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overexpression of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) dirigent1 gene enhances lignification that blocks the spread of verticillium dahliae.dirigent super-family abounds throughout the plant kingdom, especially vascular plants. to elucidate the function of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) dir genes in lignification, two cdnas (designated ghdir1 and ghdir2) encoding putative dirigent proteins were isolated from cotton cdna libraries. real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that ghdir1 transcript was preferentially accumulated in cotton hypocotyls, whereas ghdir2 was predominantly expressed ...201222595512
geminivirus-mediated delivery of florigen promotes determinate growth in aerial organs and uncouples flowering from photoperiod in cotton.plant architecture and the timing and distribution of reproductive structures are fundamental agronomic traits shaped by patterns of determinate and indeterminate growth. florigen, encoded by flowering locus t (ft) in arabidopsis and single flower truss (sft) in tomato, acts as a general growth hormone, advancing determinate growth. domestication of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) converted it from a lanky photoperiodic perennial to a highly inbred, compact day-neutral plant that is managed a ...201222615805
expression of atsap5 in cotton up-regulates putative stress-responsive genes and improves the tolerance to rapidly developing water deficit and moderate heat stress.the regulation of gene expression is a key factor in plant acclimation to stress, and it is thought that manipulation of the expression of critical stress-responsive genes should ultimately provide increased protection against abiotic stress. the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the ectopic expression of the atsap5 (at3g12630) gene in transgenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum, cv. coker 312) will improve tolerance to drought and heat stress by up-regulating the expression of endogen ...201222633820
reproduction of meloidogyne marylandi and m. incognita on several poaceae.the susceptibility of 22 plant species to meloidogyne marylandi and m. incognita was examined in three greenhouse experiments. inoculum of m. marylandi was eggs from cultures maintained on zoysia matrella "cavalier" or cynodon dactylon x c. trasvaalensis "tifdwarf". inoculum of m. incognita was eggs from cultures maintained on solanum lycopersicum 'rutgers'. in each host test the inoculum density was 2,000 nematode eggs/pot. none of the three dicot species tested (gossypium hirsutum, arachis hyp ...200922661770
the multi-year effects of repeatedly growing cotton with moderate resistance to meloidogyne incognita.meloidogyne incognita causes more damage to cotton in the us than any other pathogen. the objective of this study was to document the cumulative effect of moderate resistance on m. incognita population density, root galling, and yield suppression in the southern united states on a moderately resistant cotton genotype grown continuously for three years. cotton genotypes were phytogen ph98-3196 (77% suppression of m. incognita), acala nemx (85% suppression of m. incognita), and delta and pine land ...200922661787
genome-wide identification of differentially expressed genes under water deficit stress in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).cotton is the world's primary fiber crop and is a major agricultural commodity in over 30 countries. like many other global commodities, sustainable cotton production is challenged by restricted natural resources. in response to the anticipated increase of agricultural water demand, a major research direction involves developing crops that use less water or that use water more efficiently. in this study, our objective was to identify differentially expressed genes in response to water deficit st ...201222703539
molecular characterization of an elicitor-responsive armadillo repeat gene (gharm) from cotton (gossypium hirsutum).only a few armadillo (arm) repeat proteins have been characterized in plants where they appear to have diverse functions, including the regulation of defence responses. in this study, the identification, cloning and characterization of a gene, encoding an arm repeat protein (gharm), is described. gharm exists as multiple copies in cotton, with an 1713 bp orf encoding 570 amino acids. the predicted protein contains three consecutive arm repeats within an armadillo-type fold, with no other disting ...201222714909
[monitoring and simulation of soil electrical conductivity based on the hyperspectral parameters of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) functional leaves].taking the salt-tolerant cotton variety ccri-44 and salt-sensitive cotton variety sumian 12 as test materials, a two-year pot experiment was conducted at the pailou experimental station of nanjing agricultural university in 2008 and 2009 to study the relationships of soil electrical conductivity (ec) with the spectral reflectance and hyperspectral indices of cotton functional leaves at different growth stages under five simulated salinity levels (0, 0.35%, 0.60%, 0.85%, and 1.00%) of coastal sal ...201222720615
