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stability of the regulatory t cell lineage in vivo.tissue maintenance and homeostasis can be achieved through the replacement of dying cells by differentiating precursors or self-renewal of terminally differentiated cells or relies heavily on cellular longevity in poorly regenerating tissues. regulatory t cells (t(reg) cells) represent an actively dividing cell population with critical function in suppression of lethal immune-mediated inflammation. the plasticity of t(reg) cells has been actively debated because it could factor importantly in pr ...201020929851
comparison of probabilistic and deterministic predictions of time to growth of listeria monocytogenes as affected by ph and temperature in food.stochastic models are useful for estimating the risk of foodborne illness and they can be integrated, besides other sources of variability, into microbial risk assessment. a stochastic approach to evaluate growth of two strains of listeria monocytogenes influenced by different factors affecting microbial growth (ph and storage temperature) was performed. an individual-based approach of growth through optical density measurements was used. from results obtained, histograms of the lag phase were g ...201020932086
viable but nonculturable state of foodborne pathogens in grapefruit juice: a study of laboratory.several foodborne human pathogens, when exposed to harsh conditions, enter viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state; however, still open is the question whether vbnc pathogens could be a risk for public health, because, potentially, they can resuscitate. moreover, cultural methods for food safety control were not able to detect vbnc forms of foodborne bacteria. particularly, it has not been established whether food chemophysical characteristics can induce vbnc state in contaminating pathogen bacter ...201020932087
synergistic effect of nisin and cone essential oil of metasequoia glyptostroboides miki ex hu against listeria monocytogenes in milk samples.this study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of nisin and cone essential oil of metasequoia glyptostroboides against listeria monocytogenes atcc 19116 inoculated in whole (8%), low (1%) and skim (no fat content) milks. essential oil at the concentrations of 2% and 5% revealed strong antilisterial effect against l. monocytogenes atcc 19116 in all categories of milks. nisin at the concentrations of 250 and 500 iu/ml displayed a remarkable antilisterial effect as compared to the control group. ...201020934478
stressosomes formed in bacillus subtilis from the rsbr protein of listeria monocytogenes allow σ(b) activation following exposure to either physical or nutritional stress.the general stress regulon of bacillus subtilis is controlled by σ(b), a transcription factor that is activated by physical or nutritional stress. in b. subtilis, each of these two stresses is communicated to the primary σ(b) regulators by distinct pathways. physical stress activation of σ(b) involves a large-molecular-mass (>10(6)-da) structure (stressosome) formed by one or more homologous proteins (rsbra, -b, -c, and -d) onto which the pathway's principal regulators are bound. the rsbr protei ...201020935101
investigation of the mechanisms by which listeria monocytogenes grows in porcine gallbladder bile.the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes is known to colonize the lumen of the gallbladder in infected mice and to grow rapidly in this environment (j. hardy et al., science 303:851-853, 2004). however, relatively little is known about the mechanisms utilized by the pathogen to survive and grow in this location. we utilized gallbladder bile (gb bile) isolated directly from porcine gallbladders as an ex vivo model of gallbladder growth. we demonstrate that gb bile is generally nontoxic for ...201020937762
angiotensin-converting enzyme overexpression in mouse myelomonocytic cells augments resistance to listeria and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.gene targeting in es cells was used to substitute control of angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) expression from the endogenous promoter to the mouse c-fms promoter. the result is an animal model called ace 10/10 in which ace is overexpressed by monocytes, macrophages, and other myelomonocytic lineage cells. to study the immune response of these mice to bacterial infection, we challenged them with listeria monocytogenes or methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). ace 10/10 mice have a ...201020937811
evaluation of an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay for the detection of listeria monocytogenes from food.the vidas listeria monocytogenes ii (lmo2) method, which is an automated enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay (elfa), was used for rapidly, specifically and sensitively detecting l. monocytogenes in food samples. all 31 l. monocytogenes strains examined gave positive results. the other bacterial species except salmonella showed completely negative results, but it was suspected that salmonella spp. had given a false-positive reaction to the assay. as the detectable limit of the assay was 10⁶ cfu ...201020938093
anti-listerial compounds from asari radix.asari radix, the roots of asarum heterotropoides f. maekawa var. manshuricum f. maekawa or a. sieboldii f. maekawa, has traditionally been used for the treatment of various infectious diseases. since its meoh extract inhibited the growth of listeria monocytogenes in a preliminary test, the aim of this study was to isolate and identify the anti-listerial compounds from the plant. activity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of seven compounds 1-7 from the meoh extract, and their chemical st ...201020945132
incidence and characteristics of staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes from the japan and south china seas.the distribution of staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes in the sea water and marine organisms of peter the great and nha trang bays, the phenotypic properties and antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates were studied. s. aureus was recorded from 9.3% samples in the sea of japan and from 20.4% samples in the south china sea, l. monocytogenes respectively from 5.9 % and 5.8 % samples. s. aureus and l. monocytogenes found in the tropics differed in their phenotypic properties from those ...201020947102
rapid multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis of shigella spp. using multicolour capillary electrophoresis.the multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis (mlva) method for genotyping has proven to be a fast and reliable typing tool in several bacterial species. mlva is in our laboratory the routine typing method for salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, escherichia coli (two assays), listeria monocytogenes and yersinia enterocolitica. the gram-negative invasive enteropathogenic bacterium shigella is the most common cause of bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) worldwide, a ...201020951171
synthetic nanoparticle vaccines produced by layer-by-layer assembly of artificial biofilms induce potent protective t-cell and antibody responses in vivo.nanoparticle vaccines induce potent immune responses in the absence of conventional adjuvant due to the recognition by immune cells of the particle structures, which mimic natural pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. nanoparticle vaccines were fabricated by constructing artificial biofilms using layer-by-layer (lbl) deposition of oppositely charged polypeptides and target designed peptides on caco(3) cores. lbl nanoparticles were efficiently internalized by dendritic cells in vitro by a mecha ...201020951665
