Publications

distribution and prevalence of nosema apis and n. ceranae in temperate and subtropical eco-regions of argentina.	a total of 361 colonies from 59 apiaries located in two temperate and three subtropical eco-regions were examined during the post-harvest period to determine distribution and prevalence of nosema spp. apiaries from subtropical eco-regions showed a lower spore count than those from temperate eco-regions. pure n. ceranae and co-infection were detected in apiaries from all regions. in contrast, pure n. apis infection was exclusively observed in the subtropical study region. the predominant detectio ...	2016	27816747
nosema ceranae is an old resident of honey bee (apis mellifera) colonies in mexico, causing infection levels of one million spores per bee or higher during summer and fall.	this study was conducted to identify nosema spp. and to determine their infection levels in honey bee (apis mellifera) samples collected in mexico in 1995-1996. samples of historical surveys from different countries are of particular interest to support or challenge the hypothesis that the microsporidium nosema ceranae is a new parasite of a. mellifera that has recently dispersed across the world. we demonstrate that n. ceranae has parasitized honey bees in mexico since at least 1995 and that th ...	2016	27816748
chrysin promotes attenuation of depressive-like behavior and hippocampal dysfunction resulting from olfactory bulbectomy in mice.	chrysin is a natural flavonoid which is found in bee propolis, honey and various plants, and antidepressant-like effect of chrysin in chronically stressed mice was previously demonstrated by our group. in this work, we investigated the action of chrysin treatment (5 or 20 mg/kg) for 14 days in the depressant-like behavior and in the hippocampal dysfunction induced by olfactory bulbectomy (ob), an animal model of agitated depression. results demonstrated that ob occasioned a depressant-like behav ...	2016	27818124
identifying bacterial predictors of honey bee health.	non-targeted approaches are useful tools to identify new or emerging issues in bee health. here, we utilise next generation sequencing to highlight bacteria associated with healthy and unhealthy honey bee colonies, and then use targeted methods to screen a wider pool of colonies with known health status. our results provide the first evidence that bacteria from the genus arsenophonus are associated with poor health in honey bee colonies. we also discovered lactobacillus and leuconostoc spp. were ...	2016	27818181
current knowledge of detoxification mechanisms of xenobiotic in honey bees.	the western honey bee apis mellifera is the most important managed pollinator species in the world. multiple factors have been implicated as potential causes or factors contributing to colony collapse disorder, including honey bee pathogens and nutritional deficiencies as well as exposure to pesticides. honey bees' genome is characterized by a paucity of genes associated with detoxification, which makes them vulnerable to specific pesticides, especially to combinations of pesticides in real fiel ...	2017	27819118
a variant reference data set for the africanized honeybee, apis mellifera.	the africanized honeybee (ahb) is a population of apis mellifera found in the americas. ahbs originated in 1956 in rio clara, brazil where imported african a. m. scutellata escaped and hybridized with local populations of european a. mellifera. africanized populations can now be found from northern argentina to the southern united states. ahbs-often referred to as 'killer bees'- are a major concern to the beekeeping industry as well as a model for the evolutionary genetics of colony defence. we ...	2016	27824336
dna methylation and gene regulation in honeybees: from genome-wide analyses to obligatory epialleles.	in contrast to heavily methylated mammalian genomes, invertebrate genomes are only sparsely methylated in a 'mosaic' fashion with the majority of methylated cpg dinucleotides found across gene bodies. importantly, this gene body methylation is frequently associated with active transcription, and studies in the honeybee have shown that there are strong links between gene body methylation and alternative splicing. additional work also highlights that obligatory methylated epialleles influence tran ...	2016	27826840
flight behaviour of honey bee (apis mellifera) workers is altered by initial infections of the fungal parasite nosema apis.	honey bees (apis mellifera) host a wide range of parasites, some being known contributors towards dramatic colony losses as reported over recent years. to counter parasitic threats, honey bees possess effective immune systems. because immune responses are predicted to cause substantial physiological costs for infected individuals, they are expected to trade off with other life history traits that ultimately affect the performance and fitness of the entire colony. here, we tested whether the init ...	2016	27827404
an effective massive sensor network data access scheme based on topology control for the internet of things.	this paper considers the distributed access and control problem of massive wireless sensor networks' data access center for the internet of things, which is an extension of wireless sensor networks and an element of its topology structure. in the context of the arrival of massive service access requests at a virtual data center, this paper designs a massive sensing data access and control mechanism to improve the access efficiency of service requests and makes full use of the available resources ...	2016	27827878
switchgrass (panicum virgatum) intercropping within managed loblolly pine (pinus taeda) does not affect wild bee communities.	intensively-managed pine (pinus spp.) have been shown to support diverse vertebrate communities, but their ability to support invertebrate communities, such as wild bees, has not been well-studied. recently, researchers have examined intercropping switchgrass (panicum virgatum), a native perennial, within intensively managed loblolly pine (p. taeda) plantations as a potential source for cellulosic biofuels. to better understand potential effects of intercropping on bee communities, we investigat ...	2016	27827916
construction and rescue of a molecular clone of deformed wing virus (dwv).	european honey bees are highly important in crop pollination, increasing the value of global agricultural production by billions of dollars. current knowledge about virulence and pathogenicity of deformed wing virus (dwv), a major factor in honey bee colony mortality, is limited. with this study, we close the gap between field research and laboratory investigations by establishing a complete in vitro model for dwv pathogenesis. infectious dwv was rescued from a molecular clone of a dwv-a genome ...	2016	27828961
effect of 1,3-1,6 β-glucan on natural and experimental deformed wing virus infection in newly emerged honeybees (apis mellifera ligustica).	the western honeybee is a key pollinator for natural as well as agricultural ecosystems. in the last decade massive honeybee colony losses have been observed worldwide, the result of a complex syndrome triggered by multiple stress factors, with the rna virus deformed wing virus (dwv) and the mite varroa destructor playing crucial roles. the mite supports replication of dwv to high titers, which exert an immunosuppressive action and correlate with the onset of the disease. the aim of this study w ...	2016	27829027
