Publications

c-reactive protein and coronary disease.		1999	10539837
role of infections in atherosclerosis.	a growing amount of epidemiologic, experimental, and clinical evidence has linked infection as a risk factor to variousatherosclerotic diseases including acute myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction. bacteremic infections with and without endocarditis carry a high risk for both stroke and acute myocardial infarction. during the last decade, chronic bacterial infections such as chlamydia pneumoniae and dental infections have been associated as risk factors for various atherosclerotic disea ...	1999	10539842
coronary heart disease, helicobacter pylori, dental disease, chlamydia pneumoniae, and cytomegalovirus: meta-analyses of prospective studies.		1999	10539843
molecular mediators of arterial inflammation: a role for microbial products?		1999	10539846
chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis: links to the disease process.	chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular prokaryotic human pathogen responsible for a significant portion of atypical pneumonia and associated with a variety of chronic sequelae, the most significant of which is atherosclerosis. the organism is endowed with several attributes that may contribute to the development of atherosclerotic lesions or promote tissue damage at the site of an existing lesion. two key events that are directly involved in the atherogenic process include the develop ...	1999	10539855
molecular biology of chlamydia pneumoniae surface proteins and their role in immunopathogenicity.	the association of chlamydia pneumoniae with the development of atherosclerosis is based on serology and on detection of c pneumoniae-specific dna by polymerase chain reaction in the atheromas.	1999	10539856
pathologic manifestation of chlamydial infection.		1999	10539857
epidemiology of chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerosis.	chlamydia pneumoniae is a common, ubiquitous respiratory tract agent causing, apart from upper respiratory tract infections, approximately 10% of all pneumonias worldwide. antibody prevalence starts to rise early in life in the developing countries, but in industrialized countries they only begin to rise when the children start school. in early adulthood, antibody prevalence reaches approximately 50%, with men having greater prevalence than women. this prevalence rises toward old age. the pitfal ...	1999	10539858
interaction of chlamydia pneumoniae infection with other risk factors of atherosclerosis.	seroepidemiologic studies have provided information on the interaction of chlamydia pneumoniae with other known risk factors of coronary heart disease. c pneumoniae infection appears to be more common in smokers than in nonsmokers, suggesting that smoking predisposes to the development of chronic c pneumoniae infection.	1999	10539859
in vitro infection and pathogenesis of chlamydia pneumoniae in endovascular cells.	the strength of the epidemiologic and clinical associations of chlamydia pneumoniae with atherosclerosis can be increased by the demonstration that c pneumoniae can initiate and sustain growth in human vascular cells as well as in animal models. to investigate the biological basis for the dissemination and proliferation of this organism in vascular cells, the in vitro growth of c pneumoniae was studied in 2 macrophage cell lines, peripheral blood monocyte (pbmc)-derived macrophages, human bronch ...	1999	10539860
value of animal models for chlamydia pneumoniae-related atherosclerosis.	chlamydia pneumoniae is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in human beings. animal models are important to help establish causality, to understand the mechanism of infection induced atherogenesis, to examine interaction of other factors or variables, to explore treatment regimens and their efficacy, and to help develop a vaccine for prevention. to date, the rabbit model is the only animal model shown to develop de novo atherosclerotic changes with c pneumoniae infection. ...	1999	10539861
animal models of chlamydia and atherosclerosis.		1999	10539862
mouse models of chlamydia pneumoniae infection and atherosclerosis.		1999	10539863
multiple infections in carotid atherosclerotic plaques.	chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and recently, periodontal disease, have been associated with human atherosclerosis. porphyromonas gingivalis and streptococcus sanguis are major pathogens associated with periodontitis, a common chronic inflammatory condition in adults. investigators have found that these infectious agents may influence vascular cell functions by inducing thrombus formation, vascular cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell death.	1999	10539867
