is a well-characterized phenomenon in listeria monocytogenes, the essentiality of increased flagellum production during growth at low temperatures remains unclear. to study this relationship, we compared the relative expression levels of two motility genes, flha and mota, at 3┬░c, 25┬░c and 37┬░c in l. monocytogenes strain egd-e by using qrt-pcr, and compared the growth curves, motility, and flagellation between the wild-type and flha and mota de ...	2011	21683466
genome sequence of listeria monocytogenes scott a, a clinical isolate from a food-borne listeriosis outbreak.	listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic food-borne pathogen and the causative agent of listeriosis in animals and humans. we present the genome sequence of listeria monocytogenes scott a, a widely distributed and frequently used serovar 4b clinical isolate from the 1983 listeriosis outbreak in massachusetts.	2011	21685277
identity, regulation and in vivo function of gut nkp46+ror+¦t+ and nkp46+ror+¦t- lymphoid cells.	the gut is a major barrier against microbes and encloses various innate lymphoid cells (ilcs), including two subsets expressing the natural cytotoxicity receptor nkp46. a subset of nkp46(+) cells expresses retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor +¦t (ror+¦t) and produces il-22, like lymphoid tissue inducer (lti) cells. other nkp46(+) cells lack ror+¦t and produce ifn-+¦, like conventional natural killer (cnk) cells. the identity, the regulation and the in vivo functions of gut nkp46(+) il ...	2011	21685873
prime-boost vaccination with heterologous live vectors encoding siv gag and multimeric hiv-1 gp160 protein: efficacy against repeated mucosal r5 clade c shiv challenges.	we sought to induce primate immunodeficiency virus-specific cellular and neutralizing antibody (nab) responses in rhesus macaques (rm) through a bimodal vaccine approach. rm were immunized intragastrically (i.g.) with the live-attenuated listeria monocytogenes (lm) vector lmdd-bdopsivgag encoding sivmac239 gag. siv gag-specific cellular responses were boosted by intranasal and intratracheal administration of replication-competent adenovirus (ad5hr-sivgag) encoding the same gag. to broaden antivi ...	2011	21693155
rhombencephalitis: a series of 97 patients.	the term rhombencephalitis refers to inflammatory diseases affecting the hindbrain (brainstem and cerebellum). rhombencephalitis has a wide variety of etiologies, some of them potentially severe and life threatening without proper early treatment. in this retrospective observational study, we reviewed the records of consecutively hospitalized patients at university hospital of bellvitge (barcelona, spain) from january 1990 to december 2008. rhombencephalitis was defined as a brainstem and/or cer ...	2011	21694648
characterization and antibiotic susceptibility of listeria monocytogenes isolated from poultry and red meat in morocco.	this study was carried out on 426 samples of raw meats collected from butcheries and supermarkets in casablanca, morocco. the samples were examined for the occurrence of listeria species. strains of listeria monocytogenes were characterized by several biochemical tests and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). +¦-hemolytic cultures and nonhemolytic isolates were tested for biochemical properties with the listeria api test. among the 43 listeria species isolates; we identified 10 strains ...	2008	21694879
adaptation of listeria monocytogenes to oxidative and nitrosative stress in ifn-+¦-activated macrophages.	ifn-+¦-activated macrophages are considered to be the primary effector cells in host defense against listeria monocytogenes infections. however despite the induction of the complex host defense mechanisms, survival of l. monocytogenes in activated macrophages is still observed. here we used a whole genome-based transcriptome approach to examine for bacterial genes specifically induced in ifn-+¦-activated macrophages. we demonstrated that cells activated by ifn-+¦ had elevated oxidative and nitro ...	2011	21697010
the ifn-+¦-inducible gtpase, irga6, protects mice against toxoplasma gondii but not against plasmodium berghei and some other intracellular pathogens.	clearance of infection with intracellular pathogens in mice involves interferon-regulated gtpases of the irg protein family. experiments with mice genetically deficient in members of this family such as irgm1(lrg-47), irgm3(igtp), and irgd(irg-47) has revealed a critical role in microbial clearance, especially for toxoplasma gondii. the in vivo role of another member of this family, irga6 (iigp, iigp1) has been studied in less detail. we investigated the susceptibility of two independently gener ...	2011	21698150
