Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| comparative antibacterial efficacies of hydrodynamic and ultrasonic irrigation systems in vitro. | to ensure root canal treatment success, endodontic microbiota should be efficiently reduced. the in vitro bactericidal effects of a hydrodynamic system and a passive ultrasonic irrigation system were compared. | 2013 | 23953293 |
| the crystal structure of d-mandelate dehydrogenase reveals its distinct substrate and coenzyme recognition mechanisms from those of 2-ketopantoate reductase. | d-mandelate dehydrogenases (d-mandhs), belonging to a new d-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family, catalyze the conversion between benzoylformate and d-mandelate using nad as a coenzyme. we determined the first d-mandh structure, that of mandh2 from enterococcus faecalis iam10071. the overall structure showed mandh2 has a similar fold to 2-ketopantoate reductase (kpr), which catalyzes the conversion of 2-ketopantoate to d-pantoate using nadp as a coenzyme. they share conserved catalytic residues, i ... | 2013 | 23954635 |
| cold-shock rna-binding protein cspr is also exposed to the surface of enterococcus faecalis. | cspr has been characterized recently as a cold-shock rna-binding protein in enterococcus faecalis, a natural member of the gastro-intestinal tract capable of switching from a commensal relationship with the host to an important nosocomial pathogen. in addition to its involvement in the cold-shock response, cspr also plays a role in the long-term survival and virulence of e. faecalis. in the present study, we demonstrated that anti-cspr immune rabbit serum protected larvae of galleria mellonella ... | 2013 | 23955430 |
| quantitative evaluation of apical extrusion of intracanal bacteria using k3, mtwo, race and protaper rotary systems: an in vitro study. | this aim of this study was to evaluate the number of bacteria extruded apically during root canal preparation using four rotary instrumentation techniques. | 2013 | 23956529 |
| influence of various herbal irrigants as a final rinse on the adherence of enterococcus faecalis by fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscope. | the aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial efficacy of three different herbal irrigants against enterococcus faecalis. | 2013 | 23956540 |
| microbiological and fermentative properties of baker's yeast starter used in breadmaking. | this study assessed the levels of microbial contaminants in liquid, compressed and dry commercial baker's yeasts used as starters in breadmaking. eumycetes, enterobacteriaceae, total and fecal coliforms, bacillus spp., and lactic acid bacteria (lab), in particular enterococci, were quantified. results obtained in this study highlighted that baker's yeast could represent a potential vehicle of spoilage and undesirable microorganisms into the baking environment, even if these do not influence the ... | 2013 | 23957411 |
| adaptation of enterococcus faecalis to daptomycin reveals an ordered progression to resistance. | with increasing numbers of hospital-acquired antibiotic resistant infections each year and staggering health care costs, there is a clear need for new antimicrobial agents, as well as novel strategies to extend their clinical efficacy. while genomic studies have provided a wealth of information about the alleles associated with adaptation to antibiotics, they do not provide essential information about the relative importance of genomic changes, their order of appearance, or potential epistatic r ... | 2013 | 23959318 |
| antimicrobial activity of amazonian medicinal plants. | the aqueous extracts of currently utilized amazonian medicinal plants were assayed in vitro searching for antimicrobial activity against human and animal pathogenic microorganisms. | 2013 | 23961431 |
| lipoteichoic acid of enterococcus faecalis induces the expression of chemokines via tlr2 and pafr signaling pathways. | enterococcus faecalis is one of the most common opportunistic pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections, and its lta is known as an important virulence factor causing inflammatory responses. as chemokines play a key role in inflammatory diseases by triggering leukocyte infiltration into the infection site, we purified eflta and investigated its effect on the expression of chemokines, ip-10, mip-1α, and mcp-1, in murine macrophages. eflta induced the expression of these chemokines at the mr ... | 2013 | 23964117 |
| rapid detection of gram-positive organisms by use of the verigene gram-positive blood culture nucleic acid test and the bact/alert pediatric fan system in a multicenter pediatric evaluation. | assays that expedite the reporting of organism identification and antibiotic susceptibility status in positive blood cultures can fast track interventions that improve clinical outcomes. we evaluated the verigene gram-positive blood culture nucleic acid test (bc-gp) in two pediatric hospitals. positive bact/alert pediatric fan blood cultures with gram-positive organisms were tested using the bc-gp in tandem with routine laboratory procedures. to test organisms underrepresented in the clinical bl ... | 2013 | 23966484 |
| mortality in kittens is associated with a shift in ileum mucosa-associated enterococci from enterococcus hirae to biofilm-forming enterococcus faecalis and adherent escherichia coli. | approximately 15% of foster kittens die before 8 weeks of age, with most of these kittens demonstrating clinical signs or postmortem evidence of enteritis. while a specific cause of enteritis is not determined in most cases, these kittens are often empirically administered probiotics that contain enterococci. the enterococci are members of the commensal intestinal microbiota but also can function as opportunistic pathogens. given the complicated role of enterococci in health and disease, it woul ... | 2013 | 23966487 |
| one-day point prevalence of emerging bacterial pathogens in a nationwide sample of 62 german hospitals in 2012 and comparison with the results of the one-day point prevalence of 2010. | antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens is an emerging problem worldwide. to combat multidrug resistant organisms (mrdos) networks of care providers have been established in all states in germany. the hicare-network, a project to combat mrdos, founded by the federal ministry of education and research, has published data from 2010 of a voluntary, german-wide, multicenter point-prevalence survey in 2011 conducted in collaboration with the german society of hospital hygiene. the aim of the pre ... | 2013 | 23967398 |
| antimicrobial activity of alexidine alone and associated with n-acetylcysteine against enterococcus faecalis biofilm. | the purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of alexidine (alx), alone and combined with n-acetylcysteine (nac), in eradicating two enterococcus faecalis strain biofilms. the biofilms of e. faecalis atcc 29212 and the clinical isolate e. faecalis d1 were grown in the mbec-high-throughput device for 24 h and were exposed to five twofold dilutions of alx (2%-0.007 8%) alone and combined with 100 mg⋅ml(-1) nac, for 1 and 5 min. eradication was defined as 100% kill of biofilm bacteria. the s ... | 2013 | 23970139 |