emerging role of antibiotics in atherosclerosis.	it has been shown that plaque composition changes significantly in the setting of acute events, macrophages and t cells being the predominant pattern at the immediate site of fissure or erosion. there appears to be a relation between physical blood stream factors, plaque morphology, and the distribution of inflammatory cells. furthermore, there is cumulative evidence for the presence of intracellular pathogens in the arterial wall, namely chlamydia pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus, which affect en ...	1999	10539868
chlamydia pneumoniae, monocyte activation, and azithromycin in coronary heart disease.		1999	10539869
wizard and the design of trials for secondary prevention of atherosclerosis with antibiotics.	clinical trials to assess the merit of antibiotic intervention in the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular disease are now underway, spurred on by an association between chlamydia pneumoniae and atherogenesis noted in epidemiologic investigations, histopathologic studies, and results from various animal models. the design of such clinical trials must take into account a number of issues: the primary event as strictly defined by objective criteria, the event rate in the chosen population, the pot ...	1999	10539870
secondary prevention trials for coronary artery disease with antibiotic treatment for chlamydia pneumoniae: design issues.		1999	10539871
fulfillment of koch's postulates and the causes of atherosclerosis.		1999	10539872
how to design studies to confirm a link between bacterial infection and atherosclerosis.		1999	10539873
design of future intervention studies for chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerosis.		1999	10539875
conclusions.		1999	10539877
chlamydia pneumoniae, asthma, and copd: what is the evidence?	reading this article will familiarize the reader with (1) the unique chlamydial intracellular life cycle and the propensity for human chlamydial infections to become persistent and to result in immunopathologic (inflammatory) damage in target organs and (2) current evidence linking chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) infection to obstructive lung diseases (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, copd). potential therapeutic implications of the cpn-asthma association are also discussed.	1999	10541419
in vitro activities of gemifloxacin (sb 265805, lb20304) against recent clinical isolates of chlamydia pneumoniae.	we compared the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, a new quinolone antibiotic, to the activities of levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, trovafloxacin, erythromycin, and doxycycline against 20 isolates of chlamydia pneumoniae. gemifloxacin was the most active quinolone tested, with a mic at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited and a minimal bactericidal concentration at which 90% of strains tested are killed of 0.25 microg/ml, but this activity was less than those of doxycycline and erythromycin.	1999	10543770
analysis of the humoral immune response to chlamydia pneumoniae by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation.	chlamydia pneumoniae is a widely spread agent of respiratory tract infections in humans. a reliable serodiagnosis of the disease is hampered by the poor knowledge about immunodominant antigens in c. pneumoniae infections. we applied a novel strategy to identify immunogenic proteins of c. pneumoniae tw183 combining metabolic radiolabeling of de novo-synthesized chlamydial antigens with immunoprecipitation. by this technique c. pneumoniae antigens of approximately 160, 97 to 99, 60 to 62, 40, 27, ...	1999	10548570
can an antibiotic (macrolide) prevent chlamydia pneumoniae-induced atherosclerosis in a rabbit model?	there is increasing data implicating chlamydia pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and antibiotics may theoretically be useful to prevent secondary vascular complications. three groups of new zealand white specific-pathogen-free rabbits, fed cholesterol-free chow, were inoculated via the nasopharynx on three occasions, 2 weeks apart, with c. pneumoniae. group i (n = 23) rabbits were untreated; group ii (n = 24) rabbits were treated with azithromycin at 30 mg/kg of body weight dail ...	1999	10548582
sézary t-cell activating factor is a chlamydia pneumoniae-associated protein.	we previously identified a protein that was stimulatory for malignant sézary t cells, termed sézary t-cell activating factor (saf). however, the identity of this protein has not been fully elucidated, nor has it's role been determined in the pathogenesis of cutaneous t-cell lymphoma (ctcl). the basis for epidermotropism and proliferation of malignant cells in the skin of patients with ctcl is unknown. using a monoclonal antibody inhibitory for saf activity, we demonstrated that saf is present in ...	1999	10548583
