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teaching neuroimages: vanishing calvarium in gorham disease. 201020938023
mapping of an anthocyanin-regulating myb transcription factor and its expression in red and green pear, pyrus communis.'max red bartlett' is a red bud mutation of the yellow pear (pyrus communis l.) cultivar 'williams' (known as 'bartlett' in north america). anthocyanins are the most important pigments for red colour in fruits. synthesis of anthocyanins is mediated by a number of well-characterized enzymes that include chalcone synthase (chs), flavanone-3-hydroxylase (f3h), dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (dfr), anthocyanidin synthase (ans), and udp-glucose:flavonoid-3-o-glucosyltransferase (ufgt). expression of the ...201020951056
genome sequence of the biocontrol agent pantoea vagans strain c9-1.pantoea vagans is a gram-negative enterobacterial plant epiphyte of a broad range of plants. here we report the 4.89-mb genome sequence of p. vagans strain c9-1 (formerly pantoea agglomerans), which is commercially registered for biological control of fire blight, a disease of pear and apple trees caused by erwinia amylovora.201020952567
differential effect of elicitors on biphenyl and dibenzofuran formation in sorbus aucuparia cell cultures.the rosaceous subtribe pyrinae (formerly subfamily maloideae) is well-known for its economically important fruit trees, such as apple and pear, and also includes sorbus aucuparia. elicitor-treated s. aucuparia cell cultures are used to study the biosynthesis of the pyrinae-specific phytoalexins, biphenyls and dibenzofurans. three biphenyls (aucuparin, noraucuparin, 2'-hydroxyaucuparin) and a dibenzofuran (eriobofuran) were isolated and structure elucidated using gc-ms and nmr. a second dibenzofu ...201020961041
treatment of gorham-stout disease with zoledronic acid and interferon-α: a case report and literature review.gorham-stout disease is a rare disease characterized by osteolysis, angiomatosis, and soft-tissue swelling. it is a diagnosis of exclusion and has an unknown etiology. chylothorax is a common complication of the disease that is associated with a high mortality rate. there is no standard of treatment. we report a case of a 16-year-old female with gorham-stout disease and recurrent pleural effusions who was successfully treated with concurrent zoledronic acid and peg-interferon α-2b.201020962674
gorham-stout disease: the experience of the rizzoli institute and review of the literature.gorham-stout disease (also known as "disappearing bone disease") was first described by jackson in 1838, but was properly defined by gorham and stout in a series of 24 patients in 1954-1955. it is a rare disease of unknown etiology (about 200 cases reported in the literature) characterized by spontaneous progressive resorption of bone without malignant proliferation of vascular structures. the diagnosis is one of exclusion and it is based on combined histological, radiological, and clinical feat ...201120972870
identification of tritrichomonas foetus pseudocysts in fresh preputial secretion samples from bulls.tritrichomonas foetus is a serious veterinary pathogen that causes bovine trichomonosis, a sexually transmitted disease that eventually leads to abortion and infertility. t. foetus has a simple life cycle that consists of only a trophozoitic form. during unfavorable environmental conditions, the trophozoites, which are polar and flagellated, can adopt a spherical shape and internalize their flagella. these rounded organisms are known as pseudocysts. although it is currently assumed that t. foetu ...201021035271
'candidatus liberibacter europaeus' sp. nov. that is associated with and transmitted by the psyllid cacopsylla pyri apparently behaves as an endophyte rather than a pathogen.'candidatus liberibacter spp.' cause serious plant diseases. 'candidatus liberibacter asiaticus', 'ca. l. americanus' and 'ca. l. africanus' are the aetiological agents of citrus greening (huanglongbing) in asia, america and africa. 'candidatus liberibacter solanacearum' causes diseases in solanaceae in america and new zealand. all four species are vectored by psyllid insects of different genera. here, we show that the pear psyllid pest cacopsylla pyri (l.) hosts a novel liberibacter species tha ...201021040355
could local deliver of bisphosphonates be a new therapeutic choice for gorham-stout syndrome?the gorham-stout syndrome is a rare condition in which spontaneous, progressive resorption of bone occurs. even though the prognosis of the condition is generally considered to be good, gorham-stout syndrome can cause severe debilitation. in approximately 13% of recorded cases, death ensues. the treatment modalities for gorham-stout syndrome include surgery, radiation therapy, anti-osteoclastic medications, however there is no known successful treatment. to date, the etiology of gorham-stout syn ...201121044823
selenium accumulation, distribution, and speciation in spineless prickly pear cactus: a drought- and salt-tolerant, selenium-enriched nutraceutical fruit crop for biofortified foods.the organ-specific accumulation, spatial distribution, and chemical speciation of selenium (se) were previously unknown for any species of cactus. we investigated se in opuntia ficus-indica using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, microfocused x-ray fluorescence elemental and chemical mapping (μxrf), se k-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structure (xanes) spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms). μxrf showed se concentrated inside small conic, vestigial leaves ...201021059825
exposure to methoxyfenozide-treated surfaces reduces the responsiveness of adult male codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) to codlemone and pear ester lures in a wind tunnel.the responsiveness of male codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.) (lepidoptera: tortricidae), exposed to surfaces treated with the ecdysteroid agonist methoxyfenozide, toward lures loaded with the synthetic sex pheromone codlemone and/or the pear ester kairomone were investigated in wind tunnel experiments. five different kinds of commercially available codling moth monitoring lures (obtained from tr6c6 inc., adair, ok) were used in the bioassay: pherocon cm standard lure (loaded with 1 mg of codlem ...201021061970
complete genome sequence of japanese erwinia strain ejp617, a bacterial shoot blight pathogen of pear.the japanese erwinia strain ejp617 is a plant pathogen that causes bacterial shoot blight of pear in japan. here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain ejp617 isolated from nashi pears in japan to provide further valuable insight among related erwinia species.201021075933
phenotypic and genotypic characterization vibrio cholerae o139 of clinical and aquatic isolates in china.to enhance the understanding of epidemiological impact of environmental vibrio cholerae o139 strains, we characterized 10 clinical and 20 environmental isolates collected from human clinical samples and pear river estuary during 2006 to 2008. isolates were tested by pcr for eight virulence genes: cholera toxin (ctxa), zonula occludens toxin (zot), accessory cholera enterotoxin (ace), hemolysin (hlya), nag-specific heat-stable toxin (st), toxin-coregulated pilus (tcpa), outer membrane protein (om ...201021079963