| [comparison of in vitro antimicrobial activities of bioaggregate and mineral trioxide aggregate]. | treatment outcome of endodontic perforations depends on successful elimination of the associated microorganisms and infected tissues as well as the effective seal of the root-end or perforation site to prevent future contamination. ideally, perforation repair material has to be bacteriostatic or bactericidal in order to prevent bacterial contamination as well as good sealing properties and biocompatibility. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of bioaggregate (ba) and ... | 2013 | 23971930 |
| glycopeptide antibiotic analogs efficient against vancomycin-resistant bacteria: a patent evaluation (wo2013022763). | the patent claims the preparation of vancomycin analogs equally active against bacterial strains that are primarily sensitive or resistant to this antibiotic. the pseudopeptide core of new compounds carries the amidine group that replaces the carboxamide linking group in the d ring-bearing amino acid residue of the glycopeptide. an elegant method of synthesis of amidine containing glycopeptides via thioamides was developed. the key glycopeptide thioamide analogs were prepared by total multistep ... | 2013 | 23972226 |
| tunel analysis of dna fragmentation in mouse unfertilized oocytes: the effect of microorganisms within human follicular fluid collected during ivf cycles. | recently we reported the presence of bacteria within follicular fluid. previous studies have reported that dna fragmentation in human spermatozoa after in vivo or in vitro incubation with bacteria results in early embryo demise and a reduced rate of ongoing pregnancy, but the effect of bacteria on oocytes is unknown. this study examined the dna within mouse oocytes after 12 hours' incubation within human follicular fluids (n=5), which were collected from women undergoing in vitro fertilization ( ... | 2013 | 23972717 |
| virulence and antibiotic resistance of enterococcus faecalis clinical isolates recovered from three states of mexico. detection of linezolid resistance. | the virulence of enterococcus faecalis is associated with three proteins involved in biofilm production: ace, agg, and esp. isolates also vary with respect to drug resistance. the present study investigated four characteristics of clinical isolates of e. faecalis recovered from three hospitals in mexico, including biofilm production, the presence of biofilm-related genes, antibiotic susceptibility, and clonal diversity. | 2013 | 23973462 |
| evaluation of lactic acid bacteria and yeast diversity in traditional white pickled and fresh soft cheeses from the mountain regions of serbia and lowland regions of croatia. | the goal of this study was the characterisation of indigenous lactic acid bacteria (lab) and yeasts isolated from nine white pickled (bg) and nine fresh soft (zg) artisanal cheeses collected in serbia and croatia. while lab were present in all of the cheeses collected, yeasts were found in all bg cheeses but only in three zg cheese samples. high lab and yeast species diversity was determined (average h'(l)=0.4 and h'(y)=0.8, respectively). the predominant lab species in white pickled (bg) cheese ... | 2013 | 23973841 |
| library screen identifies enterococcus faecalis ccpa, the catabolite control protein a, as an effector of ace, a collagen adhesion protein linked to virulence. | the enterococcus faecalis cell wall-anchored protein ace is an important virulence factor involved in cell adhesion and infection. expression of ace on the cell surface is affected by many factors, including stage of growth, culture temperature, and environmental components, such as serum, urine, and collagen. however, the mechanisms that regulate or modulate ace display are not well understood. with interest in identifying genes associated with ace expression, we utilized a whole-cell enzyme-li ... | 2013 | 23974022 |
| the diversity and antimicrobial activity of preussia sp. endophytes isolated from australian dry rainforests. | limited knowledge currently exists regarding species diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic isolates of preussia within australia. this report describes endophytic preussia species that were identified through molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region. screening for antimicrobial secondary metabolites was determined by testing crude ethyl acetate (etoac) extracts derived from fungal mycelia against a panel of atcc type strains which included bacillus cereus, escher ... | 2014 | 23975673 |
| marked elevation of interleukin-6 in mild encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (mers) associated with acute focal bacterial nephritis caused by enterococcus faecalis. | this report describes two cases of mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion (mers) associated with acute focal bacterial nephritis (afbn). the patients, who presented with fever and delirious behavior, exhibited hyponatremia and markedly elevated interleukin (il)-6 in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and serum. enterococcus faecalis was detected in the urine culture. after ampicillin treatment, their consciousness improved without neurological sequelae. moreover, a diffusion-wei ... | 2014 | 23978488 |
| efficacy of endodontic applications of ozone and low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma on root canals infected with enterococcus faecalis. | this study aimed to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma (ltapp) design and gaseous ozone delivery system with 2.5% naocl on enterococcus faecalis in root canal walls and dentine tubules. the samples were divided into ltapp (n = 12), ozone (n = 12), naocl (positive control, n = 12) and saline (negative control, n = 6) groups. microbial samples were collected using paper points and dentin chips from root canals. antimicrobial efficacy was assessed by c ... | 2014 | 23980743 |
| reduction in enteroccocus faecalis counts - a comparison between rotary and reciprocating systems. | to compare the chemomechanical reduction and regrowth of enterococcus faecalis between rotary and reciprocating systems in root canal preparation. | 2014 | 23980811 |
| biological evaluation of hyperforin and its hydrogenated analogue on bacterial growth and biofilm production. | bacterial biofilms are organized communities of microorganisms, embedded in a self-produced matrix, growing on a biotic surface and resistant to many antimicrobial agents when associated with a medical device. these biofilms require the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of infectious disease, including the potential use of natural products. one interesting natural product example is hypericum, a plant genus that contains species known to have antimicrobial properties ... | 2013 | 23981190 |