chlamydia pneumoniae eradication from carotid plaques. results of an open, randomised treatment study.	to determine the effect of specific antibiotic treatment with roxithromycin in the eradication of chlamydia pneumoniae from carotid artery plaques.	1999	10550273
circulating chlamydia pneumoniae dna as a predictor of coronary artery disease.	to determine whether current vascular chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) infection as diagnosed by circulating cpn dna is more common in subjects with coronary artery disease (cad).	1999	10551689
chlamydia pneumoniae infection and coronary artery disease.		1999	10551690
activity of quinolones against chlamydia pneumoniae.	quinolones are currently being used as empirical therapy for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and other respiratory infections as they cover a broad range of conventional bacterial and 'atypical' pathogens, including chlamydia pneumoniae. c. pneumoniae has been associated with 10 to 20% of community-acquired pneumonia in adults and recently has been implicated as being associated with several nonrespiratory conditions, including atherosclerosis. however, data on the treatment of eve ...	1999	10553711
the possible role of infections in acute myocardial infarction.	cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary heart disease (chd) and myocardial infarction (mi), are among the leading causes for morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries [2, 77]. during the past decades, various clinical or lifestyle risk factors for myocardial infarction such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, lack of physical exercise and smoking have been identified. however, it is also recognized that these well-documented risk factors do not sufficiently account for all ...	1999	10554674
enhancement of antibody responses by dna immunization using expression vectors mediating efficient antigen secretion.	the immune responses elicited in mice, after intradermal (i.d.) immunization with plasmids encoding secreted or intracellular forms of hiv-1 nef, hiv-1 tat or c. pneumoniae omp2 proteins, respectively, were compared. to mediate secretion of these proteins the genes were fused to a heterologous signal sequence from murine heavy chain igg. the nef- and omp2-specific antibody responses were dramatically increased when mice were inoculated with the plasmid encoding the secreted form of these protein ...	1999	10556549
chlamydia pneumoniae dna detection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is predictive of vascular infection.	abdominal aortic aneurysm tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of 41 consecutive subjects undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and helicobacter pylori dna. twenty patients (49%) were positive for c. pneumoniae dna-16 (39%) in both pbmc and aneurysm tissue, 3 (7.3%) in pbmc only, and 1 (2.4%) in the artery specimen only. previous exposure to c. pneumoniae was c ...	1999	10558974
chlamydia pneumoniae in abdominal aortic aneurysms: abundance of membrane components in the absence of heat shock protein 60 and dna.	in this article, we describe the results of a comparative study for the detection of chlamydia pneumoniae in abdominal aortic aneurysm specimens of 19 patients through the use of immunocytochemistry (icc), in situ hybridization (ish), and polymerase chain reaction (pcr), along with the detection of cytomegalovirus (cmv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) by icc and pcr. c pneumoniae-specific membrane protein was detected in specimens of all 19 (100%; 95% confidence interval [ci] 82% to 100%) and of ...	1999	10559011
chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis.		1999	10560368
[can or should acute asthma exacerbations be treated with macrolides?].		1999	10562668
failure to detect chlamydia pneumoniae in brain tissues of alzheimer's disease.		1999	10563652
molecular diagnosis of chlamydia pneumoniae infection.		1999	10565886
[chlamydiae--still new surprises].	a review on participation of chlamydiae in the origin of the hiv-infection, carcinoma and atherosclerosis. the antibodies against the newly discovered pgp3 protein of c. trachomatis were found in 83-87% of the seropositive hiv patients. the participation of c. trachomatis in the etiology of cervical and ovarian carcinoma has been discussed in a number of articles. simultaneous examinations along different lines allow the hypothesis, that c. trachomatis acts as a cofactor in the development of ov ...	1999	10566217
the role of chlamydia in coronary heart disease-fact or fiction?		1999	10570071
