Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| spatial and temporal variations in prevalence, intensity and aggregation of microfilaria in the human host. | the prevalence, intensity and the frequency distribution of microfilaria (mf) of wuchereria bancrofti in the human blood and their variation in time (pre-vector control, control and post control periods) and space have been examined. the prevalence and intensity showed significant variation between time and different areas of urban pondicherry. the significant reduction in the prevalence and intensity of microfilaremia in the areas of high endemicity indicated that the effect of vector control w ... | 1993 | 8266237 |
| comparison of single-dose diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin for treatment of bancroftian filariasis in papua new guinea. | this double-blind study compared the clinical safety and parasitologic efficacy of single-dose regimens of diethylcarbamazine (dec) and ivermectin for treatment of bancroftian filariasis in papua new guinea. five groups of 10 men each with mean levels of parasitemia ranging from 2,985 to 5,185 microfilariae (mf)/ml were given dec (6 mg/kg of body weight one time or 1 mg/kg, then 6 mg/kg four days later) or ivermectin (220 micrograms/kg; 20 micrograms/kg, then 200 micrograms/kg four days later or ... | 1993 | 8279647 |
| bancroftian filarial pleural effusion. | this paper describes a case of filarial pleural effusion, the fifth such to be reported. microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti were detected in the pleural fluid on cytological examination. there was a prompt and complete response to treatment with diethylcarbamazine. there were, however, no symptoms and signs of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia nor any peripheral eosinophilia. | 1993 | 8290434 |
| microfilariae in a fine needle aspirate from a skin nodule. | 1994 | 8291349 | |
| community diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. | the objective of this study was to find the best tests for efficiently estimating the true prevalence of bancroftian filariasis in endemic areas. the study population comprised 427 people over 10 years of age in an endemic village in egypt. four tests were evaluated; a standardized clinical examination, night blood examinations for microfilariae (50 microl thick films and 1 ml membrane filtration), and a test for circulating filarial antigen. 191 subjects (44.75%) had at least one positive test ... | 1993 | 8296366 |
| mosquito age as a factor influencing the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti. | two mosquito species; culex pipiens and aedes caspius of different ages were experimentally infected with moderate microfilarial densities of wuchereria bancrofti and examined for their vector potential to transmit this parasite. tested age groups of cx. pipiens supported the development of the infective stage of the parasite (l3) but those of ae. caspius arrested its development especially aged mosquitoes. for cx. pipiens, infection rates and the mean number of microfilaria (mf) were found decr ... | 1993 | 8308347 |
| coexistent metastatic adenocarcinoma and microfilaria in ascitic fluid. | 1993 | 8328258 | |
| a rational approach to the control of filariasis in india. | 1993 | 8329989 | |
| the sheath of the microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti has albumin and immunoglobulin on its surface. | using direct fluorescent antibody analysis it was shown that the sheath of live microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti has human albumin and the immunoglobulin g subclasses igg1 and igg4 on its surface. | 1993 | 8332385 |
| humoral immune response during filarial fever in bancroftian filariasis. | humoral immune responses against filarial parasitic infection were studied in 62 cases of acute filarial disease presenting with filarial fever with adenolymphangitis, in a community where bancroftian filariasis was endemic, during and about one month before and after the febrile episode. their total leucocyte and differential peripheral blood cell counts and anti-streptolysin o titre were determined and compared. polymorphonuclear cellular responses and anti-streptolysin o titre did not show an ... | 1993 | 8337737 |
| [ocular filariasis with retinal detachment]. | 56-years-old patient, which worked 12 years ago in congo, has acused during the last 10 years repeated fever states, and recidived cutaneous nodules at inferior members with papulosquamous reaction. since 1992 he has had right serofibrinous pleurisy and pain, intense pruritus and lacrimation at the ocular level, together the diminish of the vision; the ophthalmoscopy revealed retinal detachment at both eyes. the blood examination shows eosinophilia and the examination in thick drop shows loa loa ... | 1993 | 8338821 |
| a study of placentas from wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic mothers. | the prevalence of transplacental transfer of microfilariae and structural lesions in the placentas of amicrofilaraemic (n = 10) and wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemic (n = 10) pregnant women from the prenatal care unit of the hospital das clinicas, recife, brazil, was investigated. study participants were selected by filtration (3 microns/13 mm) of nocturnal (2300-0100 h) venous blood. a detailed histopathological examination was performed to detect abnormalities in the placenta, the cord and ... | 1993 | 8345547 |
| serum igg reactivity with 41-, 31-, and 28-kda larval proteins of strongyloides stercoralis in individuals with strongyloidiasis. | proteins from a deoxycholate-soluble extract of strongyloides stercoralis infective larvae were separated by sds-page, blotted onto nitrocellulose paper, and reacted with sera from individuals with confirmed s. stercoralis infections (n = 100), suspected s. stercoralis infections in whom no larvae could be detected (n = 27), and other nematode infections (40 with wuchereria bancrofti, 20 with onchocerca volvulus, 20 with necator americanus, and 20 with mixed ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris tr ... | 1993 | 8354924 |
| ivermectin in the treatment of bancroftian filarial infection in orissa, india. | ivermectin treatment was evaluated for its efficacy and side reactions in sixty patients of orissa with bancroftian filarial infection and microfilaremia. ivermectin was administered as a single oral dose at four dosage levels (20, 50, 100 and 200 micrograms/kg), and both microfilarial clearance and associated side reactions were monitored in a double blind fashion. blood microfilariae were cleared in all patients at all dosages within 1 to 14 days. in most patients microfilariae reappeared by t ... | 1993 | 8362313 |
| microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in a lymph node aspirate. a case report. | microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti were detected by fine needle aspiration biopsy (fnab) in an axillary lymph node from a 27-year-old female. the patient also had intestinal tuberculosis. a routine hemogram did not show any eosinophilia, and three consecutive night blood samples also were negative for microfilariae. this was an early case of filariasis without microfilaremia and was detected by fnab of the lymph node. the association of filariasis and tuberculosis was purely coincidental. | 1993 | 8362592 |