molecular diversity, genomic constitution, and qtl mapping of fiber quality by mapped ssrs in introgression lines derived from gossypium hirsutum × g. darwinii watt.because the genetic basis of current upland cotton cultivars is narrow, exploring new germplasm resources and discovering novel alleles relevant to important agronomic traits have become two of the most important themes in the field of cotton research. in this study, g. darwinii watt, a wild cotton species, was crossed with four upland cotton cultivars with desirable traits. a total of 105 introgression lines (ils) were successfully obtained. by using 310 mapped ssrs evenly distributed across th ...201222733444
cotton gene expression profiles in resistant gossypium hirsutum cv. zhongzhimian kv1 responding to verticillium dahliae strain v991 infection.verticillium wilt of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) is a widespread and destructive disease that is caused by the soil-borne fungus pathogen verticillium dahliae (v. dahliae). to study the molecular mechanism in wilt tolerance, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) and dot blot techniques were used to identify the specifically expressed genes in a superior wilt-resistant cotton cultivar (g. hirsutum cv. zhongzhimian kv1) after inoculation with pathogen. cdnas from the root tissues of zhongzhi ...201222733494
population dynamics of meloidogyne arenaria and pasteuria penetrans in a long-term crop rotation study.the endospore-forming bacterium pasteuria penetrans is an obligate parasite of root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp.). the primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of crop sequence on abundance of p. penetrans. the experiment was conducted from 2000 to 2008 at a field site naturally infested with both the bacterium and its host meloidogyne arenaria and included the following crop sequences: continuous peanut (arachis hypogaea) (p-p-p) and peanut rotated with either 2 years of ...200922736828
effect of mowing cotton stalks and preventing plant re-growth on post-harvest reproduction of meloidogyne incognita.the southern root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) is a major parasite of cotton in the u.s., and management tactics for this nematode attempt to minimize population levels. we compared three post-harvest practices for their ability to reduce nematode population levels in the field, thereby reducing initial nematode population for the next year's crop. the three practices tested were: 1) chemical defoliation before harvest plus cutting cotton stalks after harvest, 2) chemical defoliation pl ...201022736845
classification of rotylenchulus reniformis numbers in cotton using remotely sensed hyperspectral data on self-organizing maps.rotylenchulus reniformis is one of the major nematode pests capable of reducing cotton yields by more than 60%, causing estimated losses that may exceed millions of dollars u.s. therefore, early detection of nematode numbers is necessary to reduce these losses. this study investigates the feasibility of using remotely sensed hyperspectral data (reflectances) of cotton plants affected with different nematode population numbers with self-organizing maps (som) in correlating and classifying nematod ...201022736855
molecular and morphological characterization and biological control capabilities of a pasteuria ssp. parasitizing rotylenchulus reniformis, the reniform nematode.rotylenchulus reniformis is one of 10 described species of reniform nematodes and is considered the most economically significant pest within the genus, parasitizing a variety of important agricultural crops. rotylenchulus reniformis collected from cotton fields in the southeastern us were observed to have the nematode parasitic bacterium pasteuria attached to their cuticles. challenge with a pasteuria-specific monoclonal antibody in live immuno-fluorescent assay (ifa) confirmed the discovery of ...201022736858
natural migration of rotylenchulus reniformis in a no-till cotton system.rotylenchulus reniformis is the most damaging nematode pathogen of cotton in alabama. it is easily introduced into cotton fields via contaminated equipment and, when present, is difficult and costly to control. a trial to monitor the natural migration of r. reniformis from an initial point of origin was established in 2007 and studied over two growing seasons in both irrigated and non-irrigated no-till cotton production systems. vermiform females, juveniles and males reached a horizontal distanc ...201022736863
impact of rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton yield as affected by soil texture and irrigation.the effects of soil type, irrigation, and population density of rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton were evaluated in a two-year microplot experiment. six soil types, fuquay sand, norfolk sandy loam, portsmouth loamy sand, muck, cecil sandy loam, and cecil sandy clay, were arranged in randomized complete blocks with five replications. each block had numerous plots previously inoculated with r. reniformis and two or more noninoculated microplots per soil type, one half of which were irrigated in e ...201022736865
