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simultaneous hplc-dad-ms (esi+) determination of structural and geometrical isomers of carotenoids in mature grapes.carotenoids are uniquely functional polyene pigments ubiquitous in nature; aside from being responsible for the color of a wide variety of vegetables, interest is being focused on food carotenoids due to their likely health benefits. from analytical point of view, it is important to unequivocally identify individual carotenoid compounds in many food stuffs. therefore, isolation of standards from natural sources must be encouraged for accurate identifications. like many fruits, mature grape berri ...201020814906
identification of putative stage-specific grapevine berry biomarkers and omics data integration into networks.the analysis of grapevine (vitis vinifera) berries at the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels can provide great insight into the molecular events underlying berry development and postharvest drying (withering). however, the large and very different data sets produced by such investigations are difficult to integrate. here, we report the identification of putative stage-specific biomarkers for berry development and withering and, to our knowledge, the first integrated systems-level ...201020826702
diagnosis of pierce's disease using biomarkers specific to xylella fastidiosa rrna and vitis vinifera gene expression.pierce's disease (pd), caused by xylella fastidiosa, represents one of the most damaging diseases of cultivated grape. management of pd in the vineyard often relies on the removal of infected individuals, which otherwise serve as a source of inoculum for nearby healthy vines. effective implementation of such control measures requires early diagnosis, which is complicated by the fact that infected vines often harbor high titers of the pathogen in advance of visual symptom development. here, we re ...201020839944
the dynamics of embolism repair in xylem: in vivo visualizations using high-resolution computed tomography.water moves through plants under tension and in a thermodynamically metastable state, leaving the nonliving vessels that transport this water vulnerable to blockage by gas embolisms. failure to reestablish flow in embolized vessels can lead to systemic loss of hydraulic conductivity and ultimately death. most plants have developed a mechanism to restore vessel functionality by refilling embolized vessels, but the details of this process in vessel networks under tension have remained unclear for ...201020841451
seasonal changes of whole root system conductance by a drought-tolerant grape root system.the role of root systems in drought tolerance is a subject of very limited information compared with above-ground responses. adjustments to the ability of roots to supply water relative to shoot transpiration demand is proposed as a major means for woody perennial plants to tolerate drought, and is often expressed as changes in the ratios of leaf to root area (a(l):a(r)). seasonal root proliferation in a directed manner could increase the water supply function of roots independent of total root ...201120851906
parental relationships among three grape varieties studied by maldi of grape seed protein profiles.two raboso cultivars, i.e. raboso veronese and raboso piave, are two black vitis vinifera varieties. a genetic study suggested that raboso veronese is the progeny of a spontaneous cross between raboso piave and marzemina bianca cultivars. parental relationships are usually investigated by genetic studies, which are effective to establish genetic links among different cultivars. considering that proteome is the genome expression, in this article we evaluated the power of seed protein profiles obt ...201020862730
structure elucidation of peonidin 3,7-o-β-diglucoside isolated from garnacha tintorera (vitis vinifera l.) grapes.red wines made from garnacha tintorera grapes (also known as alicante bouschet and one of the few so-called teinturier vitis vinifera grape cultivars, because its berry flesh is also red-colored) are usually blended with other red wines as a natural way for enhancing the color intensity of red wines. the phenolic composition of garnacha tintorera grapes showed already described interesting features such as the occurrence of unusual anthocyanins (pelargonidin-based anthocyanins and a peonidin dih ...201020866031
characterization of phenolic content, in vitro biological activity, and pesticide loads of extracts from white grape skins from organic and conventional cultivars.grape skin extracts of riesling vitis vinifera l. grapes from conventionally or organically managed cultivars were compared on the basis of their phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial and antimutagenic properties and pesticide loads. promising results on their biological properties suggest that those extracts would be valuable as food preservatives. the antioxidant capacity of conventional extracts was significantly higher, according to the higher content in catechin, epicatechin ...201020870004
top 10 botanical ingredients in 2010 anti-aging creams.new developments in the realm of skin rejuvenation such as phytotherapy are at an astounding increasing pace in the cosmeceutical market. yet, many of these products that are classified as cosmeceuticals are tested less vigorously and do not have to be approved by the food and drug administration to establish efficacy and safety. thus, as clinicians, we must ask the question, "is there science-based evidence to validate the mechanism of these new treatments?" we assessed the top anti-aging cream ...201020883295
evaluation of protein extraction methods for vitis vinifera leaf and root proteome analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis.an efficient protein extraction method is crucial to ensure successful separation by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) for recalcitrant plant species, in particular for grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). trichloroacetic acid-acetone (tca-acetone) and phenol extraction methods were evaluated for proteome analysis of leaves and roots from the tunisian cultivar 'razegui'. the phenol-based protocol proved to give a higher protein yield, a greater spot resolution, and a minimal streaking on 2-de gel ...201020883445
structure-activity relationships of polyphenols to prevent lipid oxidation in pelagic fish muscle.the influence of polymerization (number of monomers) and galloylation (content of esterified gallates) of oligomeric catechins (proanthocyanidins) on their effectiveness to prevent lipid oxidation in pelagic fish muscle was evaluated. non-galloylated oligomers of catechin with diverse mean polymerization (1.9-3.4 monomeric units) were extracted from pine ( pinus pinaster ) bark. homologous fractions with galloylation ranging from 0.25 to <1 gallate group per molecule were obtained from grape ( v ...201020925315
rapd analysis of selected local turkish grape cultivars (vitis vinifera).turkey is very rich in local grape varieties. the solution to the problem of identifying local cultivars, which is considered an important deficiency for the region, will only be possible when they can be defined with molecular markers. forty-nine local grapevine cultivars from şanlıurfa (turkey) were characterized with rapd markers. twenty-five decamer primers selected from 60 primers were used in this analysis. a total of 171 bands were obtained with the 25 primers, of which 112 were polymorph ...201020927716
effects of grape pomace antioxidant extract on oxidative stress and inflammation in diet induced obese mice.norton grape is one of the most important wine grapes in southern and midwestern states and generates massive pomace byproducts. the objective of this study is to characterize the antioxidant compounds and activity in norton grape pomace extract (gpe) and further assess the potential health promoting properties of norton gpe using an animal disease model. the total phenolic content and anthocyanins in norton gpe were 475.4 mg of gallic acid equiv/g and 156.9 mg of cyanidin 3-glucoside equiv/g, r ...201020929236