| antibiotic-resistance and virulence genes in enterococcus isolated from tropical recreational waters. | the prevalence of enterococci harboring tetracycline- and vancomycin-resistance genes, as well as the enterococcal surface protein (esp) has mostly been determined in clinical settings, but their prevalence in tropical recreational waters remains largely unknown. the present study determined the prevalence of tetm (tetracycline-resistance), vana and vanb (vancomycin-resistance) in the bacterial and viral fractions, enterococci and their induced phages isolated from tropical recreational marine a ... | 2013 | 23981868 |
| antimicrobial activity of carpolobia lutea extracts and fractions. | carpolobia lutea (g. don) (polygalaceae) is a tropical medicinal plant putative in traditional medicines against gonorrhea, gingivitis, infertility, antiulcer and malaria. the present study evaluated the antimicrobial, antifungal and antihelicobacter effects of extracts c. lutea leaf, stem and root. the extracts were examined using the disc-diffusion and microplates of 96 wells containing muller-hinton methods against some bacterial strains: eschericia coli (atcc 25922), e. coli (atcc10418), pse ... | 2012 | 23983362 |
| calpastatin prevents nf-κb-mediated hyperactivation of macrophages and attenuates colitis. | calpain enzymes proteolytically modulate cellular function and have been implicated in inflammatory diseases. in this study, we found that calpain levels did not differ between intestinal tissues from inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) patients and healthy controls, but ibd tissues showed increased levels of the endogenous calpain inhibitor, calpastatin (cast). to investigate the role of cast in the immune system during ibd, mice were x-ray irradiated, reconstituted with either cast-knockout (ko) ... | 2013 | 23986533 |
| conducting nanosponge electroporation for affordable and high-efficiency disinfection of bacteria and viruses in water. | high-efficiency, affordable, and low energy water disinfection methods are in great need to prevent diarrheal illness, which is one of the top five leading causes of death over the world. traditional water disinfection methods have drawbacks including carcinogenic disinfection byproducts formation, energy and time intensiveness, and pathogen recovery. here, we report an innovative method that achieves high-efficiency water disinfection by introducing nanomaterial-assisted electroporation impleme ... | 2013 | 23987737 |
| [evaluation on antimicrobial efficacy of fufang bingpeng irrigant: an in vitro study]. | to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of fufang bingpeng irrigant and bingpeng irrigant on four endodontic pathogen bacteria. | 2013 | 23991570 |
| food-borne zoonotic pathogens and antimicrobial resistance of indicator bacteria in urban wild boars in barcelona, spain. | wildlife is increasingly abundant in urban environments, but little is known about the zoonotic pathogens carried by these populations. urban wild boars are of particular concern because this species is well-known as a pathogen reservoir, and thus, we studied selected zoonotic pathogens in urban wild boars in barcelona, spain (n=41). salmonella enterica was found in 5.00% (95% ci 0.61-16.91) and campylobacter coli in 4.88% (95% ci 0.6-16.53) of the animals. e. coli o157:h7 and c. jejuni were not ... | 2013 | 23992794 |
| functional diversity of tandem substrate-binding domains in abc transporters from pathogenic bacteria. | the atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter glnpq is an essential uptake system for amino acids in gram-positive pathogens and related nonpathogenic bacteria. the transporter has tandem substrate-binding domains (sbds) fused to each transmembrane domain, giving rise to four sbds per functional transporter complex. we have determined the crystal structures and ligand-binding properties of the sbds of glnpq from enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and lactococcus lactis. the tandem sbd ... | 2013 | 23994008 |
| lysozyme-encapsulated gold nanocluster-based affinity mass spectrometry for pathogenic bacteria. | bacterial infections can be difficult to treat and can lead to irreversible damage to patients if proper treatment is not provided in time. additionally, the emerging threat from antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains makes medical treatment even more difficult. thus, rapid identification of infected bacterial strains is essential to assist diagnostics and medical treatment. | 2013 | 23996387 |
| evaluation of humoral immune response to nosocomial pathogen and functional status in elderly patients with sepsis. | the clinical significance of humoral immune response to nosocomial pathogens and functional status in elderly patients with sepsis is not clear. we evaluated the humoral immune to nosocomial pathogens and the effect of functional dependencies on clinical outcomes among elderly patients with sepsis. this study prospectively enrolled patients aged ≥65 years with sepsis from september 2011 to may 2012 at a 2000-bed university hospital. the data including cd4 and cd8 t-cell count, functional status ... | 2013 | 23998496 |
| zebrafish as a novel vertebrate model to dissect enterococcal pathogenesis. | enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a wide range of life-threatening nosocomial infections, such as septicemia, peritonitis, and endocarditis. e. faecalis infections are associated with a high mortality and substantial health care costs and cause therapeutic problems due to the intrinsic resistance of this bacterium to antibiotics. several factors contributing to e. faecalis virulence have been identified. due to the variety of infections caused by this organism, n ... | 2013 | 24002065 |
| synthesis and characterization of novel organocobaloximes as potential catecholase and antimicrobial activity agents. | an asymmetric, potentially bidentate dioxime ligand (h₂l) was formed by condensation of 4-biphenylchloroglyoxime and napthyl-1-amine. two equivalents of h₂l were reacted with cocl₂ · 6h₂o under appropriate conditions with deprotonation of the dioxime ligand. a series of new organocobaloxime derivatives of the type [cor(hl)₂py], [corl₂pyb₂f₄], and [corl₂py(cu(phen))₂] (h₂l = 4-(napthyl-1-amino)biphenylglyoxime; phen = 1,10-phenathroline; r = izopropyl and benzyl; py = pyridine) were synthesized. ... | 2013 | 24003018 |
| the effect of carvacrol on enterococcus faecalis as a final irrigant. | sodium hypochlorite (naocl) is an effective antimicrobial irrigant, however its toxic effects and deterrent odor are not ideal. carvacrol is an edible plant extract with anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties that is effective against enterococcus (e) faecalis. the aim of this study was to evaluate carvacrol's antibacterial efficacy against e. faecalis bacteria as a final irrigant. | 2009 | 24003329 |
| isolation, identification, and antibiogram of enterococci isolated from patients with urinary tract infection. | enterococci, though commensals in adult feces are important nosocomial pathogens. the most common nosocomial infection caused by these organisms is urinary tract infection. | 2014 | 24005591 |
| correlations between income inequality and antimicrobial resistance. | the aim of this study is to investigate if correlations exist between income inequality and antimicrobial resistance. this study's hypothesis is that income inequality at the national level is positively correlated with antimicrobial resistance within developed countries. | 2013 | 24009734 |