anesthetic management of a pregnant woman with gorham-stout disease.gorham-stout disease is a rare disorder of bone loss and proliferation of lymphatic and vascular tissue (lymphangiomatosis). a 30-year-old nulliparous woman with gorham-stout disease presented at 8weeks of gestation with a fused cervical spine. at 31weeks she developed basilar invagination and neurological symptoms that were managed with a neck brace. anesthetic considerations were those of airway compromise, development of severe preeclampsia and kasabach-merritt coagulopathy. elective tracheos ...201121111606
chronic recurrent gorham-stout syndrome with cutaneous involvement.type iv osteolysis or gorham-stout syndrome is a rare condition characterized by recurrent vascular tumors that disrupt normal anatomical architecture. gorham-stout syndrome is most commonly associated with the skeletal system with resulting replacement of bone with scar tissue following tumor regression. the loss of entire bones has given gorham-stout syndrome the moniker vanishing bone disease. natural progression of gorham-stout syndrome is characterized by spontaneous disease resolution. how ...201021139956
multicystic bone disease (gorham-stout syndrome) in a spider monkey (ateles geoffroyi ).in april 2000, a 2.5-year-old pet female geoffroyi's spider monkey presented for reduced activity, a subdued demeanor, and boney enlargement involving both radii.201021158869
orbital roof encephalocele mimicking a destructive neoplasm.the purpose of this case report is to report an orbital roof encephalocele mimicking a destructive orbital neoplasm. orbital roof encephalocele is uncommon but can mimic neoplasm. one potential mechanism for the orbital roof destruction is a post-traumatic "growing orbital roof fracture." the growing fracture has been reported mostly in children but can occur in adults. alternative potential etiologies for the encephalocele are discussed, including gorham syndrome. orbital roof encephalocele is ...201121178797
gorham-stout syndrome with chylothorax in a six-year-old boy.gorham-stout syndrome, also called "disappearing bone disease, diffuse cystic angiomatosis of bone, disseminated lymphangiomatosis, gorham's vanishing bone disease, phantom bone disease or idiopathic massive osteolysis, is a rare disease of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. it is characterized by rapidly progressive localized massive osteolysis associated with proliferation of vascular structures of benign origin in which the absence of new bone formation is representative. when it is complicat ...201121188554
insecticidal activity against bemisia tabaci biotype b of peel essential oil of citrus sinensis var. pear and citrus aurantium cultivated in northeast brazil.the fumigant action of peel essential oils of citrus sinensis var. pear (pear orange = po) and c. aurantium (bitter orange = bo) from the northeast of brazil were evaluated against bemisia tabaci biotype b and compared with eugenol as a positive control. the oil concentration in the po at 8.5 microl/l of air caused 97% mortality, while the oil concentration of bo at 9.5 microl/l of air caused 99% mortality. however, the lc50 estimates for both oils (lc50 = 3.80 microl/l of air for po and lc50 = ...201021213990
horizontal gene and chromosome transfer in plant pathogenic fungi affecting host range.plant pathogenic fungi adapt quickly to changing environments including overcoming plant disease resistance genes. this is usually achieved by mutations in single effector genes of the pathogens, enabling them to avoid recognition by the host plant. in addition, horizontal gene transfer (hgt) and horizontal chromosome transfer (hct) provide a means for pathogens to broaden their host range. recently, several reports have appeared in the literature on hgt, hct and hybridization between plant path ...201121223323
pesticide residue analysis of fruit juices by lc-ms/ms direct injection. one year pilot survey.for this work, thirteen types of fruit juices (orange, pineapple, peach, apple, multifruit, mango, strawberry, tomato, pear, mandarin, grape, banana and grapefruit) were selected to develop an analytical method for the analysis of 53 pesticides by direct injection in lc-ms/ms. the preparation of the samples was very simple: an aliquot of the juice was centrifuged and it was ten-times diluted prior to analysis, which allowed reducing considerably the time and cost of the analyses. besides, diluti ...201121238751
the outer membrane protein tolc is required for phytoalexin resistance and virulence of the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora.erwinia amylovora causes fire blight on several plant species such as apple and pear, which produce diverse phytoalexins as defence mechanisms. an evolutionary successful pathogen thus must develop resistance mechanisms towards these toxic compounds. the e. amylovora outer membrane protein, tolc, might mediate phytoalexin resistance through its interaction with the multidrug efflux pump, acrab. to prove this, a tolc mutant and an acrb/tolc double mutant were constructed. the minimal inhibitory c ...200921255278
a novel sterol desaturase-like protein promoting dealkylation of phytosterols in tetrahymena thermophila.the gene ttherm_00438800 (des24) from the ciliate tetrahymena thermophila encodes a protein with three conserved histidine clusters, typical of the fatty acid hydroxylase superfamily. despite its high similarity to sterol desaturase-like enzymes, the phylogenetic analysis groups des24p in a separate cluster more related to bacterial than to eukaryotic proteins, suggesting a possible horizontal gene transfer event. a somatic knockout of des24 revealed that the gene encodes a protein, des24p, whic ...201121257793
characterization of the rcsc sensor kinase from erwinia amylovora and other enterobacteria.rcsc is a hybrid sensor kinase which contains a sensor domain, a histidine kinase domain, and a receiver domain. we have previously demonstrated that, although the erwinia amylovora rcsc mutant produces more amylovoran than the wild-type (wt) strain in vitro, the mutant remains nonpathogenic on both immature pear fruit and apple plants. in this study, we have comparatively characterized the erwinia rcsc and its homologs from various enterobacteria. results demonstrate that expression of the erwi ...201121261468
hypersensitive response and acyl-homoserine lactone production of the fire blight antagonists erwinia tasmaniensis and erwinia billingiae.fire blight caused by the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora can be controlled by antagonistic microorganisms. we characterized epiphytic bacteria isolated from healthy apple and pear trees in australia, named erwinia tasmaniensis, and the epiphytic bacterium erwinia billingiae from england for physiological properties, interaction with plants and interference with growth of e. amylovora. they reduced symptom formation by the fire blight pathogen on immature pears and the colonization of ...200821261861