recent updates in imperative natural compounds for healthy brain and nerve function: a systematic review of implications for multiple sclerosis.	the evolution of the 'green' movement in western society has changed attitudes in the general population who now perceive natural compounds as being inherently harmless and more desirable than artificial chemical products.	2016	27829351
honey bee viruses in wild bees: viral prevalence, loads, and experimental inoculation.	evidence of inter-species pathogen transmission from managed to wild bees has sparked concern that emerging diseases could be causing or exacerbating wild bee declines. while some pathogens, like rna viruses, have been found in pollen and wild bees, the threat these viruses pose to wild bees is largely unknown. here, we tested 169 bees, representing 4 families and 8 genera, for five common honey bee (apis mellifera) viruses, finding that more than 80% of wild bees harbored at least one virus. we ...	2016	27832169
variability of residue concentrations of ciprofloxacin in honey from treated hives.	honey bees (apis mellifera l.) were treated with a model veterinary drug compound (ciprofloxacin) in a 3-year study (2012-14) to investigate the variability of residue concentration in honey. sucrose solution containing ciprofloxacin was administered to 45 hives (1 g of ciprofloxacin per hive) at the beginning of the honey flow in late may/mid-june 2012, 2013 and 2014. buckfast honey bees (a. mellifera - hybrid) were used in years 2012 and 2013. carniolan honey bees (a. mellifera carnica) were u ...	2017	27832727
piecewise modelling and parameter estimation of repairable system failure rate.	lifetime failure data usually presents a bathtub-shaped failure rate, and random failure phase dominates its life cycle. relatively large errors always existed when single distribution model is used for analysis and modelling. therefore, a bathtub-shaped reliability model based on piecewise intensity function was proposed for repairable system. parameter estimation was studied by using maximum likelihood method in conjunction with two-stage weibull process interval estimation and artificial bee ...	2016	27833830
bee venom inhibits porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharides-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines through suppression of nf-κb and ap-1 signaling pathways.	periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to destruction of tooth supporting tissues. porphyromonas gingivalis (p. gingivalis), especially its lipopolysaccharides (lps), is one of major pathogens that cause periodontitis. bee venom (bv) has been widely used as a traditional medicine for various diseases. previous studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial effects of bv. however, a direct role and cellular mechanism of bv on periodontitis-like human keratinoc ...	2016	27834922
a genome-wide analysis of simple sequence repeats in apis cerana and its development as polymorphism markers.	the asian honeybee (apis cerana) is an important indigenous species that play an indispensable role in the ecological balance and biological diversity. few studies have been conducted to characterize the simple sequence repeats (ssrs) derived from a. cerana, so, in this study, a genome-wide screening for ssrs were firstly performed in the genome of a. cerana by comparison with that in west honeybee (apis mellifera). there were 20,9991 ssrs distributed throughout the genome of a. cerana (korea st ...	2017	27836668
characterization of nosema ceranae genetic variants from different geographic origins.	in recent years, large-scale colony losses of honey bees (apis mellifera) have been reported and the infection with the microsporidia nosema ceranae has been involved. however, the effect of n. ceranae at the colony level and its role in colony losses vary in different geographic areas. this difference may be related to the presence of multiple n. ceranae genetic variants resulting in different biological consequences. in this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity of 75 n. ceranae samples obt ...	2017	27837253
transfer of nitroimidazoles from contaminated beeswax to honey.	nitroimidazoles are not authorised for the treatment of honey bees in the european union. however, they can be found in honey largely because they are illegally used in apiculture for the treatment of nosema. the aim of the study was to examine the possible transfer of nitroimidazoles (metronidazole, ronidazole, dimetridazole and ipronidazole) from contaminated beeswax to honey. the wax foundations fortified with a mixture of four nitroimidazoles at three concentration levels (1000, 10,000 and 1 ...	2017	27838954
binary mixtures of neonicotinoids show different transcriptional changes than single neonicotinoids in honeybees (apis mellifera).	among the many factors responsible for the decline of bee populations are plant protection products such as neonicotinoids. in general, bees are exposed to not only one but mixtures of such chemicals. at environmental realistic concentrations neonicotinoids may display negative effects on the immune system, foraging activity, learning and memory formation of bees. neonicotinoids induce alterations of gene transcripts such as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr) subunits, vitellogenin, genes ...	2017	27839993
safety of essential bee venom pharmacopuncture as assessed in a randomized controlled double-blind trial.	while bee venom (bv) pharmacopuncture use is common in asia, frequent occurrence of allergic reactions during the treatment process is burdensome for both practitioner and patient.	2016	27840257
the metabolic fate of nectar nicotine in worker honey bees.	honey bees (apis mellifera) are generalist pollinators that forage for nectar and pollen of a very large variety of plant species, exposing them to a diverse range of secondary metabolites produced as chemical defences against herbivory. honey bees can tolerate high levels of many of these toxic compounds, including the alkaloid nicotine, in their diet without incurring apparent fitness costs. very little is known about the underlying detoxification processes mediating this tolerance. we examine ...	2017	27840286
flower-visiting butterflies avoid predatory stimuli and larger resident butterflies: testing in a butterfly pavilion.	the flower-visiting behaviors of pollinator species are affected not only by flower traits but also by cues of predators and resident pollinators. there is extensive research into the effects of predator cues and resident pollinators on the flower-visiting behaviors of bee pollinators. however, there is relatively little research into their effects on butterfly pollinators probably because of the difficulty in observing a large number of butterfly pollination events. we conducted a dual choice e ...	2016	27846252
comparative toxicity of pesticides and environmental contaminants in bees: are honey bees a useful proxy for wild bee species?	threats to wild and managed insect pollinators in europe are cause for both ecological and socio-economic concern. multiple anthropogenic pressures may be exacerbating pollinator declines. one key pressure is exposure to chemicals including pesticides and other contaminants. historically the honey bee (apis mellifera spp.) has been used as an 'indicator' species for 'standard' ecotoxicological testing but it has been suggested that it is not always a good proxy for other types of eusocial and so ...	2017	27847190