improvement in lipid and haemostasis patterns after helicobacter pylori infection eradication in type 1 diabetic patients.	helicobacter pylori has been implicated in the cardiovascular risk of diabetic patients. the aim of our study was to investigate whether the helicobacter pylori infection plays a role in the lipid and haemostasis patterns of type 1 diabetic patients. twenty nine patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and h. pylori infection were enrolled (chlamydia pneumoniae negative). the h. pylori infection status was assessed by serology and urease breath test. in all patients levels of total cholesterol, tr ...	1999	10578022
multiplex pcr for rapid and differential diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae in respiratory infections.	a duplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed for the simultaneous detection of chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae. a study of 163 respiratory specimens from in-patients of the "centre hospitalier et universitaire de nancy" showed the good sensitivity of this duplex pcr allowing the detection of c. pneumoniae and m. pneumoniae from 8 and 13 patients, respectively, whereas the culture was negative for c. pneumoniae for all the samples and positive for m. pneumoniae only in 9 ...	1999	10579089
[association between chlamydial infection and coronary artery disease].	recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated the association between chlamydia pneumoniae infection and coronary atherosclerosis. however, the relationship is less clear in the japanese population. serum iga and igg antibodies to chlamydia-specific lipopolysaccharide were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 152 consecutive patients(112 males, 40 females, mean age 57 years)who underwent coronary angiography. patients(n = 123)with coronary artery disease(cad)were defined as having ...	1999	10579134
computational analysis of the polymorphic membrane protein superfamily of chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia pneumoniae.	whole sequence genome analysis is invaluable in providing complete profiles of related proteins and gene families. the genome sequences of the obligate intracellular bacteria chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia pneumoniae both encode proteins with similarity to several 90-kda chlamydia psittaci proteins. these proteins are members of a large superfamily, c. trachomatis with 9 members and c. pneumoniae with 21 members. all polymorphic membrane protein (pmp) are heterogeneous, both in amino acid s ...	1999	10587946
in-vitro activity of gatifloxacin against chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia pneumoniae.	we compared the activity of gatifloxacin, a new quinolone, ofloxacin and erythromycin against five isolates of chlamydia trachomatis and 20 isolates of chlamydia pneumoniae, including tw183 and clinical isolates from the usa and japan. testing was done in cycloheximide-treated hep-2 cells. gatifloxacin was slightly less active against c. trachomatis and slightly more active against c. pneumoniae than ofloxacin, with mics at which 90% of the isolates had no inclusions and minimal chlamydicidal co ...	1999	10588319
concentrations of moxifloxacin in serum and pulmonary compartments following a single 400 mg oral dose in patients undergoing fibre-optic bronchoscopy.	the concentrations of moxifloxacin achieved after a single 400 mg dose were measured in serum, epithelial lining fluid (elf), alveolar macrophages (am) and bronchial mucosa (bm). concentrations were determined using a microbiological assay. nineteen patients undergoing fibre-optic bronchoscopy were studied. mean serum, elf, am and bm concentrations at 2.2, 12 and 24 h were as follows: 2.2 h: 3.2 mg/l, 20.7 mg/l, 56.7 mg/l, 5.4 mg/kg; 12 h: 1.1 mg/l, 5.9 mg/l, 54.1 mg/l, 2.0 mg/kg; 24 h: 0.5 mg/l ...	1999	10590288
[respiratory tract infections triggering bronchial asthma attacks--with special reference to the involvement of chlamydia pneumoniae].		1999	10590540
antibiotic use and risk of myocardial infarction.		1999	10591378
chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis.		1999	10591391
relation of c pneumoniae antibodies to ischaemic heart disease. why were samples weakly positive for igg antibodies not tested for iga antibodies?		1999	10591734
[towards chlamydia pneumoniae vaccination].		1996	10592967
characterization of low-density lipoprotein uptake by murine macrophages exposed to chlamydia pneumoniae.	exposure to chlamydia pneumoniae is correlated with atherosclerosis in a variety of clinical and epidemiological studies, but how the organism may initiate and promote the disease is poorly understood. one pathogenic mechanism could involve modulation of macrophage function by c. pneumoniae. we recently demonstrated that c. pneumoniae induces macrophages to accumulate excess cholesterol and develop into foam cells, the hallmark of early atherosclerotic lesions. to determine if c. pneumoniae-indu ...	1999	10602673