variation in pathogenicity and aggressiveness of erysiphe necator from different vitis spp. and geographic origins in the eastern united states.eastern north america is considered the center of diversity for many vitis spp. and for the grape powdery mildew pathogen, erysiphe necator. however, little is known about populations of e. necator from wild vitis spp. we determined the phenotypic variation in pathogenicity and aggressiveness of e. necator among isolates from wild and domesticated vitis spp. from diverse geographic regions in the eastern united states. to test pathogenicity, we inoculated 38 e. necator isolates on three wild vit ...201020932167
molecular and phylogenetic characterization of the sieve element occlusion gene family in fabaceae and non-fabaceae plants.the phloem of dicotyledonous plants contains specialized p-proteins (phloem proteins) that accumulate during sieve element differentiation and remain parietally associated with the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum in mature sieve elements. wounding causes p-protein filaments to accumulate at the sieve plates and block the translocation of photosynthate. specialized, spindle-shaped p-proteins known as forisomes that undergo reversible calcium-dependent conformational changes have evolved ex ...201020932300
chemical characterization and enological potential of raboso varieties by study of secondary grape metabolites.dna studies supported by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis of seed proteins showed that the vitis vinifera red grape variety raboso veronese is the progeny of a spontaneous cross between raboso piave (red) and marzemina bianca (white) varieties. in the present work, the main secondary grape metabolites of raboso varieties were studied, and their enological potential was evaluated and compared with that of other red varieties reported in the lit ...201020942460
transcriptome changes in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cv. malbec leaves induced by ultraviolet-b radiation.ultraviolet-b radiation (uv-b, 280-315 nm) is a natural component of sunlight, which has numerous regulatory effects on plant physiology. the nature of the response to uv-b is dependent on fluence rate, dose, duration and wavelength of the uv-b treatment. some reports have analyzed the changes in gene expression caused by uv-b light on several plant species using microarray technology. however, there is no information on the transcriptome response triggered by uv-b in grapevine. in this paper we ...201020959019
functional annotation, genome organization and phylogeny of the grapevine (vitis vinifera) terpene synthase gene family based on genome assembly, flcdna cloning, and enzyme assays.terpenoids are among the most important constituents of grape flavour and wine bouquet, and serve as useful metabolite markers in viticulture and enology. based on the initial 8-fold sequencing of a nearly homozygous pinot noir inbred line, 89 putative terpenoid synthase genes (vvtps) were predicted by in silico analysis of the grapevine (vitis vinifera) genome assembly 1. the finding of this very large vvtps family, combined with the importance of terpenoid metabolism for the organoleptic prope ...201020964856
2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine in grape berries and its dependence on genotype.2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine (mibp) contributes a bell pepper aroma to many grape cultivars and has a reported aroma threshold of ∼2 ng l(-1) in water. the purpose of this study was twofold: (1) develop a procedure using headspace solid phase micro-extraction combined with gc-ms in the selected ion monitoring mode (hs-spme-gc-ms-sim) for analysis of mibp in grape berries, and (2) determine the location of mibp biosynthesis in grapevines by approach grafting clusters of vitis vinifera l. cvs cabe ...201020965529
pr-1 gene family of grapevine: a uniquely duplicated pr-1 gene from a vitis interspecific hybrid confers high level resistance to bacterial disease in transgenic tobacco.a functional contribution of pathogenesis-related 1 (pr-1) proteins to host defense has been established. however, systematic investigation of the pr-1 gene family in grapevine (vitis spp.) has not been conducted previously. through mining genomic databases, we identified 21 pr-1 genes from the vitis vinifera genome. polypeptides encoded by putative pr-1 genes had a signal sequence of about 25 residues and a mature protein of 10.9-29 kda in size. pr-1 mature proteins contained a highly conserved ...201020967449
preliminary results on the effects of grape (vitis vinifera) seed condensed tannins on in vitro intestinal digestibility of the lupin (lupinus angustifolius) seed protein fraction in small ruminants.condensed tannins (ct) from grape seeds (vitis vinifera l.) were added to complex the protein fraction of lupinus angustifolius seeds. three ct/protein ratios were used: 96 mg/g (t(1) ), 180 mg/g (t(2) ) and 0 mg/g (t(0) ). the cp losses in the rumen were assessed by the nylon-bag technique and cp intestinal digestibility (cpid) was estimated using an in vitro assay applying a three-step procedure: samples were subject to rumen degradation (in situ, 16 h) and the remaining residues were subject ...201021039934
amelioration of tamoxifen-induced liver injury in rats by grape seed extract, black seed extract and curcumin.liver injury was induced in female rats using tamoxifen (tam). grape seeds (vitis vinifera) extract (gse), black seed (nigella sativa) extract (nse), curcumin (cur) or silymarin (syl) were orally administered to tam-intoxicated rats. liver histopathology of tam-intoxicated:rats showed pathological changes. tam-intoxication elicited declines in liver antioxidant enzymes levels (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and catalase), reduced glutathione (gsh) and gsh/gss ...201021046982
genomic tools development for aquilegia: construction of a bac-based physical map.the genus aquilegia, consisting of approximately 70 taxa, is a member of the basal eudicot lineage, ranuculales, which is evolutionarily intermediate between monocots and core eudicots, and represents a relatively unstudied clade in the angiosperm phylogenetic tree that bridges the gap between these two major plant groups. aquilegia species are closely related and their distribution covers highly diverse habitats. these provide rich resources to better understand the genetic basis of adaptation ...201021059242
changes of flavan-3-ols with different degrees of polymerization in seeds of 'shiraz', 'cabernet sauvignon' and 'marselan' grapes after veraison.flavan-3-ols consist of flavan-3-ol monomers and polymers with different degrees of polymerization (dp). in this study, flavan-3-ol extracts from grape seeds were well separated into three fractions including monomers, oligomers (2 < dp < 10) and polymers (dp > 10), by means of normal-phase hplc-ms. the different patterns of these three fractions were analyzed in three vitis vinifera cultivars ('shiraz', 'cabernet sauvignon' and 'marselan') seeds from veraison to harvest. the results showed: (1) ...201021060287
specific poly-phenolic compounds in cell culture of vitis vinifera l. cv. gamay fréaux.cell cultures established from plants represent an attractive alternative to whole plants for effective production of bioactive secondary metabolites. cell culture from vitis vinifera l. cv. gamay fréaux accumulated high amounts of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and anthocyanins. two new compounds were identified: 3-o-glucosylresveratrol, a stilbene derivative, abundant in cell suspension culture, and a hydroxyphenol, 4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-phenol, abundant in callus culture. the major anthoc ...201121061087