synaptic organization of microglomerular clusters in the lateral and medial bulbs of the honeybee brain.	the honeybee apis mellifera is an established model for the study of visual orientation. yet, research on this topic has focused on behavioral aspects and has neglected the investigation of the underlying neural architectures in the bee brain. in other insects, the anterior optic tubercle (aotu), the lateral (lx) and the central complex (cx) are important brain regions for visuospatial performances. in the central brain of the honeybee, a prominent group of neurons connecting the aotu with consp ...	2016	27847468
floral scent mimicry and vector-pathogen associations in a pseudoflower-inducing plant pathogen system.	several fungal plant pathogens induce 'pseudoflowers' on their hosts to facilitate insect-mediated transmission of gametes and spores. when spores must be transmitted to host flowers to complete the fungal life cycle, we predict that pseudoflowers should evolve traits that mimic flowers and attract the most effective vectors in the flower-visiting community. we quantified insect visitation to flowers, healthy leaves and leaves infected with monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi (mvc), the causative agent ...	2016	27851747
whole-genome sequence analysis of bombella intestini lmg 28161t, a novel acetic acid bacterium isolated from the crop of a red-tailed bumble bee, bombus lapidarius.	the whole-genome sequence of bombella intestini lmg 28161t, an endosymbiotic acetic acid bacterium (aab) occurring in bumble bees, was determined to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying its metabolic capabilities. the draft genome sequence of b. intestini lmg 28161t was 2.02 mb. metabolic carbohydrate pathways were in agreement with the metabolite analyses of fermentation experiments and revealed its oxidative capacity towards sucrose, d-glucose, d-fructose and d-mannitol, but not eth ...	2016	27851750
differential gene expression in varroa jacobsoni mites following a host shift to european honey bees (apis mellifera).	varroa mites are widely considered the biggest honey bee health problem worldwide. until recently, varroa jacobsoni has been found to live and reproduce only in asian honey bee (apis cerana) colonies, while v. destructor successfully reproduces in both a. cerana and a. mellifera colonies. however, we have identified an island population of v. jacobsoni that is highly destructive to a. mellifera, the primary species used for pollination and honey production. the ability of these populations of mi ...	2016	27852222
migratory bee hive transportation contributes insignificantly to transgenic pollen movement between spatially isolated alfalfa seed fields.	contracted commercial beekeeping operations provide an essential pollination service to many agricultural systems worldwide. increased use of genetically engineered crops in agriculture has raised concerns over pollinator-mediated gene flow between transgenic and conventional agricultural varieties. this study evaluated whether contracted migratory beekeeping practices influence transgenic pollen flow among spatially isolated alfalfa fields. twelve honey bee (apis mellifera l.) colonies were per ...	2016	27852693
the defensive response of the honeybee apis mellifera.	honeybees (apis mellifera) are insects living in colonies with a complex social organization. their nest contains food stores in the form of honey and pollen, as well as the brood, the queen and the bees themselves. these resources have to be defended against a wide range of predators and parasites, a task that is performed by specialized workers, called guard bees. guards tune their response to both the nature of the threat and the environmental conditions, in order to achieve an efficient trad ...	2016	27852760
transcriptomic analysis of instinctive and learned reward-related behaviors in honey bees.	we used transcriptomics to compare instinctive and learned, reward-based honey bee behaviors with similar spatio-temporal components: mating flights by males (drones) and time-trained foraging flights by females (workers), respectively. genome-wide gene expression profiling via rna sequencing was performed on the mushroom bodies, a region of the brain known for multi-modal sensory integration and responsive to various types of reward. differentially expressed genes (degs) associated with the ons ...	2016	27852762
attention-like processes in insects.	attention is fundamentally important for sensory systems to focus on behaviourally relevant stimuli. it has therefore been an important field of study in human psychology and neuroscience. primates, however, are not the only animals that might benefit from attention-like processes. other animals, including insects, also have to use their senses and select one among many stimuli to forage, avoid predators and find mates. they have evolved different mechanisms to reduce the information processed b ...	2016	27852803
honey bee deformed wing virus structures reveal that conformational changes accompany genome release.	the picornavirus-like deformed wing virus (dwv) has been directly linked to colony collapse; however, little is known about the mechanisms of host attachment or entry for dwv or its molecular and structural details. here we report the three-dimensional (3-d) structures of dwv capsids isolated from infected honey bees, including the immature procapsid, the genome-filled virion, the putative entry intermediate (a-particle), and the empty capsid that remains after genome release. the capsids are de ...	2017	27852845
acute ischemic stroke and severe multiorgan dysfunction due to multiple bee stings.	various manifestations after bee sting have been described. local reactions, such as pain, wheal, flare, edema and swelling, are common and generally self-limiting. uncommonly manifestations like vomiting, diarrhea, dyspnea, generalized edema, acute renal failure, anaphylactic shock, myocardial infarction, hypotension, collapse, pulmonary hemorrhage, acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis, and atrial fibrillation may occur. we report a 59 year-old man who sustained ischemic stroke and multi-organ dysfun ...	2016	27857993
establishing very long-chain fatty alcohol and wax ester biosynthesis in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	wax esters (wes) are neutral lipids and can be used for a broad range of commercial applications, including personal care products, lubricants, or coatings. they are synthesized by enzymatic reactions catalyzed by a fatty acyl reductase (far) and a wax ester synthase (ws). at present, commercially used wes are mainly isolated from simmondsia chinensis (jojoba), but the high extraction costs and limited harvest areas constrain their use. the use of fars in combination with different wss to achiev ...	2017	27858995
farmland biodiversity and agricultural management on 237 farms in 13 european and two african regions.	farmland is a major land cover type in europe and africa and provides habitat for numerous species. the severe decline in farmland biodiversity of the last decades has been attributed to changes in farming practices, and organic and low-input farming are assumed to mitigate detrimental effects of agricultural intensification on biodiversity. since the farm enterprise is the primary unit of agricultural decision making, management-related effects at the field scale need to be assessed at the farm ...	2016	27859220