| microfilaria in a thyroid aspirate smear: an unusual finding. | 1993 | 8362596 | |
| wuchereria bancrofti: identification of parasitic acetylcholinesterase in microfilariae infected human serum. | an antigen with cholinesterase activity was detected in the sera of patients infected with wuchereria bancrofti. the asymptomatic microfilaremic sera showed 3 to 4 times more cholinesterase activity for acetylthiocholine (atch) as compared to sera of symptomatic amicrofilaremic, hookworm infected and endemic normals, whereas the activities for butyrylthiocholine (btch) did not significantly differ. the enzyme activities from both sources, namely from sera of microfilaremic cases and from endemic ... | 1993 | 8367669 |
| safety trial of single-dose treatments with a combination of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine in bancroftian filariasis. | a supervised safety trial of the treatment with a combination of ivermectin 400 micrograms.kg-1 (iver 400) plus increasing doses of diethylcarbamazine (dec), given simultaneously in single dose, was performed on five groups of polynesian wuchereria bancrofti carriers, 49 males aged 25 to 73 years, in whom microfilaremia ranged from 1 to 6,137 mf/ml. the trial was hospital-based, open, dose-escalating (1 group per week). safety of an unchanging dose of iver 400 and ascending doses of dec were stu ... | 1993 | 8367670 |
| periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica filariasis in french polynesia. | in 1992, a study on microfilaremia periodicity was carried out on 12 wuchereria bancrofti carriers in the marquesas islands. blood samples were collected simultaneously every 4 hours during a 48 hour period by finger-prick and venipuncture for determination of microfilaremia by both blood film and membrane filtration technique methods, and for determination of antigenemia. the membrane filtration results showed no significant nycthemeral variations between the microfilaria densities at hours 16: ... | 1993 | 8367671 |
| [efficacy of ivermectin for control of microfilaremia recurring after treatment with diethylcarbamazine: immunological observation]. | we compared the effect of a single dose of ivermectin (100 micrograms/kg) with that of a standard course of diethylcarbamazine (dec) (6 mg/kg) on several parameters of the host's antifilarial immune response in 60 patients with bancroftian filariasis enrolled in a double-blind drug trial. all participants had measurable serum levels of antifilarial antibodies and parasite antigens. drug-induced clearance of microfilaremia was associated with a temporary increase in hc11 antigenemia and a decreas ... | 1993 | 8403274 |
| prevalence of filariasis in rural areas of shahjahanpur district (uttar pradesh). | night blood survey was carried out during may, 1990 to december, 1991 in 18 villages of 5 primary health centres of district shahjahanpur (up), to find out the prevalence of filariasis in the area. out of 2141 individuals surveyed randomly, 217 were found positive for microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. the microfilaria rate, filarial disease rate and filarial endemicity rates were 10.1, 11.4 and 18.8 per cent respectively. an entomological survey revealed culex quinquefasciatus as the vector ... | 1993 | 8406632 |
| clinical filarial disease in two ethnic endemic communities of orissa, india. | to evaluate the possible role of ethnicity in susceptibility to filarial infection, a comparative study of the prevalence of filarial infection was initiated in an endemic village inhabited by two ethnic populations of mainlanders and tribals. an age and sex matched sampled population of 591 mainlanders and 106 tribals was studied by detailed clinical and parasitological (60 mm3 blood) examinations. sera collected from both population groups (26 each) matched for clinical stage of infection were ... | 1993 | 8411307 |
| bancroftian filariasis in the kassena nankana district of the upper east region of ghana: a preliminary study. | a filariasis prevalence survey was conducted in april 1992 in the southern sector of the kassena nankana district which was the site of the ghana vitamin a supplementation morbidity trial. in all, 106 compounds from five different communities were randomly selected from the vitamin a trial database. all resident compound members of 10 years and above were clinically examined and blood was taken for thick films between 2100 and 0200 hours. haemoglobin levels were also measured. all the blood slid ... | 1993 | 8411308 |
| quinone analogues: a drug of choice for the control of filariasis. | human filariasis is caused by wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and b. timori. of the several recommended model filarial parasites by who, setaria digitata a bovine one has characteristics such as cyanide insensitivity, lack of detectable cytochromes, presence of two quinones q8 and q6. of the two quinones q8 seems to have a predominant role in energy production. in vitro inhibitory studies using quinone analogues, coenzyme q0 and menadione have shown that these compounds paralyse the worms in ... | 1993 | 8422245 |
| obstructive lymphatic filariasis. | 1993 | 8435614 | |
| transplacental transmission of wuchereria bancrofti in haitian women. | to document the occurrence of transplacental transmission of microfilariae and to determine how frequently it occurred, umbilical cord blood samples and placental tissues were collected from 22 microfilaria-positive women in an area with endemic wuchereria bancrofti. microfilaria (mf) counts in the women ranged from 1 to 3,820 mf/ml. microfilariae were detected in 2 placenta samples and a single cord blood sample. the positive cord blood sample and 1 of the positive placenta samples came from th ... | 1993 | 8437059 |
| the resurgence of lymphatic filariasis in the nile delta. | a study of 325,000 residents of 314 villages in six governorates of the nile delta area of egypt revealed that the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis increased from < 1% in 1965 to > 20% in 1991, especially in the governorates of qalyubiya, monufiya, dakhaliya, and giza. the distribution of the communites with endemic filariasis is focal. clusters of villages with high prevalences are surrounded by others in which the disease is absent, although their environmental, social, and agricultural feat ... | 1993 | 8440037 |
| bancroftian filariasis in an isolated hunter-gatherer shifting horticulturist group in papua new guinea. | a survey for wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia using membrane filtration was carried out among the hagahai, a recently contacted papua new guinea group of hunter-gatherer shifting horticulturists. adult men had a significantly higher microfilaraemia rate than women. children aged > 15 years had significantly fewer infections than adults and the microfilaraemia densities were considerably lower. two subjects exhibited matutinal microfilarial periodicity, peaking at approximately 06 h 00. the p ... | 1993 | 8440038 |