[community-acquired respiratory tract infections. current data on the efficacy of various classes of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance of the main prevalent bacteria species].	the american thoracic society regards fluoroquinolones together with macrolides and doxycycline as first choice antibiotics in the empirical treatment of community acquired pneumoniae in non-hospitalized patients, while the deutsche gesellschaft für pneumology only recommends macrolides and doxycycline for these patients.	1999	10603732
[chlamydia pneumoniae--a pathogen with cardiovascular significance].		1999	10605419
[persistence of chlamydia pneumoniae in coronary plaque tissue. a contribution to infection and immune hypothesis in unstable angina pectoris].	there is an increasing number of pointers towards a causative connection between chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis. but the pathogenetic mechanism and intimal structures that are involved remain unclear. starting with the hypothesis of a chronic infection, as demonstrated by the presence of the chlamydial stress (heat-shock) protein 60 (hsp 60), the presence and localization of these bacterial products in coronary atheromas was investigated.	1999	10605420
serological evidence of chlamydia pneumoniae lipopolysaccharide antibodies in atherosclerosis of various vascular regions.	the role of chlamydia pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has so far mainly been investigated in patients suffering from coronary heart disease; the other vascular regions have virtually been ignored. the aim of this study was to carry out a statistical survey of serological markers of a c. pneumoniae infection in patients with different patterns of atherosclerosis manifestation.	1999	10611843
[chlamydia pneumoniae and asthma].		1999	10614091
microbial aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised patients.	adult patients hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia were studied prospectively to determine the microbial aetiology of pneumonia. between april 1996 and march 1997, blood and sputum samples were collected for culture. throat swabs were obtained for isolation of viruses and for detection of antigens of chlamydia pneumoniae, influenza viruses a and b, respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus. antibodies against legionella spp., mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, chla ...	1999	10614951
acute glomerulonephritis associated with pneumonia: a possible chlamydia pneumoniae etiology?		1999	10618895
severe meningoencephalitis: an unusual manifestation of chlamydia pneumoniae infection.		2000	10619758
chronic infections and coronary heart disease.	the rapidly changing patterns of coronary heart disease (chd) prevalence and presentation fail to be explained by conventional cardiovascular risk factors alone. an infectious basis to atherosclerosis may, at least in part, be contributing to the variable rates of prevalence of chd in different parts of the world. the evidence for such an association appears to be strongest for chlamydia pneumoniae. results of recent anti-chlamydia antibiotic intervention pilot studies have renewed interest in t ...	1999	10622075
does chlamydia pneumoniae play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis?		2000	10628821
the role of chlamydia pneumoniae in cardiovascular disease.		2000	10635048
[the studying of chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerosis].		1999	10635643
failure to detect chlamydia pneumoniae in the central nervous system of patients with ms.		2000	10636169
seropositivity to chlamydial lipopolysaccharide and chlamydia pneumoniae, systemic inflammation and stable coronary artery disease: negative results of a case-control study.	we investigated the association between seropositivity to chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (clps) or chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) and angiographically documented coronary artery disease (cad), and we examined the relationship between serostatus and markers of systemic inflammation.	2000	10636268
the progression of lower limb atherosclerosis is associated with iga antibodies against chlamydia pneumoniae.	to study the influence of serologically diagnosed chronic infection with chlamydia pneumoniae on the progression of lower limb atherosclerosis in a group of disposed men.	1999	10637151