| diversity, distribution and antibiotic resistance of enterococcus spp. recovered from tomatoes, leaves, water and soil on u.s. mid-atlantic farms. | antibiotic-resistant enterococci are important opportunistic pathogens and have been recovered from retail tomatoes. however, it is unclear where and how tomatoes are contaminated along the farm-to-fork continuum. specifically, the degree of pre-harvest contamination with enterococci is unknown. we evaluated the prevalence, diversity and antimicrobial susceptibilities of enterococci collected from tomato farms in the mid-atlantic united states. tomatoes, leaves, groundwater, pond water, irrigati ... | 2013 | 24010630 |
| culture independent raman spectroscopic identification of urinary tract infection pathogens: a proof of principle study. | urinary tract infection (uti) is a very common infection. up to every second woman will experience at least one uti episode during her lifetime. the gold standard for identifying the infectious microorganisms is the urine culture. however, culture methods are time-consuming and need at least 24 h until the results are available. here, we report about a culture independent identification procedure by using raman microspectroscopy in combination with innovative chemometrics. we investigated, for t ... | 2013 | 24010860 |
| risk factors for and epidemiology of community-onset vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis in southeast michigan. | given the known link between vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis (vref) and vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (vrsa), the recent increase in prevalence of vref in southeast michigan has raised concerns about the presence of a large "community" reservoir of vref. efforts to control its spread face some important challenges. | 2013 | 24011554 |
| alternating electric fields combined with activated carbon for disinfection of gram negative and gram positive bacteria in fluidized bed electrode system. | strong electric fields for disinfection of wastewaters have been employed already for several decades. an innovative approach combining low strength (7 v/cm) alternating electric fields with a granular activated carbon fluidized bed electrode (fbe) for disinfection was presented recently. for disinfection performance of fbe several pure microbial cultures were tested: bacillus subtilis, bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis, enterococcus faecalis as representatives from gram positive bacteria and er ... | 2013 | 24012021 |
| surface activation of graphene oxide nanosheets by ultraviolet irradiation for highly efficient anti-bacterials. | a comprehensive investigation of anti-bacterial properties of graphene oxide (go) and ultraviolet (uv) irradiated go nanosheets was carried out. microscopic characterization revealed that the go nanosheet-like structures had wavy features and wrinkles or thin grooves. fundamental surface chemical states of go nanosheets (before and after uv irradiation) were investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) resu ... | 2013 | 24013671 |
| utilization of major fucosylated and sialylated human milk oligosaccharides by isolated human gut microbes. | human milk oligosaccharides (hmos) are not digested in the proximal intestine. in distal intestine, hmos collectively modify the microbiota, but the response of individual bacteria to individual components of the hmos is not well defined. here, each of 25 major isolates of the human intestinal microbiota was fed individual major fucosylated and sialylated hmos in anaerobic culture. this allowed for an assessment of the influence of specific hmos on the growth and metabolic products of individual ... | 2013 | 24013960 |
| additive effect of enterococcus faecium on enterococcal bloodstream infections: a 14-year study in a swiss tertiary hospital. | we investigated whether an increase in enterococcal bloodstream infections (bsis) depends on the emergence of enterococcus faecium in an area with low vancomycin-resistant enterococci prevalence. from 1999 to 2012, a linear increase in e. faecium bsi rates (0.009 per 1,000 patient-days per year; p < .001) was noted. enterococcus faecalis bsi rates remained stable. | 2013 | 24018931 |
| influence of bovine serum albumin on the antibacterial activity of endodontic irrigants against enterococcus faecalis. | it has been demonstrated that organic content of the root canals can influence the antimicrobial capability of chemical irrigants. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bovine serum albumin (bsa), as an organic material, on the antimicrobial activity of several intracanal irrigants. | 2009 | 24019835 |
| the antimicrobial screening of a barbadian medicinal plant with indications for use in the treatment of diabetic wound infections. | diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-communicable disease with high prevalence in the north american and caribbean region. diabetic foot syndrome which is an associated complication can lead to the development of wounds and ulcers which can become infected. justicia secunda, a plant known locally in barbados as bloodroot used in folklore for wound healing, was selected to test its ability to aid diabetic wound healing by antimicrobial activity. it was therefore tested against the bacteria staphylo ... | 2012 | 24020224 |
| endogenous endophthalmitis caused by enterococcus faecalis in a cat. | a three-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented for loss of vision associated with hyperthermia, lethargy and anorexia. ophthalmic examination revealed a bilateral panuveitis. cytological examination of aqueous and vitreous humours was performed and revealed a suppurative inflammation associated with numerous cocci. enterococcus faecalis was identified by bacterial culture from aqueous and vitreous humour. no primary infection site was identified. active uveitis resolved afte ... | 2014 | 24028653 |
| in vitro efficacy of fosfomycin-based combinations against clinical vancomycin-resistant enterococcus isolates. | vancomycin-resistant (vr) enterococci (vre) are increasingly important nosocomial pathogens, commonly causing catheter-related urinary tract infections or vascular catheter-related bloodstream infections. in this study, 10 enterococcus faecium and 9 enterococcus faecalis different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genome-type vr clinical isolates were detected. the potential role of fosfomycin-based combination regimens for biofilm-related vre infection is in vitro evaluated. anti-vre activities ... | 2013 | 24029433 |
| interference in pheromone-responsive conjugation of a high-level bacitracin resistant enterococcus faecalis plasmid of poultry origin. | the current study reports on contact interference of a high-level bacitracin- resistant pheromone-responsive plasmid of enterococcus faecalis strain 543 of poultry origin during conjugative transfer of bcr antimicrobial resistance genes using a polyclonal antiserum aggregation substance(44-560) (as). after induction with pheromones produced by the recipient strain e. faecalis jh2-2, clumping of the donor e. faecalis strain 543 was observed as well as high transfer frequencies of bcr in short tim ... | 2013 | 24030654 |