| comparative efficacy of clearing-dose and single high-dose ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine against wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia. | to compare the efficacy and tolerability of various combinations of low- and high-dose ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine (dec), 59 persons with wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia were enrolled in a double-blinded six-arm clinical trial in leogane, haiti. on day 1, study participants were treated with low clearing doses of ivermectin, dec, or placebo; on day 5 they received 200-400 micrograms/kg of ivermectin or 6 mg/kg of dec. adverse reactions, which were generally mild, occurred more frequent ... | 1993 | 8447520 |
| cytochemical localization of carbohydrate residues in microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. | we investigated the localization of carbohydrate residues on the surface structures of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi, using a panel of 10 different gold-labeled lectins and chitinase. the sheath, a structure that encloses the microfilariae, is not a homogeneous structure, presenting two clearly distinct layers. the outer layer is more electron dense and was not labeled with the lectins. the inner layer is less dense and was intensely labeled with lectins, especially tho ... | 1993 | 8450196 |
| microfilaria in a fine needle aspirate from a breast lump: a case report. | 1993 | 8453019 | |
| microfilaria prevalence of diurnally subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti among people having a medical checkup in american samoa in the past 17 years. | the yearly change of microfilaria (mf) prevalence rates from 1974 to 1990 was studied in american samoa with people who had medical checkups. the mf rates were found to have been kept at a low level (0.8-2.6%) in the past 17 years. the continued low prevalence reduced clinical filariasis significantly in the past 8 years. the low level of endemicity, despite very close communication with neighbouring western samoa where filariasis is much more prevalent, could be explained by the urbanized livin ... | 1993 | 8459485 |
| conservation of primary sequence of gp29, the major soluble cuticular glycoprotein, in three species of lymphatic filariae. | 1993 | 8459826 | |
| immunocytochemical localization of surface and intracellular antigens recognized by human sera in microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. | sera from patients with various clinical pictures of lymphatic filariasis, including tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe), were used for the localization of surface and intracellular antigens in microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti embedded in lowicryl k4m. very few or no antigenic sites were located on the outer face of the sheath. the most inner layer, as well as the space between the cuticle and the sheath, was intensely labeled. sera from tpe patients intensely labeled the cuticle and the ... | 1993 | 8462071 |
| treatment of subperiodic brugia malayi infection with a single dose of ivermectin. | a clinical trial on the efficacy of a single oral dose of ivermectin at 20, 50, 100, and 200 micrograms/kg was carried out in 40 subjects with subperiodic brugia malayi microfilaremia. there was no significant difference in the clearance of microfilaremia in the four treatment groups, and the lowest geometric mean microfilarial count (gmc) achieved in the 40 subjects was 8.8/ml or 8.3% of the initial count (106.1/ml), at two weeks post-treatment. the gmc started to increase at one month post-tre ... | 1993 | 8480868 |
| isolation and concentration of microfilariae from peripheral blood of wuchereria bancrofti infected patients by density gradient centrifugation. | a ficoll-hypaque gradient centrifugation technique was used for isolation and concentration of microfilariae from peripheral blood of 30 subjects with clinically and parasitologically diagnosed wuchereria bancrofti infections. 86% of the microfilariae were found in the ficoll-hypaque layer. none were detected in the plasma, leucocyte layer or lower erythrocyte layer. 14% of microfilariae were identified on the top part of the erythrocyte layer. a 35 fold concentration and 88% quantitative recove ... | 1993 | 8482873 |
| antifilarial igm versus igg antibody determination in the diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection in egyptians. | circulating antifilarial igm and igg antibodies were assessed by indirect elisa in 184 serum specimens from 80 patients with clinically and parasitologically diagnosed filarial infections (20 with acute filariasis 40 with chronic filariasis & 20 asymptomatic microfilaraemic subjects), 64 individuals with other parasitic infections, 20 parasitologically-free subjects from filariasis endemic areas and 20 normal healthy controls. a soluble surface membrane extract from dirofilaria immitis worms was ... | 1993 | 8482876 |
| hydrocele in filarial and non filarial patients. histopathological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies. | twenty biopsied material of the testicular tissue were obtained from patients with unilateral hydrocele (eight due to lymphatic filariasis and twelve of idiopathic causes). twenty biopsies lymphatic were also obtained from the normal unaffected testes and were used as control. the data obtained from histopathological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies revealed alternation in the testicular tissue with hydrocele than in the normal control testis. in the filarial hydrocele 37.5% of the cas ... | 1993 | 8482882 |
| heterogeneity in filarial-specific immune responsiveness among patients with lymphatic obstruction. | the relationship between chronic obstructive disease and antifilarial immune responsiveness was studied in the haitian community of leogane, where wuchereria bancrofti is endemic. differences in sex ratios and in the prevalence of microfilaremia were observed between patients with hydrocele and those with lymphedema or elephantiasis of the lower limb. only 2 of 84 patients with limb involvement (74 women, 10 men) were microfilaremic compared with 25 of 42 men with hydrocele. microfilaria-positiv ... | 1993 | 8486952 |
| microfilariae in bronchial brushing cytology of symptomatic pulmonary lesions. a report of two cases. | two cases of pulmonary filariasis with atypical clinical and radiologic features without significant eosinophilia are presented. a diagnosis of pulmonary filariasis could not have been made without bronchial brush cytology, which showed sheathed microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. both cases responded well to antifilarial treatment, indicating that the microfilariae were not an incidental finding but were responsible for the symptoms and radiologic lesions. | 1993 | 8498141 |