[research advances in the effects of host plant volatiles on cydia pomonella behaviors and the application of the volatiles in pest control].codling moth (cydia pomonella) is a worldwide pest of stone fruit trees, and an important quarantine target in china. its occurrence, damage, and potential expansion in this country should be seriously concerned. host plant volatiles, the species-specific attractants of c. pomonella, have attracted extensive attention. this paper reviewed the researches on the interactions between host plant source volatiles and c. pomonella, with the focus on the effects of the volatiles on the behaviors of c. ...201021265171
ordinary glomeruli in the antennal lobe of male and female tortricid moth grapholita molesta (busck) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) process sex pheromone and host-plant volatiles.both sexes of grapholita molesta, a key pest of stone fruits, are able to detect host-plant volatiles and the sex pheromone emitted by females, and to modify their behaviour accordingly. how olfactory information is processed in the central nervous system is unknown. intracellular recordings and stainings were used to characterize antennal lobe (al) neuron responses to single pheromone components, a behaviourally active blend of five peach volatiles and a pear-fruit ester. al neurons with differ ...201121270313
ultrasonographic characterization of the liver, caudal vena cava, portal vein, and gallbladder in goats.to characterize the localization, visible extent (ie, measurement of selected dimensions), and appearance of the liver, caudal vena cava, portal vein, and gallbladder during ultrasonography in healthy goats.201121281196
molecular variability analyses of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus capsid protein.the complete sequences of the coat protein (cp) gene of 26 isolates of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (aclsv) from india were determined. the isolates were obtained from various pome (apple, pear and quince) and stone (plum, peach, apricot, almond and wild himalayan cherry) fruit trees. other previously characterized aclsv isolates and trichoviruses were used for comparative analysis. indian aclsv isolates among themselves and with isolates from elsewhere in the world shared 91-100% and 70-98% ...201021289443
complete genome sequence of pirellula staleyi type strain (atcc 27377).pirellula staleyi schlesner and hirsch 1987 is the type species of the genus pirellula of the family planctomycetaceae. members of this pear- or teardrop-shaped bacterium show a clearly visible pointed attachment pole and can be distinguished from other planctomycetes by a lack of true stalks. strains closely related to the species have been isolated from fresh and brackish water, as well as from hypersaline lakes. here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome ...200921304671
complete genome sequence of planctomyces limnophilus type strain (mü 290).planctomyces limnophilus hirsch and müller 1986 belongs to the order planctomycetales, which differs from other bacterial taxa by several distinctive features such as internal cell compartmentalization, multiplication by forming buds directly from the spherical, ovoid or pear-shaped mother cell and a cell wall which is stabilized by a proteinaceous layer rather than a peptidoglycan layer. besides pirellula staleyi, this is the second completed genome sequence of the family planctomycetaceae. p. ...201021304691
improvement of the efficacy of linear undecapeptides against plant-pathogenic bacteria by incorporation of d-amino acids.a set of 31 undecapeptides, incorporating 1 to 11 d-amino acids and derived from the antimicrobial peptide bp100 (kklfkkilkyl-nh(2)), was designed and synthesized. this set was evaluated for inhibition of growth of the plant-pathogenic bacteria erwinia amylovora, pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, and xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, hemolysis, and protease degradation. two derivatives were as active as bp100, and 10 peptides displayed improved activity, with the all-d isomer being the mo ...201121335383
gorham-stout syndrome of the pelvic girdle treated by radiation therapy: a case report.the gorham-stout syndrome (gss) is a rare, benign idiopathic and progressive disorder causing massive osteolysis due to a vascular hyperproliferation replacing the bony structure. clinical experience concerning the efficacy of radiation therapy (rt) is limited to about 50 of an overall 200 cases reported worldwide.201121336714
radiation therapy for gorham-stout syndrome: results of a national patterns-of-care study and literature review.the german cooperative group on radiotherapy for benign diseases conducted a national patterns-of-care study to investigate the value of radiation therapy (rt) in the management of gorham-stout syndrome.201121345608
housing and feeding of xenopus laevis.introductiongood animal husbandry is vital for maintaining a healthy frog population. this requires some effort but is generally rewarded by high-quality egg and embryo production. a healthy frog is placid, with moderately slimy skin and a nice pear shape. jumpy frogs, frogs with dry or excessively slimy skin, bloated frogs, and frogs that look gray and thin or reddish are not healthy and should not be used for egg collection, as this would lead to further deterioration of the animals' condition ...200721357089
oxidative stress responses and root lignification induced by fe deficiency conditions in pear and quince genotypes.we analysed pyrus communis cv. conference and cydonia oblonga ba29, differently tolerant to lime-induced chlorosis, to identify the key mechanisms involved in their different performance under fe deficiency induced by the absence of fe (-fe) or by the presence of bicarbonate (+febic). under our experimental conditions, a decrease in root elongation was observed in ba29 under bicarbonate supply. superoxide dismutase (sod) and peroxidase (pod) activities were analysed and the relative isoforms wer ...201121389006
tissue culture and top-fruit tree species.the commercial cultivation of rosaceous fruit trees (e.g., pear, apple, cherry, peach, plum) relies heavily upon the quality and performance of the rootstocks. this is even more the case now that self-rooted scions produce larger trees with a longer juvenile phase (1). it would, therefore, be of special interest for the fruit breeder to have general purpose rootstocks with a wide ecophysiological adaptation and high compatibility coupled with early cropping. in addition, many of the older and hi ...199021390607
determination of dodine in fruit samples by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.a rapid and sensitive lc/electrospray ionization-ms/ms method has been developed for the determination of dodine in fruit samples. based on a liquid-liquid extraction of 10 g solid fruit homogenate using an acetone-dichloromethane-hexane mixture and acetate ammonium buffer (ph 4.5), this lc/ms/ms procedure was characterized by recoveries above 50%, with good intra-assay precision (rsd < 13%) and interassay precision (rsd < 18%) for seven different matrixes (apple, apricot, cherry, peach, pear, p ...201121391507