association of serology with the endovascular presence of chlamydia pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus in coronary artery and vein graft disease.	chemotherapeutic treatment for patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease to reduce cardiovascular events may be initiated in response to elevated antibody titers against chlamydia pneumoniae or cytomegalovirus. how antibody titers are associated with the endovascular presence of these microorganisms is still unclear.	2000	10637199
[acute respiratory chlamydia pneumoniae infections in adults. value of direct gene amplification diagnosis].	chlamydia pneumoniae has been established recently as an important human respiratory pathogen. the aim of this study was to define the incidence of chlamydia pneumoniae in acute respiratory infections by evaluating its presence in posterior nasopharyngeal aspirates or broncho-alveolar lavage specimens by polymerase chain reaction-hybridization (pcr-eia) as well as the titres of specific antibodies in serum by a relisa test and a micro-immunofluorescence (mif) test. 68 adults patients were invest ...	1999	10637911
[chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis].	there is widespread consensus that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. between possible pathogenetic mechanisms, infective hypothesis has received increasing attention. researches have recently focused their attention on the role of chlamydia pneumoniae, a gram-negative intracellular organism, as infection by this bacterium has been demonstrated frequently associated with atherosclerosis. this review attempts to analyze and critically evaluate available data of the literature about the a ...	1999	10638018
bacterial pneumonia.	bacterial pneumonia is significantly more common in persons who are hiv-infected than in the general population and is most common among injection drug users and in persons with advanced hiv disease and immunosuppression. the clinical features of bacterial pneumonia are similar to those in hiv-seronegative persons, but bacteremia is more common. when a pathogen is identified, streptococcus pneumoniae is consistently the most common, occurring in 20% to 70% of cases. haemophilus influenzae, staph ...	1999	10638512
acquired immunity to chlamydia pneumoniae is dependent on gamma interferon in two mouse strains that initially differ in this respect after primary challenge.	the role of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) in a chlamydia pneumoniae mouse model was studied by in vivo neutralization in two inbred mouse strains. during primary c. pneumoniae infection, neutralization of ifn-gamma increased both the numbers of bacteria and the pneumonia score in the lungs of c57bl/6 mice but not balb/c mice. during reinfection, the bacterial counts in the lungs were increased by ifn-gamma neutralization in both mouse strains. thus, the effect of ifn-gamma neutralization was depe ...	2000	10639472
helicobacter pylori, chlamydia pneumoniae, and cytomegalovirus: chronic infections and coronary heart disease.	we conducted a medline search of the english-language literature from 1966-1999 on the association of chronic infections with helicobacter pylori, chlamydia pneumoniae, and cytomegalovirus (cmv) with coronary heart disease (chd); additional literature was retrieved from references of selected articles. all human studies were included. abstracts were excluded because of limited data. chronic infections in chd are speculated to be due to serum antibody concentrations of one or more of the three or ...	2000	10641975
pyoderma gangrenosum and chlamydia pneumoniae infection in a diabetic man: pathogenic role or coincidence?	chlamydia pneumoniae is not a known cause of skin infections, but unusual pathogens cause chronic infections in diabetic patients. multiple idiopathic pyoderma gangrenosum-like (pg-like) lesions were refractory to multiple therapeutic agents in a diabetic patient who had c pneumoniae identified by serologic tests and polymerase chain reaction. based on complete resolution by prolonged anti-chlamydial antibiotic therapy and concomitant decrease in serologic and titers determined by polymerase cha ...	2000	10642692
evaluation of two serological tests for the diagnosis of chlamydial respiratory disease.	serological tests for chlamydial infection are one of the most frequently used methods in the diagnosis of atypical respiratory infections. use of serological tests has implicated chlamydial infections in asthma, arthritis and coronary heart disease, but the specificity of chlamydial serology tests has been questioned. the immunofluorescence test is the most sensitive and specific serological test available for detection of chlamydial antibodies. this study compares two commercially available im ...	1999	10643015