tlr2 signaling contributes to rapid inflammasome activation during f. novicida infection.	background: early detection of microorganisms by the innate immune system is provided by surface-expressed and endosomal pattern recognition receptors (prrs) such as toll-like receptors (tlrs). detection of microbial components by tlrs initiates a signaling cascade leading to the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including il-6 and il-1+¦. some intracellular bacteria subvert the tlr response by rapidly escaping the phagosome and entering the cytosol. however, these bacteria may be recogniz ...	2011	21698237
innate memory phenotype cd4(+) t cells play a role in early protection against infection with listeria monocytogenes in a cd30l-dependent manner.	cd30 ligand (cd30l, cd153) is a type ii membrane-associated glycoprotein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (tnf) family. we show here that cd30l knock out (ko) mice were highly susceptible to primary infection with listeria monocytogenes as assessed by the survival rate. the number of bacteria on day 3 after infection was significantly greater in the peritoneal cavity, spleen and liver of cd30lko mice than in wild type (wt) mice. the innate function of memory phenotype (mp) cd44(+) cd4(+) t ...	2011	21699557
effect of lactoferrin and its derivatives against gram-positive bacteria in vitro and, combined with high pressure, in chicken breast fillets.	the bactericidal activity of lactoferrin (lf), amidated lactoferrin (amilf), pepsin digested lactoferrin (pdlf), and its activated (alf) commercial form, against six strains of three gram-positive bacterial species was investigated. listeria monocytogenes was most sensitive in vitro, staphylococcus aureus showed a moderate resistance, and enterococus faecalis was highly resistant to antimicrobials. when chicken breast fillets were inoculated with l. monocytogenes cect5725 and treated with antimi ...	2011	21703778
the genome sequence of the lactic acid bacterium, carnobacterium maltaromaticum atcc 35586 encodes potential virulence factors.	the genus carnobacterium belongs to the lactic acid bacteria and carnobacterium maltaromaticum is commonly found in modified atmosphere packed and vacuum packed fish and meat products as well as in live fish. this species has been described as a fish pathogenic organism but human clinical isolates have only been obtained at one occasion. to investigate the virulence potential we sequenced the entire genome of strain atcc 35586, isolated from a diseased salmon. when comparing the translated gene ...	2011	21704418
the use of hollow fiber membranes combined with cytometry in analysis of bacteriological samples.	to avoid destruction of the implanted biological material it may be separated from host immunological system by enclosure within a permiselective membrane. two-directional diffusion through the membrane of nutrients, metabolic products, as well as bioactive products of encapsulated cells is required to ensure their survival and functional activities. the system of cells encapsulated within the membrane releasing the biologically active substance may be applied either locally to give an opportuni ...	2011	21704848
detection, cellular localization and antibacterial activity of two lytic enzymes of pediococcus acidilactici atcc 8042.	aim:ôçé in pediococcus acidilactici atcc 8042, two activities of peptidoglycan hydrolase (pgh) with lytic effect against micrococcus lysodeikticus and staphylococcus aureus have been detected. this work intends to elucidate the growth phase of maximum lytic activity, the localization and the effectiveness of the activity against pathogenic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. methods and results:ôçé cells were grown in mrs medium and collected at different growth stages, and the proteins we ...	2011	21707881
transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (trpm2) ion channel is required for innate immunity against listeria monocytogenes.	the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) is inherent to immune responses. ros are crucially involved in host defense against pathogens by promoting bacterial killing, but also as signaling agents coordinating the production of cytokines. transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (trpm2) is a ca(2+)-permeable channel gated via binding of adp-ribose, a metabolite formed under conditions of cellular exposure to ros. here, we show that trpm2-deficient mice are extremely susceptible to infecti ...	2011	21709234
cd8+ t cells primed in the periphery provide time-bound immune-surveillance to the central nervous system.	after vaccination, memory cd8(+) t cells migrate to different organs to mediate immune surveillance. in most nonlymphoid organs, following an infection, cd8(+) t cells differentiate to become long-lived effector-memory cells, thereby providing long-term protection against a secondary infection. in this study, we demonstrated that ag-specific cd8(+) t cells that migrate to the mouse brain following a systemic listeria infection do not display markers reminiscent of long-term memory cells. in cont ...	2011	21715683