immunohematopoietic modulation by oral β-1,3-glucan in mice infected with listeria monocytogenes.in this study we demonstrated that the oral administration of β-1,3-glucan (imunoglucan®) protects mice from a lethal dose of listeria monocytogenes (lm) when administered prophylactically for 10 days at the doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg, with survival rates up to 40%. these doses also prevented the myelosuppression and the splenomegaly caused by a sublethal infection with lm, due to increased numbers of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (cfu-gm) in the bone marrow. investigation of the production ...201020951668
probiotic properties of lactobacillus strains isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants and taiwanese pickled cabbage.this study assessed potential probiotic lactobacillus strains isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants and from taiwanese pickled cabbage for their possible use in probiotic fermented foods by evaluating their (i) in vitro adhesive ability, resistance to biotic stress, resistance to pathogenic bacteria, and production of β-galactosidase; (ii) milk technological properties; and (iii) in vivo adhesive ability, intestinal survival and microbial changes during and after treatment. five lactobac ...201020951815
occurrence of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods from supermarkets in southern italy.the study provides data on the prevalence of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (rte) foods from supermarkets in southern italy. the pathogen was detected in 105/1045 (10%) rte food samples. in particular, it was highlighted in 4/392 (1%) pastries, 23/112 (20.5%) vacuum-packaged sliced salami samples, 2/108 (1.9%) cream cheese samples, 31/115 (27%) mayonnaise based deli salads and 45/132 (34.1%) smoked salmon samples. the mozzarella samples were l. monocytogenes negative. given the considera ...201020954443
fermentation metabolites from lactobacillus gasseri and propionibacterium freudenreichii exert bacteriocidal effects in mice.lactobacillus gasseri oll 2716 promotes the elimination of helicobacter pylori and is utilized in yogurts that are specifically labeled as health foods. on the other hand, milk whey fermented by propionibacterium freudenreichii et-3, which increases the numbers of bifidobacterium, is effective for intestinal disorders. we previously demonstrated that oral administration of l. gasseri and p. freudenreichii fermentation metabolites (lp-fm) improved calf intestinal microflora and reduced the incide ...201020954806
deciphering the intracellular metabolism of listeria monocytogenes by mutant screening and modelling.the human pathogen listeria monocytogenes resides and proliferates within the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. while the virulence factors essentially contributing to this step of the infection cycle are well characterized, the set of listerial genes contributing to intracellular replication remains to be defined on a genome-wide level.201020955543
il-17a-producing gammadeltat cells promote ctl responses against listeria monocytogenes infection by enhancing dendritic cell cross-presentation.interleukin-17a-producing t cells, especially th17, have been shown to be involved in inflammatory autoimmune diseases and host defense against extracellular infections. however, whether and how il-17a or il-17a-producing cells can help protection against intracellular bacteria remains controversial, especially how it regulates the adaptive immunity besides recruitment of neutrophils in the innate immune system. by infecting il-17a-deficient mice with listeria monocytogenes, we show in this stud ...201020956351
heat shock factor 1 protects mice from rapid death during listeria monocytogenes infection by regulating expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha during fever.heat shock factor 1 (hsf1) is a stress-induced transcription factor that promotes expression of genes that protect mammalian cells from the lethal effects of severely elevated temperatures (>42°c). however, we recently showed that hsf1 is activated at a lower temperature (39.5°c) in t cells, suggesting that hsf1 may be important for preserving t cell function during pathogen-induced fever responses. to test this, we examined the role of hsf1 in clearance of listeria monocytogenes, an intracellul ...201020956571
murine fetoplacental infection models. 201020956576
platelet factor 4 binds to bacteria-inducing antibodies cross-reacting with the major antigen in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.a clinically important adverse drug reaction, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (hit), is induced by antibodies specific for complexes of the chemokine platelet factor 4 (pf4) and the polyanion heparin. even heparin-naive patients can generate anti-pf4/heparin igg as early as day 4 of heparin treatment, suggesting preimmunization by antigens mimicking pf4/heparin complexes. these antibodies probably result from bacterial infections, as (1) pf4 bound charge-dependently to various bacteria, (2) hum ...201020959601
[listeriosis in non-hodgkin's lymphoma following outpatient r-chop therapy].non-hodgkin's lymphoma, a hematolymphoid malignancy, puts subjects at risk for complete infection. a 65-year-old man with non-hodgkin's lymphoma stage iv had undergone 5 r-chop courses in may 2008. six days later, he was hospitalized for a high fever for which he was initially administered cefepime. when blood culture was positive for listeria monocytogenes, he was administered ampicillin. his medical interview indicated that he had gone hunting and dressed wild animal meat at his mountain retre ...201020960941
listeria monocytogenes induces t cell receptor unresponsiveness through pore-forming toxin listeriolysin o.the success of many pathogens relies on their ability to circumvent the innate and adaptive immune defenses. how bacterial pathogens subvert adaptive immune defenses is not clear. cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (cdcs) represent an expansive family of homologous pore-forming toxins that are produced by more than 20 gram-positive bacterial species. listeriolysin o (llo), a prototype cdc, is the main virulence factor of listeria monocytogenes.201020961225
growth of listeria monocytogenes on a rte-meat matrix enhances cell invasiveness to mouse j774a.1 macrophages.it remains unclear whether the growth of listeria monocytogenes on a ready-to-eat (rte) meat matrix has an impact on the bacterium's pathogenic abilities. in this study, we investigated the impact of environments on virulence by growing l. monocytogenes (f2365 strain) on brain heart infusion agar (bhi), tryptic soy agar (tsa), and rte turkey meat matrices. bacteria cultured from these media were harvested and used to infect mouse macrophage cell line j774a.1 with different mois to examine their ...201020965600
neonatal listeriosis: a case report from sub-himalayas.perinatal listerial infection is the most common clinical syndrome caused by listeria monocytogenes and includes abortion, still birth, neonatal sepsis, and meningitis. reports of listeriosis from india are limited. sub himalayan . we report a case of neonatal listeriosis from himachal pradesh. a two-day-old full term male baby was referred from a peripheral hospital with fever listlessness, skin rash and non-acceptance of feed. ceftriaxone was already started as an empirical therapy. listeria m ...201020966576