nutritive value and chemical composition of prickly pear seeds (opuntia ficus indica l.) growing in turkey.the proximate composition and physico-chemical properties (moisture, crude lipid, crude protein, ash, and crude fiber, peroxide value, saponification value, acidity, relative density and refractive index) of prickly pear seed and corresponding oil were determined. the mineral contents (ca, cu, fe, k, mg, na, p, mn and zn) of samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. minerals determined were: calcium 471.2-ámg/kg, potassium 532.7-ámg/kg, magnesium 117.3-ámg ...201121391790
sequence diversity and potential recombination events in the coat protein gene of apple stem pitting virus.the variability of the apple stem pitting virus (aspv) coat protein (cp) gene was investigated. the cp gene of ten virus isolates from apple and pear trees was sequenced. comparison of all sequenced virus isolates revealed high diversity of the cp gene (70.7-93.5% at the nucleotide level and 77.8-98.7% at the amino acid level). additionally, one or two deletions in the n-terminal part of the coat protein gene of the studied virus isolates were identified. the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous ...201121402110
selection of a biocontrol agent based on a potential mechanism of action: degradation of nicotinic acid, a growth factor essential for erwinia amylovora.this work describes a medium-based screening method for selecting microbial biocontrol agents against erwinia amylovora based on the degradation of a specific growth factor. erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of the devastating fire blight disease, requires nicotinic acid or nicotinamide as an essential growth factor. potential biocontrol agents are either selected for antimicrobial production in plate or directly on immature pears or apple blossoms. in this work, we have attempted to streamlin ...201021404214
mineral and heavy metal contents of the outer and inner tissues of commonly used fruits.the rate of heavy metal pollution in some minor fruit samples growing at roadsides in turkey were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (icp-aes). the mineral contents of samples were found to be different depending on the several parts citrus fruits. the highest minor and heavy metal levels for citrus fruits were determined between 17.24 and 45.30 mg/kg boron, 2.08 and 15.05 mg/kg copper, 1.01 and 16.00 mg/kg iron and 2.35 and 9.87 mg/kg zinc. boron content range ...201121409363
differential expression of proteins in red pear following fruit bagging treatment.fruit bagging is a very effective method for study of fruit qualities and anthocyanin synthesis. the characterization of differentially expressed proteins that were isolated from both bagged and normal fruit skin tissue is apparently an essential parameter for understanding the effect of shading on fruit qualities and to understand the mechanism of fruit coloring in pyrus communis. proteome maps of both bagged and normal p. communis 'placer' fruit skin were obtained by performing two-dimensional ...201121409615
re-evaluation of pathogens causing valsa canker on apple in china.valsa canker is a destructive disease on apple that causes serious economic losses in eastern asia. in the present study fungal isolates from cankered apple and pear bark were examined and compared with morphology and rdna-its sequences. valsa mali was confirmed to be an independent species and a causal pathogen of valsa canker on apple and pear in china. it was the predominant species (96.7% of isolates) on apple and was complemented by v. malicola (3.3% of isolates). significant intraspecific ...201121415290
iron homeostasis and fire blight susceptibility in transgenic pear plants overexpressing a pea ferritin gene.the bacterial pathogen erwinia amylovora causes the devastating disease known as fire blight in some rosaceous plants including apple and pear. one of the pathogenicity factors affecting fire blight development is the production of a siderophore, desferrioxamine, which overcomes the limiting conditions in plant tissues and also protects bacteria against active oxygen species. in this paper we examine the effect of an iron chelator protein encoded by the pea ferritin gene on the fire blight susce ...201121421420
the hrpn effector of erwinia amylovora, which is involved in type iii translocation, contributes directly or indirectly to callose elicitation on apple leaves.erwinia amylovora is responsible for fire blight of apple and pear trees. its pathogenicity depends on a type iii secretion system (t3ss) mediating the translocation of effectors into the plant cell. the dspa/e effector suppresses callose deposition on apple leaves. we found that e. amylovora and pseudomonas syringae dc3000 tts mutants or peptide flg22 do not trigger callose deposition as strongly as the dspa/e mutant on apple leaves. this suggests that, on apple leaves, callose deposition is po ...201121463207
eop1 from a rubus strain of erwinia amylovora functions as a host-range limiting factor.strains of erwinia amylovora, the bacterium causing the disease fire blight of rosaceous plants, are separated into two groups based on host range: spiraeoideae and rubus strains. spiraeoideae strains have wide host ranges, infecting plants in many rosaceous genera, including apples and pears. in the field, rubus strains infect the genus rubus exclusively, which includes raspberries and blackberries. based on comparisons of limited sequence data from a rubus and a spiraeoideae strain, the gene e ...201121469934
comparative study of hops-containing products on human cytochrome p450-mediated metabolism.the potential for 15 different ales (6), ciders (2 apple and 1 pear), and porters (6) and 2 non-alcoholic products to affect cytochrome p450 (cyp)-mediated biotransformation and p-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of rhodamine was examined. as in our previous study, a wide range of recovered nonvolatile suspended solids dry weights were noted. aliquots were also found to have varying effects on biotransformation and efflux. distinct differences in product ability to affect the safety and efficacy of ...201121476568
temporal dynamics of the arthropod community in pear orchards intercropped with aromatic plants.background: increasing attention has been paid to enhancing biological control through habitat management in agricultural systems for enhanced pest management. pest management benefits can be realised by intercropping, which can increase natural enemy abundance and, in turn, reduce pest abundance. in this study, the composition and temporal dynamics of arthropod communities in pear orchards when intercropped with aromatic plants were investigated, and the effectiveness and applicability of aroma ...201121480464
symmetric metastatic melanoma of unknown primary, presenting as gorham-stout syndrome. 201621512676
a new myxosporean species myxobolus sclerii sp. nov. and one known species m. stomum ali et al. 2003 from two indian major carp fishes.the present communication deals with description of one new species of myxobolus (myxozoa: myxosporea: bivalvulida), m. sclerii sp. nov. infecting eye ball of catla catla (hamilton) and redescription of m. stomum infecting scales of labeo rohita (hamilton), two major carps of kanjali and ropar wetlands respectively. spores of m. sclerii sp. nov. measure 7.9-9.5(8.7 ± 1.13) × 4.3-5.7(5 ± 0.98) μm in size. parietal folds absent. polar capsules two, equal and measuring 4-5.4(4.7 ± 0.98) × 1-2.6(1.8 ...201021526031