| wuchereria bancrofti: freeze-fracture study of the epicuticle of microfilariae. | the freeze-fracture technique was used to analyze the surface of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. the examination of thin sections showed that the epicuticle is formed by two closely apposed membrane-like structures, appearing as hepta-laminated structures. freeze-fracture replicas revealed the presence of two fracture faces. the outer one is smooth but presents rosette-like structures. the inner face, which is in contact with the hypodermal cells, presents a large number of particles. | 1993 | 8500588 |
| diagnostic use of filarial antibody and antigen isolated from hydrocele fluid for human filariasis. | paired samples of serum and hydrocele fluid of filarial patients associated with hydrocele were analysed for filarial antibody and antigen. sera samples showed higher titers of filarial antibody and antigen compared to their corresponding hydrocele fluid samples. hfigg isolated from hydrocele fluid was equally useful as fsigg isolated from serum and detected filarial antigen in 23 out of 26 microfilaraemic sera, 7 out of 10 chronic sera and 3 out of 18 endemic normal sera by inhibition elisa. fi ... | 1993 | 8500810 |
| analysis of human sera for filarial igm antibody using antigen fractions isolated from immune complexes. | filarial igm antibody response to various antigenic fractions isolated from immune complexes by sds-page viz., ic-2, ic-4, ic-7, and ic-9, was studied by elisa. the igm antibody response to almost all antigenic fractions was seen more in microfilaraemic group compared to the clinical filariasis group. the antibody response to ic-9 antigen fraction as compared to other fractions was found significantly higher in microfilaraemic patients than in patients with clinical manifestations. ninety percen ... | 1993 | 8505701 |
| primary structure of and immunoglobulin e response to the repeat subunit of gp15/400 from human lymphatic filarial parasites. | we have isolated and sequenced clones encoding the repeated subunit of the surface-associated glycoprotein gp15/400 from the two nematode species predominantly responsible for lymphatic filariasis in humans: brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti. the amino acid sequence of the 15-kda subunit, derived from the nucleotide sequence of the gene fragment from b. malayi, is identical to that previously reported for b. pahangi, whereas the derived w. bancrofti protein sequence differs in only 7 of 132 ... | 1993 | 8514385 |
| skin changes in filarial and non-filarial lymphoedema of the lower extremities. | the pathogenesis of lymphoedema in patients infected with wuchereria bancrofti or brugia malayi remains unclear. lymph stasis and local immunological reactions seem to play the main role. in order to discriminate between the obstructive and immunological effects of the parasite, a comparative histological study of skin specimens obtained from two groups of patients, one with filarial and the other with postsurgical lymphedema of lower extremities, was performed. in both groups patients suffered ... | 1993 | 8516632 |
| a comparison of the og4c3 antigen capture elisa, the knott test, an igg4 assay and clinical signs, in the diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. | to compare methods for diagnosing bancroftian filariasis, six hundred and seventy four people from rural areas of papua new guinea were screened using microfilaraemia, the og4c3 antigen capture elisa, an elisa to detect igg4 specific antibodies and clinical examination. both elisa tests detected around twice the number of positive cases than those detected by the presence of microfilariae alone. no correlation was found with clinical signs and laboratory tests. this study raises concern over the ... | 1993 | 8516633 |
| bancroftian filariasis in two urban areas of recife, brasil: the role of individual risk factors. | bancroftian filariasis is spreading in towns of endemic areas in recife, northeastern brazil, where it is a major public health problem. this paper deals with the prevalence of microfilaraemia and filarial disease in two urban areas of recife, studying their association with individual characteristics and variables related to the exposure to the vectors. the parasitologic survey was performed through a "door-to-door" census and microfilaraemia was examined by the thick-drop technique using 45 mi ... | 1995 | 8525268 |
| single doses of ivermectin 400 micrograms/kg-1: the most effective dosage in bancroftian filariasis. | forty-three wuchereria bancrofti carriers were given four successive semi-annual single doses of ivermectin 100 micrograms.kg-1 (iver 100). the geometric mean microfilaremia (mf) recurrence percentage as compared to the pre-initial treatment mf level was 35%, 21%, 17% and 17% at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, respectively. however, the recurrence of mf 6 months after the fourth treatment remained high in several individuals: 15 have been considered as 'bad responders' and 28 as 'good responders' indiv ... | 1995 | 8525398 |
| extensive diversity in repeat unit sequences of the cdna encoding the polyprotein antigen/allergen from the bovine lungworm dictyocaulus viviparus. | the complete sequence of the cdna encoding the nematode polyprotein allergen/antigen (npa) of the bovine lungworm dictyocaulus viviparus was obtained by immunoscreening of cdna expression libraries and by 5' race (rapid amplification of cdna ends). the encoded polypeptide is similar in sequence to the aba-1 allergen of ascaris, the gp15/400 'ladder' protein of brugia malayi, brugia pahangi and wuchereria bancrofti, and a 15-kda antigen of dirofilaria immitis. as with these, the predicted amino-a ... | 1995 | 8538702 |
| filarial vector studies in a diethylcarbamazine-treated and in untreated villages in papua new guinea. | entomological studies were undertaken in three villages in the east sepik province of papua new guinea. the inhabitants of one village, nanaha, had been treated with diethylcarbamazine (dec) to reduce the prevalence and density of microfilaraemia of wuchereria bancrofti. no intervention was undertaken in the other two villages, yauatong and musenau, in which bancroftian filariasis was present but with markedly different human prevalence rates and mean parasite densities. in yauatong, infection r ... | 1995 | 8544229 |
| follow-up investigations on clinical manifestations after filariasis eradication by diethylcarbamazine medicated common salt on kinmen (quemoy) islands, republic of china. | from may to december 1993, a house-by-house survey was conducted on the changes in clinical manifestations of filariasis among 814 pre-control mf carriers in 88 villages of five towns/districts on kinmen islands. four hundred and sixteen (51%) pre-control mf carriers were examined physically with history taking. the rates of disappearance, improvement, no change, aggravation, and new occurrence were 72% (229), 6% (26), 14% (59), 6% (24) and 2% (8), respectively. the rates of disappearance and im ... | 1995 | 8544232 |