inheritance of resistance to meloidoygne incognita in primitive cotton accessions from mexico.few sources of resistance to root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne incognita) in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) have been utilized to develop resistant cultivars, making this resistance vulnerable to virulence in the pathogen population. the objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance of resistance in five primitive accessions of g. hirsutum (tx1174, tx1440, tx2076, tx2079, and tx2107) and to determine allelic relations with the genes for resistance in the genotypes clevewilt-6 (cw ...201022736869
cell suspension culture-mediated incorporation of the rice bel gene into transgenic cotton.cotton plants engineered for resistance to the herbicides, glyphosate or glufosinate have made a considerable impact on the production of the crop worldwide. in this work, embryogenic cell cultures derived from gossypium hirsutum l. cv coker 312 hypocotyl callus were transformed via agrobacterium tumefaciens with the rice cytochrome p450 gene, cyp81a6 (bel). in rice, bel has been shown to confer resistance to both bentazon and sulfanylurea herbicides. transformed cells were selected on a liquid ...201222768325
within-plant distribution of cotton aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) in cotton cultivars with colored fibers.we describe the vertical and horizontal distribution of the cotton aphid aphis gossypii glover within a cotton plant in two cotton (gossypium hirsutum linnaeus) cultivars (brs safira and brs rubí) with colored fiber over the time. measurements of aphid population dynamics and distribution in the cotton plants were recorded in intervals of seven days. the number of apterous or alate aphids and their specific locations were recorded, using as a reference point the location of nodes on the mainstem ...201222782536
characterization of rhizobacterial strain rs-2 with acc deaminase activity and its performance in promoting cotton growth under salinity stress.a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial strain rs-2 with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase activity was isolated from salinized soils using acc as the sole nitrogen source. based on its physiological and biochemical properties and 16s rdna sequence analysis, this strain was identified as raoultella planticola. the maximum value of nitrogen fixation, dissolved phosphorus and dissolved potassium of rs-2 were 148.8 μg/ml, 205.0 and 4.31 mg/l, respectively within 192 h liquid culture ...201222806112
sampling strategies for square and boll-feeding plant bugs (hemiptera: miridae) occurring on cotton.sampling methods for square and boll-feeding plant bugs (hemiptera: miridae) occurring on cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., were compared with the intent to assess if one approach was viable for two species occurring from early-season squaring to late bloom in 25 fields located along the coastal cotton growing region of south texas. cotton fleaphopper, pseudatomoscelis seriatus (reuter), damages squares early-season and dominated collections using five sampling methods (approximately 99% of insects ...201222812128
effects of entomopathogenic nematodes on evolution of pink bollworm resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac.the evolution of resistance by pests can reduce the efficacy of transgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt). however, fitness costs may act to delay pest resistance to bt toxins. meta-analysis of results from four previous studies revealed that the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema riobrave (rhabditida: steinernematidae) imposed a 20% fitness cost for larvae of pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), that were homo ...201222812141
the removal of reactive black 5 from aqueous solutions by cotton seed shell.this study investigated the removal of reactive black 5 (rb5) textile dye from aqueous solutions using cotton (gossypium hirsutum) seed shell (css) as low cost adsorbents. the data were described according to the freundlich and langmuir isotherm models. of these, the langmuir model provided the best fit for the experimental data. the highest measured adsorption density was 12.19 mg/g at ph 2. an equilibrium adsorption rate of rb5 by css (q(e) = 11.879 mg/g) was observed at 30 minutes. in order t ...201222834220
identification and analyses of mirna genes in allotetraploid gossypium hirsutum fiber cells based on the sequenced diploid g. raimondii genome.the plant genome possesses a large number of micrornas (mirnas) mainly 21-24 nucleotides in length. they play a vital role in regulation of target gene expression at various stages throughout the whole plant life cycle. here we sequenced and analyzed ≈ 10 million non-coding rnas (ncrnas) derived from fiber tissue of the allotetraploid cotton (gossypium hirsutum) 7 days post-anthesis using ncrna-seq technology. in terms of distinct reads, 24 nt ncrna is by far the dominant species, followed by 21 ...201222835981
a chimeric arabinogalactan protein promotes somatic embryogenesis in cotton cell culture.arabinogalactan proteins (agps) are a family of extracellular plant proteoglycans implicated in many aspects of plant growth and development, including in vitro somatic embryogenesis (se). we found that specific agps were produced by cotton (gossypium hirsutum) calli undergoing se and that when these agps were isolated and incorporated into tissue culture medium, cotton se was promoted. when the agps were partly or fully deglycosylated, se-promoting activity was not diminished. testing of agps s ...201222858635