reduction in bacterial ooze formation on immature fruitlets after preventive treatments of fosethyl-al against fire blight erwinia amylovora.fire blight, caused by the bacterium erwinia amylovora (burill winslow et al.), is a very important bacterial disease on apple and pear orchards with devastating effects in some production area and in some years. fire blight control consists in a whole strategy of measures that should start with control measures in and around the fruit tree nurseries. only the use of vacciplant (laminarin), an inducer of the self-defence mechanism, is registered in belgium since 2009. in other european countries ...201021534464
new remarkable records of microfungi from sardinia (italy).in june 2009 we organized a botanical student excursion to the eastern part of sardinia, italy. on this occasion we were able to collect and identify over 80 species of microfungi growing on higher plants. the collecting sites were spread over a large area, among them were la caletta, capo comino, monte albo, cala gonone, monte maccione, san teodoro, capo testa. the collected microfungi were parasitic or saprophytic; basidiomycotina (uredinales), ascomycotina and deuteromycotina (hyphomycetes, c ...201021534478
immersion of 'coscia' pear fruit in water at 55 degrees c for 60 sec controls penicillium expansum decay and delays ripening during short storage.'coscia' is an early ripening pear with a short postharvest life (1 month) and chemical treatments to prevent decay are generally not undertaken. this, along with the fast deterioration under shelf-life conditions, makes it difficult to contain postharvest moulds. 1-methylcyclopropene (1-mcp) has been employed with success to delay ripening and, as a co-effect, the development of decay was contained, but this treatment is not allowed for organically grown crops. here we report the results of an ...201021534485
carboxymethyl cellulose coating and low-dose gamma irradiation improves storage quality and shelf life of pear (pyrus communis l., cv. bartlett/william).carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc) coatings alone and in combination with gamma irradiation were tested for maintaining the storage quality and extending shelf life of pear. matured green pears were cmc coated at levels 0.25% to 1.0% w/v and gamma irradiated at 1.5 kgy. the treated fruit including control was stored under ambient (temperature 25 ± 2 °c, rh 70%) and refrigerated (temperature 3 ± 1 °c, rh 80%) conditions. irradiation alone at 1.5 kgy gave 8 and 4 d extension in shelf life of pear follo ...201621535615
integrated management of phytoplasma diseases in pome fruit: an overview of efficacy results of ipm insecticides against pear psylla (cacopsylla pyri).phytoplasmas are plant pathogenic mollicutes that cause devastating diseases in various crops worldwide. the closely related pome fruit tree phytoplasmas candidatus phytoplasma mali and candidatus phytoplasma pyri are the causal agents of apple proliferation and pear decline, respectively. they can be transmitted from tree to tree by psyllidae. as pear suckers (cacopsylla pyri) are widely considered to be the most important pest in pear orchards, a good control of this insect vector is a key ele ...201021539243
from the cover: neuroanatomical dissociation for taxonomic and thematic knowledge in the human brain.it is thought that semantic memory represents taxonomic information differently from thematic information. this study investigated the neural basis for the taxonomic-thematic distinction in a unique way. we gathered picture-naming errors from 86 individuals with poststroke language impairment (aphasia). error rates were determined separately for taxonomic errors ("pear" in response to apple) and thematic errors ("worm" in response to apple), and their shared variance was regressed out of each me ...201121540329
[promoting effect of chlamydia pneumoniae infection on human laryngeal carcinoma hep-2 cell adhesion and migration].to explore the effect of chlamydia pneumoniae (c.pn) infection on human laryngeal carcinoma cell line hep-2 cell adhesion and migration, to further clarify the role and mechanism of c.pn infection in tumor metastasis.201121575458
first record of the adventive oriental aphid schizaphis piricola (matsumura, 1917) (hemiptera, aphididae) in europe.the oriental aphid schizaphis piricola (matsumura) is recorded for the first time in europe, on the ornamental pear tree pyrus calleryana in landscaped areas in madrid (spain). data on the morphology of the forms on primary host (apterous and alate fundatrigeniae and fundatrices), and their biology and distribution are given. the keys for identifying species of schizaphis (schizaphis) in the iberian peninsula are updated. two species of aphids are also recorded for the first time on pyrus caller ...201121594084
definition and revision of the orthrius-group of genera (coleoptera, cleridae, clerinae).an "orthrius-group" of genera is proposed, and defined to include aphelochroa quedenfeldt, 1885; caridopus schenkling, 1908; dozocolletus chevrolat, 1842; gyponyx gorham, 1883; languropilus pic, 1940; orthrius gorham, 1876; pieleus pic, 1940; xenorthrius gorham, 1892; plus three new genera neorthriusgen. n., nonalatusgen. n. and pseudoastigmusgen. n. a phylogeny of the 11 constituent orthrius-group genera (analysis of 22 morphological characters using clerus geoffroy as the out-group taxon was p ...201121594111
a case report of gorham-stout syndrome remission. 201221598027
a novel treatment approach for paediatric gorham-stout syndrome with chylothorax.to expand the treatment options in paediatric gorham-stout syndrome (gss) when conventional therapy is ineffective.201121605166
phenotypic plasticity of stem water potential correlates with crop load in horticultural trees.conceptual models accounting for the influence of source:sink ratio on water relations of trees are theoretically relevant from a physiological perspective and practically important for irrigation scheduling. midday stem water potential of horticultural trees often declines with increasing crop load but the actual response depends on environmental, management and plant factors. here we advance a quantitative synthesis of the response of stem water potential to crop load from the perspective of p ...201121636690
asynchronous development of stigmatic receptivity in the pear (pyrus communis; rosaceae) flower.while stigma anatomy is well documented for a good number of species, little information is available on the acquisition and cessation of stigmatic receptivity. the aim of this work is to characterize the development of stigma receptivity, from anthesis to stigma degeneration, in the pentacarpellar pear (pyrus communis) flower. stigma development and stigmatic receptivity were monitored over two consecutive years, as the capacity of the stigmas to offer support for pollen germination and pollen ...200321659082