mode of action of plantaricin mg, a bacteriocin active against salmonella typhimurium.plantaricin mg is a 2,180-da bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus plantarum klds1.0391, which was isolated from chinese traditional fermented cream. plantaricin mg showed a broad inhibitory activity against not only gram-positive bacteria but also gram-negative bacteria including listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium. the mode of action of plantaricin mg on s. typhimurium was reported in this article. the addition of plantaricin mg to energized cells of s. typhimurium dissipated bot ...201020967788
genetic characterization of plasmid-associated benzalkonium chloride resistance determinants in a listeria monocytogenes strain from the 1998-1999 outbreak.quaternary ammonium compounds such as benzalkonium chloride (bc) are widely used as disinfectants in both food processing and medical environments. bc-resistant strains of listeria monocytogenes have been implicated in multistate outbreaks of listeriosis and have been frequently isolated from food processing plants. however, the genetic basis for bc resistance in l. monocytogenes remains poorly understood. in this study, we have characterized a plasmid (plm80)-associated bc resistance cassette i ...201020971860
tcr revision generates functional cd4+ t cells.cd4(+)vβ5(+) peripheral t cells in c57bl/6 mice respond to encounter with a peripherally expressed endogenous superantigen by undergoing either deletion or tcr revision. in this latter process, cells lose surface vβ5 expression and undergo rag-dependent rearrangement of endogenous tcrβ genes, driving surface expression of novel tcrs. although postrevision cd4(+)vβ5(-)tcrβ(+) t cells accumulate with age in vβ5 transgenic mice and bear a diverse tcr vβ repertoire, it is unknown whether they respon ...201020971922
mycobacterium ulcerans triggers t-cell immunity followed by local and regional but not systemic immunosuppression.buruli ulcer is a neglected infectious disease caused by mycobacterium ulcerans and is characterized by necrotic cutaneous lesions induced by the exotoxin mycolactone. despite evidence of th1-mediated protective immunity, m. ulcerans infection has been associated with systemic immunosuppression. we show that early during mouse infection with either mycolactone-positive or negative strains, pathogen-specific gamma interferon (ifn-γ)-producing t cells developed in the draining lymph node (dln). cd ...201020974825
a modeled structure for amidase-03 from bacillus anthracis.homology models of amidase-03 from bacillus anthracis were constructed using modeller (9v2). modeller constructs protein models using an automated approach for comparative protein structure modeling by the satisfaction of spatial restraints. a template structure of listeria monocytogenes bacteriophage psa endolysin plypsa (pdb id: 1xov) was selected from protein databank (pdb) using blastp with blosum62 sequence alignment scoring matrix. we generated five models using the modeller default routin ...200920975917
exploitation of the ubiquitin system by invading bacteria.a variety of bacterial intracellular pathogens target the host cell ubiquitin system during invasion, a process that involves transient but fundamental changes in the actin cytoskeleton and plasma membrane. these changes are induced by bacterial proteins, which can be surface associated, secreted or injected directly into the host cell. here, the invasion strategies of two extensively studied intracellular bacteria, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes, are used to ...201020977569
construction and characterization of enterococcus faecalis cg110/gfp/pre25*, a tool for monitoring horizontal gene transfer in complex microbial ecosystems.enterococci are among the most notorious bacteria involved in the spread of antibiotic resistance (abr) determinants via horizontal gene transfer, a process that leads to increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. in complex microbial communities with a high background of abr genes, detection of gene transfer is possible only when the abr determinant is marked. therefore, the conjugative multiresistance plasmid pre25, originating from a sausage-associated enterococcus faecalis, was t ...201021029153
carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-1 regulates granulopoiesis by inhibition of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor.although carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-1 (ceacam1) is an activation marker for neutrophils and delays neutrophil apoptosis, the role of ceacam1 in granulopoiesis and neutrophil-dependent host immune responses has not been investigated. ceacam1 expression correlated with granulocytic differentiation, and ceacam1(-/-) mice developed neutrophilia because of loss of the src-homology-phosphatase-1 (shp-1)-dependent inhibition of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor ...201021029969
the cell envelope stress response mediated by the liafsrlm three-component system of listeria monocytogenes is controlled via the phosphatase activity of the bifunctional histidine kinase liaslm.most members of the phylum firmicutes harbour a two-component system (tcs), liasr, which is involved in the response to cell envelope stress elicited most notably by inhibitors of the lipid ii cycle. in all liasr systems studied in detail, liasr-mediated signal transduction has been shown to be negatively controlled by a membrane protein, liaf, encoded upstream of liasr. in this study we have analysed the liasr orthologue of listeria monocytogenes (liasr(lm)). whole-genome transcriptional profil ...201021030435
label-free identification of bacterial microcolonies via elastic scattering.label-free microcolony identification via elastic light scattering was investigated for three different genera: salmonella enterica serovar montevideo, listeria monocytogenes f4244, and escherichia coli dh5α. microcolonies were defined as bacterial colonies in their late-lag phase to early-exponential phase with the diameter range of 100-200 µm. to link biophysical characteristics with corresponding scattering patterns, a phase contrast microscope and a confocal displacement meter were used to m ...201021031358
a single immunization near birth elicits immediate and lifelong protective immunity.most existing vaccines do not induce protective immunity immediately following birth, nor do they retain protective efficacy in the latter years of life without booster doses. using a mouse model, we present evidence that a live-replicating vaccine administered only once shortly after birth was able to induce both immediate and lifelong protection. newborn mice immunized with a safe, highly attenuated strain of listeria monocytogenes (lm) were already protected by day 7 post-vaccination when cha ...201021034825
growth potential of listeria monocytogenes strains in mixed ready-to-eat salads.in this study, a microbiological challenge test in three artificially contaminated retail mixed mayonnaise-based ready-to-eat salads stored at refrigerator temperatures (3°c and 7°c) for 48h was carried out. shrimp-tomato salad, smoked ham salad and garlic cheese salad were separately contaminated by a suspension of particular listeria monocytogenes strains. the number of l. monocytogenes, enterobacteriaceae, staphylococci and total plate count (cfu/g) was determined. listeria monocytogenes grow ...201021035222