a candidate gene association study on muscat flavor in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.).the sweet, floral flavor typical of muscat varieties (muscats), due to high levels of monoterpenoids (geraniol, linalool and nerol), is highly distinct and has been greatly appreciated both in table grapes and in wine since ancient times. muscat flavor determination in grape (vitis vinifera l.) has up to now been studied by evaluating monoterpenoid levels through qtl analysis. these studies have revealed co-localization of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (vvdxs) with the major qtl positi ...201021062440
genome-wide investigation reveals high evolutionary rates in annual model plants.rates of molecular evolution vary widely among species. while significant deviations from molecular clock have been found in many taxa, effects of life histories on molecular evolution are not fully understood. in plants, annual/perennial life history traits have long been suspected to influence the evolutionary rates at the molecular level. to date, however, the number of genes investigated on this subject is limited and the conclusions are mixed. to evaluate the possible heterogeneity in evolu ...201021062446
loss of rachis cell viability is associated with ripening disorders in grapes.rachises of grape (vitis vinifera l.) clusters that appeared healthy or displayed symptoms of the ripening disorders berry shrivel (bs) or bunch-stem necrosis (bsn) were treated with the cellular viability stain fluorescein diacetate and examined by confocal microscopy. clusters with bs and bsn symptoms experienced a decrease of cell viability throughout the rachis, and their berries contained 70-80% less sugar than healthy berries. the xylem-mobile dye basic fuchsin, infiltrated via the cut bas ...201121071679
the vitis vinifera sugar transporter gene family: phylogenetic overview and macroarray expression profiling.in higher plants, sugars are not only nutrients but also important signal molecules. they are distributed through the plant via sugar transporters, which are involved not only in sugar long-distance transport via the loading and the unloading of the conducting complex, but also in sugar allocation into source and sink cells. the availability of the recently released grapevine genome sequence offers the opportunity to identify sucrose and monosaccharide transporter gene families in a woody specie ...201021073695
plant high tolerance to excess manganese related with root growth, manganese distribution and antioxidative enzyme activity in three grape cultivars.the cuttings of grape (vitis vinifera linn.) were exposed to hoagland's solution containing five different manganese (mn) concentrations to investigate mn toxicity and the possible detoxifying responses. three genotypes (i.e. cultivars combiner, jingshou and shuijing) were used in present study. the results showed that grape species is highly tolerant to excess mn. the plant growth is stimulated by as high as 15 or 30 mm mn, and then depressed by higher mn levels. the grape tolerance to excess m ...201121075449
volatile compounds and sensory attributes of wine from cv. merlot (vitis vinifera l.) grown under differential levels of water deficit with or without a kaolin-based, foliar reflectant particle film.the volatile composition and sensory attributes of merlot wines produced from vines under differing levels of water stress, with or without a foliar, kaolin-based particle film, were analyzed by stir bar sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (sbse-gc-ms) and sensory evaluation. vines were irrigated over consecutive vintages with 100, 70, or 35% of their estimated water requirements (et(c)), or 35% until color change then 70% until harvest (35-70% et(c)). neither of the treatme ...201021080711
a single dominant locus, ren4, confers rapid non-race-specific resistance to grapevine powdery mildew.in the present study we screened the progeny of vitis vinifera × v. romanetii populations segregating for resistance to powdery mildew and determined the presence of a single, dominant locus, ren4, conferring rapid and extreme resistance to the grapevine powdery mildew fungus erysiphe necator. in each of nine ren4 pseudo-backcross 2 (pbc(2)) and pbc(3) populations (1,030 progeny), resistance fit a 1:1 segregation ratio and overall segregated as 543 resistant progeny to 487 susceptible. in full-s ...201121091183
modified magnetic nanoparticles in an electrochemical method for the ochratoxin a determination in vitis vinifera red grapes tissues.this work described the development and characterization of an electrochemical method using square wave voltammetry (swv) combined with the use of modified magnetic nanoparticles (mnps), which had shown a rapid and sensitive determination of ochratoxin a (ota) in wine grapes (cabernet sauvignon, malbec and syrah) post-harvest tissues. the wine grapes were inoculated with aspergillus ochraceus to obtain ota in artificially infected samples. the ota was directly determined using square-wave voltam ...201021111187
environmental stress enhances biosynthesis of flavor precursors, s-3-(hexan-1-ol)-glutathione and s-3-(hexan-1-ol)-l-cysteine, in grapevine through glutathione s-transferase activation.the biosynthesis of s-(3-hexan-1-ol)-glutathione (3mh-s-glut) and s-(3-hexan-l-ol)-l-cysteine (3mh-s-cys), which act as flavour precursors in wines, in vitis vinifera grapes exposed to various environmental stress conditions is reported here. ultraviolet (uv-c) irradiation, water deficit, and biological stimulation up-regulated 3mh-s-glut and 3mh-s-cys biosynthesis in grape leaves. 3mh-s-glut and 3mh-s-cys contents in grape berries were increased by cold shock, heat shock, uv-c irradiation, and ...201121115666
characterization of expression dynamics of wox homeodomain transcription factors during somatic embryogenesis in vitis vinifera.different cultivars of vitis vinifera vary in their potential to form embryogenic tissues. the wuschel (wus)-related homeobox (wox) genes have been shown to play an important role in coordinating the gene transcription involved in the early phases of embryogenesis. the expression dynamics of 12 vvwox genes present in the v. vinifera genome in embryogenic and other tissues of 'chardonnay' were analysed. in order to understand the influence of wox genes on the somatic embryogenic process, their ex ...201121127025
water deficit increases stilbene metabolism in cabernet sauvignon berries.the impact of water deficit on stilbene biosynthesis in wine grape (vitis vinifera) berries was investigated. water deficit increased the accumulation of trans-piceid (the glycosylated form of resveratrol) by 5-fold in cabernet sauvignon berries but not in chardonnay. similarly, water deficit significantly increased the transcript abundance of genes involved in the biosynthesis of stilbene precursors in cabernet sauvignon. increased expression of stilbene synthase, but not that of resveratrol-o- ...201121128664
molecular characterization and expression analysis on two isogenes encoding 3-deoxy-d: -arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase in grapes.3-deoxy-d: -arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (dahps) is an entry enzyme of the shikimate pathway that connects primary carbohydrate metabolism with the biosynthesis of most secondary metabolites in plants. in the present study, two dahps cdnas were cloned from grape berries (vitis vinifera) and designated as vvdahps-1 and vvdahps-2. these two cdna sequences share 75.7% of the identities. their dna corresponding to the two isogenes both contain four introns. the deduced proteins from tw ...201021132375