intraosseous csf fistula in a patient with gorham disease resulting in intracranial hypotension.a 7-year-old girl with a history of headaches and gorham disease was surgically treated in infancy for chiari i malformation. subsequent investigation revealed that her cerebellar tonsillar ectopia was due to a long-standing spinal csf-lymphatic fistula causing intracranial hypotension. percutaneous fistula closure was performed several times, resulting in transient symptomatic improvement.201121659480
how to prevent ripening blockage in 1-mcp-treated 'conference' pears.some european pear varieties treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-mcp) often remain 'evergreen', meaning that their ripening process is blocked and does not resume after removal from cold storage. in this work this was confirmed also to be the case in 'conference' pears. to reverse the blockage of ripening 1-mcp treatments combined with external exogenous ethylene were tested.201121681757
[gorham-stout syndrome--a case report]. 201321725909
genetic inferences about the population dynamics of codling moth females at a local scale.estimation of demographic parameters is important for understanding the functioning of natural populations and the underlying ecological and evolutionary processes that may impact their dynamics. here, we used sibship assignment methods to shed light on the local dynamics of codling moth females in eight orchards in a 90-ha domain near valence, france. based on full-sib inference among 1,063 genotyped moths, we estimated (1) the effective number of females that had offspring, (2) their fertility ...201121786027
[polymorphism of microsatellite loci in cultivars and species of pear (pyrus l.)].using five ssr markers, polymorphism ofmicrosatellite loci was examined in 46 cultivars and five species of pear (pyrus ussuriensis, p. bretscgneideri, p. pyraster, and p. elaegnifolia). most of the accessions examined demonstrated the presence of unique allele sets. the degree of relationship between russian and western european pear cultivar was established. it was demonstrated that p. ussuriensis and its first generation progeny were genetically distant from typical cultivars of p. communis, ...201121786670
molecular and physiological properties of bacteriophages from north america and germany affecting the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora.for possible control of fire blight affecting apple and pear trees, we characterized erwinia amylovora phages from north america and germany. the genome size determined by electron microscopy (em) was confirmed by sequence data and major coat proteins were identified from gel bands by mass spectroscopy. by their morphology from em data, fea1h and fea100 were assigned to the podoviridae and fea104 and fea116 to the myoviridae. host ranges were essentially confined to e. amylovora, strains of the ...201121791029
stylet penetration of cacopsylla pyri; an electrical penetration graph (epg) study.detailed information on plant penetration activities by pear psylla cacopsylla pyri l. (hemiptera psyllidae) is essential to study phytoplasma transmission of "candidatus phytoplasma pyri" responsible of pear decline disease (pd) and to trace and evaluate resistant traits in new pear tree selections for advanced breeding programs. the electrical penetration graph technique or (full) epg may relevantly contribute to this knowledge. c. pyri epg waveforms were characterized on basis of amplitude, f ...201121802423
headspace-single drop microextraction (hs-sdme) in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) to evaluate the content of alkyl- and methoxy-phenolic compounds in biomass smoke.the content of ten phenolic compounds present in four different biomass smoke materials: rock rose (cistus monpelienisis), prickly pear (opuntia ficus indica), pine needles (pinus canariensis), and almonds skin (prunus dulcis), have been evaluated. the sampling method mainly consisted of a trap alkaline solution to solubilize the phenols, and was optimized by an experimental design. average sampling efficiencies of 78.1% and an average precision value of 10.6% (as relative standard deviation, rs ...201121807181
genetic characterization of the hrpl regulon of the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora reveals novel virulence factors.the bacterial pathogen erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, an economically significant disease of apple and pear. disease initiation by e.ôçâamylovora requires the translocation of effector proteins into host cells via the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) type iii secretion system (t3ss). the alternative sigma factor hrpl positively regulates the transcription of structural and translocated components of the t3ss via hrp promoter elements. to characterize genome- ...201121831138
vermouth technology of production and quality characteristics.the aperitif wine, known as vermouth, is primarily prepared by adding a mixture of herbs and spices or their extract to a base wine. as such, it could also be called aromatized liquor, or a fortified wine. various plant parts, such as seeds, wood, leaves, bark, or roots in dry form can be used in flavoring. these additives may be infused, macerated, or distilled in a base white wine, or added at various stages of preparation. the final liquid is filtered, pasteurized, and fortified (by the addit ...201121867897
microencapsulated pear ester enhances insecticide efficacy in walnuts for codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) and navel orangeworm (lepidoptera: pyralidae).the efficacy of combining insecticides with a microencapsulated formulation of ethyl (2e,4z) -2,4-decadienoate (pear ester, pe-mec) was evaluated in walnuts, juglans regia l., for codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.) (lepidoptera: tortricidae), and navel orangeworm, amyelois transitella walker (lepidoptera, pyralidae). two types of studies were conducted to compare the use of insecticides with and without pe-mec. in the first study, pe-mec in combination with reduced rates of insecticides, includi ...201121882697
polarized growth in fungi: symmetry breaking and hyphal formation.cell shape is a critical determinant for function. the baker's yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae changes shape in response to its environment, growing by budding in rich nutrients, forming invasive pseudohyphal filaments in nutrient poor conditions and pear shaped shmoos for growth towards a partner during mating. the human opportunistic pathogen candida albicans can switch from budding to hyphal growth, in response to numerous environmental stimuli to colonize and invade its host. hyphal growth, t ...201121906692
complete genomic sequence analyses of apple stem pitting virus isolates from china.the complete genomic sequences of a chinese aspv isolates kl1 and kl9 were determined from ten overlapping cdna clones. the genomes of both isolates were 9265 nucleotides excluding the poly (a) tail and contained five open reading frames (orfs). the identities between two complete genomes were 92.5% at nt level. multiple alignment of the amino acid sequences showed that 110 aa variations between two genomic sequences and the variable domains mainly distributed in 5'-terminal of orf1, orf3, and o ...201221909953