bacterial extract cantastim activates macrophages via tlr-2.	cantastim is a second generation bacterial immunomodulator. the aim of this study was to examine the mechanism by which bacterial immunomodulator cantastim induces production of inflammatory cytokines in monocytes/macrophages. proinflammatory cytokines were induced in pma-differentiated thp-1 cells by stimulation with tlr agonists and cantastim in the presence or absence of anti-tlr blocking antibodies or isotype matched control antibodies. also, rna interference was used to knockdown tlr2 or tl ...	2011	21717809
microbial challenges of poultry meat production.	food safety and shelf-life are both important microbial concerns in relation to broiler meat production. focus is mainly placed on the absence or control of potentially pathogenic microbes such as salmonella spp. and campylobacter spp. but, from the commercial point of view, other spoilage bacteria also play a role as potential threats. regarding food safety, the primary target should be the production of pathogen-free live animals, thus allowing slaughter plants to keep the processing line free ...	2011	21718794
listeria bacteriophage peptidoglycan hydrolases feature high thermoresistance and reveal increased activity after divalent metal cation substitution.	the ability of the bacteriophage-encoded peptidoglycan hydrolases (endolysins) to destroy gram-positive bacteria from without makes these enzymes promising antimicrobials. recombinant endolysins from listeria monocytogenes phages have been shown to rapidly lyse and kill the pathogen in all environments. to determine optimum conditions regarding application of recombinant listeria phage endolysins in food or production equipments, properties of different listeria endolysins were studied. optimum ...	2011	21720825
inlb-mediated listeria monocytogenes internalization requires a balanced phospholipase d activity maintained through phospho-cofilin.	internalization of listeria monocytogenes into non-phagocytic cells is tightly controlled by host cell actin dynamics and cell membrane alterations. however, knowledge about the impact of phosphatidylcholine cleavage driven by host cell phospholipase d (pld) on listeria internalization into epithelial cells is limited. here, we report that l. monocytogenes activates pld in vero cells during the internalization. with immunostaining it was shown that both pld1 and pld2 surrounded partially or comp ...	2011	21722201
effects of natural antimicrobials on inhibition of listeria monocytogenes and on chemical, physical and sensory attributes of naturally-cured frankfurters.	due to regulations for natural and organic processed meats, sodium nitrite and many antimicrobials cannot be used. therefore, natural and organic processed meats are more susceptible to pathogenic bacterial growth, and natural alternatives to chemical preservatives are needed. inhibition of listeria monocytogenes, and quality characteristics of frankfurters manufactured with 3% cranberry powder, or with 1% or 2% cranberry powder each with either cherry powder (0.6%), lime powder (60mg/kg), or a ...	2011	21723674
evidence of autoinduction heterogeneity via expression of the agr system of listeria monocytogenes at the single-cell level.	to investigate if the primary function of the agr system of listeria monocytogenes is to monitor cell density, we followed agr expression in batch cultures, in which the autoinducer concentration was uniform, and in biofilms. expression was heterogeneous, suggesting that the primary function of agr is not to monitor population density.	2011	21724873
cutting edge: {beta}-catenin is dispensable for t cell effector differentiation, memory formation, and recall responses.	the molecular mechanisms that regulate mature t cell fate and enable cells to differentiate into memory t cells are largely unknown. memory t cells share certain key features with stem cells: they both have the ability to self-renew and are long-lived. the wnt-+¦-catenin signaling pathway is a key player in regulating stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. we generated a conditional knockout mouse that specifically lacks +¦-catenin in mature t cells and report in this article that +¦-cateni ...	2011	21724993
regulated shift from helical to polar localization of listeria monocytogenescell wall-anchored proteins.	many virulence factors of gram-positive bacterial pathogens are covalently anchored to the peptidoglycan (pg) by sortase enzymes. however, for rod-shaped bacteria little is known about the spatiotemporal organization of these surface proteins in the cell wall. here we report the three-dimensional (3d) localization of the pg-bound virulence factors inla, inlh, inlj, and svpa in the envelope of listeria monocytogenesunder different growth conditions. we found that all pg-anchored proteins are posi ...	2011	21725001