| naturally acquired concomitant infections of bancroftian filariasis and human plasmodia in orissa. | blood smears collected from fever cases for detection of malaria parasites during daytime showed concomitant infections of wuchereria bancrofti from 1989 to 1991 in bisra phc of district sundargarh, orissa. of the total 51,448 blood smears examined, 18,444 (35.84%) were positive for malaria parasites which comprised 3401 (18.44%) plasmodium vivax, 14,524 (78.75%) p. falciparum, 156 (0.84%) p. malariae and 363 (1.97%) mixed plasmodial infections. only 240 (0.46%) cases were positive for w. bancro ... | 1995 | 8549837 |
| a novel 95-kilodalton antigen of wuchereria bancrofti infective larvae identified by species-specific monoclonal antibodies. | cba and balb/c mice produced polyspecific and monospecific polyclonal antibody responses, respectively, following immunization with wuchereria bancrofti stage-3 larvae. two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced from the immunized balb/c mouse. these mabs (both isotype m) recognized a previously undescribed highly expressed w. bancrofti antigen present in stage-3 larvae. the epitopes bound by the mabs appear to be species specific for w. bancrofti since the mabs did not bind to antigens of e ... | 1996 | 8550196 |
| lymphatic pathology in wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemic infections. | to determine the extent of lymphatic disease in persons infected with wuchereria bancrofti who were microfilaraemic, we examined the superficial lymphatics of the legs by scintigraphy. in 4 endemic control subjects and in 10 of 14 clinically asymptomatic microfilaraemic individuals, lymphoscintigraphy revealed one major channel of lymphatic drainage in each leg. however, while trunk lymphatics were bilaterally symmetrical in the control, marked differences in the calibre of lymphatic vessels wer ... | 1995 | 8560529 |
| predominant cd8+ infiltrate in limb biopsies of individuals with filarial lymphedema and elephantiasis. | in 34 individuals with a spectrum of clinical manifestations of bancroftian filariasis, we investigated whether immunoperoxidase-stained, random, superficial dermal biopsies could further elucidate the nature of the diffuse damage to superficial lymphatics that had been recently demonstrated by radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy. a total of 78% and 68% of limbs from patients with clinical disease and asymptomatic microfilaremia, respectively, contained en4+pal-e- lymphatic vessels that were abnorma ... | 1995 | 8561266 |
| advantages of an annual single dose of ivermectin 400 micrograms/kg plus diethylcarbamazine for community treatment of bancroftian filariasis. | in 1994 and 1995, 2 supervised single dose treatments for bancroftian filariasis were given to all inhabitants ( > 3500) aged > or = 3 years on a polynesian island. this island is divided into 4 political zones. each zone was treated with a different dosage of the combination ivermectin (ivr) and diethylcarbamazine (dec) as follows: (1) ivr 400 micrograms/kg plus dec 6mg/kg, (2) ivr 400 micrograms/kg alone, (3) dec 6 mg/kg alone (4) ivr 400 micrograms/kg plus dec 3 mg/kg. 1717 inhabitants (aged ... | 1995 | 8594696 |
| [role of ivermectin in the prophylaxis of lymphatic filariasis]. | 1995 | 8609822 | |
| a polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of the parasite wuchereria bancrofti in human blood samples. | to identify wuchereria bancrofti dna sequences that could be used as the basis for a simple and rapid parasite detection assay, a genomic library of w. bancrofti was constructed and screened for highly repeated dna. the repeat found with the highest copy number was 195 basepairs (bps) long, 77% at, and 300 copies per haploid genome. this sequence was designated the ssp i repeat because it has a unique recognition site for that restriction endonuclease in all or most of the repeat copies. the ssp ... | 1996 | 8615447 |
| high levels of spontaneous and parasite antigen-driven interleukin-10 production are associated with antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness in human lymphatic filariasis. | to determine whether counterregulation by interleukin (il)-10 plays a role in the generation or maintenance of the antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness seen in asymptomatic microfilaremic (mf) patients, parasite antigen (pag)- and nonparasite antigen (npag)-driven il-10 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) was studied in 10 mf patients and in ll patients with chronic lymphatic pathology (cp). pbmc from mf patients spontaneously secreted 10-fold more il-10 than did pbmc from pat ... | 1996 | 8627051 |
| immunopurification and measurement of ige in serum samples from bancroftian filariasis patients. | patent infection with wuchereria bancrofti is associated with increased levels of filaria-specific igg4 and ige. in vitro quantification of filaria-specific ige is hampered by its small proportion in serum relative to other isotypes and by potential competition with igg4 for the same epitopes on parasite antigens. to determine if igg4 or other isotypes inhibit the detection of parasite-specific ige, total ige was affinity purified prior to filaria-specific ige enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ... | 1996 | 8627493 |
| microfilariae in cytologic smears: a report of six cases. | filariasis is a major public health problem in tropical countries, including india. despite this high incidence, it is unusual to find microfilariae in fine needle aspiration cytology. (fnac) smears and body fluids. six cases of filariasis diagnosed by fnac are reported. | 1996 | 8629415 |
| the presence or absence of active infection, not clinical status, is most closely associated with cytokine responses in lymphatic filariasis. | twenty-eight brazilians from an area in which wuchereria bancrofti is endemic were classified as asymptomatic microfilaremic or having clinical filariasis with active infection or without current active infection. total accumulation of antigen-specific interleukin (il)-4 and il-5 in 48 h peripheral blood mononuclear cell supernatants was not significantly different between groups. however, when cytokine kinetics were examined, responses segregated according to infection status. sustained product ... | 1996 | 8648219 |
| evaluation of a polymerase chain reaction-based assay for diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection. | to assess the utility of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based method for diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection, blood, plasma, and paraffin-embedded tissue samples were tested using a pcr-based assay that detects a w. bancrofti-specific repetitive dna sequence. the assay was positive in 100 microl of blood from 40 of 42 microfilaria-positive subjects, the 2 subjects with negative assays having microfilarial counts of 1. samples from 127 uninfected subjects were pcr-negative. the assay w ... | 1996 | 8648232 |