validation of a stochastic modelling approach for listeria monocytogenes growth in refrigerated foods.a stochastic modelling approach was developed to describe the distribution of listeria monocytogenes contamination in foods throughout their shelf life. this model was designed to include the main sources of variability leading to a scattering of natural contaminations observed in food portions: the variability of the initial contamination, the variability of the biological parameters such as cardinal values and growth parameters, the variability of individual cell behaviours, the variability of ...201021035224
counting bacteria on a microfluidic chip.this paper reports a lab-on-a-chip device that counts the number of bacteria flowing through a microchannel. the bacteria number counting is realized by a microfluidic differential resistive pulse sensor (rps). by using a single microfluidic channel with two detecting arm channels placed at the two ends of the sensing section, the microfluidic differential rps can achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio. this method is applied to detect and count bacteria in aqueous solution. the detected rps signa ...201021035606
occurrence of foodborne pathogens and characterization of staphylococcus aureus in cheese produced on farm-dairies.the objective of this study was to address knowledge gaps identified in an earlier risk assessment of staphylococcus aureus and raw milk cheese. a survey of fresh and short-time ripened cheeses produced on farm-dairies in sweden was conducted to investigate the occurrence and levels of s. aureus, listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli, to characterize s. aureus isolates with special emphasis on enterotoxin genes, antibiotic resistance, bio-typing and genetic variation, and to collect inform ...201021035884
ethanolamine utilization contributes to proliferation of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in food and in nematodes.only three pathogenic bacterial species, salmonella enterica, clostridium perfringens, and listeria monocytogenes, are able to utilize both ethanolamine and 1,2-propanediol as a sole carbon source. degradation of these substrates, abundant in food and the gut, depends on cobalamin, which is synthesized de novo only under anaerobic conditions. although the eut, pdu, and cob-cbi gene clusters comprise 40 kb, the conditions under which they confer a selection advantage on these food-borne pathogens ...201021037291
transcriptomic and phenotypic analyses identify coregulated, overlapping regulons among prfa, ctsr, hrca, and the alternative sigma factors sigmab, sigmac, sigmah, and sigmal in listeria monocytogenes.a set of seven listeria monocytogenes 10403s mutant strains, each bearing an in-frame null mutation in a gene encoding a key regulatory protein, was used to characterize transcriptional networks in l. monocytogenes; the seven regulatory proteins addressed include all four l. monocytogenes alternative sigma factors (σ(b), σ(c), σ(h), and σ(l)), the virulence gene regulator prfa, and the heat shock-related negative regulators ctsr and hrca. whole-genome microarray analyses, used to identify regulo ...201021037293
[viable non-culturable bacteria].viable but non-culturable cells (vbnc) are defined as live bacteria, but which do not either grow or divide. such bacteria cannot be cultivated on conventional media (they do not form colonies on solid media, they do not change broth appearance), but their existence can be proved using other methods. the switch to the vbnc stage has been described and documented for several bacterial species: vibrio spp. (cholerae, vulnificus and other species), escherichia coli (including ehec), campylobacter j ...201021038700
listeria monocytogenes infection in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. 201021039077
gram-positive pathogenic bacteria induce a common early response in human monocytes.we infected freshly isolated human peripheral monocytes with live bacteria of three clinically important gram-positive bacterial species, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae and listeria monocytogenes and studied the ensuing early transcriptional response using expression microarrays. thus the observed response was unbiased by signals originating from other helper and effector cells of the host and was not limited to induction by solitary bacterial constituents.201021044323
observation and kinematic description of long actin tracks induced by spherical beads.we report an in vitro study comparing the growth of long actin tails induced by spherical beads coated with the verprolin central acidic domain of the polymerization enzyme n-wasp to that induced by listeria monocytogenes in similar cellular extracts. the tracks behind the beads show characteristic differences in shape and curvature from those left by the bacteria, which have an elongated shape and a similar polymerization-inducing enzyme distributed only on the rear surface of the cell. the exp ...201021044576
characterization of a listeria monocytogenes ca(2+) pump: a serca-type atpase with only one ca(2+)-binding site.we have characterized a putative ca(2+)-atpase from the pathogenic bacterium listeria monocytogenes with the locus tag lmo0841. the purified and detergent-solubilized protein, which we have named listeria monocytogenes ca(2+)-atpase 1 (lmca1), performs a ca(2+)-dependent atp hydrolysis and actively transports ca(2+) after reconstitution in dioleoylphosphatidyl-choline vesicles. despite a high sequence similarity to the sarcoplasmic reticulum ca(2+)-atpase (serca1a) and plasma membrane ca(2+)-atp ...201021047776
observation of a new pattern in serogroup-related pcr typing of listeria monocytogenes 4b isolates.molecular serogroup-related pcr typing has made the determination of serotypes of listeria monocytogenes isolates easy and rapid. amplification of selected lineage- and serotype-related genes can produce serotype patterns reflecting the four major serotypes, 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b. we found that four isolates in our routine testing had a pattern with the four bands lmo0737, orf2110, orf2819, and prs positive, a pattern which has not been previously reported in the literature. after testing wit ...201021048013
effect of atmospheric pressure plasma on inactivation of pathogens inoculated onto bacon using two different gas compositions.atmospheric pressure plasma (app) is an emerging non-thermal pasteurization method for the enhancement of food safety. in this study, the effect of app on the inactivation of pathogens inoculated onto bacon was observed. sliced bacon was inoculated with listeria monocytogenes (kctc 3596), escherichia coli (kctc 1682), and salmonella typhimurium (kctc 1925). the samples were treated with app at 75, 100, and 125 w of input power for 60 and 90 s. two gases, helium (10 lpm) or a mixture of helium an ...201021056769
microbiological and physicochemical quality of fresh-cut apple enriched with the probiotic strain lactobacillus rhamnosus gg.the effectiveness as protective culture of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamonosus gg (l. rham. gg) against salmonella and listeria monocytogenes on minimally-processed apples throughout storage as well as its effect on apple quality and natural microflora was evaluated. survival to subsequent exposure to gastric stress was also reported. apples were cut into wedges and dipped in a solution containing salmonella and l. monocytogenes (10(5) cfu ml(-1)) and/or l. rham. gg (10(8) cfu ml(-1)). apple ...201021056776