comparative reproductive biology and pollinator specificity among sympatric gomesa (orchidaceae: oncidiinae).	the incredible pollination mechanisms displayed by orchid flowers has inspired biologists over the centuries. based on the intriguing flower structures, the relationship among orchid species and their pollinators has been frequently regarded as very specialised. given that visits on flowers pollinated by oil-collecting bees are regularly rare, and in oncidiinae the flowers frequently attractexclusively species that act as effective pollinators, the comparative reproductive biology and pollinator ...	2017	27860055
direct benefits and indirect costs of warm temperatures for high-elevation populations of a solitary bee.	warm temperatures are required for insect flight. consequently, warming could benefit many high-latitude and high-altitude insects by increasing opportunities for foraging or oviposition. however, warming can also alter species interactions, including interactions with natural enemies, making the net effect of rising temperatures on population growth rate difficult to predict. we investigated the temperature-dependence of nesting activity and lifetime reproductive output over 3 yr in subalpine p ...	2017	27861777
caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape) revisited: covalent modulation of xpo1/crm1 activities and implication for its mechanism of action.	caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape) is the bioactive constituent of propolis from honeybee hives and is well known for its anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. herein, we revisited the cellular mechanism underlying the diverse biological effects of cape. we demonstrated that xpo1/crm1, a major nuclear export receptor, is a cellular target of cape. through nuclear export functional assay, we observed a clear shift of xpo1 cargo proteins from a cytopla ...	2016	27863053
snps selected by information content outperform randomly selected microsatellite loci for delineating genetic identification and introgression in the endangered dark european honeybee (apis mellifera mellifera).	the honeybee (apis mellifera) has been threatened by multiple factors including pests and pathogens, pesticides and loss of locally adapted gene complexes due to replacement and introgression. in western europe, the genetic integrity of the native a. m. mellifera (m-lineage) is endangered due to trading and intensive queen breeding with commercial subspecies of eastern european ancestry (c-lineage). effective conservation actions require reliable molecular tools to identify pure-bred a. m. melli ...	2016	27863055
biochemical and histological biomarkers in the midgut of apis mellifera from polluted environment at beheira governorate, egypt.	the aim of this study was to analyze the impact of organophosphorus (op) pollutants on oxidative stress and ultrastructural biomarkers in the midgut of the honeybee apis mellifera collected from three locations that differ in their extent of spraying load with op insecticides: a weakly anthropised rural site, bolin which is considered as a reference site; moderately spraying site, el kaza; and a strongly anthropised urban site, tiba with a long history of pesticide use. results showed that high ...	2017	27864738
"hummingbird" floral traits interact synergistically to discourage visitation by bumble bee foragers.	pollination syndromes are suites of floral traits presumed to reflect adaptations to attract and utilize a "primary" type of animal pollinator. however, syndrome traits may also function to deter "secondary" flower visitors that reduce plant fitness through their foraging activities. here we use the hummingbird-pollinated plant species mimulus cardinalis as a model to investigate the potential deterrent effects of classic bird syndrome traits on bumble bee foragers. to establish that m. cardinal ...	2017	27864943
social regulation of ageing by young workers in the honey bee, apis mellifera.	organisms' lifespans are modulated by both genetic and environmental factors. the lifespan of eusocial insects is determined by features of the division of labor, which itself is influenced by social regulatory mechanisms. in the honey bee, apis mellifera, the presence of brood and of old workers carrying out foraging tasks are important social drivers of ageing, but the influence of young adult workers is unknown, as it has not been experimentally teased apart from that of brood. in this study, ...	2017	27865886
investigating the impacts of field-realistic exposure to a neonicotinoid pesticide on bumblebee foraging, homing ability and colony growth.	the ability to forage and return home is essential to the success of bees as both foragers and pollinators. pesticide exposure may cause behavioural changes that interfere with these processes, with consequences for colony persistence and delivery of pollination services.we investigated the impact of chronic exposure (5-43 days) to field-realistic levels of a neonicotinoid insecticide (2·4 ppb thiamethoxam) on foraging ability, homing success and colony size using radio frequency identification ...	2016	27867216
high-throughput monitoring of wild bee diversity and abundance via mitogenomics.	bee populations and other pollinators face multiple, synergistically acting threats, which have led to population declines, loss of local species richness and pollination services, and extinctions. however, our understanding of the degree, distribution and causes of declines is patchy, in part due to inadequate monitoring systems, with the challenge of taxonomic identification posing a major logistical barrier. pollinator conservation would benefit from a high-throughput identification pipeline. ...	2015	27867467
modified differential evolution algorithm with onlooker bee operator for mixed discrete-continuous optimization.	for solving non-linear programming problems containing discrete and continuous variables, this article suggests two modified algorithms based on differential evolution (de). the two proposed algorithms incorporate a novel random search strategy into de/best/1 and de/cur-to-best/1 respectively. inspired by the artificial bee colony algorithm, the random search strategy overcomes the searching unbalance of de/best/1 and de/cur-to-best/1 by enhancing the global exploration capability of promising i ...	2016	27867821
measuring partner choice in plant-pollinator networks: using null models to separate rewiring and fidelity from chance.	recent studies of mutualistic networks show that interactions between partners change across years. both biological mechanisms and chance could drive these patterns, but the relative importance of these factors has not been separated. we established a field experiment consisting of 102 monospecific plots of 17 native plant species, from which we collected 6713 specimens of 52 bee species over four years. we used these data and a null model to determine whether bee species' foraging choices varie ...	2016	27870034
herbivore-induced dna demethylation changes floral signalling and attractiveness to pollinators in brassica rapa.	plants have to fine-tune their signals to optimise the trade-off between herbivore deterrence and pollinator attraction. an important mechanism in mediating plant-insect interactions is the regulation of gene expression via dna methylation. however, the effect of herbivore-induced dna methylation changes on pollinator-relevant plant signalling has not been systematically investigated. here, we assessed the impact of foliar herbivory on dna methylation and floral traits in the model crop plant br ...	2016	27870873