characterization and partial purification of a bacteriocin-like substance produced by thermophilic bacillus licheniformis h1 isolated from cow manure compost.	the production and partial characterization of bacteriocin-like substances (blss) produced by bacteria isolated from cow manure compost were investigated. eight bls producers, which exhibited inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria, were isolated from cow manure compost at different stages of the composting process. the pile temperature ranged from 9.1 -¦c to 73.2 -¦c. the blss showed thermostability, but the bls producers were not thermostable except for the h1 producer. thermophilic ba ...	2011	21729216
[listeria monocytogenes in human infections].	the listeria genus is distinguished into six species from which just one--listeria monocytogenes is pathogenic for humans. the main route of acquisition of listeria is through the ingestion of contaminated food products. an important element of the l. monocytogenes pathogenesis infection is affiliation with high-risk group of immunocompromised patients, infants or pregnant women, who infected by this microorganism can lead to miscarriage. listeriosis can appear in the form of sepsis, infection o ...	2011	21735837
[listeriosis of the central nervous system: epidemiological and diagnostic aspects--own observations].	the aim of the study was to evaluate clinical and laboratory findings and predisposing factors for listeria monocytogenes (lm) meningitis.	2011	21735838
n-terminal gly(224)-gly(411) domain in listeria adhesion protein interacts with host receptor hsp60.	listeria adhesion protein (lap) is a housekeeping bifunctional enzyme consisting of n-terminal acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) and c-terminal alcohol dehydrogenase (adh). it aids listeria monocytogenes in crossing the epithelial barrier through a paracellular route by interacting with its host receptor, heat shock protein 60 (hsp60). to gain insight into the binding interaction between lap and hsp60, lap subdomain(s) participating in the hsp60 interaction were investigated.	2011	21738582
rapid analysis of listeria monocytogenes cell wall teichoic acid carbohydrates by esi-ms/ms.	we report the application of electrospray ionization (esi) mass spectrometry for compositional characterization of wall teichoic acids (wta), a major component of gram-positive bacterial cell walls. tandem mass spectrometry (esi-ms/ms) of purified and chemically hydrolyzed monomeric wta components provided sufficient information to identify wta monomers and their specific carbohydrate constituents. a lithium matrix was used for ionization of uncharged wta monomers, and successfully applied to an ...	2011	21738682
acid adaptation affects the viability of listeria monocytogenes bcrc 14846 and salmonella typhimurium bcrc 10747 exposed to disinfectants at 25-¦c and 40-¦c.	abstract in the present study, listeria monocytogenes bcrc 14846 and salmonella typhimurium bcrc 10747 were subjected to acid adaptation at ph 5.5 at 37-¦c for 1 and 4ôçëh, respectively. the viability of the acid-adapted cells of test organisms exposed to clidox-s, a chlorine-containing disinfectant, and quatricide, a quaternary ammonium compound, was examined and compared with that of the control cells at 25-¦c and 40-¦c. results revealed that acid adaptation significantly enhanced the viabilit ...	2011	21740275
behaviour of listeria monocytogenes in packaged water buffalo mozzarella cheese.	aims:ôçé the aim of the study was to evaluate the behaviour of listeria monocytogenes in the conditioning liquid of packaged water buffalo mozzarella cheese (wbmc). methods and results:ôçé the conditioning liquid was contaminated with l.-ámonocytogenes, and the contaminated samples were stored at four different storage temperatures: 5 and 10-¦c for 22ôçâdays; 20-¦c for 9ôçâdays; 20-¦c for 3ôçâdays and then at 5-¦c for 6ôçâdays. the results showed that l.-ámonocytogenes concentration decreased wh ...	2011	21740447
effect of antimicrobial coatings on the radiosensitization of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes in fresh broccoli.	radiosensitization of listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, and aerobic microflora was evaluated in broccoli florets coated by antimicrobial coatings and treated with different doses of +¦-radiation. broccoli florets were inoculated with aerobic microflora isolated from broccoli and with pathogenic bacteria (l. monocytogenes, e. coli, and salmonella typhimurium) at 10(6) cfu/ml. inoculated florets were then coated with methylcellulose-based coating containing various ...	2011	21740707
prevalence, distribution, and diversity of listeria monocytogenes in retail environments, focusing on small establishments and establishments with a history of failed inspections.	despite growing concerns about cross-contamination of ready-to-eat foods with listeria monocytogenes, our knowledge about the ecology and transmission of l. monocytogenes in retail establishments has remained limited. we conducted a cross-sectional study to characterize the prevalence, distribution, and subtype diversity of l. monocytogenes in 120 new york state retail deli establishments that were hypothesized to present an increased risk for environmental l. monocytogenes contamination (i.e., ...	2011	21740710