biogenic amine content and microbiological profile of pecorino di farindola cheese."pecorino di farindola" is a traditional ewes' milk cheese produced in the abruzzo region (italy) and ripened for a minimum of 90 days. the main objective of this research was to characterize the microbiological and chemical composition of this cheese, manufactured in ten dairy farms during the winter cheese-making season (december through march). by using classical enumeration system on specific media variability was observed in the viable numbers of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, enterobacteria, ...201021056784
use of titanium dioxide (tio2) photocatalysts as alternative means for listeria monocytogenes biofilm disinfection in food processing.the aim of this work was to study the photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide (tio(2)) against listeria monocytogenes bacterial biofilm. different tio(2) nanostructured thin films were deposited on surfaces such as stainless steel and glass using the doctor-blade technique. all the surfaces were placed in test tubes containing brain heart (bh) broth and inoculated with l. monocytogenes. test tubes were then incubated for 10 days at 16°c in order to allow biofilm development. after biofilm fo ...201021056789
listeria monocytogenes meningitis in adults. 200821063320
three-year multicenter surveillance of community-acquired listeria monocytogenes meningitis in adults.listeria monocytogenes is the third most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis. the aim of this study is to know the incidence and risk factors associated with development of acute community-acquired lm meningitis in adult patients and to evaluate the clinical features, management, and outcome in this prospective case series.201021067624
modeling time to inactivation of listeria monocytogenes in response to high pressure, sodium chloride, and sodium lactate.a mathematical model was developed to predict time to inactivation (tti) by high pressure processing of listeria monocytogenes in a broth system (ph 6.3) as a function of pressure (450 to 700 mpa), inoculum level (2 to 6 log cfu/ml), sodium chloride (1 or 2%), and sodium lactate (0 or 2.5%) from a 4°c initial temperature. ten l. monocytogenes isolates from various sources, including processed meats, were evaluated for pressure resistance. the five most resistant strains were used as a cocktail t ...201021067666
fates of foodborne pathogens in raw hams manufactured rapidly using a new patented method.to manufacture raw ham in an efficient manner, we recently developed a new system in which presliced pork loin was used, and the processing time was reduced to 5% of the conventional method. this study aimed to examine whether this raw ham could be as safe as ham produced by the conventional method. pork loin spiked with enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli serotype o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2c, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, and staphylococcus aureus were processed usin ...201021067667
quantitative microbial risk assessment for escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica, and listeria monocytogenes in leafy green vegetables consumed at salad bars, based on modeling supply chain logistics.quantitative microbial risk assessments do not usually account for the planning and ordering mechanisms (logistics) of a food supply chain. these mechanisms and consumer demand determine the storage and delay times of products. the aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the difference between simulating supply chain logistics (mod) and assuming fixed storage times (fix) in microbial risk estimation for the supply chain of fresh-cut leafy green vegetables destined for working-canteen sala ...201021067671
expression of lactobacillus reuteri pg4 collagen-binding protein gene in lactobacillus casei atcc 393 increases its adhesion ability to caco-2 cells.the collagen-binding protein gene cnb was cloned from the probiotic lactobacillus reuteri strain pg4. the dna sequence of the cnb gene (792 bp) has an open reading frame encoding 263 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 28.5 kda. the cnb gene was constructed so as to constitutively express under the control of the lactococcus lactis laca promoter and was transformed into lactobacillus casei atcc 393, a strain isolated from dairy products with poor ability to adhere to intestinal epi ...201021070005
a live attenuated listeria monocytogenes vaccine vector expressing siv gag is safe and immunogenic in macaques and can be administered repeatedly.listeria monocytogenes (lm) is known to induce strong cellular immune responses. we constructed a live-attenuated lm vector, lmdd-bdopsivgag, which encodes sivmac239 gag. intragastric (i.g.) administration of 3 × 10(12) bacteria to rhesus macaques was safe and induced anti-gag cellular but no humoral immune responses. boosting of gag-specific cellular responses was observed after i.g. administration of lmdd-bdopsivgag to previously vaccinated rm despite preexisting anti-lm immunity shown by lymp ...201021070847
prevalence and characterization of antimicrobial resistance of foodborne listeria monocytogenes isolates in hebei province of northern china, 2005-2007.a total of 2177 food samples collected from nine cities in northern china during 2005 to 2007 were screened for the presence of listeria monocytogenes. all l. monocytogenes isolates were subjected to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), as well as pcr screening to identify genes responsible for tetracycline resistance [tet(l), tet(m), tet(k), tet(s) and tet(b)], transposon tn916, and class 1 integron. contamination with l. monocytogenes was detected ...201021074885
real-time pcr assay to differentiate listeriolysin s-positive and -negative strains of listeria monocytogenes.due to the severity of the food-borne infection listeriosis, strict legislation governs the detectable and permissible limits at which listeria monocytogenes is permitted in foods. these requirements, coupled with the ubiquitous nature of l. monocytogenes strains and the potential for epidemic outbreaks, mean that the pathogen can devastate affected sectors of the food industry. although almost all l. monocytogenes strains have the potential to cause listeriosis, those implicated in the vast maj ...201021075895
effector function-deficient memory cd8+ t cells clonally expand in the liver and give rise to peripheral memory cd8+ t cells.upon adoptive transfer into histocompatible mice, naive cd8(+) t cells stimulated ex vivo by tcr+il-4 turn into long-lived functional memory cells. the liver contains a large number of so formed memory cd8(+) t cells, referred to as liver memory t cells (t(lm)) in the form of cell clusters. the cd62l(low) expression and nonlymphoid tissue distribution of t(lm) cells are similar to effector memory (t(em)) cells, yet their deficient cytotoxicity and ifn-γ inducibility are unlike t(em) cells. adopt ...201021078905
ion accumulation in a protein nanocage: finding noisy temporal sequences using a genetic algorithm.many pathogenic bacteria are able to survive attack by the host's immune system because of antioxidant systems that mitigate the effects of reactive oxygen species. dps is a hollow 12-subunit protein nanocage that prevents oxidative damage by oxidizing and sequestering intracellular fe(2+); the resulting fe(3+) forms an iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticle in the cage interior. charged sites on the protein nanocage create an electrostatic gradient that guides ions through well-defined pores that conne ...201021081087