on the effects of artificial feeding on bee colony dynamics: a mathematical model.	this paper proposes a new mathematical model to evaluate the effects of artificial feeding on bee colony population dynamics. the proposed model is based on a classical framework and contains differential equations that describe the changes in the number of hive bees, forager bees, and brood cells, as a function of amounts of natural and artificial food. the model includes the following elements to characterize the artificial feeding scenario: a function to model the preference of the bees for n ...	2016	27875589
a review of ecosystem service benefits from wild bees across social contexts.	in order to understand the role of wild bees in both social and ecological systems, we conducted a quantitative and qualitative review of publications dealing with wild bees and the benefits they provide in social contexts. we classified publications according to several attributes such as services and benefits derived from wild bees, types of bee-human interactions, recipients of direct benefits, social contexts where wild bees are found, and sources of changes to the bee-human system. we found ...	2017	27878448
preparation and characterization of bee venom-loaded plga particles for sustained release.	bee venom-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (plga) particles were prepared by double emulsion-solvent evaporation, and characterized for a sustained-release system. factors such as the type of organic solvent, the amount of bee venom and plga, the type of plga, the type of polyvinyl alcohol, and the emulsification method were considered. physicochemical properties, including the encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, particle size, zeta-potential and surface morphology were examined by fouri ...	2016	27881046
experimental evidence that honeybees depress wild insect densities in a flowering crop.	while addition of managed honeybees (apis mellifera) improves pollination of many entomophilous crops, it is unknown if it simultaneously suppresses the densities of wild insects through competition. to investigate this, we added 624 honeybee hives to 23 fields of oilseed rape (brassica napus l.) over 2 years and made sure that the areas around 21 other fields were free from honeybee hives. we demonstrate that honeybee addition depresses the densities of wild insects (bumblebees, solitary bees, ...	2016	27881750
monofloral honeys by sicilian black honeybee (apis mellifera ssp. sicula) have high reducing power and antioxidant capacity.	thirty samples from thirteen sicilian monofloral honeys by the local black honeybee, and two honeydew honeys, were studied to assess phenol content, reducing power and antioxidant capacity as well as correlations among these parameters. honeys from apiaceae showed the highest phenol amount and capacity to reduce ferric ion and stable chemical radicals, whereas honeys from leguminosae the lowest. all honeys were active against myoglobin-derived radicals usually formed in red meat after storage an ...	2016	27882358
bumble bee parasite strains vary in resistance to phytochemicals.	nectar and pollen contain diverse phytochemicals that can reduce disease in pollinators. however, prior studies showed variable effects of nectar chemicals on infection, which could reflect variable phytochemical resistance among parasite strains. inter-strain variation in resistance could influence evolutionary interactions between plants, pollinators, and pollinator disease, but testing direct effects of phytochemicals on parasites requires elimination of variation between bees. using cell cul ...	2016	27883009
two novel viruses associated with the apis mellifera pathogenic mite varroa destructor.	varroa destructor infestation of apis mellifera colonies carries and/or promotes replication of honey bee viruses like the deformed wing virus, the varroa destructor virus-1, the acute bee paralysis virus, the israeli acute bee paralysis virus and the kashmir bee virus that have been well described and characterized; but viruses exclusively associated with varroa were not found. to look for viruses that may associate with- or infect v. destructor we performed deep sequencing (rna-seq) of rna ext ...	2016	27883042
the microrna toolkit of insects.	is there a correlation between mirna diversity and levels of organismic complexity? exhibiting extraordinary levels of morphological and developmental complexity, insects are the most diverse animal class on earth. their evolutionary success was in particular shaped by the innovation of holometabolan metamorphosis in endopterygotes. previously, mirna evolution had been linked to morphological complexity, but astonishing variation in the currently available mirna complements of insects made this ...	2016	27883064
a beekeeper's perspective on the neonicotinoid ban.	bees and agrochemicals have a long history. for example, the first volume of ibra's journal bee world in 1919 contains mention of poisoning of bees by spraying an orchard with lead arsenate. bees being insects, it is self-evident that the use of insecticides to control crop pests poses a risk to them. bee poisoning incidents became a very serious problem in the 1960s and 1970s with spraying of, in particular, oilseed rape with organophosphorus compounds. the introduction of carbamates and then e ...	2016	27885794
multiresidue method for trace pesticide analysis in honeybee wax comb by gc-qqq-ms.	the aim of this analytical study is to develop an improved multi-residue methodology of high sensitivity and expanded scope for pesticide residue analysis in honeybee wax combs. the method was validated for 160 pesticide residues (including acaricides, insecticides, fungicides and herbicides) gas chromatography amenable and covering a wide variety of polarity and chemical structure. this method of analysis applied gas chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for the quanti ...	2017	27886770
neonicotinoids and bees: the case of the european regulatory risk assessment.	neonicotinoid insecticides are systemic pesticides authorised in europe since 1991. from their introduction on the market, they have received significant attention from the scientific community, particularly regarding the assessment of lethal and sublethal effects on bees. the availability of scientific evidence alongside some concerns raised on the bee health led to the development of more articulate risk assessment methodologies for pesticides. to support the european commission in its decisio ...	2017	27887834
report on the microbiota of melipona quadrifasciata affected by a recurrent disease.	melipona quadrifasciata is an eusocial stingless bee traditionally used for honey production in brazil. in the last decades, the species disappeared from the wild in southern brazil, being kept exclusively in managed colonies for commercial and recreational purposes. stingless beekeepers from this region report annual losses of their colonies due to a syndrome of yet unknown causes. we investigate whether it is associated to pathogenic microorganisms already known to cause disease in bees. these ...	2017	27887862
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis: case report and review of the literature.	we describe a case of a 25-year-old male with a diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (adem) following infection with campylobacter jejuni, which is implicated in various human pathologies regarding the central nervous system (cns) with acute course like guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), miller-fisher syndrome (mfs), bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (bee), acute transverse myelitis (atm) as well as adem. these conditions are caused by cross-reactivity between campylobacter's epitope ...	2017	27888275