biosynthesis of anthocyanins and their regulation in colored grapes.anthocyanins, synthesized via the flavonoid pathway, are a class of crucial phenolic compounds which are fundamentally responsible for the red color of grapes and wines. as the most important natural colorants in grapes and their products, anthocyanins are also widely studied for their numerous beneficial effects on human health. in recent years, the biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins in grapes has been thoroughly investigated. their intracellular transportation and accumulation have also been ...201021150825
five phylogenetic groups identified in the coat protein gene of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 obtained from portuguese grapevine varieties.the genetic variability and population structure of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (glrav-3) variants were updated by examining the diversity within the viral coat protein (cp) gene among 174 isolates belonging to a collection of vitis vinifera representing most of the portuguese varieties. phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of five well-defined clusters. three of these correspond to previously defined groups, another corresponds to variants from chile for which only one sequenc ...201021153745
analysis of polymorphism based on sscp markers in gamma-irradiated (co60) grape (vitis vinifera) varieties.the effects of induced mutation produced by five different doses of gamma irradiation (20, 25, 30, 40, and 45 gy) were determined using molecular approaches in vitis vinifera cultivars, namely thompson seedless (sultani çekirdeksiz) (progenitor of seedless vinifera variety) and kalecik karasi (one of the best quality wine grape variety of turkey). mutant candidates were selected through morphological observations of mutation-induced phenotypic changes during the first, second and third vegetatio ...201021157704
quantitation of grapevine leafroll associated virus-1 and -3, grapevine virus a, grapevine fanleaf virus and grapevine fleck virus in field-collected vitis vinifera l. 'nebbiolo' by real-time reverse transcription-pcr.taqman one-step real-time qrt-pcr assays were developed for the quantitation of grapevine leafroll associated virus-1 and -3 (glrav-1 and -3), grapevine virus a (gva), grapevine fanleaf virus (gflv) and grapevine fleck virus (gfkv) in vitis vinifera l. virus load in the progenies of three 'nebbiolo' clones planted in two experimental vineyards in piemonte (northwestern italy), and carrying the viruses in different combinations, was evaluated. quantitation primers were designed on the rna-depende ...201021167205
genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the ap2/erf superfamily in vitis vinifera.the ap2/erf protein family contains transcription factors that play a crucial role in plant growth and development and in response to biotic and abiotic stress conditions in plants. grapevine (vitis vinifera) is the only woody crop whose genome has been fully sequenced. so far, no detailed expression profile of ap2/erf-like genes is available for grapevine.201021171999
patterns of sequence polymorphism in the fleshless berry locus in cultivated and wild vitis vinifera accessions.unlike in tomato, little is known about the genetic and molecular control of fleshy fruit development of perennial fruit trees like grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). here we present the study of the sequence polymorphism in a 1 mb grapevine genome region at the top of chromosome 18 carrying the fleshless berry mutation (flb) in order, first to identify snp markers closely linked to the gene and second to search for possible signatures of domestication.201021176183
bacterial endosymbiont localization in hyalesthes obsoletus, the insect vector of bois noir in vitis vinifera.one emerging disease of grapevine in europe is bois noir (bn), a phytoplasmosis caused by "candidatus phytoplasma solani" and spread in vineyards by the planthopper hyalesthes obsoletus (hemiptera: cixiidae). here we present the first full characterization of the bacterial community of this important disease vector collected from bn-contaminated areas in piedmont, italy. length heterogeneity pcr and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis targeting the 16s rrna gene revealed the presenc ...201021183640
low-temperature-induced transcription factors in grapevine enhance cold tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis plants.we report the characterization of low-temperature-induced transcription factors in grapevine (vitis vinifera). four transcription factors were identified in low-temperature-treated grapevine. the expression of v. vinifera c-repeat-binding factors, vvcbf2, vvcbf4, and vvcbfl, and v. vinifera b-box-type zinc finger protein, vvzfpl, was immediately induced and upregulated in leaves by the low-temperature treatment. similar induction of the gene expression was observed in low-temperature-treated ste ...201121185622
effects of pulsed electric field on secondary metabolism of vitis vinifera l. cv. gamay fréaux suspension culture and exudates.plant cell cultures provide a large potential for the production of secondary metabolites. through the application of different physical and chemical cell stress factors, we investigated the production of the secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures. the effects of pulsed electric field (pef) and ethephon on growth and secondary metabolism, particularly anthocyanins and phenolic acids synthesis, were investigated by using suspension culture of vitis vinifera l. cv. gamay fréaux as a model sy ...201121190090
evaluation of hemostatic effects of ankaferd as an alternative medicine.ankaferd blood stopper (abs), a unique traditional herbal mixture, has been used topically to stop bleeding for centuries in anatolia. abs is a standardized mixture of the plants thymus vulgaris, glycyrrhiza glabra, vitis vinifera, alpinia officinarum, and urtica dioica. through its effects on the endothelium, blood cells, angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, vascular dynamics, and cell mediators, abs is now becoming an official alternative hemostatic medicine for intractable bleedings that are ...201021194248
response of the vitis vinifera l. cv. 'nebbiolo' proteome to flavescence dorée phytoplasma infection.flavescence dorée is a serious phytoplasma disease affecting grapevine in several european countries. we studied the interaction of flavescence dorée phytoplasma with its natural plant host by monitoring the effects of infection on the protein expression profile. among the 576 analyzed spots, 33 proteins were differentially regulated in infected grapevines. grouping into mips functional categories showed proteins involved in metabolism (21%), energy processes (9%), protein synthesis (3%), protei ...201021204249
new phenolic grape skin products from vitis vinifera cv. pinot noir.anthocyanins and their related compounds were extracted from grape skins of pinot noir, using 50% aqueous methanol, and purified by solid phase extraction chromatography using xad-7 resin to obtain a pigment-rich fraction. this fraction was subjected to multilayer coil countercurrent chromatography (mlccc) using a quaternary solvent system consisting of tert-butyl methyl ether/n-butanol/acetonitrile/water acidified with 0.01% trifluoroacetic acid (2:2:0.1-1.8:5) (v/v/v/v) in a step gradient elut ...201121214245
influence of skin hardness on dehydration kinetics of wine grapes.knowledge of the influence of initial mechanical properties on the evolution of the weight loss of berries through the drying process is scarce. therefore, the main purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of skin hardness at two different physiological stages of off-vine drying kinetics of grapes. skin hardness was evaluated as the berry skin-break force parameter, measured by the texture analysis test.201121218485