mixed species biofilms of listeria monocytogenes and lactobacillus plantarum show enhanced resistance to benzalkonium chloride and peracetic acid.we investigated the formation of single and mixed species biofilms of listeria monocytogenes strains egd-e and lr-991, with lactobacillus plantarum wcfs1 as secondary species, and their resistance to the disinfectants benzalkonium chloride and peracetic acid. modulation of growth, biofilm formation, and biofilm composition was achieved by addition of manganese sulfate and/or glucose to the bhi medium. composition analyses of the mixed species biofilms using plate counts and fluorescence microsco ...201021084128
tnf receptor-associated factor 3 is required for t cell-mediated immunity and tcr/cd28 signaling.we recently reported that tnfr-associated factor (traf)3, a ubiquitously expressed adaptor protein, promotes mature b cell apoptosis. however, the specific function of traf3 in t cells has remained unclear. in this article, we report the generation and characterization of t cell-specific traf3(-/-) mice, in which the traf3 gene was deleted from thymocytes and t cells. ablation of traf3 in the t cell lineage did not affect cd4 or cd8 t cell populations in secondary lymphoid organs or the numbers ...201021084666
molecular biology of surface colonization by listeria monocytogenes: an additional facet of an opportunistic gram-positive foodborne pathogen.the opportunistic and facultative intracellular pathogenic bacterium listeria monocytogenes causes a rare but severe foodborne disease called listeriosis, the outcome of which can be fatal. the infection cycle and key virulence factors are now well characterized in this species. nonetheless, this knowledge has not prevented the re-emergence of listeriosis, as recently reported in several european countries. listeria monocytogenes is particularly problematic in the food industry since it can surv ...201021087384
listeria monocytogenes in irish farmhouse cheese processing environments.sixteen cheesemaking facilities were sampled during the production season at monthly intervals over a two-year period. thirteen facilities were found to have samples positive for listeria monocytogenes. samples were divided into 4 categories; cheese, raw milk, processing environment and external to the processing environment (samples from the farm such as silage, bedding, and pooled water). in order to attempt to identify the source, persistence and putative transfer routes of contamination with ...201021087802
[survival strategy of intracellular bacteria in macrophages]. 200921089530
neonatal bacterial meningitis.neonatal bacterial meningitis (nm) continues to be a serious disease with an unchanging rate of adverse outcome of 20-60%, despite a worldwide decline in mortality. the 3 major pathogens in developed countries are: group b streptococcus, gram negative rods and lysteria monocytogenes. signs and symptoms of nm may be subtle, unspecific, vague, atypical or absent. in order to exclude nm, all infants with proven or suspected sepsis should undergo lumbar puncture. positive culture of cerebrospinal fl ...201021089719
essential oil of thymus capitatus hoff. et link. from matmata, tunisia: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.thymus capitatus hoff. et link. essential oil was constituted by thymol (89.06%) as a major component followed by p-cimene (5.04%) and γ-terpinene (3.19%) after analysis by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the antioxidant activity assays of the essential oil used in the inhibition of the radical cation 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) and the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl showed high 50% inhibitory concentration ...201021091258
efficiency of different sanitation methods on listeria monocytogenes biofilms formed under various environmental conditions.the resistance of listeria monocytogenes biofilms formed under food processing conditions, against various sanitizing agents and disinfection procedures was evaluated in the present study. the first sanitation procedure included biofilm formation on stainless steel coupons (ss) placed in tryptic soy broth supplemented with 0.6% yeast extract (tsbye) of various concentrations of nacl (0.5, 7.5 and 9.5%) at different temperatures (5 and 20 °c). the biofilms formed were exposed to warm (60 °c) wate ...201021093085
the impact of iron on listeria monocytogenes; inside and outside the host.as iron is vital for all cells, host sequestration of iron provides a significant barrier to bacterial infection. the absolute requirement for iron has driven the evolution of refined systems by which pathogenic bacteria such as listeria monocytogenes can competitively acquire this element during host infection. this process is coordinated, at least partly, by the ferric uptake regulator (fur). recent studies have identified loci within the listerial fur-regulon and have characterized specific s ...201021093251
cell-cell propagation of nf-κb transcription factor and map kinase activation amplifies innate immunity against bacterial infection.the enteroinvasive bacterium shigella flexneri uses multiple secreted effector proteins to downregulate interleukin-8 (il-8) expression in infected epithelial cells. yet, massive il-8 secretion is observed in shigellosis. here we report a host mechanism of cell-cell communication that circumvents the effector proteins and strongly amplifies il-8 expression during bacterial infection. by monitoring proinflammatory signals at the single-cell level, we found that the activation of the transcription ...201021093316
effect of osmotic stress and culture density on invasiveness of listeria monocytogenes strains.the effect of osmotic stress on its capacity to invade the human enterocytic cell line ht-29 was studied in the early log through the stationary phase in 10 l. monocytogenes strains representing three genetically independent lineages. the results demonstrate that the transition of the bacteria from the log to the stationary phase results in a stepwise reduction of invasiveness. this effect was heterogeneous in the studied l. monocytogenes population, as the range of invasiveness reduction betwee ...201021093947
characterization of lytic enzyme open reading frame 9 (orf9) derived from enterococcus faecalis bacteriophage phief24c.in bacteriophage (phage) therapy against gram-positive bacteria, such as staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, and enterococcus faecalis, members of a genus of spo1-like viruses are typically employed because of their extreme virulence and broad host spectrum. phage φef24c, which is a spo1-like virus infecting e. faecalis, has previously been characterized as a therapeutic phage candidate. in addition to the phage itself, phage endolysin is also recognized as an effective antimicrobial ...201021097580
the n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea-induced goldenticket mouse mutant reveals an essential function of sting in the in vivo interferon response to listeria monocytogenes and cyclic dinucleotides.type i interferons (ifns) are central regulators of the innate and adaptive immune responses to viral and bacterial infections. type i ifns are induced upon cytosolic detection of microbial nucleic acids, including dna, rna, and the bacterial second messenger cyclic-di-gmp (c-di-gmp). in addition, a recent study demonstrated that the intracellular bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes stimulates a type i ifn response due to cytosolic detection of bacterially secreted c-di-amp. the transmembr ...201021098106