[role of chlamydia pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of coronary disease].	several studies have demonstrated an association chlamydia pneumoniae with coronary artery disease, suggesting that infection with c. pneumoniae increases the risk for coronary artery disease by factor 2 or more. since atherosclerosis is considered to be a chronic inflammatory process, these data would fit into the response-to-injury hypothesis of atherosclerosis rather than representing a completely novel concept. several pathomechanisms as increased cytokine synthesis, proliferative and proagg ...	1999	10643056
lack of association between kawasaki syndrome and chlamydia pneumoniae infection: an investigation of a kawasaki syndrome cluster in san diego county.	the etiology of kawasaki syndrome (ks), the leading cause of acquired coronary artery disease in children, is unknown. recent studies have suggested that chlamydia pneumoniae, a common respiratory pathogen associated with an increased risk of heart disease, might lead to ks.	2000	10643845
chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis: what we know and what we don't know.		2000	10643855
newer pediatric pathogens.	newer laboratory techniques have allowed the detection of previously unrecognized microbial agents that are now pathogenic in children, as well as newly recognized manifestations of previously known pathogens. clinical reports of these newer agents or manifestations are reviewed so that pediatricians can become familiar with these emerging infectious diseases. physicians need to consider these organisms in the differential diagnosis in appropriate clinical illnesses.	1999	10645465
infections, inflammation, and the risk of coronary heart disease.	the role of infections and inflammation in the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease is emerging. we studied the independent and joint effects of these 2 components on coronary risk.	2000	10645920
food antigens and atherosclerosis.		2000	10645988
vaccination against infections by chlamydia pneumoniae.	chlamydia pneumoniae is an intracellularly growing bacterium that causes respiratory infections and is strongly associated with atherosclerosis. antibodies against c. pneumoniae are frequently encountered in the adult population, indicating past exposure to the micro-organism. immunity to reinfection is, however, only partial and does not prevent development of sequelae. infections caused by and associated with c. pneumoniae are a major cause of morbidity and mortality world wide. development of ...	1999	10646092
environmental factors in myositis.		2000	10648055
[secondary prevention of atherosclerosis].	secondary prevention of ischaemic diseases due to atherosclerosis, whatever their initial territory, relies on 2 drug classes: antiplatelet agents (mainly aspirin) and statins. despite the proven benefit of these medications on cardiovascular morbidity and life expectancy they are underprescribed. other drugs (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, antibiotics active against chlamydia pneumoniae) may soon increase our present therapeutic resources.	1999	10649648
relation of c pneumoniae antibodies to ischaemic heart disease. finnish study finds significant association between raised igg, but not iga, titres and mortality.		1999	10651478
effect of a mycoplasma hominis-like mycoplasma on the infection of hep-2 cells by the tw-183 strain of chlamydia pneumoniae.	we isolated a mycoplasma hominis-like mycoplasma from a stock culture of chlamydia pneumoniae tw-183 obtained from the american type culture collection and eradicated the contaminant by treating the stock suspension with a nonionic detergent, igepal ca-630. the m. hominis-like mycoplasma neither inhibits nor enhances the infectivity of c. pneumoniae for hep-2 cells.	2000	10655399
failure to detect chlamydia pneumoniae in brain sections of alzheimer's disease patients.	a recent north american study detected chlamydia pneumoniae in 17 of 19 brains of alzheimer's patients and supposed a c. pneumoniae infection to be a risk factor for alzheimer's disease (ad). in this study, we analyzed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 20 ad patients by nested pcr and immunocytochemistry with a panel of antichlamydial antibodies and could detect neither c. pneumoniae-specific dna nor chlamydial antigens. from our data, the presence of c. pneumoniae in the brains of alzheimer's ...	2000	10655406
[chlamydia pneumoniae infection and mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in pediatric patients].	we evaluated a total of 1104 pediatric patients with acute lower respiratory tract infection for c. pneumoniae infection and m. pneumoniae infection by serology during july 1995 to december 1998. a microimmunofluorescence test was used for diagnosis of c. pneumoniae infection and a high density particle agglutination test for that of m. pneumoniae infection. acute c. pneumoniae infection was found in 149 patients (13.5%), acute m. pneumoniae infection in 118 patients (10.7%), and dual infection ...	1999	10655676