listeria monocytogenes contamination in french breeding and fattening turkey flocks.	this study aimed to collect data and create a database related to listeria monocytogenes contamination in breeding and fattening turkey flocks. seventy-five breeding turkey flocks and 86 fattening turkey flocks were sampled. three hundred seventy-five and 428 samples were analyzed in breeding and fattening turkey flocks, respectively. l. monocytogenes was detected in 9 of 75 breeding flocks, leading to an estimated prevalence of 12% (95% confidence interval, 4.6-19.4). in fattening turkeys, the ...	2011	21740711
transcriptome analysis of listeria monocytogenes grown on a ready-to-eat meat matrix.	the contamination of ready-to-eat (rte) meat products with listeria monocytogenes is a major concern for the food industry. for a better understanding of the adaptation and survival ability of l. monocytogenes grown on turkey deli meat, the transcriptome of l. monocytogenes strain f2365 was determined with a microarray. microarray data were validated with a quantitative real-time reverse transcription pcr assay. based on the microarray data, 39 and 45 genes from l. monocytogenes were transcripti ...	2011	21740712
comparison between the resistance of benzalkonium chloride-adapted and -nonadapted biofilms of listeria monocyogenes to modified atmosphere packaging and nisin once transferred to mussels.	benzalkonium chloride-adapted and -nonadapted listeria monocytogenes biofilm cells were transferred by contact to cooked or live mussels and packed in rich co(2) and o(2), respectively. the viabilities of transferred cells during storage of these packed samples at 2.5 -¦c were compared. in addition, in cooked mussels the combined effect of co(2) and nisin against the survival of l. monocytogenes was also studied by using a first-order factorial design. the results obtained demonstrated that biof ...	2011	21740713
effect of antimicrobial spice and herb extract combinations on listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, and spoilage microflora growth on cooked ready-to-eat vacuum-packaged shrimp.	two spice and herb extract combinations from galangal (alpinia galanga), rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis), and lemon iron bark (eucalyptus staigerana) were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of inoculated listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus and naturally present spoilage microflora on cooked ready-to-eat shrimp stored for 16 days at 4 or 8 -¦c. a combination of galangal, rosemary, and lemon iron bark significantly reduced (p < 0.05) levels of aerobic bacteria and lac ...	2011	21740714
antibacterial effects of enniatins j(1) and j(3) on pathogenic and lactic acid bacteria.	enniatins (ens) are n-methylated cyclohexadepsipeptides, secondary metabolites produced by various species of the genus fusarium. they are known to act as antifungal, antiyeast and antibacterial and to possess antiinsecticidal and phytotoxic properties. in this study we evaluated for the first time the antibiotic effect of pure fractions of en j(1) and j(3) on several pathogenic strains and lactic acid bacteria. the ens j(1) and j(3) were purified from the fermentation extract of fusarium solani ...	2011	21742008
genome sequence of the nonpathogenic listeria monocytogenes serovar 4a strain m7.	this report presents the complete and annotated genome sequence of the naturally nonpathogenic listeria monocytogenes serovar 4a strain m7, isolated from cow's milk in zhejiang province, china.	2011	21742872
novel multiplex single nucleotide polymorphism-based method for identifying epidemic clones of listeria monocytogenes.	a novel primer extension-based, multiplex minisequencing assay targeting six highly informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in four virulence genes correctly identified and differentiated all four epidemic clones (ecs) of listeria monocytogenes and 9 other strains initially misclassified as non-ecs. this assay allows rapid, accurate, and high-throughput screening for all known ecs of l. monocytogenes.	2011	21742911
polysaccharides purified from the submerged culture of ganoderma formosanum stimulate macrophage activation and protect mice against listeria monocytogenes infection.	the bioactive components of ganoderma formosanum have not yet been characterized. we investigated the immunomodulatory activities of the extracellular polysaccharides produced from a submerged mycelial culture of g. formosanum. the polysaccharides were mainly composed of d: -mannose, d: -galactose and d: -glucose. after gel filtration chromatography, three polysaccharide fractions (ps-f1, ps-f2 and ps-f3) were purified. ps-f2 stimulated mouse raw264.7 macrophages to produce tnf-a and nitric oxid ...	2011	21744272
specific antibody-receptor interactions trigger inlab-independent uptake of listeria monocytogenes into tumor cell lines.	abstract:	2011	21745384