| polymerase chain reaction-based technique for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti in human blood samples, hydrocele fluid, and mosquito vectors. | oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify a 490-basepair dna fragment in the 5' end of the pwb 12 repeated dna sequence in wuchereria bancrofti for specific amplification of w. bancrofti dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a single microfilaria in 100 microliter of blood or added to 1 ml of blood, a single third-stage larva in a pool of 20 uninfected mosquitoes, or 0.4 pg of w. bancrofti genomic dna added to 100 microliter of human blood or serum can be detected by this pcr method ... | 1996 | 8651375 |
| mass administration of dec-medicated salt for filariasis control in the endemic population of karaikal, south india: implementation and impact assessment. | dec (diethylcarbamazine)-medicated salt, at a concentration of 0.1 to 0.2 mg per 100 mg, was given to the entire population of karaikal (119 978) in south india for a 4-year period from 1982. the per capita consumption of dec in medicated salt was 13.3 grams for the entire period. the prevalence of microfilaraemia declined significantly from 4.5% in 1982 to 0.14% in 1985 and 0.4% in 1993. vector infection declined from 0.6% in 1982 to zero after two years. the mechanism of preparation and regula ... | 1996 | 8653820 |
| a survey of bancroftian filariasis among south-east asian expatriate workers in saudi arabia. | in a survey of bancroftian filariasis among expatriate workers from five south-east asian countries (india, bangladesh, sri lanka, thailand and the philippines) where human filariasis is endemic, 762 individuals were examined in the abha area (asir) of south-western saudi arabia. a prevalence of microfilaraemia of 3.5% and a mean mf density of 6.0/20 mm3 of blood was found among 259 indian males only. in three out of 9 microfilaraemic cases, clinical signs suggestive of filariasis were observed. ... | 1996 | 8665379 |
| studies on the periodicity and intravascular distribution of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae in paired samples of capillary and venous blood from recife, brazil. | we examined the periodicity and intravascular distribution of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae (mf) and determined the effect of these parasite properties on the accuracy of blood filming and filtration methods for diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis in the endemic area of recife, brazil. microfilariae in both venous and capillary blood exhibited a nocturnal periodicity pattern with a relatively high amplitude. overall, capillary blood contained approximately 1.25 times the number of mf presen ... | 1996 | 8665395 |
| filariasis in the kaiyamba chiefdom, moyamba district sierra leone: an epidemiological and clinical study. | in a cross-sectional epidemiological and clinical study of human filariasis, 630 individuals were examined for onchocerca volvulus, wuchereria bancrofti and mansonella perstans infections in five communities in the kaiyamba chiefdom, moyamba district, sierra leone. the overall prevalence of o. volvulus infection in males 144(39.1%) and females 94(35.9%) was not significantly different and the sex prevalence rate between communities was also not significant (g = 3, d.f. = 4, p > 0.05). prevalence ... | 1996 | 8668763 |
| apc from mice harbouring the filarial nematode, brugia malayi, prevent cellular proliferation but not cytokine production. | specific t cell hyporesponsiveness and depressed antibody production is a key feature of human infection with the filarial nematodes, brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti. despite this immune suppression, responses indicative of th2 subset activation are present, including unusually high levels of specific igg4. we tested the possibility that infection with filarial nematodes causes a reduction in the co-stimulatory or antigen-presenting capacity of macrophages resulting in a failure to activa ... | 1996 | 8671598 |
| ultrasonographic evidence of abnormal lymphatic vessels in young men with adult wuchereria bancrofti infection in the scrotal area. | we determined the prevalence and magnitude of dilatation of the lymphatic vessels of the spermatic cord in men infected with wuchereria bancrofti, which is known major cause of hydrocele in the tropics. | 1996 | 8683691 |
| transmission dynamics of wuchereria bancrofti in east sepik province, papua new guinea. | bancroftian filariasis is endemic in many areas of papua new guinea. this study describes the entomologic indices of transmission near dreikikir in east sepik province, papua new guinea. a total of 1,735 culicine mosquitoes, including culex and mansonia species, were dissected, but none were infected with filarial larvae. in contrast, anopheles punctulatus and an. koliensis were found to be potential vectors: 7.3% of anopheles were infected and the mean number of first- to third-stage larvae per ... | 1996 | 8686774 |
| short report: a case of fibrosing mediastinitis caused by wuchereria bancrofti. | wuchereria bancrofti is a mosquito-borne filarial nematode that commonly invades lymphatic vessels. common clinical manifestations include elephantiasis, orchitis, epididymitis, and chyluria. this report concerns an egyptian man who developed superior vena cava syndrome secondary to a mediastinal mass that was found to contain a filarial nematode consistent with w. bancrofti. this is the first case, to our knowledge, of this parasite causing fibrosing mediastinitis. | 1996 | 8686778 |
| diagnosis of parasites in fine needle breast aspirates. | to document the value of fine needle aspiration cytology (fnac) in the diagnosis of parasites in breast aspirates. | 1996 | 8693881 |
| behavior of wuchereria bancrofti (filariidea: onchocercidae) infective larvae in the vector aedes polynesiensis (diptera:culicidae) in relation to parasite transmission. | in french polynesia, aedes polynesiensis marks is the major vector of human filariasis caused by subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold). factors affecting transmission of infective larvae from vector to humans were assessed. the 66-100% loss of infective larvae during a blood meal was independent of the initial vector parasite burden. infective larvae were able to migrate to the mouthparts during a blood meal. blood feeding by mosquitoes to repletion was one important aspect in the escape of ... | 1996 | 8699443 |
| bancroftian filariasis: the patterns of filarial-specific immunoglobulin g1 (igg1), igg4, and circulating antigens in an endemic community of northeastern tanzania. | the profile of filarial-specific immunoglobulin g1 (igg1), igg4, and wuchereria bancrofti-specific circulating antigen (og4c3) was analyzed in individuals one year of age and older in a community with high endemicity for bancroftian filariasis. the overall microfilarial (mf) prevalence in the examined population was 29%. fifty-one percent of the population were positive for igg1 (39% among mf-positive individuals and 63% among mf-negative individuals), whereas 90% were positive for igg4 (97% amo ... | 1996 | 8702025 |