new insights into roles of cell wall invertase in early seed development revealed by comprehensive spatial and temporal expression patterns of ghcwin1 in cotton.despite substantial evidence on the essential roles of cell wall invertase (cwin) in seed filling, it remains largely unknown how cwin exerts its regulation early in seed development, a critical stage that sets yield potential. to fill this knowledge gap, we systematically examined the spatial and temporal expression patterns of a major cwin gene, ghcwin1, in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) seeds from prefertilization to prestorage phase. ghcwin1 messenger rna was abundant at the innermost seed coat ...201222864582
ghwrky15, a member of the wrky transcription factor family identified from cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), is involved in disease resistance and plant development.as a large family of regulatory proteins, wrky transcription factors play essential roles in the processes of adaptation to diverse environmental stresses and plant growth and development. although several studies have investigated the role of wrky transcription factors during these processes, the mechanisms underlying the function of wrky members need to be further explored, and research focusing on the wrky family in cotton crops is extremely limited.201222883108
molecular markers associated with the immature fiber (im) gene affecting the degree of fiber cell wall thickening in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).cotton fiber fineness and maturity measured indirectly as micronaire (mic) are important properties of determining fiber grades in the textile market. to understand the genetic control and molecular mechanisms of fiber fineness and maturity, we studied two near isogenic lines, gossypium hirsutum, texas marker-1 wild type (tm-1) and immature fiber (im) mutant showing a significant difference in mic values. the fibers from im mutant plants were finer and less mature with lower mic values than thos ...201322890806
arsenophonus groel interacts with clcuv and is localized in midgut and salivary gland of whitefly b. tabaci.cotton leaf curl virus (clcuv) (gemininiviridae: begomovirus) is the causative agent of leaf curl disease in cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum). clcuv is exclusively transmitted by the whitefly species b. tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: alerodidae). b. tabaci contains several biotypes which harbor dissimilar bacterial endo-symbiotic community. it is reported that these bacterial endosymbionts produce a 63 kda chaperon groel protein which binds to geminivirus particles and protects them from rapid ...201222900008
targeted capture of homoeologous coding and noncoding sequence in polyploid cotton.targeted sequence capture is a promising technology in many areas in biology. these methods enable efficient and relatively inexpensive sequencing of hundreds to thousands of genes or genomic regions from many more individuals than is practical using whole-genome sequencing approaches. here, we demonstrate the feasibility of target enrichment using sequence capture in polyploid cotton. to capture and sequence both members of each gene pair (homeologs) of wild and domesticated gossypium hirsutum, ...201222908041
the draft genome of a diploid cotton gossypium raimondii.we have sequenced and assembled a draft genome of g. raimondii, whose progenitor is the putative contributor of the d subgenome to the economically important fiber-producing cotton species gossypium hirsutum and gossypium barbadense. over 73% of the assembled sequences were anchored on 13 g. raimondii chromosomes. the genome contains 40,976 protein-coding genes, with 92.2% of these further confirmed by transcriptome data. evidence of the hexaploidization event shared by the eudicots as well as o ...201222922876
lack of fitness costs associated with acetamiprid resistance in bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae).sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), is a devastating pest that can cause severe damage to a range of crops by direct feeding and by plant virus transmission. because of indiscriminate use of insecticides, this whitefly has developed resistance to several insecticides, including neonicotinoids. our objectives were to determine fitness components affected by acetamiprid resistance in b. tabaci. assay results showed that selection with acetamiprid had removed ...201222928322
interspecific chromosomal effects on agronomic traits in gossypium hirsutum by ad analysis using intermated g. barbadense chromosome substitution lines.the untapped potential of the beneficial alleles from gossypium barbadense l. has not been well utilized in g. hirsutum l. (often referred to as upland cotton) breeding programs. this is primarily due to genomic incompatibility and technical challenges associated with conventional methods of interspecific introgression. in this study, we used a hypoaneuploid-based chromosome substitution line as a means for systematically introgressing g. barbadense doubled-haploid line '3-79' germplasm into a c ...201322945267