inhibitory effects of bee venom and its components against viruses in vitro and in vivo.	bee venom (bv) from honey bee (apis melifera l.) contains at least 18 pharmacologically active components including melittin (mlt), phospholipase a2 (pla2), and apamin etc. bv is safe for human treatments dose dependently and proven to possess different healing properties including antibacterial and antiparasitidal properties. nevertheless, antiviral properties of bv have not well investigated. hence, we identified the potential antiviral properties of bv and its component against a broad panel ...	2016	27888461
evaluation of baker's yeast in honey using a real-time pcr assay.	occasionally, melissopalynological analysis reveals the presence of baker's yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) in honey sediments. a field experiment reproducing a common spring bee feeding practice, using sugar paste containing baker's yeast, was performed to understand how s. cerevisiae are introduced into honey. apart from classical microscopy, a real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) system specific for s. cerevisiae was established for quantification of s. cerevisiae in honeys. results showed that ...	2017	27889160
a sedge plant as the source of kangaroo island propolis rich in prenylated p-coumarate ester and stilbenes.	propolis samples from kangaroo island, south australia, were investigated for chemical constituents using high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectral profiling. a type of propolis was found containing a high proportion of prenylated hydroxystilbenes. subsequently, the botanical origin of this type of propolis was identified using a beehive propolis depletion method and analysis of flora. ligurian honey bees, apis mellifera ligustica spinola, were found to produce propolis from resin exuded by ...	2017	27890584
beescout: a model of bee scouting behaviour and a software tool for characterizing nectar/pollen landscapes for beehave.	social bees are central place foragers collecting floral resources from the surrounding landscape, but little is known about the probability of a scouting bee finding a particular flower patch. we therefore developed a software tool, beescout, to theoretically examine how bees might explore a landscape and distribute their scouting activities over time and space. an image file can be imported, which is interpreted by the model as a "forage map" with certain colours representing certain crops or ...	2016	27890965
first phase i human clinical trial of a killed whole-hiv-1 vaccine: demonstration of its safety and enhancement of anti-hiv antibody responses.	vaccination with inactivated (killed) whole-virus particles has been used to prevent a wide range of viral diseases. however, for an hiv vaccine this approach has been largely negated due to inherent safety concerns, despite the ability of killed whole-virus vaccines to generate a strong, predominantly antibody-mediated immune response in vivo. hiv-1 clade b nl4-3 was genetically modified by deleting the nef and vpu genes and substituting the coding sequence for the env signal peptide with that ...	2016	27894306
genetic diversity of the dwarf honeybee (apis florea fabricius, 1787) populations based on microsatellite markers.	apis florea is one of two species of small, wild honeybee. the present study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity of apis florea honeybee from 48 nests (colonies) using microsatellite markers in the south of iran. all honeybee samples were analyzed for six microsatellite loci (a88, a107, a7, b124, a113 and a35). the six loci had different numbers of alleles in the sampled colonies ranging from 7 (loci a107) to 3 (loci a7, a35). gene diversity in apis florea ranged from 0.491 to 0.595. ...	2016	27894400
oral transfer of chemical cues, growth proteins and hormones in social insects.	social insects frequently engage in oral fluid exchange - trophallaxis - between adults, and between adults and larvae. although trophallaxis is widely considered a food-sharing mechanism, we hypothesized that endogenous components of this fluid might underlie a novel means of chemical communication between colony members. through protein and small-molecule mass spectrometry and rna sequencing, we found that trophallactic fluid in the ant camponotus floridanus contains a set of specific digestio ...	2016	27894417
activity-based targeting of secretory phospholipase a2 enzymes: a fatty-acid-binding-protein assisted approach.	syntheses and enzymological characterization of fluorogenic substrate probes targeting secretory phospholipase a2 (spla2) for detection and quantitative assays are presented. three fluorogenic phosphatidylcholine analogs pc-1, pc-2, and pc-3 each containing the duo of 7-mercapto-4-methyl-coumarin fluorophore and 2,4-dinitroanaline quencher on either tail were synthesized from (r)-3-amino-1,2-propanediol and r-(-)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol. these small reporter groups are advantageous ...	2017	27894770
is there nothing new under the sun? the influence of herbals and pharmacopoeias on ethnobotanical traditions in albacete (spain).	this paper has two overarching aims: (1) presenting the results of studying the albacete tariff of medicines of 1526 and (2) broadly analyzing the origin and influences of medicinal traditional knowledge in the region of albacete, spain. we use historical and modern literature that may have influenced this knowledge. our primary goal was to determine the ingredients used in the pharmacy in the 16th century ce in albacete through the analysis of the tariff, and our secondary goal was to investiga ...	2017	27894973
social signals and aversive learning in honey bee drones and workers.	the dissemination of information is a basic element of group cohesion. in honey bees (apis mellifera linnaeus 1758), like in other social insects, the principal method for colony-wide information exchange is communication via pheromones. this medium of communication allows multiple individuals to conduct tasks critical to colony survival. social signaling also establishes conflict at the level of the individual who must trade-off between attending to the immediate environment or the social deman ...	2017	27895050
assessing pollinators' use of floral resource subsidies in agri-environment schemes: an illustration using phacelia tanacetifolia and honeybees.	honeybees (apis mellifera l.) are frequently used in agriculture for pollination services because of their abundance, generalist floral preferences, ease of management and hive transport. however, their populations are declining in many countries. agri-environment schemes (aes) are being implemented in agricultural systems to combat the decline in populations of pollinators and other insects. despite aes being increasingly embedded in policy and budgets, scientific assessments of many of these s ...	2016	27896027
genetic structure and potential environmental determinants of local genetic diversity in japanese honeybees (apis cerana japonica).	declines in honeybee populations have been a recent concern. although causes of the declines remain unclear, environmental factors may be responsible. we focused on the potential environmental determinants of local populations of wild honeybees, apis cerana japonica, in japan. this subspecies has little genetic variation in terms of its mitochondrial dna sequences, and genetic variations at nuclear loci are as yet unknown. we estimated the genetic structure and environmental determinants of loca ...	2016	27898704