| host-parasite relationships of wuchereria bancrofti and mosquito hosts, culex pipiens l. and aedes caspius pallas. | we compared the defense mechanisms directed against wuchereria bancrofti by a filaria susceptible mosquito, culex pipiens, and a refractory one, aedes caspius. the reciprocal deleterious effects of both the mosquito host and its parasite are reported. anatomical and histological examinations of mosquitoes revealed minor differences in the general structure of the foregut of either species. the cibarial pump of ae. caspius, however, lacked a cibarial armature and damage inflicted to some of the m ... | 1996 | 8721232 |
| effect of ivermectin on survival and fecundity of culex pipiens the vector of wuchereria bancrofti in egypt. | the effect of two different doses of ivermectin on the survival and fecundity of culex pipiens was evaluated. female mosquitoes (50 in each group), same age and generation, were fed once on blood from ivermectin-treated rabbits. comparative treatments consisted of two different doses of ivermectin (0.1 mg or 0.4 mg/kg of body weight), and mosquito groups were fed on the rabbits at 3 days and 10 days post-treatment respectively. mosquitoes were maintained with 10% sucrose solution, at 25 degrees ... | 1996 | 8721237 |
| recovery of schistosoma haematobium eggs in venous blood collected for diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection. | 1996 | 8729632 | |
| the late biting habit of parous anopheles mosquitoes and pre-bedtime exposure of humans to infective female mosquitoes. | using the all-night landing catch method (18:00-06:00) we showed, for anopheles gambiae in sierra leone and a. punctulatus in papua new guinea, that parous females have a tendency to bite later than nulliparous ones. the biting habit of sporozoite-infected a. punctulatus was also investigated. the sporozoite rates for plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax were 1.8 and 1.4% respectively, but only one (1.3%) of 76 females infected with p. falciparum was caught between 18:00 and 21:00. a significantly ... | 1996 | 8730303 |
| descriptive epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis in ghana. | a national filariasis survey was conducted to determine the prevalence and distribution of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia and clinical disease associated with lymphatic filariasis in ghana. multi-stage systematic sampling was used to select households to be examined in all 10 administrative regions of the country. the results showed a high prevalence of microfilaraemia and disease with considerable regional variation in all the quantities investigated. in general, the disease was more prev ... | 1996 | 8730304 |
| occurrence of living adult wuchereria bancrofti in the scrotal area of men with microfilaraemia. | to determine the frequency with which living adult wuchereria bancrofti can be detected by ultrasound in the scrotal area of men with filarial infection, we used a 7.5 mhz transducer to perform weekly ultrasound examinations on 100 microfilaraemic men (18-34 years old) from greater recife, brazil. the peculiar pattern of movement that characterizes the adult worm image on ultrasound (the filaria dance sign) was detected in the lymphatic vessels of the spermatic cord in 80 men (bilaterally in 29 ... | 1996 | 8730313 |
| mass diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy for control of bancroftian filariasis: comparative efficacy of standard treatment and two semi-annual single-dose treatments. | the efficacy of 2 strategies for control of bancroftian filariasis using mass diethylcarbamazine (dec) chemotherapy was evaluated and compared in 2 endemic communities in tanzania with pre-treatment microfilarial (mf) prevalences of 28.5% and 17.7%, and mf geometric mean intensities (gmi) of 588 mf/ml and 251 mf/ml, respectively. all individuals in the first community were offered dec treatment with 6 mg/kg body weight given daily for 12 d (standard treatment). the second community was offered d ... | 1996 | 8730317 |
| mass diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy for control of bancroftian filariasis through community participation: comparative efficacy of a low monthly dose and medicated salt. | the efficacy of 2 strategies for the control of bancroftian filariasis using diethylcarbamazine (dec) mass chemotherapy delivered through community participation was evaluated and compared in 2 endemic communities in tanzania with pre-treatment microfilarial (mf) prevalences of 34.7% and 31.0%, and mf geometric mean intensities (gmi) of 1122 mf/ml and 933 mf/ml, respectively. in the first community, all individuals aged > or = 1 year were offered treatment for one year with a low monthly dose (5 ... | 1996 | 8730318 |
| [combinations of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine for improved control of lymphatic filariasis]. | since 1993, a three arm double-blind controlled trial was implemented in french polynesia to compare the efficacy of single doses of diethylcarbamazine (dec) 6 mg/kg vs. ivermectin (ivr) 400 micrograms/kg vs. the combination ivr 400 + dec 6 for treatment of wuchereria bancrofti mf carriers. of the 57 treated male patients, three groups of 19 were randomly selected and allocated to one of the three treatments. twelve months after the first then the second treatment (m12 then m24) respectively, 3 ... | 1996 | 8731761 |
| detection by ultrasound of living adult wuchereria bancrofti in the female breast. | 1996 | 8734956 | |
| lymphatic filariasis and the women of india. | lymphatic filariasis is a disease of the poor and underprivileged and has received little attention in the past. in particular, there has been a lack of gender sensitive research on women and lymphatic filariasis. women suffer from lymphatic filariasis to a great extent but embarrassment, shame, cultural constraints and social taboos are some of the reasons that refrain them from reporting problems and seeking help. women are thus silently bearing the brunt of this disease. this study has tried ... | 1996 | 8735896 |
| bancroftian filariasis: analysis of infection and disease in five endemic communities of north-eastern tanzania. | clinical and parasitological surveys for bancroftia filariasis were carried out in five endemic communities in north-eastern tanzania, covering a population of 3086 individuals. high microfilarial (mf) prevalences (17.7%-34.7%) and mf geometric mean intensities (251-1122 microfilariae/ml) were observed in the communities. the mf prevalence generally increased with age, but often levelled out in the older age groups. larger variability was observed in individual mf intensities and no clear associ ... | 1995 | 8745940 |
| a 16-year follow-up study on bancroftian filariasis in three communities of north-eastern tanzania. | the results of a 16-year, parasitological and clinical, follow-up study on bancroftian filariasis in three villages in north-eastern tanzania are reported and analysed with respect to the long-term development of microfilaraemia and disease. the study revealed an extraordinary static situation, both at the community level and at the individual level. no significant differences were observed in any of the three villages, with respect to total or age-specific prevalences of microfilaraemia, hydroc ... | 1995 | 8745941 |