| virulence factors in vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin- susceptible enterococcus faecalis from brazil. | enterococci are members of commensal flora of animals and insects, but are also important opportunistic pathogens. our objective was to observe if there was any difference of virulence in several groups of e. faecalis, mainly between vancomycin-resistant e. faecalis (vrefs) of colonization and infection. vrefs and vancomycin-sensitive e. faecalis from brazil were screened for the presence of virulence factor genes. phenotypic assays were used to assess in vitro expression, to understand the path ... | 2008 | 24031215 |
| antimicrobial resistance profile of enterococcus spp isolated from food in southern brazil. | fifty-six enterococcus spp. strains were isolated from foods in southern brazil, confirmed by pcr and classified as enterococcus faecalis (27), enterococcus faecium (23) and enterococcus spp (6). antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed resistance phenotypes to a range of antibiotics widely administrated in humans such as gentamycin, streptomycin, ampicillin and vancomycin. | 2009 | 24031330 |
| influence of the length of remaining root canal filling and post space preparation on the coronal leakage of enterococcus faecalis. | this study evaluated the sealing ability of different lengths of remaining root canal filling and post space preparation against coronal leakage of enterococcus faecalis. forty-one roots of maxillary incisors were biomechanically prepared, maintaining standardized canal diameter at the middle and coronal thirds. the roots were autoclaved and all subsequent steps were undertaken in a laminar flow chamber. the canals of 33 roots were obturated with ah plus sealer and gutta-percha. the root canal f ... | 2009 | 24031339 |
| antimicrobial and toxicological studies of some metal complexes of 4-methylpiperazine-1-carbodithioate and phenanthroline mixed ligands. | a few mixed ligand transition metal carbodithioate complexes of the general formula [m(4-mpipzcdt)x(phen)y]y (m = mn(ii), co(ii), zn(ii); 4-mpipzcdt = 4-methylpiperazine-1-carbodithioate; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; x = 1 and y = 2 when y = cl; x = 2 and y = 1 when y = nil) were synthesized and screened for their antimicrobial activity against candida albicans, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis by disk diffusion method. all the complexes ex ... | 2009 | 24031441 |
| first report of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis in uberaba, minas gerais state. | in this study we report the first isolation of vana-type vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis strains from two different patients hospitalized in the same intensive care unit at the hospital of universidade federal do triângulo mineiro (uftm), uberaba, minas gerais, brazil. | 2010 | 24031460 |
| effects of myrcia ovata cambess. essential oil on planktonic growth of gastrointestinal microorganisms and biofilm formation of enterococcus faecalis. | the essential oil from the leaves of myrcia ovata cambess., commonly used in brazil for the treatment of gastric illnesses, was screened for antimicrobial activity and action in the formation of microbial biofilms by enterococcus faecalis. the oil was obtained by hydrodistillation using a clevenger-type system. its chemical composition was analyzed using gc and gc-ms. both mic and mbc of the essential oil were determined by broth microdilution techniques and agar dilution method. the essential o ... | 2010 | 24031537 |
| antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants from the cerrado of the centralwestern region of brazil. | ethanol extracts from six selected species from the cerrado of the central-western region of brazil, which are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases and other medical conditions, namely erythroxylum suberosum st. hil. (erythroxylaceae), hyptis crenata pohl. ex benth. (lamiaceae), roupala brasiliensis klotz. (proteaceae), simarouba versicolor st. hil. (simaroubaceae), guazuma ulmifolia lam. (sterculiaceae) and protium heptaphyllum (aubl.) march. (burseraceae), as w ... | 2012 | 24031956 |
| development of a selective and differential medium for capsulated lactococcus garvieae. | a selective and differential medium termed 'lg agar' was developed for the isolation and presumptive identification of lactococcus garvieae that results in black colonies with red halos. in this study, all 14 strains of l. garvieae and only 9 of the 148 strains representing 38 other species were able to grow on the lg agar. the nine viable strains on lg agar plates (including enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, lactococcus lactis, vibrio fluvialis, vibrio furnissii, vibrio mimicus and v ... | 2014 | 24033791 |
| life-threatening bacteremia and pyonephrosis caused by enterococcus hirae. | 2013 | 24035432 | |
| microbiological quality of ready-to-eat salads: an underestimated vehicle of bacteria and clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes. | the increase demand for fresh vegetables is causing an expansion of the market for minimally processed vegetables along with new recognized food safety problems. to gain further insight on this topic we analyzed the microbiological quality of portuguese ready-to-eat salads (rts) and their role in the spread of bacteria carrying acquired antibiotic resistance genes, food products scarcely considered in surveillance studies. a total of 50 rts (7 brands; split or mixed leaves, carrot, corn) were co ... | 2013 | 24036261 |
| efficacy of peracetic acid in rapid disinfection of resilon and gutta-percha cones compared with sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and povidone-iodine. | the aim of this investigation was to compare the effectiveness of 3% sodium hypochlorite (naocl), 2% chlorhexidine, 1% peracetic acid, and 10% povidone-iodine in the rapid disinfection of resilon (pentron clinical technologies, llc, wallingford, ct) and gutta-percha cones contaminated with enterococcus faecalis and bacillus subtilis. | 2013 | 24041388 |
| dissemination of antibiotic resistant enterococcus spp. and escherichia coli from wild birds of azores archipelago. | antibiotic-resistant is profoundly important to human and animal health, but the environmental reservoirs of resistance determinants are poorly understood, in particular in wild environments in remote archipelagos. moreover, the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wild bird populations is rather unknown. in the present study, we used the azores islands as a model study for antimicrobial resistance in a remote archipelago, and examined the antibiotic resistance profile in enterococci a ... | 2013 | 24047647 |