occupational asthma caused by inhalable royal jelly and its cross-reactivity with honeybee venom.		2016	27901009
microbiology of processed edible insect products - results of a preliminary survey.	little is known of the microbiology of processed insect products. the present survey analysed a total of n=38 samples of deep-fried and spiced (acheta domesticus, locusta migratoria, and omphisa fuscidentalis), cooked in soy sauce ("tsukudani"; oxya yezoensis, vespula flaviceps, and bombyx mori), dried (a. domesticus, l. migatoria, alphitobius diaperinus, tenebrio molitor, b. mori, hermetia illucens, and musca domestica), powdered (h. illucens, t. molitor) and other (incl. deep-frozen b. mori an ...	2017	27903420
neonicotinoid-induced impairment of odour coding in the honeybee.	exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides is considered one of the possible causes of honeybee (apis mellifera) population decline. at sublethal doses, these chemicals have been shown to negatively affect a number of behaviours, including performance of olfactory learning and memory, due to their interference with acetylcholine signalling in the mushroom bodies. here we provide evidence that neonicotinoids can affect odour coding upstream of the mushroom bodies, in the first odour processing centres ...	2016	27905515
levels of selected persistent organic pollutants (pcb, pbde) and pesticides in honey bee pollen sampled in poland.	chemical plant protection is a commonly discussed factor potentially responsible for decline in pollinators and other beneficial insect populations. various groups of chemicals including persistent organic pollutants could impact a bee colony's welfare and are reported to be present in bee tissue and apiary products. the aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of selected persistent organic pollutant and pesticide residues in bee pollen originating from different geographical regions of po ...	2016	27907097
rnai-mediated functional analysis of bursicon genes related to adult cuticle formation and tanning in the honeybee, apis mellifera.	bursicon is a heterodimeric neurohormone that acts through a g protein-coupled receptor named rickets (rk), thus inducing an increase in camp and the activation of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the cuticular tanning pathway. in insects, the role of bursicon in the post-ecdysial tanning of the adult cuticle and wing expansion is well characterized. here we investigated the roles of the genes encoding the bursicon subunits during the adult cuticle development in the honeybee, a ...	2016	27907116
stress response in honeybees is associated with changes in task-related physiology and energetic metabolism.	in a rapidly changing environment, honeybee colonies are increasingly exposed to diverse sources of stress (e.g., new parasites, pesticides, climate warming), which represent a challenge to individual and social homeostasis. however, bee physiological responses to stress remain poorly understood. we therefore exposed bees specialised in different tasks (nurses, guards and foragers) to ancient (immune and heat stress) or historically more recent sources of stress (pesticides), and we determined c ...	2017	27908721
contrasting patterns in solitary and eusocial bees while responding to landscape features in the brazilian cerrado: a multiscaled perspective.	landscape structure is an important determinant of biological fluxes and species composition, but species do not respond equally to landscape features or spatial extents. evaluating "multi-scale" responses of species to landscape structure is an important framework to be considered, allowing insights about habitat requirements for different groups. we evaluated the response of brazilian cerrado's bees (eusocial vs. solitary ones) to both the amount and isolation of remnant vegetation in eight ne ...	2016	27909951
the bees among us: modelling occupancy of solitary bees.	occupancy modelling has received increasing attention as a tool for differentiating between true absence and non-detection in biodiversity data. this is thought to be particularly useful when a species of interest is spread out over a large area and sampling is constrained. we used occupancy modelling to estimate the probability of three phylogenetically independent pairs of native-introduced species [megachile campanulae (robertson)-megachile rotundata (fab.), megachile pugnata say-megachile ce ...	2016	27911954
rush venom immunotherapy in children.	rush venom immunotherapy (vit) is highly effective in hymenoptera venom allergy. still, specific data regarding its safety and efficiency in children are rather sparse.	2016	27914814
modelling seasonal effects of temperature and precipitation on honey bee winter mortality in a temperate climate.	insect pollinators are essential to global food production. for this reason, it is alarming that honey bee (apis mellifera) populations across the world have recently seen increased rates of mortality. these changes in colony mortality are often ascribed to one or more factors including parasites, diseases, pesticides, nutrition, habitat dynamics, weather and/or climate. however, the effect of climate on colony mortality has never been demonstrated. therefore, in this study, we focus on longer-t ...	2017	27916302
gain and loss of floral scent production through changes in structural genes during pollinator-mediated speciation.	the interactions of plants with their pollinators are thought to be a driving force in the evolution of angiosperms. adaptation to a new pollinator involves coordinated changes in multiple floral traits controlled by multiple genes. surprisingly, such complex genetic shifts have happened numerous times during evolution. here we report on the genetic basis of the changes in one such trait, floral scent emission, in the genus petunia (solanaceae). the increase in the quantity and complexity of the ...	2016	27916524
positive and negative impacts of non-native bee species around the world.	though they are relatively understudied, non-native bees are ubiquitous and have enormous potential economic and environmental impacts. these impacts may be positive or negative, and are often unquantified. in this manuscript, i review literature on the known distribution and environmental and economic impacts of 80 species of introduced bees. the potential negative impacts of non-native bees include competition with native bees for nesting sites or floral resources, pollination of invasive weed ...	2016	27916802
multi-residue analysis of pesticide residues in crude pollens by uplc-ms/ms.	a multi-residue method for the determination of 54 pesticide residues in pollens has been developed and validated. the proposed method was applied to the analysis of 48 crude pollen samples collected from eight provinces of china. the recovery of analytes ranged from 60% to 136% with relative standard deviations (rsds) below 30%. of the 54 targeted compounds, 19 pesticides were detected. the major detection rates of each compound were 77.1% for carbendazim, 58.3% for fenpropathrin, 56.3% for chl ...	2016	27916955