nonconventional cd8+ t cell responses to listeria infection in mice lacking mhc class ia and h2-m3.cd8(+) t cells restricted to mhc class ib molecules other than h2-m3 have been shown to recognize bacterial ags. however, the contribution of these t cells to immune responses against bacterial infection is not well defined. to investigate the immune potential of mhc class ib-restricted cd8(+) t cells, we have generated mice that lack both mhc class ia and h2-m3 molecules (k(b-/-)d (b-/-)m3(-/-)). the cd8(+) t cells present in k(b-/-)d (b-/-)m3(-/-) mice display an activated surface phenotype an ...201021098224
fulminant endogenous anterior uveitis due to listeria monocytogenes.purpose: to report an unusual case of fulminant anterior uveitis, confirmed as endogenous listeria monocytogenes infection. subject: a 67-year-old man with multiple comorbidities acutely developed a severe endogenous anterior uveitis. results: l. monocytogenes, a ubiquitous gram-positive bacillus, was directly indicated by culture and pcr. early and aggressive treatment with intravenous antibiotics likely prevented the endophthalmitis which most cases on record experienced. our patient regained ...201021103198
lxr deficiency confers increased protection against visceral leishmania infection in mice.the liver x receptors (lxrs) are a family of nuclear receptor transcription factors that are activated by oxysterols and have defined roles in both lipid metabolism and cholesterol regulation. lxrs also affect antimicrobial responses and have anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages. as mice lacking lxrs are more susceptible to infection by intracellular bacteria listeria monocytogenes and mycobacterium tuberculosis, we hypothesized that lxr might also influence macrophage responses to the intra ...201021103366
antimicrobial activity of bacillus amyloliquefaciens lbm 5006 is enhanced in the presence of escherichia coli.increased antimicrobial activity was observed when bacillus amyloliquefaciens lbm 5006 strain was cultivated in the presence of thermally inactivated cells of escherichia coli, but not with staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, or bacillus cereus. e. coli also enhanced the antimicrobial activity when it was added to the medium in the form of living cells or as cell debris after cellular fractionation. no inducing activity was observed with addition of cell-free supernatant of e. coli cu ...201021104084
sepsis induces early alterations in innate immunity that impact mortality to secondary infection.sepsis, the systemic inflammatory response to microbial infection, induces changes in both innate and adaptive immunity that presumably lead to increased susceptibility to secondary infections, multiorgan failure, and death. using a model of murine polymicrobial sepsis whose severity approximates human sepsis, we examined outcomes and defined requirements for survival after secondary pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia or disseminated listeria monocytogenes infection. we demonstrate that early afte ...201021106855
the activating rat ly49s5 receptor responds to increased levels of mhc class ib molecules on listeria monocytogenes-infected enteric epithelial cells.we have investigated whether rat ly49 receptors can monitor listeria-infected intestinal epithelial cells through altered expression of mhc class i molecules. the rat colon carcinoma epithelial cell line cc531 infected with listeria expressed higher levels of both classical and nonclassical mhc-i molecules. reporter cells expressing the activating ly49s5 receptor displayed increased stimulatory responses when incubated with listeria-infected cc531 cells in vitro, which could be blocked with mab ...201021108473
a secretome-based methodology may provide a better characterization of the virulence of listeria monocytogenes: preliminary results.four strains of listeria monocytogenes with different levels of virulence were studied. two strains were consistently evaluated as virulent (strain 3077) and of low virulence (strain 3993), whereas the other two strains (3006 and 3049) originated conflicting results in what the evaluation tests were concerned: both were shown to exhibit low virulence when evaluated by in vitro assays, but virulent when the analyses were performed under in vivo conditions. to clarify the virulence potential of th ...201021111160
inactivation of cronobacter sakazakii by ultrasonic waves under pressure in buffer and foods.the objective of this research was to characterize the resistance of cronobacter sakazakii to ultrasonic waves under pressure (manosonication, ms). the d(ms) value (decimal reduction time value) of c. sakazakii in standard conditions (35°c, 117 μm, 200 kpa, citrate-phosphate buffer ph 7.0) was 0.41 min. this value was higher than that of yersinia enterocolitica (d(ms)=0.19 min) and lower than those of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (d(ms)=0.61 min), listeria monocytogenes (d(ms)=0.86 mi ...201021111503
recombinant e. coli llo/ova induces murine bmdcs maturation via tlr4 and nod1 receptor and promotes specific cytotoxic t cell immunity.to explore the immune stimulation effect of recombinant e.coli llo/ova on mice bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (bmdcs) and t lymphocytes in vitro.201021112482
designing carbohydrate nanoparticles for prolonged efficacy of antimicrobial peptide.in this work, carbohydrate nanoparticles were created to prolong the efficacy of antimicrobial peptide against pathogens. nisin and listeria monocytogenes were used as the peptide and pathogen models, respectively, and phytoglycogen (pg)-based nanoparticles were developed as carriers of nisin. pg from su1 mutant maize was subjected to β-amylolysis as well as subsequent succinate or octenyl succinate substitutions. the goal was to minimize the loss of peptide during storage and meanwhile realize ...201021115078
bacteriophages as biocontrol agents of food pathogens.bacteriophages have long been recognized for their potential as biotherapeutic agents. the recent approval for the use of phages of listeria monocytogenes for food safety purposes has increased the impetus of phage research to uncover phage-mediated applications with activity against other food pathogens. areas of emerging and growing significance, such as predictive modelling and genomics, have shown their potential and impact on the development of new technologies to combat food pathogens. thi ...201021115341
the heme sensing response regulator hssr in staphylococcus aureus but not the homologous rr23 in listeria monocytogenes modulates susceptibility to the antimicrobial peptide plectasin.host defence peptides (hdps), also known as antimicrobial peptides (amps), have emerged as potential new therapeutics and their antimicrobial spectrum covers a wide range of target organisms. however, the mode of action and the genetics behind the bacterial response to hdps is incompletely understood and such knowledge is required to evaluate their potential as antimicrobial therapeutics. plectasin is a recently discovered hdp active against gram-positive bacteria with the human pathogen, staphy ...201021122114