| assessment of antimicrobial potential of 10% ginger extract against streptococcus mutans, candida albicans, and enterococcus faecalis: an in vitro study. | streptococcus mutans, candida albicans, and enterococcus faecalis are the three oral microorganisms most commonly implicated in the causation of oral infections. all these oral microorganisms have shown resistant to routinely used antimicrobials. there is a need for an antimicrobial agent which is effective, safe, and economical. zingiber officinale, commonly known as ginger is one such plant product which has been used from ancient time. it has been shown to possess promising inhibitory effect ... | 2013 | 24047828 |
| evaluation of the nanosphere verigene gram-positive blood culture assay with the versatrek blood culture system and assessment of possible impact on selected patients. | the verigene gram-positive blood culture (bc-gp) assay (nanosphere, northbrook, il) is a molecular method for the rapid identification of gram-positive organisms and resistance markers directly from blood culture bottles. a total of 148 versatrek redox 1 40-ml aerobic bottles demonstrating gram-positive bacteria were tested. results were compared with those from conventional biochemical and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) identifications. we obtained isolat ... | 2013 | 24048531 |
| enterococcal sex pheromones: signaling, social behavior, and evolution. | in enterococcus faecalis, lateral transfer of conjugative plasmids that encode antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants can be induced by peptide sex pheromones. the tetracycline-resistance plasmid pcf10 represents a paradigm for illustrating important conserved features of a large family of pheromone-responsive enterococcal plasmids. the pheromone is released into the growth medium by plasmid-free recipient cells and sensed by plasmid-containing donors. the activity of the pheromone is ... | 2013 | 24050179 |
| microwave assisted synthesis of dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones; synthesis, in vitro antimicrobial and anticancer activities of novel coumarin substituted dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones. | the present article describes the synthesis of dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one (2a-h) under microwave irradiation. the product was obtained in excellent yield (74-94%) in a shorter reaction time (2 min). these molecules (2a, b) further reacted with various substituted 4-bromomethylcoumarins (3a-f) to yield a new series of coumarin substituted dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones (4a-h). the structure of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral studies an ... | 2013 | 24056147 |
| bioactive nanofibrous scaffolds for regenerative endodontics. | here we report the synthesis, materials characterization, antimicrobial capacity, and cytocompatibility of novel antibiotic-containing scaffolds. metronidazole (met) or ciprofloxacin/(cip) was mixed with a polydioxanone (pds)polymer solution at 5 and 25 wt% and processed into fibers. pds fibers served as a control. scanning electron microscopy (sem), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), tensile testing, and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) were used to assess fiber morpho ... | 2013 | 24056225 |
| comparing the efficacy of hyper-pure chlorine-dioxide with other oral antiseptics on oral pathogen microorganisms and biofilm in vitro. | this study examines the antibacterial properties of sodium hypochlorite (naocl), chlorhexidine gluconate (chx), listerine®, and high purity chlorine dioxide (solumium, clo2) on selected common oral pathogen microorganisms and on dental biofilm in vitro. antimicrobial activity of oral antiseptics was compared to the gold standard phenol. we investigated streptococcus mutans, lactobacillus acidophilus, enterococcus faecalis, veillonella alcalescens, eikenella corrodens, actinobacillus actinomycete ... | 2013 | 24060558 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel 3,5-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazole incorporated 2-mercaptobenzothiazoles. | several 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives 5a-i containing 1,2,4-triazole moiety incorporating two additional substituents were synthesized. all the newly synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro activity against certain strains of bacteria such as enterococcus faecalis, bacillus coagulans, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli and candida albicans. compound 5a showed significant activity against the gram-negative bacteria escherichia coli. compounds 5a-i were also screened for their a ... | 2012 | 24061354 |
| antimicrobial property of extracts of indian lichen against human pathogenic bacteria. | context. usnea ghattensis g. awasthi (usneaceae) endemic fruticose lichen found growing luxuriantly in northern western ghats of india, it also contains usnic acid as a major chemical and tested against some human pathogenic bacteria. objective. to explore antimicrobial properties of usnea ghattensis against some human pathogenic bacteria. materials and methods. the lichen was extracted in acetone, methanol, and ethanol. in vitro antimicrobial activity was tested initially by kirby-bauer techniq ... | 2013 | 24062769 |
| basal levels of (p)ppgpp in enterococcus faecalis: the magic beyond the stringent response. | the stringent response (sr), mediated by the alarmone (p)ppgpp, is a conserved bacterial adaptation system controlling broad metabolic alterations necessary for survival under adverse conditions. in enterococcus faecalis, production of (p)ppgpp is controlled by the bifunctional protein rsh (for "rel spot homologue"; also known as rela) and by the monofunctional synthetase relq. previous characterization of e. faecalis strains lacking rsh, relq, or both revealed that rsh is responsible for activa ... | 2013 | 24065631 |
| technological characterisation, antibiotic susceptibility and antimicrobial activity of wild-type leuconostoc strains isolated from north italian traditional cheeses. | genotypic and technological properties, antibiotic susceptibility and antimicrobial activity of 35 leuconostoc strains, isolated from different italian raw milk cheeses, were investigated. rapd-pcr was used to study genetic variability and to distinguish closely related strains. the results showed a high degree of heterogeneity among isolates. all the strains had weak acidifying activity and showed low proteolytic and lipolytic activities. reduction activity, was generally low. all the leuconost ... | 2013 | 24067095 |
| an encapsulated drug delivery system for recalcitrant urinary tract infection. | one of the hallmarks of urinary tract infection, a serious global disease, is its tendency to recur. uropathogenic bacteria can invade cells lining the bladder, where they form longer-term intracellular reservoirs shielded from antibiotics, re-emerging at a later date to initiate flare-ups. in these cases, only lengthy systemic antibiotic treatment can eradicate all the reservoirs. yet, long courses of antibiotics are not ideal, as they can lead to side effects and an increase in antibiotic resi ... | 2013 | 24068180 |