berry skin development in norton grape: distinct patterns of transcriptional regulation and flavonoid biosynthesis.the complex and dynamic changes during grape berry development have been studied in vitis vinifera, but little is known about these processes in other vitis species. the grape variety 'norton', with a major portion of its genome derived from vitis aestivalis, maintains high levels of malic acid and phenolic acids in the ripening berries in comparison with v. vinifera varieties such as cabernet sauvignon. furthermore, norton berries develop a remarkably high level of resistance to most fungal pat ...201121219654
molecular cloning and characterization of ghapm, a gene encoding the μ subunit of the clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex that is associated with cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fiber development.the clathrin-associated adaptor protein (ap) complexes are the primary clathrin adaptors that contribute to the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles (ccvs). the ghapm gene (genbank accession number: gu359054), which encodes the medium subunit of the ap complexes, was cloned from cotton by rapid amplification of cdna ends-polymerase chain reaction (race-pcr). the full-length cdna was 1590 bp in size and encoded an open reading frame (orf) of 416 amino acids with a molecular weight of 46 kda. the ...201121225463
use of the vvmyba1 gene for non-destructive quantification of promoter activity via color histogram analysis in grapevine (vitis vinifera) and tobacco.we report the development of a convenient plant-based reporter system to analyze promoters and facilitate selection of genetically engineered plants. the vvmyba1 gene of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) regulates the last metabolic step of anthocyanin biosynthesis and its ectopic expression leads to anthocyanin production in otherwise non-pigmented cells. to develop an anthocyanin-based quantitative reporter system, the vvmyba1 gene was isolated from v. vinifera 'merlot' and placed under control of ...201121229312
high throughput analysis of grape genetic diversity as a tool for germplasm collection management.using 20 ssr markers well scattered across the 19 grape chromosomes, we analyzed 4,370 accessions of the inra grape repository at vassal, mostly cultivars of vitis vinifera subsp. sativa (3,727), but also accessions of v. vinifera subsp. sylvestris (80), interspecific hybrids (364), and rootstocks (199). the analysis revealed 2,836 ssr single profiles: 2,323 sativa cultivars, 72 wild individuals (sylvestris), 306 interspecific hybrids, and 135 rootstocks, corresponding to 2,739 different cultiva ...201121234742
3-sulfanylhexanol precursor biogenesis in grapevine cells: the stimulating effect of botrytis cinerea.volatile thiols, compounds that contribute strongly to the varietal aroma, are present in much higher concentrations in sweet wines than in dry wines. this positive effect, due to the presence of botrytis cinerea on the berries, in fact results from a strong enrichment of cysteine s-conjugate precursors in botrytized berries. in the present study, a convenient model was investigated to reproduce and therefore study this phenomenon. a vitis vinifera cell culture was used as a simple model, and we ...201121235257
genetic structure and domestication history of the grape.the grape is one of the earliest domesticated fruit crops and, since antiquity, it has been widely cultivated and prized for its fruit and wine. here, we characterize genome-wide patterns of genetic variation in over 1,000 samples of the domesticated grape, vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera, and its wild relative, v. vinifera subsp. sylvestris from the us department of agriculture grape germplasm collection. we find support for a near east origin of vinifera and present evidence of introgression fr ...201121245334
[bioinformatic search for plant homologs of protein kinase bub1--the keypoint of mitotic spindle assembly].fourteen plant homologs of animal, yeast and myxomycetes spindle assembly checkpoint protein kinases were identified bioinformatically. it was shown that the closest plant homologues of the bub1 protein kinases are unknown proteins xp_002274770.1 (cbi21878.1) from vitis vinifera, eec82122.1 from oryza sativa indica, eee67244.1 from o. sativa japonica, eef44403.1 from ricinus communis and cal57156.1 from ostreococcus tauri. the reconstruction and analysis of spatial structures of the eec82122.1, ...201021254620
the effectiveness of stilbenes in resistant vitaceae: ultrastructural and biochemical events during plasmopara viticola infection process.leaves of different vitis vinifera l. cultivars, susceptible or resistant to downy mildew, chasselas, solaris, irac 2091 (cvs. gamaret x bronner) and muscadinia rotundifolia were inoculated with plasmopara viticola. samples were then examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, by light microscopy and for their ability to synthesise stilbenes. these phytoalexins were strictly analysed at infection sites. in the susceptible chasselas, p. viticola colonises, at 72h post-infection (hp ...201021256040
comparison of foliar and soil formulations of neonicotinoid insecticides for control of potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (homoptera: cicadellidae), in wine grapes.the potential of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides to control potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (harris), a damaging pest of wine grapes in the eastern united states, was investigated. soil or foliar applications were made to potted or field-grown vines, and the response of leafhoppers was determined in clip cages over the following month on young or mature leaves.201121268231
genome-wide analysis of the set domain group family in grapevine.the set domain group (sdg) proteins represent an evolutionarily-conserved family of epigenetic regulators present in eukaryotes and are putative candidates for the catalysis of lysine methylation in histones. plant genomes analyses of this family have been performed in arabidopsis, maize, and rice and functional studies have shown that sdg genes are involved in the control of plant development. in this work, we describe the identification and structural characterization of sdg genes in the vitis ...201121293861
changes of platelet antioxidative enzymes during oxidative stress: the protective effect of polyphenol-rich extract from berries of aronia melanocarpa and grape seeds.aronia melanocarpa fruits (rosaceae) and grape seeds (seeds of vitis vinifera, vitaceae) are two of the richest plant sources of phenolic substances, and they have been shown to have various biological activities. the aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the action of phenolic extracts (at concentrations 5-100 µg/ml) of two different plants, berries of a. melanocarpa (chokebbery) and grape seeds, on the activities of various antioxidative enzymes, the amount of glutathione (as ...201121299394
an est-based analysis identifies new genes and reveals distinctive gene expression features of coffea arabica and coffea canephora.coffee is one of the world's most important crops; it is consumed worldwide and plays a significant role in the economy of producing countries. coffea arabica and c. canephora are responsible for 70 and 30% of commercial production, respectively. c. arabica is an allotetraploid from a recent hybridization of the diploid species, c. canephora and c. eugenioides. c. arabica has lower genetic diversity and results in a higher quality beverage than c. canephora. research initiatives have been launch ...201121303543