evaluation of growth/no growth interface of listeria monocytogenes growing on stainless steel surfaces, detached from biofilms or in suspension, in response to ph and nacl.the present study aimed to describe the growth/no growth interface of listeria monocytogenes at three potential states of growth in industrial environments, namely attached, (att), detached (det) from a biofilm, or in a planktonic state (suspended; plan). a 3-strain composite of l. monocytogenes cells was left to colonize stainless steel (ss) surfaces in tryptic soy broth supplemented with 0.6% yeast extract (tsbye) at 20 °c for 72 h and then transferred to tsbye at 30 different ph and nacl conc ...201021122934
limp-2 links late phagosomal trafficking with the onset of the innate immune response to listeria monocytogenes: a role in macrophage activation.the innate immune response to listeria monocytogenes depends on phagosomal bacterial degradation by macrophages. here, we describe the role of limp-2, a lysosomal type iii transmembrane glycoprotein and scavenger-like protein, in listeria phagocytosis. limp-2-deficient mice display a macrophage-related defect in listeria innate immunity. they produce less acute phase pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, mcp-1, tnf-α, and il-6 but normal levels of il-12, il-10, and ifn-γ and a 25-fold increase ...201021123180
potentiation of epithelial innate host responses by intercellular communication.the epithelium efficiently attracts immune cells upon infection despite the low number of pathogenic microbes and moderate levels of secreted chemokines per cell. here we examined whether horizontal intercellular communication between cells may contribute to a coordinated response of the epithelium. listeria monocytogenes infection, transfection, and microinjection of individual cells within a polarized intestinal epithelial cell layer were performed and activation was determined at the single c ...201021124989
antagonistic effect of lactobacillus strains against escherichia coli and listeria monocytogenes in milk.the current work studied four types of binary antagonist/pathogen bacterial culture system, in order to determine the effect of interaction between two strains of lactobacillus plantarum and two food-borne pathogens, listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli, in whole uht milk at 37°c. to determine the type of interaction between the two bacterial populations in co-cultures and to evaluate the antagonistic activity of the lactic acid bacteria (lab) on the pathogenic bacteria, the growth curves ...201021126381
molluscan death effector domain (ded)-containing caspase-8 gene from disk abalone (haliotis discus discus): molecular characterization and expression analysis.the caspase family represents aspartate-specific cysteine proteases that play key roles in apoptosis and immune signaling. in this study, we cloned the first death effector domain (ded)-containing molluscan caspase-8 gene from disk abalone (haliotis discus discus), which is named as hdcaspase-8. the full-length hdcaspase was 2855 bp, with a 1908 bp open reading frame encoding 636 amino acids. the hdcaspase-8 had 72 kda predicted molecular mass with an estimated isoelectric point (pi) of 6.0. the ...201021130887
simultaneous recovery of bacteria and viruses from contaminated water and spinach by a filtration method.water and leafy vegetables eaten fresh are increasingly reported as being involved in food-borne illness cases. the pathogenic agents responsible for these infections are mainly bacteria and viruses and are present in very small quantities on the contaminated food matrices. laboratory techniques used to isolate or detect the contaminating agent differ enormously according to the type of microorganisms, generating time and economical losses. the purpose of this study was to optimize a single meth ...201021131086
modeling of pathogen survival during simulated gastric digestion.the objective of the present study was to develop a mathematical model of pathogenic bacterial inactivation kinetics in a gastric environment in order to further understand a part of the infectious dose-response mechanism. the major bacterial pathogens listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, and salmonella spp. were examined by using simulated gastric fluid adjusted to various ph values. to correspond to the various phs in a stomach during digestion, a modified logistic differential eq ...201021131530
invasion and destruction of a murine fibrosarcoma by salmonella-induced effector cd8 t cells as a therapeutic intervention against cancer.we have developed a new vaccination strategy by using the salmonella type iii secretion system (t3ss) to translocate heterologous antigens into the cytosol of host cells. this leads to an efficient antigen-specific cd8 t cell induction. recently, we have demonstrated the use of salmonella's t3ss for the immunoprophylaxis of a solid tumor. the murine fibrosarcoma wehi 164 was transfected with the dna sequence encoding the mhc class i-peptide p60(217-225) from listeria monocytogenes. in the presen ...201021132428
effect of mayonnaise ph and storage temperature on the behavior of listeria monocytogenes in ham salad and potato salad.this study examined and modeled the behavior of listeria monocytogenes in ham salad and potato salad as affected by the ph of mayonnaise and storage temperature. an eight-strain cocktail of l. monocytogenes was inoculated on the surface of diced cooked ham or potato. the inoculated ham or potato was then mixed with regular mayonnaise (ph 3.8) or mayonnaise that was adjusted with naoh to ph 4.2 or 4.6. the cell counts of l. monocytogenes in the salads during storage at 4, 8, or 12 degrees c were ...200521132970
listeria monocytogenes in an atlantic salmon (salmo salar) processing environment.the behavior of two strains of listeria monocytogenes (147 and atcc 19111) was evaluated at different stages of salmon processing. at lower temperatures of 2, 7, and 11 degrees c, l. monocytogenes survived on dry wood surfaces for at least 3 days without added nutrients but was unrecoverable after 2 days at 22 degrees c. moisture or minimal nutrients on the wood surface increased viability of l. monocytogenes at all incubation temperatures. when large amounts of nutrients were provided, the reco ...200521132971
pasteurization of rainbow trout roe: listeria monocytogenes and sensory analyses.d- and z-values for a mixture of four listeria monocytogenes strains originating from the roe of different fish species were determined in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) roe. the d60- and d63-values obtained were 1.60 and 0.44 min, respectively, and the z-value was 5.36 degrees c accordingly. in pilot-scale experiments, rainbow trout roe (100 g) was vacuum packaged into glass jars and pasteurized both at 62 and 65 degrees c for 10 min. these treatments were enough to destroy 10(8) cfu/ g of ...200521132972
microbiological quality of ready-to-eat foods: results from a long-term surveillance program (1995 through 2003).the coordination of food sampling activities across wales, a part of the united kingdom with a population of approximately 3 million, led to the establishment in 1995 of a coordinated food-sampling program designed to monitor on a long-term basis the microbiological quality and safety of specific ready-to-eat products. this surveillance system has been ongoing for 9 years and has generated a database of microbiological and associated demographic results for 15,228 ready-to-eat food samples. the ...200521132974
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