| comparative analysis of tunisian wild crataegus azarolus (yellow azarole) and crataegus monogyna (red azarole) leaf, fruit, and traditionally derived syrup: phenolic profiles and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the aqueous-acetone extracts. | quantitative and qualitative analyses of the yellow and red azarole phenolic extracts prepared from leaf, fruit peel/pulp, and syrup were comparatively investigated. the yellow azarole was found significantly richer in polyphenols than the red-fruit species. hyperoside was the main phenolic in both yellow and red azarole leaves and only in yellow fruits, whereas procyanidin b2 was the major compound in red fruits. yellow azarole leaf and fruit peel extracts exhibited the strongest antioxidant ac ... | 2013 | 24070066 |
| molecular characterization of rifr mutations in enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium. | mutation rate is an important factor affecting the appearance and spread of acquired antibiotic resistance. the frequencies and types of enterococci mutations were determined in this study. the mics of rifampicin in enterococci and their rifampicin-resistant mutants were determined by the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) agar dilution method. the enterococcus faecalis isolates a15 and 18165 showed no significant differences in mutation frequencies or mutation rates. in enteroco ... | 2014 | 24070269 |
| evaluation of the toxicity and antimicrobial activity of hydroethanolic extract of arrabidaea chica (humb. & bonpl.) b. verl. | arrabidaea chica (bignoniaceae) is a vine native to the amazon rainforest, popularly known as "crajiru" and whose infusion and decoction of the leaves are used to treat diseases such as gastric ulcers, inflammations, infections, anemia, herpes, jaundice among others. it is also used as a natural dye. this work aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo toxicity, antimicrobial activity including analysis of chemical constitution of the hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of arrabidaea chica (hea ... | 2013 | 24070833 |
| emergence of enterococcus species in the infectious microorganisms cultured from patients with endophthalmitis in south korea. | to investigate the microorganisms in culture-proven endophthalmitis and their susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents commonly used in south korea. | 2014 | 24072645 |
| first isolation of oleate-dependent enterococcus faecalis small-colony variants from the umbilical exudate of a paediatric patient with omphalitis. | an oleate-dependent enterococcus faecalis isolate representing small-colony variants (scvs) was isolated from the umbilical exudate of a 31-month-old japanese male patient in nagano children's hospital, azumino, japan. the patient had been suffering from recurrent omphalitis since early infancy. the initial e. faecalis scv isolate formed small colonies on sheep blood agar plates and tiny colonies on chocolate and modified drigalski agar, although no visible growth was observed in hk-semi solid m ... | 2013 | 24072765 |
| enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis: focus on clinical aspects. | enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (ie) is a disease of increasing importance, with more patients infected, increasing frequency of health-care associated infections and increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistances. the typical clinical presentation is a subacute course with fever, malaise and generalized aches, difficult to distinguish from other more common diseases. of paramount importance is transthoracic- and transesophageal-echocardiography to establish the diagnosis. at the ... | 2013 | 24073680 |
| production of microbial medium from defatted brebra (milletia ferruginea) seed flour to substitute commercial peptone agar. | to investigate and optimize microbial media that substitute peptone agar using brebra seed defatted flour. | 2013 | 24075344 |
| new function of molybdenum trioxide nanoplates: toxicity towards pathogenic bacteria through membrane stress. | inorganic nanostructures are highly recognized for their potential use in the development of new functional materials for biomedical applications. in this study, we investigated the antibacterial efficiency of molybdenum trioxide (moo3) nanoplates against four types of pathogenic bacteria. moo3 nanoplates are synthesized by a simple wet chemical approach. x-ray diffraction and ft-ir analysis showed the presence of an orthorhombic phase of moo3 nanoplates. field emission scanning electron microsc ... | 2013 | 24075787 |
| microwave-assisted synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of ag/zno nanoparticles supported bentonite clay. | composites of silver-zinc oxide nanoparticles supported on bentonite clay were synthesized by the microwave-assisted synthesis method for use as an antibacterial material. silver nitrate was used as the precursor of silver nanoparticles while zinc oxide nanoparticles were commercially sourced. the composites were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (xrd), transmission electron microscope (tem), fourier transform infrared (ftir) and bet surface area measurements. xrd spectra showed peaks of ... | 2013 | 24076479 |
| antimicrobial activity of isothiocyanates (itcs) extracted from horseradish (armoracia rusticana) root against oral microorganisms. | the antimicrobial activity of isothiocyanates (itcs) extracted from horseradish root was investigated against oral microorganisms: 6 strains of facultative anaerobic bacteria, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sobrinus, lactobacillus casei, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis and aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; one strain of yeast, candida albicans, and 3 strains of anaerobic bacteria, fusobacterium nucleatum, prevotella nigrescens, and clostridium perfringens. the itcs extract ... | 2013 | 24077540 |
| icesluvan, a 94-kilobase mosaic integrative conjugative element conferring interspecies transfer of vanb-type glycopeptide resistance, a novel bacitracin resistance locus, and a toxin-antitoxin stabilization system. | a 94-kb integrative conjugative element (icesluvan) transferable to enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis from an animal isolate of streptococcus lutetiensis consists of a mosaic of genetic fragments from different gram-positive bacteria. a variant of icesluvan was confirmed in s. lutetiensis from a patient. a complete tn5382/tn1549 with a vanb2 operon is integrated into a streptococcal icesde3396-like region harboring a putative bacteriophage exclusion system, a putative agglutinin rec ... | 2013 | 24078615 |
| high-dose daptomycin therapy for left-sided infective endocarditis: a prospective study from the international collaboration on endocarditis. | the use of daptomycin in gram-positive left-sided infective endocarditis (ie) has significantly increased. the purpose of this study was to assess the influence of high-dose daptomycin on the outcome of left-sided ie due to gram-positive pathogens. this was a prospective cohort study based on 1,112 cases from the international collaboration on endocarditis (ice)-plus database and the ice-daptomycin substudy database from 2008 to 2010. among patients with left-sided ie due to staphylococcus aureu ... | 2013 | 24080644 |