wound-healing properties of the oils of vitis vinifera and vaccinium macrocarpon.vitis vinifera (grape) and vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) are well known medicinal plants; most of the pharmacologically active phytochemicals have been isolated from the skin, fruit juice, fermented extract and alcohol fractions of the plants above. here, the pharmacological properties of the phytochemical constituents present in oils of cranberry and grape were investigated. the oil of grape and cranberry has been evaluated for their wound healing activity by using an excision wound model i ...201121305631
flow system for the automatic screening of the effect of phenolic compounds on the luminol-hydrogen peroxide-peroxidase chemiluminescence system.in this work, an automated flow-based procedure for the screening of the effect of the different phenolic compounds on the chemiluminescence (cl) luminol-hydrogen peroxide-horseradish peroxidase (hrp) system is presented. this procedure involves the combination of multisyringe flow injection analysis (mfsia) and sequential injection analysis (sia) techniques and exploits the ability of the different subgroups of phenols, such as cholorophenols, nitrophenols, methylphenols and polyphenols, to enh ...201321308949
haplotype composition at the color locus is a major genetic determinant of skin color variation in vitis × labruscana grapes.skin color is one of the most important fruit traits in grape, and has become greatly diversified due to hybridization and human selection. many studies concerning the genetic control of grape color in european species (vitis vinifera l.), especially the role of myb-related genes, have been reported. on the other hand, there have been few studies of the myb-related genes in grapes belonging to v. ×labruscana l.h. bailey, a subgroup of grapes that originated from the hybridization of v. labrusca ...201121311854
polysaccharide compositions of intervessel pit membranes contribute to pierce's disease resistance of grapevines.symptom development of pierce's disease (pd) in grapevine (vitis vinifera) depends largely on the ability of the bacterium xylella fastidiosa to use cell wall-degrading enzymes (cwdes) to break up intervessel pit membranes (pms) and spread through the vessel system. in this study, an immunohistochemical technique was developed to analyze pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides of intervessel pms. our results indicate that pms of grapevine genotypes with different pd resistance differed in the ...201121343427
comparative analysis of gossypium and vitis genomes indicates genome duplication specific to the gossypium lineage.genetic mapping studies have suggested that diploid cotton (gossypium) might be an ancient polyploid. however, further evidence is lacking due to the complexity of the genome and the lack of sequence resources. here, we used the grape (vitis vinifera) genome as an out-group in two different approaches to further explore evidence regarding ancient genome duplication (wgd) event(s) in the diploid gossypium lineage and its (their) effects: a genome-level alignment analysis and a local-level sequenc ...201121352905
mechanisms of powdery mildew resistance in the vitaceae family.the cultivated grapevine, vitis vinifera, is a member of the vitaceae family, which comprises over 700 species in 14 genera. vitis vinifera is highly susceptible to the powdery mildew pathogen erysiphe necator. however, other species within the vitaceae family have been reported to show resistance to this fungal pathogen, but little is known about the mechanistic basis of this resistance. therefore, the frequency of successful e. necator penetration events, in addition to programmed cell death ( ...201021355998
targets of red grapes: oxidative damage of dna and leukaemia cells.vitis vinifera is a widespread crop all over the world. the biophenols present in grapes have a remarkable influence on wine quality and also confer potential health-protecting properties to this fruit. the aim of the present work was to assess the beneficial properties of skin, seeds and pulp of red table grapes (rtg) (vitis vinifera, palieri cadiz variety). two potential beneficial activities of red table grapes (rtg) were analyzed: (i) the maintenance of genomic stability studying their genot ...201121366047
increased accumulation and decreased catabolism of anthocyanins in red grape cell suspension culture following magnesium treatment.anthocyanins are the largest and best studied group of plant pigments. however, not very much is known about the fate of these phenolic pigments after they have accumulated in the cell vacuoles of plant tissues. we have previously shown that magnesium treatment of ornamentals during the synthesis of anthocyanins in the flowers or foliage caused an increase in the pigment concentration. in this study, we characterized the effect of magnesium on the accumulation of anthocyanin in red cell suspensi ...201121369922
proteomic analysis of grape berry cell cultures reveals that developmentally regulated ripening related processes can be studied using cultured cells.this work describes a proteomics profiling method, optimized and applied to berry cell suspensions to evaluate organ-specific cultures as a platform to study grape berry ripening. variations in berry ripening within a cluster(s) on a vine and in a vineyard are a major impediment towards complete understanding of the functional processes that control ripening, specifically when a characterized and homogenous sample is required. berry cell suspensions could overcome some of these problems, but the ...201121379583
spliceosomal intron size expansion in domesticated grapevine (vitis vinifera). 201121385391
effect of myricetin on deoxycorticosterone acetate (doca)-salt-hypertensive rats.chronic administration of myricetin (100 and 300ôçëmgôçëkg(-1), p.o., for 4 weeks) isolated from vitis vinifera (vitaceae) ameliorated hypertension and oxidative stress induced by deoxycorticosterone acetate (doca)-salt in rats. myricetin treatment reduced systolic blood pressure, vascular reactivity changes and reversed the doca-induced increase in heart rate. urinary sodium excretion was significantly decreased in animals treated with myricetin compared to the doca group when measured by flame ...201121391110
a simple hplc method for quantitation of quercetin in herbal extracts.a reversed-phase hplc method with uv detection was developed for the determination of quercetin. the method produced linear response over a wide concentration range, with an average accuracy of 95% and average intra- and interday variation of 0.75 and 0.3, respectively. the exactness of the method was proven by determining the recovery rates from 50 to 150% of standard concentration, which were found within the acceptable range of 95 to 105%. the method was used for quantitation of quercetin in ...201321391485
genetic diversity in the 3' terminal 4.7-kb region of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3.grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (glrav-3; ampelovirus, closteroviridae), associated with grapevine leafroll disease, is an important pathogen found across all major grape-growing regions of the world. the genetic diversity of glrav-3 in napa valley, ca, was studied by sequencing 4.7 kb in the 3' terminal region of 50 isolates obtained from vitis vinifera 'merlot'. glrav-3 isolates were subdivided into four distinct phylogenetic clades. no evidence of positive selection was observed in the ...201121391825
vascular-specific expression of gus and gfp reporter genes in transgenic grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv. albari+¦o) conferred by the egccr promoter of eucalyptus gunnii.in the view of the economic importance of grapevine and the increasing threaten represented by vascular diseases, transgenic grapevine with enhanced tolerance could represent an attractive opportunity. hitherto, constitutive promoters have been used generally to study the effects of transgene expression in grapevine. given the fact that constitutive gene expression may be harmful to the host plant, affecting plant growth and development, the use of tissue -specific promoters restricting gene exp ...201121393008