| uptake and development of wuchereria bancrofti in culex pipiens l. and aedes caspius pallas. | studies were conducted to compare early phenomena associated with w. bancrofti infection and further development in the filaria vector culex pipiens and the refractory mosquito aedes caspius. ingestion rates evaluated immediately after simultaneous feeding on an infected human were 69.1% for 43 cx. pipiens and 35.7% for 28 ae. caspius. the observed number of mf ingested by either mosquito did not vary significantly (2.7 +/- 1.4, and 2.3 +/- 0.9, respectively) and, based on the size of the blood ... | 1996 | 8754640 |
| th1-like antifilarial immune responses predominate in antigen-negative persons. | to characterize immune responses associated with the putatively immune state in bancroftian filariasis (that is, both microfilaria and antigen free), humoral and cellular responses were compared among antigen- and microfilaria-negative, antigen-positive and microfilaria-negative, and microfilaria-positive individuals. antifilarial isotype levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses were measured by proliferation, by bioassay for interleu ... | 1996 | 8757821 |
| diagnostic potential of fractionated brugia malayi microfilarial excretory/secretory antigen for bancroftian filariasis. | due to the non-availability of sufficient parasite material from wuchereria bancrofti, a heterologous filarial antigen from brugia malayi has been investigated for the diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. b. malayi microfilarial excretory/secretory antigen (bmmfes) effectively inhibited the binding of circulating filarial antigen fractions (cfa2-1, 9, 11 and 12) from microfilaraemic cases, and of w. bancrofti microfilarial excretory/secretory antigen, to the immunoglobulin g (igg) fraction of an ... | 1996 | 8758067 |
| amicrofilaraemic carriers of adult wuchereria bancrofti. | to determine the extent to which wuchereria bancrofti infections can be detected in asymptomatic amicrofilaraemic men in greater recife, brazil, we studied 100 asymptomatic men who were long-term residents (> or = 15 years) of this filariasis-endemic area and who were amicrofilaraemic in 60 microl of capillary blood collected at night. increasing amounts (1, 5, and 10 ml) of venous blood were collected in consecutive weeks, filtered, and examined for microfilariae; 27 men were eventually found t ... | 1996 | 8758079 |
| past exposure and the dynamics of lymphatic filariasis infection in young children. | this study utilizes parallel, longitudinal entomological and parasitological data collected during a 5-year vector control programme in pondicherry, south india, to quantify wuchereria bancrofti transmission from the vector to the human population. a simple mathematical model, derived from the standard catalytic model, is used to examine the hypothesis that current infection prevalence in young children is a dynamical function of their cumulative past exposure to infective bites. maximum likelih ... | 1996 | 8760969 |
| comparative efficacy of house curtains impregnated with permethrin, lambdacyhalothrin or bendiocarb against the vector of bancroftian filariasis, culex quinquefasciatus, in matara, sri lanka. | 1996 | 8761561 | |
| estimation of the fecund life span of wuchereria bancrofti in an endemic area. | a stochastic approach appropriate for general use in endemic communities was applied to estimate the average yearly instantaneous rate of loss of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia from infected individuals, and gain by uninfected individuals, from longitudinal data. this method was shown to give similar results (i.e., the rate of loss was independent of age, while the rate of gain differed significantly between age classes) to a previously used method based on transmision interruption, provid ... | 1996 | 8761566 |
| a polymerase chain reaction assay to determine infection of aedes polynesiensis by wuchereria bancrofti. | the sensitivity of a previously described polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was improved to detect a single mosquito, infected by as few as 1-2 microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti, among 20-50 uninfected mosquitoes. wild-caught aedes polynesiensis were used to compare assessment of infection by dissection of individuals with the pcr assay of pools of mosquitoes. the pcr assay was at least as sensitive as dissection for detection of mosquitoes infected with w. bancrofti. | 1996 | 8761572 |
| histological evidence for adulticidal effect of low doses of diethylcarbamazine in bancroftian filariasis. | the ability of diethylcarbamazine (dec) to kill adult wuchereria bancrofti worms was evaluated by examining lymphatic nodules formed after treatment with 4 different treatment schedules of 193 males living in the endemic area of greater recife, brazil. lymphatic nodules appeared in the spermatic cord or upper extremities in 43 of 138 microfilaraemic individuals, in 3 of 30 amicrofilaraemic patients with filarial disease manifestations, and in 1 of 25 asymptomatic amicrofilaraemic residents of th ... | 1996 | 8761588 |
| cost and cost effectiveness of mass diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy for the control of bancroftian filariasis: comparison of four strategies in tanzania. | this study examines the costs and cost effectiveness of four different mass diethylcarbamazine (dec) chemotherapy regimens-standard dose, semi-annual single dose, low monthly dose and dec-medicated salt-in reducing microfilarial (mf) prevalence at the community level. costs were estimated for each intervention in relation to both ingredient and activity, by the derivation and use of detailed itemized cost menus. the most expensive and most effective strategy in reducing community mf prevalence o ... | 1996 | 8765447 |
| ultrasonographic assessment of the adulticidal efficacy of repeat high-dose ivermectin in bancroftian filariasis. | since diethylcarbamazine, the drug recommended for treatment of lymphatic filariasis, seems only partially effective against the adult worm, intense interest persists in identifying a macrofilaricidal drug for this infection. to evaluate directly in vivo the macrofilaricidal activity of repeat high-dose ivermectin, 15 men who had living adult wuchereria bancrofti detected in the scrotal area by ultrasound were treated with 400 micrograms/kg of ivermectin at 2-week intervals for 6 months (total d ... | 1996 | 8765448 |
| knowledge and beliefs about transmission, prevention and control of lymphatic filariasis in rural areas of south india. | to identify the gaps in people's knowledge of lymphatic filariasis, we collected descriptive and quantitative information in rural areas of tamil nadu, south india. people are well aware of filariasis in their communities and recognize its different clinical manifestations. only 9% of those with and 20% of those without the disease knew that filariasis is caused through mosquito bites; the rest attributed it to many other causes. people's knowledge about transmission and prevention of filariasis ... | 1996 | 8765449 |