new records of eriophyoid mites (acari: prostigmata: eriophyoidea) from saudi arabia.a field study was conducted to investigate eriophyoid mites associated with some fruit trees in riyadh, saudi arabia. the survey was carried out in four localities (el-waseel, al-beer, al-haiyer and el-deriya) and included seven species of fruit trees, namely olives (olea europea), fig (ficus carica), grapes (vitis vinifera), apple (malus domestica), citrus (citrus spp.), pomegranate (punica granatum) and pear (pyrus communis). seven new records of eriophyoid species (aceria benghalensis soliman ...201121916261
progressively bilateral resorption of the mandible.we describe a case of arrested spontaneous mandibular resorption for which there was no effective treatment. a 32-year-old male patient presented to our department with mandibular resorption so severe that the residual mandibular body bone resembled chopsticks. a provisional diagnosis of gorham-stout syndrome (gss) was made. vegf levels found in plasma and tissue fluid was believed to be a possible marker for the condition. although there was no histological evidence for the diagnosis, a combina ...201221925893
a study of thought, language and communication (t.l.c) disorders in schizophrnia.this study examines in detail - i) the magnitude, nature and severity of thought disorder in schizophrenia, ii) the correlations between type and severity of thought disorder with socio-demographic and clinical variables, and iii) differences between different subtypes of schizophrenia. forty five schizophrenics (research diagnostic criteria) were assessed by 'live' interview as well as tape recorded interviews. instruments used for assessment were (a) scale for assessment of thought, language a ...198821927321
juice blends--a way of utilization of under-utilized fruits, vegetables, and spices: a review.the post-harvest shelf life of maximum of fruits and vegetables is very limited due to their perishable nature. in india more then 20-25 percent of fruits and vegetables are spoiled before utilization. despite being the world's second largest producer of fruits and vegetables, in india only 1.5 percent of the total fruits and vegetables produced are processed. maximum amounts of fruit and vegetable juices turn bitter after extraction due to conversion of chemical compounds. in spite of being und ...201121929332
Genome-Wide Identification of Genes Regulated by the Rcs Phosphorelay System in Erwinia amylovora.The exopolysaccharide amylovoran is one of the major pathogenicity factors in Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight of apples and pears. We have previously demonstrated that the RcsBCD phosphorelay system is essential for virulence by controlling amylovoran biosynthesis. We have also found that the hybrid sensor kinase RcsC differentially regulates amylovoran production in vitro and in vivo. To further understand how the Rcs system regulates E. amylovora virulence gene expression, w ...201221936662
the mycotoxin, patulin, increases the expression of pxr and ahr and their target cytochrome p450s in primary cultured human hepatocytes.the mycotoxin, patulin (pat), which is frequently found in apples, grapes, oranges, pear, peaches, and in apple juices, has previously been shown to be cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic. in this study, we have investigated the effect of pat on mrna level of pregnane x receptor (pxr), constitutive androstane receptor (car), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr), and their corresponding target cytochrome p450s. using primary cultures of adult human hepatocytes, we evaluated pat cytotoxicity on hepatoc ...201121939362
use of a multivariate approach to assess the incidence of alicyclobacillus spp. in concentrate fruit juices marketed in argentina: results of a 14-year survey.the purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of alicyclobacillus spp. in fruit/vegetable juices (concentrated pulps and clarified and non-clarified juices) marketed in argentina between 1996 and 2009. the presence of alicyclobacillus was determined in a total of 8556 samples of fruit and vegetable juices (apple, pear, grape, peach, blend of juices, tangerine, pineapple, orange, mango, plum, guava, apricot, lemon, banana, kiwi, carrot, strawberry, grapefruit, and beetroot) collected i ...201121962940
development of an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay applied to the botrytis cinerea quantification in tissues of postharvest fruits.botrytis cinerea is a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for the disease known as gray mold, which causes substantial losses of fruits at postharvest. this fungus is present often as latent infection and an apparently healthy fruit can deteriorate suddenly due to the development of this infection. for this reason, rapid and sensitive methods are necessary for its detection and quantification. this article describes the development of an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (eli ...201121970317
Histochemical screening, metabolite profiling and expression analysis reveal Rosaceae roots as the site of flavan-3-ol biosynthesis.Histochemical screening of 30 Rosaceae genera representing all classic subfamilies demonstrated flavan-3-ols (catechins) as general secondary metabolites in roots of Rosaceae. Semi-quantitative LC-MS analyses confirmed the presence of catechin, epicatechin and various dimeric flavan-3-ols (also representing higher polymeric proanthocyanidins) as prominent polyphenols in root tips of Fragaria (strawberry), Malus (apple), Rosa (rose), Pyrus (pear) and Prunus (plum). Distinct patterns of flavan-3-o ...201221973223
detection of erwinia species from the apple and pear flora by mass spectroscopy of whole cells and with novel pcr primers.to detect the apple and pear pathogens erwinia amylovora and erwinia pyrifoliae as well as the related epiphytes erwinia tasmaniensis and erwinia billingiae, we created novel pcr primers and also applied them to a series of other plant-associated bacteria as control. to facilitate fast diagnosis, we used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms).201221973322
compositional changes in 'bartlett' pear ( pyrus communis l.) cell wall polysaccharides as affected by sunlight conditions.preharvest conditions can have a great impact on fruit quality attributes and postharvest responses. firmness is an important quality attribute in pear, and excessive softening increases susceptibility to bruising and decay, thus limiting fruit postharvest life. textural characteristics of fruits are determined at least in part by cell wall structure and disassembly. few studies have analyzed the influence of fruit preharvest environment in softening, cell wall composition, and degradation. in t ...201121980919