construction of a reference linkage map of vitis amurensis and genetic mapping of rpv8, a locus conferring resistance to grapevine downy mildew.downy mildew, caused by the oomycete plasmopara viticola, is one of the major threats to grapevine. all traditional cultivars of grapevine (vitis vinifera) are susceptible to downy mildew, the control of which requires regular application of fungicides. in contrast, many sources of resistance to p. viticola have been described in the vitis wild species, among which is v. amurensis rupr. (vitaceae), a species originating from east asia. a genetic linkage map of v. amurensis, based on 122 simple s ...201121404060
dige analysis of proteome changes accompanying large resveratrol production by grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. gamay) cell cultures in response to methyl-β-cyclodextrin and methyl jasmonate elicitors.we had previously shown that vitis vinifera cv. gamay cell suspension accumulates extracellularly large amounts of the phytoalexin trans-resveratrol (tr) in response to elicitation with methylated cyclodextrins (mbcd), which can be triplicated when the elicitor is combined with methyl jasmonate (meja). in parallel, new pathogenesis-related proteins accumulated in the apoplast-like extracellular space. the aim of this study was to investigate changes in the grapevine cell proteome potentially rel ...201121426946
impact of quillaja saponaria saponins on grapevine ecosystem organisms.the control of grapevine pathogens is a rising concern in vitis vinifera culture. the current international trend is toward banning chemicals that are highly toxic to the environment and human workers, and adopting tighter regulations. we evaluated the impact of saponins on three kinds of organisms found in grapevine culture. the ectoparasitic nematode xiphinema index, the parasitic fungus botrytis cinerea and various yeast strains representative of the must fermentation population were incubate ...201121442351
exploration of plant genomes in the flagdb++ environment.in the contexts of genomics, post-genomics and systems biology approaches, data integration presents a major concern. databases provide crucial solutions: they store, organize and allow information to be queried, they enhance the visibility of newly produced data by comparing them with previously published results, and facilitate the exploration and development of both existing hypotheses and new ideas.201121447150
molecular, genetic and transcriptional evidence for a role of vvagl11 in stenospermocarpic seedlessness in grapevine.stenospermocarpy is a mechanism through which certain genotypes of vitis vinifera l. such as sultanina produce berries with seeds reduced in size. stenospermocarpy has not yet been characterized at the molecular level.201121447172
diurnal cycles of embolism formation and repair in petioles of grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. chasselas).the impact of water deficit on stomatal conductance (g(s)), petiole hydraulic conductance (k(petiole)), and vulnerability to cavitation (plc, percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity) in leaf petioles has been observed on field-grown vines (vitis vinifera l. cv. chasselas). petioles were highly vulnerable to cavitation, with a 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity at a stem xylem water potential (ψ(x)) of -0.95 mpa, and up to 90% loss of conductivity at a ψ(x) of -1.5 mpa. k(petiole) described a d ...201121447755
expression analysis of phytochromes a, b and floral integrator genes during the entry and exit of grapevine-buds from endodormancy.a common molecular regulatory pathway that involves phya, phyb and floral integrator genes constans (co), flowering locus t (ft) and supressor of overexpression of co1 (soc1) has been suggested to participate in the regulation of photoperiod dependent processes such as flowering and dormancy. in grapevines (vitis vinifera l.), decreasing photoperiod and low temperatures trigger the transition of buds into endodormancy (ed), a process that is accompanied by drastic changes in gene expression of v ...201121453983
occurrence and estimation of trans-resveratrol in one-year-old canes from seven major chinese grape producing regions.the concentration of trans-resveratrol in 165 grape cane samples from three major grape production regions and four large distribution centers of chinese wild vitis species were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). among the different genotype groups and purpose of uses, cultivars of v. vinifera had much higher amounts of trans-resveratrol than did the cultivars of both v. labrusca or v. labrusca and v. vinifera hybrids, and within the v. vinifera species, ...201121455097
solar uv-b and aba are involved in phenol metabolism of vitis vinifera l. increasing biosynthesis of berry skin polyphenols.it has been previously found that abscisic acid (aba) participates in the activation of grapevine leaf tissue defense against potentially damaging effects of solar ultraviolet-b radiation (uv-b), apparently by triggering biosynthesis of phenols that filter the harmful radiation and act as antioxidants. the present work studies the effect of solar uv-b and exogenously applied aba on berry growth, sugar accumulation, and phenol (anthocyanin and nonanthocyanin) profiles across berry development and ...201121469737
photoprotective effects of 2 natural products on ultraviolet b-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in skh-1 mouse skin.abstract solar ultraviolet radiation (uv) is the major cause of nonmelanoma skin cancer in humans. photochemoprevention with natural products represents a simple but very effective strategy for the management of cutaneous neoplasia. we studied the photoprotective activity of calluna vulgaris and red grape seed (vitis vinifera l, burgund mare variety [bm]) extracts in vivo in an skh-1 hairless mice skin model. fifty 8-week-old female skh-1 hairless mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10 ...201121470043
impacts of variations in elemental nutrient concentration of chardonnay musts on saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation kinetics and wine composition.chardonnay, being the predominant white wine-grape cultivar in the australian wine sector, is subject to widely varying winemaking processes with the aim of producing a variety of wine styles. therefore, juice composition might not always be ideal for optimal fermentation outcomes. our aim was to better understand the composition of chardonnay juice and how compositional parameters impact on fermentation outcomes. this was achieved through a survey of 96 commercially prepared chardonnay juices d ...201121476141
engineering saccharomyces cerevisiae to release 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol during fermentation through overexpression of an s. cerevisiae gene, str3, for improvement of wine aroma.sulfur-containing aroma compounds are key contributors to the flavor of a diverse range of foods and beverages. the tropical fruit characters of vitis vinifera l. cv. sauvignon blanc wines are attributed to the presence of the aromatic thiols 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol (3mh), 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol-acetate, and 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one (4mmp). these volatile thiols are found in small amounts in grape juice and are formed from nonvolatile cysteinylated precursors during fermentation. in this study ...201121478306