association of chlamydia pneumoniae infection with diabetic nephropathy.	we evaluated the association of chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) infection with progression of diabetic nephropathy. type 2 diabetic patients (60) were divided into two groups, those with incipient nephropathy and those with advanced nephropathy, based on the severity of diffuse glomerular lesions using gellman's criteria. type 2 (34) diabetic patients without nephropathy (normoalbuminuria) and 59 nondiabetics served as control groups. serum igg-antibody against cp was measured using elisa. cp antibody ...	2000	10660220
a novel superfamily of predicted cysteine proteases from eukaryotes, viruses and chlamydia pneumoniae.		2000	10664582
chlamydia pneumoniae-induced transactivation of the major immediate early promoter of cytomegalovirus: potential synergy of infectious agents in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.	both cytomegalovirus (cmv) and chlamydia pneumoniae have been associated with atherosclerosis. cmv is believed to exist in host tissues in a latent state with periodic reactivation. this study was designed to determine whether c. pneumoniae infection stimulates the expression of cmv genes. transactivation of the cmv major immediate early promoter (miep) is essential for viral gene expression and viral replication. hela cells were transfected with a construct containing a reporter gene (chloramph ...	2000	10669378
characteristics and prognosis of myocardial infarction in patients with normal coronary arteries.	myocardial infarction with angiographically normal coronary arteries (minc) is a life-threatening event with many open questions for physicians and patients. there are little data concerning the prognosis for patients with minc.	2000	10669671
community-acquired chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia.		2000	10669723
lack of correlation between chlamydia pneumoniae antibody titers and adult-onset asthma.		2000	10669864
[helicobacter pylori, chlamydia pneumoniae, reactive c protein, and cerebrovascular diseases].		1999	10670238
acellular components of chlamydia pneumoniae stimulate cytokine production in human blood mononuclear cells.	accumulating evidence suggest that infection with chlamydia pneumoniae is associated with atherosclerosis, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. inflammation is important in the initial phase of atherogenesis, and cytokines are important in the initiation and progression of inflammation. the aim of this study was to assess the capacity of acellular components of c. pneumoniae to stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. peripheral blood mononuclear cells were s ...	2000	10671210
chlamydia pneumoniae serology, lung function decline, and treatment for respiratory disease.	associations have been reported between chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity and both acute and chronic obstructive airway diseases. plasma specimens collected between 1979 and 1983 from 1, 773 men 45 to 59 yr of age in caerphilly, south wales, were tested for igg and iga antibodies to c. pneumoniae (tw183) by microimmunofluorescence. subsequent mortality and medication for obstructive airway disease were ascertained at 5-yr follow-up examinations. spirometry was performed at the first and second ...	2000	10673191
[preliminary study on chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia].	in order to know the incidence of chlamydia pneumoniae (strain twar) pneumonia and its clinical features, 93 patients with pneumonia and 93 matched patients with non-respiratory diseases were studied. twar antibodies (igg and igm) were detected by microimmunofluorescence (mif) test. the results showed that 19.4% (18 cases) patients with pneumonia were twar pneumonia, in which 10 cases accompanied by bacteria infection and 7 cases being simple twar pneumonia. there were no significant differences ...	1998	10681804
allergen and irritant control: importance and implementation.	the expert panel report 2. guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma (1) begins its section on controlling factors that precipitate or worsen asthma with the statement: "for successful long-term asthma management, it is essential to identify and reduce exposures to relevant allergens and irritants and to control other factors that have been shown to increase asthma symptoms and/or precipitate asthma exacerbations." the presence of allergy to indoor allergens and certain seasonal fung ...	1998	10682168