| ireb, a ser/thr kinase substrate, influences antimicrobial resistance in enterococcus faecalis. | enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive bacterium that is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections, in part due to its intrinsic resistance to cephalosporins. the mechanism that confers intrinsic cephalosporin resistance in enterococci remains incompletely defined. previously, we have shown that the ser/thr protein kinase and phosphatase pair irek and irep act antagonistically to regulate cephalosporin resistance in e. faecalis. we hypothesize that irek senses antibiotic-induced cell wall ... | 2013 | 24080657 |
| protection of enterococcus faecalis in mixed cultures with carbapenemase-producing escherichia coli and bacteroide fragilis: effect of the bacterial load. | this study explores effects of ph and inoculum size on imipenem versus tigecycline activity against e. coli, b. fragilis and e. faecalis, both in individual and mixed cultures. | 2013 | 24080888 |
| antibacterial efficacy of mangifera indica l. kernel and ocimum sanctum l. leaves against enterococcus faecalis dentinal biofilm. | the enterococcus faecalis biofilm in the root canal makes it difficult to be eradicated by the conventional irrigants with no toxicity to the tissues. hence, plant products with least side effects are explored for their use as irrigants in the root canal therapy. | 2013 | 24082577 |
| antimicrobial effects of ah26 sealer/antibiotic combinations against enterococcus faecalis. | the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of two antibiotics added to ah26 sealer against enterococcus faecalis (ef). | 2008 | 24082901 |
| the two functional enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductases of enterococcus faecalis do not mediate triclosan resistance. | enoyl-acyl carrier protein (enoyl-acp) reductase catalyzes the last step of the elongation cycle in the synthesis of bacterial fatty acids. the enterococcus faecalis genome contains two genes annotated as enoyl-acp reductases, a fabi-type enoyl-acp reductase and a fabk-type enoyl-acp reductase. we report that expression of either of the two proteins restores growth of an escherichia coli fabi temperature-sensitive mutant strain under nonpermissive conditions. in vitro assays demonstrated that bo ... | 2013 | 24085780 |
| enhanced expression of fucosyl ga1 in the digestive tract of immune-deficient scid, nude and pigr(-/-) mice. | fucosylation of ga1 in murine intestinal epithelia occurs through transcriptional induction of α1,2-fucosyltransferase along with bacterial infection, but the mechanism has not been clearly characterized as to whether it is induced as a result of an immune response to bacteria or of genetic manipulation of the host by bacteria. accordingly, we analysed the expression of fucosyl ga1 (fga1) and fucosyltransferase activity in the digestive tracts of immune-deficient scid, nude and pigr(-/-) mice. i ... | 2013 | 24089533 |
| in vitro efficacy of various topical antimicrobial agents in different time periods from contamination to application against 6 multidrug-resistant bacterial strains isolated from burn patients. | in vitro efficacy evaluation of eleven topical antimicrobials against multidrug-resistant (mdr) bacteria isolated from burn wounds of our patients. | 2014 | 24091332 |
| solidago, orthosiphon, birch and cranberry extracts can decrease microbial colonization and biofilm development in indwelling urinary catheter: a microbiologic and ultrastructural pilot study. | plants extracts are used in urology to manage urinary tract infections. we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a preparation with solidago, orthosiphon, birch and cranberry extracts (cistimev plus(®)) in reducing microbial colonization and biofilm development in patients with indwelling urinary catheters. | 2014 | 24092275 |
| a current perspective on daptomycin for the clinical microbiologist. | daptomycin is a lipopeptide antimicrobial with in vitro bactericidal activity against gram-positive bacteria that was first approved for clinical use in 2004 in the united states. since this time, significant data have emerged regarding the use of daptomycin for the treatment of serious infections, such as bacteremia and endocarditis, caused by gram-positive pathogens. however, there are also increasing reports of daptomycin nonsusceptibility, in staphylococcus aureus and, in particular, enteroc ... | 2013 | 24092854 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) consist mainly of enterococcus faecalis and e faecium, the latter mostly hospital-acquired. in addition, e gallinarum and e casseliflavus are intrinsically vancomycin-resistant and are community-acquired. vre have become common in many hospitals throughout the world and, once established, are very difficult to eradicate. vre are difficult to treat; therefore, infection control measures in hospitals are of prime importance in preventing the establishment of ... | 2013 | 24094380 |
| antibacterial effects of curcumin: an in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration study. | to evaluate the antibacterial effect of curcumin with the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) method in standard bacterial strains. | 2016 | 24097361 |
| [analysis of resistance tendency of bloodstream-infecting pathogens in china]. | to investigate the resistance profiles and the trend of bloodstream-infecting pathogens isolated from hospitalized patients during 2004-2010. | 2013 | 24103203 |
| isolation and partial characterization of bacteria (pseudoalteromonas sp.) with potential antibacterial activity from a marine costal environment from new caledonia. | marine bacteria are a rich source of bioactive metabolites. however, the microbial diversity of marine ecosystem still needs to be explored. the aim of this study was to isolate and characterize bacteria with antimicrobial activities from various marine coastal environment of new caledonia. we obtained 493 marine isolates from various environments and samples of which 63 (12.8%) presented an antibacterial activity against a panel of reference pathogenic strains (staphylococcus aureus, pseudomona ... | 2014 | 24106876 |
| apical extrusion of bacteria when using reciprocating single-file and rotary multifile instrumentation systems. | to evaluate ex vivo, apical bacterial extrusion associated with two reciprocating single-file systems (waveone and reciproc) compared with a conventional multifile rotary system (biorace). | 2014 | 24111671 |
| biocide and copper tolerance in enterococci from different sources. | antimicrobial resistance in enterococci is a matter of concern. a collection of 272 strains (including 107 enterococcus faecalis and 165 enterococcus faecium strains) isolated from meat and dairy products, seafood, vegetable foods, wildflowers, animal feces (ewe, goat, horse, mule), and hospitals were tested for sensitivity to biocides of different classes (quaternary ammonium compounds, a bisphenol, and a biguanide) and copper sulfate. most isolates were inhibited at 25 mg of benzalkonium chlor ... | 2013 | 24112585 |