pectin-derived oligosaccharides increase color and anthocyanin content in flame seedless grapes.grapes grown in warm weather do not develop a desirable red color and require the use of products to enhance berry color. pectin-derived oligosaccharides (pdos) have been shown to have a role in various responses including plant defense, growth and development. in this work a mixture of pdos with 3-20 degrees of polymerization was applied to vitis vinifera cv. flame seedless grapes under field conditions and compared to the effects of ethephon (an ethylene-releasing compound). the effect of trea ...201121484810
determination of stilbene derivatives in burgundy red wines by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography.the polyphenols, for example stilbenes and flavonoids, are an important family of compounds present in grapes and wines. several studies have shown that stilbenes are antioxidants and cancer-preventing agents. for the first time, eight natural stilbenes (trans-resveratrol, trans-piceid, cis-piceid, trans-astringin, trans-piceatannol, (+)-trans-ε-viniferin, pallidol, and hopeaphenol), isolated and purified from vitis vinifera, were simultaneously analysed by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatogra ...201121487710
aba-dependent amine oxidases-derived h2o2 affects stomata conductance.recently we showed that aba is at least partly responsible for the induction of the polyamine exodus pathway in vitis vinifera plants. both sensitive and tolerant plants employ this pathway to orchestrate stress responses, differing between stress adaptation and programmed cell death. herein we show that aba is an upstream signal for the induction of the polyamine catabolic pathway in vitis vinifera. thus, amine oxidases are producing h2o2 which signals stomata closure. moreover, the previously ...201021490422
deep sequencing of grapevine flower and berry short rna library for discovery of novel micrornas and validation of precise sequences of grapevine micrornas deposited in mirbase.micrornas (mirnas) are a class of non-coding rna molecules which have significant gene regulation roles in organisms. the advent of new high-throughput sequencing technologies has enabled the discovery of novel mirnas. although there are two recent reports on high-throughput sequencing analysis of small rna libraries from different organs of two wine grapevine varieties, there was a significant divergence in the number and kinds of mirnas sequenced in these studies. more sequencing of small rna ...201121496033
effect of pollination and fertilization on the expression of genes related to floral transition, hormone synthesis and berry development in grapevine.in the present work, the effect of assisted fertilization on anatomical, morphological and gene expression changes occurring in carpels and during early stages of berry development in vitis vinifera were studied. inflorescences were emasculated before capfall, immediately manually pollinated (ep) and fruit development was compared to emasculated but non-pollinated (enp) and self-pollinated inflorescences (nesp). the diameter of berries derived from pollinated flowers (ep and nesp) was significan ...201121497942
comparative transcriptomic profiling of vitis vinifera under high light using a custom-made array and the affymetrix genechip.understanding abiotic stress responses is one of the most important issues in plant research nowadays. abiotic stress, including excess light, can promote the onset of oxidative stress through the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. oxidative stress also arises when in vitro propagated plants are exposed to high light upon transfer to ex vitro. to determine whether the underlying pathways activated at the transfer of in vitro grapevine to ex vitro conditions reflect the processes occurring ...201121498622
expression pattern, genomic structure, and promoter analysis of the gene encoding stilbene synthase from chinese wild vitis pseudoreticulata.the gene encoding stilbene synthase (sts) plays a central role in many biochemical and physiological actions, and its metabolite resveratrol possesses broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens, as well as diverse pharmacological properties, notably an anticancer effect. here, we report the expression analysis of the gene encoding sts and its promoter function from a powdery mildew (pm)-resistant chinese wild vitis pseudoreticulata, and compare it with two pm-susceptible cultivated grapevines, vitis ...201121504880
vitis vinifera vvnpr1.1 is the functional ortholog of atnpr1 and its overexpression in grapevine triggers constitutive activation of pr genes and enhanced resistance to powdery mildew.studying grapevine (vitis vinifera) innate defense mechanisms is a prerequisite to the development of new protection strategies, based on the stimulation of plant signaling pathways to trigger pathogen resistance. two transcriptional coactivators (vvnpr1.1 and vvnpr1.2) with similarity to arabidopsis thaliana npr1 (non-expressor of pr genes 1), a well-characterized and key signaling element of the salicylic acid (sa) pathway, were recently isolated in vitis vinifera. in this study, functional ch ...201121505863
effectiveness of insecticides in controlling the first and second generations of the lobesia botrana (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in table grapes.the moth lobesia botrana (denis & schiffermüller) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) is a key pest of table and wine grape (vitis spp.) varieties in cyprus. many different insecticide combinations were applied for three consecutive years (2006-2008) in a sultana seedless table grape vineyard, aimed at controlling the first and second generations of this pest under warm and dry mediterranean climatic conditions. in cyprus, sultana is the main early maturing table grape variety grown in the country. l. bo ...201121510208
profiling of resveratrol oligomers, important stress metabolites, accumulating in the leaves of hybrid vitis vinifera (merzling × teroldego) genotypes infected with plasmopara viticola.in the vitaceae, viniferins represent a relatively restricted group of trans-resveratrol oligomers with antifungal properties, thus enabling plants to cope with pathogen attack. the aim of this study was to perform isolation and structural characterization of the whole class of viniferins accumulating in the leaves of hybrid vitis vinifera (merzling × teroldego) genotypes infected with plasmopara viticola . infected leaves of resistant plants were collected 6 days after infection, extracted with ...201121510709
phenolic composition of malbec grape skins and seeds from valle de uco (mendoza, argentina) during ripening. effect of cluster thinning.the phenolic composition of malbec (vitis vinifera l.) grape skins and seeds during ripening and the effect of cluster thinning (ct) in two consecutive seasons (2008-2009) were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (hplc-dad/esi-ms). removal of 50% of clusters was performed at 40 days (t1), 80 days (t2), and 100 days after flowering (t3) in a vineyard located in southern mendoza (argentina). yield components, with the ...201121520971
generation and characterization of anti-chitinase monoclonal antibodies.class iv chitinase, an allergenic protein of vitis vinifera (grape), was purified by anion exchange chromatography and used for immunization of balb/c mice. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were raised by hybridoma technology using sp2/0 myeloma cells. finally after three limiting dilutions, six stable clones were generated. antibody isotyping showed that igg(2a), igg(2b), and igm were produced by one, two, and three of the clones, respectively. all of the mabs had kappa light chain. the affinities ...201121529287
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