functional characterization of an acidic sk(3) dehydrin isolated from an opuntia streptacantha cdna library.cactus pears are succulent plants of the cactaceae family adapted to extremely arid, hot and cold environments, making them excellent models for the study of molecular mechanisms underlying abiotic stress tolerance. herein, we report a directional cdna library from 12-month-old cladodes of opuntia streptacantha plants subjected to abiotic stresses. a total of 442 clones were sequenced, representing 329 cactus pear unigenes, classified into eleven functional categories. the most abundant est (uni ...201221984262
erwinia uzenensis sp. nov., a novel pathogen that affects european pear trees (pyrus communis l.).bacteria were isolated from black lesions on shoots of european pear (pyrus communis) trees in an orchard in japan this novel pathogen has been characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods, which suggested that it should belong to the genus erwinia but might not correspond to either erwinia amylovora or erwinia pyrifoliae (mizuno et al., 2010). the phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rdna, gyrb and rpod sequences indicated that it could not be assigned to any regognized species of the genus. d ...201121986725
the diagnosis and management of patients with idiopathic osteolysis.idiopathic osteolysis or disappearing bone disease is a condition characterized by the spontaneous onset of rapid destruction and resorption of a single bone or multiple bones. disappearing bone disorder is a disease of several diagnostic types. we are presenting three patients with osteolysis who have different underlying pathological features. detailed phenotypic assessment, radiologic and ct scanning, and histological and genetic testing were the baseline diagnostic tools utilized for diagnos ...201121995273
discovery of the female of pyrocoelia prolongata in taiwan (coleoptera, lampyridae).the female of pyrocoelia prolongata jeng & lai, a diurnal lampyrid species from taiwan, is described for the first time. a single individual was found in a small, shady, dry streambed at the edge of a mixed forest at 2700 m elevation. the individual glowed in darkness and would move its abdomen up and down when disturbed and as a deterring behavior. a key to the females of the species of pyrocoelia gorham in taiwan is provided. the morphology of photogenic organs of females and the function of b ...201121998501
new species, new records and new morphological characters of the genus tillicera spinola from china (coleoptera, cleridae, clerinae).two new species of the genus tillicera spinola, 1841 from china are described and illustrated: tillicera sensibilissp. n. from yunnan (also from myanmar, thailand and laos) and tillicera weniisp. n. from taiwan. tillicera bibalteata gorham, 1892, tillicera hirsuta (pic, 1926) and tillicera michaeli gerstmeier & bernhard, 2010 are newly recorded from china. tillicera auratofasciata (pic, 1927) is newly recorded in some provinces of china. a key to species of the genus from china is provided. rela ...201121998525
comparing the genetic structure of codling moth cydia pomonella (l.) from greece and france: long distance gene-flow in a sedentary pest species.codling moth cydia pomonella l. (lepidoptera: tortricidae) is the most important insect pest of apple production in europe. despite the economic importance of this pest, there is not information about the genetic structure of its population in greece and the patterns of gene-flow which might affect the success of control programs. in this study, we analysed nine samples from apple, pear and walnut from various regions of mainland greece using 11 microsatellite loci. six samples from the aforemen ...201122032419
assessing molecular and morpho-agronomical diversity and identification of issr markers associated with fruit traits in quince (cydonia oblonga).quince is a deciduous tree known to the countries around the mediterranean since antiquity. nowadays, quince is used as an ornamental plant, and as a rootstock for pear trees, with its fruit being appreciated mainly for production of jam and sweets rather than for raw consumption. quince leaves contain compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancerous properties that have been the focus of recent research on pharmaceutical and medical uses as well as for food preservatives. an orchard ...201122095599
giant gallstone: a case report.introduction: there is a high incidence of gallstones in the chilean population. presentation of case: we report on a 57-year-old man who complained of abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant. abdominal ultrasound indicated acute cholecystitis and a single, extremely large pear-shaped gallstone (16.8 cm long, and 7.8 cm at its widest point and 4.1 cm at its narrowest point). its fresh weight (at operation) was 278.0 g and, after 4 years, its dry weight was 259.5 g. emergency classical cholec ...201122096735
hopx1 in erwinia amylovora functions as an avirulence protein in apple and is regulated by hrpl.fire blight is a devastating disease of rosaceous plants caused by the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora. this pathogen delivers virulence proteins into host cells utilizing the type iii secretion system (t3ss). expression of the t3ss and of translocated and secreted substrates is activated by the alternative sigma factor hrpl, which recognizes hrp box promoters upstream of regulated genes. a collection of hidden markov model (hmm) profiles was used to identify putative hrp boxes in the ...201122123252
improved monitoring of female codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) with pear ester plus acetic acid in sex pheromone-treated orchards.the performance of clear delta traps baited with 3.0 mg of pear ester, ethyl (e,z)-2,4-decadienoate, and 5.0 ml of acetic acid in separate lures was compared with orange delta traps baited with a single lure containing 3.0 mg of both pear ester and the sex pheromone, (e,e)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone) for codling moth, cydia pomonella (l.), in apple, malus domestica (borkhausen). residual analyses and field tests demonstrated that both the pear ester and acetic acid lures were effective for ...201022127179
gorham's disease of femur.gorham's disease is a rare condition of bones characterized by spontaneous massive and progressive osteolysis. less than 200 cases have been reported so far. femur is an uncommon site of gorham disease. we report a young female, presenting as pathological fracture of the femur, wherein rapid osteolysis of femur occurred. the clinical, pathological, and radiological picture suggested a diagnosis of gorham's disease. the patient was subjected to radiotherapy (40 gys) and put on bisphosphonates. at ...201122144753
erwinia amylovora novel plasmid pei70: complete sequence, biogeography, and role in aggressiveness in the fire blight phytopathogen.comparative genomics of several strains of erwinia amylovora, a plant pathogenic bacterium causal agent of fire blight disease, revealed that its diversity is primarily attributable to the flexible genome comprised of plasmids. we recently identified and sequenced in full a novel 65.8 kb plasmid, called pei70. annotation revealed a lack of known virulence-related genes, but found evidence for a unique integrative conjugative element related to that of other plant and human pathogens. comparative ...201122174857
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