disentangling urban habitat and matrix effects on wild bee species.	in face of a dramatic decline of wild bee species in many rural landscapes, potential conservation functions of urban areas gain importance. yet effects of urbanization on pollinators, and in particular on wild bees, remain ambiguous and not comprehensively understood. this is especially true for amenity grassland and extensively managed wastelands within large-scale residential housing areas. using berlin as a study region, we aimed to investigate (a) if these greenspaces are accepted by wild b ...	2016	27917318
acute kidney injury in asia.	acute kidney injury (aki) is a common disorder and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality worldwide. the diversity of the climate and of the socioeconomic and developmental status in asia has a great influence on the etiology and presentation of aki in different regions. in view of the international society of nephrology's 0by25 initiative, more and more attention has been paid to aki in asian countries.	2016	27921036
acute kidney injury in western countries.	acute kidney injury (aki) is frequent and is associated with poor outcomes, including increased mortality, higher risk of chronic kidney disease, and prolonged hospital lengths of stay. the epidemiology of aki mainly derives from studies performed in western high-income countries. more limited data are available from western low-income and middle-income countries (lmics) located in central and south america.	2016	27921037
biochemical response of the africanized honeybee exposed to fipronil.	bees are recognized worldwide for their social, economic, and environmental value. in recent decades they have been seriously threatened by diseases and high levels of pesticide use. the susceptibility of bees to insecticides makes them an important terrestrial model for assessing environmental quality, and various biomarkers have been developed for such assessments. the present study aimed to evaluate the activity of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (ache), carboxylesterase (cae), and glutathio ...	2016	27925273
an update on allergen immunotherapy.	allergen-specific immunotherapy (ait) has been used to treat allergic diseases for over a century. it is the only treatment that addresses immune dysfunction underlying allergic responses rather than simply treating symptoms or suppressing inflammation. its safety and efficacy in allergic rhinitis, asthma and insect allergy has been documented in a number of systematic reviews but its cost effectiveness is less clear. ait reduces symptoms and requirement for medication, while improving quality o ...	2016	27927826
cryo-electron microscopy study of the genome release of the dicistrovirus israeli acute bee paralysis virus.	viruses of the family dicistroviridae can cause substantial economic damage by infecting agriculturally important insects. israeli acute bee paralysis virus (iapv) causes honeybee colony collapse disorder in the united states. high-resolution molecular details of the genome delivery mechanism of dicistroviruses are unknown. here we present a cryo-electron microscopy analysis of iapv virions induced to release their genomes in vitro we determined structures of full iapv virions primed to release ...	2017	27928006
neuropharmacological manipulation of restrained and free-flying honey bees, apis mellifera.	honey bees demonstrate astonishing learning abilities and advanced social behavior and communication. in addition, their brain is small, easy to visualize and to study. therefore, bees have long been a favored model amongst neurobiologists and neuroethologists for studying the neural basis of social and natural behavior. it is important, however, that the experimental techniques used to study bees do not interfere with the behaviors being studied. because of this, it has been necessary to develo ...	2016	27929455
bee inspired novel optimization algorithm and mathematical model for effective and efficient route planning in railway system.	railway and metro transport systems (rs) are becoming one of the popular choices of transportation among people, especially those who live in urban cities. urbanization and increasing population due to rapid development of economy in many cities are leading to a bigger demand for urban rail transit. despite being a popular variant of traveling salesman problem (tsp), it appears that the universal formula or techniques to solve the problem are yet to be found. this paper aims to develop an optimi ...	2016	27930659
in vitro and in vivo anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of ebv, a newly developed derivative of bee venom, through modulation of irf3 signaling pathway in a carrageenan-induced edema model.	bee venom (bv), a type of toxin extracted from honeybees (apis mellifera), has been empirically and widely used to treat inflammatory diseases throughout asia. essential bv (ebv) was developed by removing phospholipase a2 (pla2) and histamine to lower occurrence of allergic reaction. this study investigated the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities of ebv in vitro and in vivo and its underlying mechanism of action.	2016	27930719
identification of beak and feather disease virus in an unusual novel host (merops ornatus) using nested pcr.	the complete genome sequence of beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) was discovered from a rainbow bee-eater (merops ornatus), a species of coraciiformes the genome consisted of 1,996 bp encoding two major bidirectional transcribed open reading frames. this is the first evidence of bfdv infection and complete genome characterization for this novel host species.	2016	27932660
spontaneous honeybee behaviour is altered by persistent organic pollutants.	the effect of environmental pollutants on honeybee behaviour has focused mainly on currently used pesticides. however, honeybees are also exposed to persistent organic pollutants (pops). the aim of this laboratory based study was to determine if exposure to sublethal field-relevant concentrations of pops altered the spontaneous behaviour of foraging-age worker honeybees. honeybees (apis mellifera) were orally exposed to either a sublethal concentration of the polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) mixtu ...	2017	27933553
bee communities along a prairie restoration chronosequence: similar abundance and diversity, distinct composition.	recognition of the importance of bee conservation has grown in response to declines of managed honey bees and some wild bee species. habitat loss has been implicated as a leading cause of declines, suggesting that ecological restoration is likely to play an increasing role in bee conservation efforts. in the midwestern united states, restoration of tallgrass prairie has traditionally targeted plant community objectives without explicit consideration for bees. however, restoration of prairie vege ...	2017	27935661
automated detection of cancer associated genes using a combined fuzzy-rough-set-based f-information and water swirl algorithm of human gene expression data.	this study describes a novel approach to reducing the challenges of highly nonlinear multiclass gene expression values for cancer diagnosis. to build a fruitful system for cancer diagnosis, in this study, we introduced two levels of gene selection such as filtering and embedding for selection of potential genes and the most relevant genes associated with cancer, respectively. the filter procedure was implemented by developing a fuzzy rough set (fr)-based method for redefining the criterion funct ...	2016	27936033