mechanism of phytohormone involvement in feedback regulation of cotton leaf senescence induced by potassium deficiency.to elucidate the phytohormonal basis of the feedback regulation of leaf senescence induced by potassium (k) deficiency in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), two cultivars contrasting in sensitivity to k deficiency were self- and reciprocally grafted hypocotyl-to-hypocotyl, using standard grafting (one scion grafted onto one rootstock), y grafting (two scions grafted onto one rootstock), and inverted y grafting (one scion grafted onto two rootstocks) at the seedling stage. k deficiency (0.03mm for s ...201222962680
efficient delivery of small interfering rna to plant cells by a nanosecond pulsed laser-induced stress wave for posttranscriptional gene silencing.small interfering rna (sirna) induced posttranscriptional gene silencing (ptgs) has been an efficient method for genetic and molecular analysis of certain developmental and physiological processes and represented a potential strategy for both controlling virus replication and developing therapeutic products. however, there are limitations for the methods currently used to deliver sirna into cells. we report here, to our knowledge, the first efficient delivery of sirna to plant cells by a nanosec ...200622980207
efficient decolorization and deproteinization using uniform polymer microspheres in the succinic acid biorefinery from bio-waste cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) stalks.bio-waste cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) stalks were converted into succinic acid by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) using actinobacillus succinogenes 130z. after 54 h ssf at 40 °c and ph 7.0, the production of succinic acid was 63 g/l, with 1.17 g/l/h productivity and 64% conversion yield. after ssf, a simple method for the decolorization and deproteinization of crude ssf broth was developed through adsorption tests of polystyrene (pst) microspheres. under optimized conditi ...201322985822
global alteration of micrornas and transposon-derived small rnas in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) during cotton leafroll dwarf polerovirus (clrdv) infection.small rnas (srnas) are a class of non-coding rnas ranging from 20- to 40-nucleotides (nts) that are present in most eukaryotic organisms. in plants, srnas are involved in the regulation of development, the maintenance of genome stability and the antiviral response. viruses, however, can interfere with and exploit the silencing-based regulatory networks, causing the deregulation of srnas, including small interfering rnas (sirnas) and micrornas (mirnas). to understand the impact of viral infection ...201222987114
combining ability analysis for within-boll yield components in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).cotton is an important cash crop worldwide, accounting for a large percentage of world agricultural exports; however, yield per acre is still poor in many countries, including pakistan. diallel mating system was used to identify parents for improving within-boll yield and fiber quality parameters. combining ability analysis was employed to obtain suitable parents for this purpose. the parental genotypes cp-15/2, niab krishma, cim-482, ms-39, and s-12 were crossed in complete diallel mating under ...201223007974
molecular typing of mealybug phenacoccus solenopsis populations from different hosts and locations in punjab, india.true identity and existence of genetic variability in mealy bug from different regions holds immense significance for adopting appropriate control measures along with predicting the development of any biotypes. mealy bug, phenacoccus solenopsis adults were collected from four host plants i.e., gossypium hirsutum--cotton (c), abelmoschus esculentus--okra (o), pennisetum glaucum--napier bajra (b) and a weed--parthenium hysterophorus (p) in five cotton growing districts i.e., abohar, bathinda, mans ...201223029900
extraction and characterization of nanocellulose structures from raw cotton linter.this study aimed to characterize nanocellulose extracted from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) linters. the nanocellulose was subjected to electronic microscopy, thermal analysis, x-ray diffractometry, light scattering, and contact angle. the properties of the nanocellulose are considerably different from the linter. the acidic hydrolyses applied to extract the nanocrystals increased the crystallinity index and the hydrophilicity and decreased the thermal stability. on average, the nanocrystals were ...201323044127
mapping quantitative trait loci for lint yield and fiber quality across environments in a gossypium hirsutum × gossypium barbadense backcross inbred line population.identification of stable quantitative trait loci (qtls) across different environments and mapping populations is a prerequisite for marker-assisted selection (mas) for cotton yield and fiber quality. to construct a genetic linkage map and to identify qtls for fiber quality and yield traits, a backcross inbred line (bil) population of 146 lines was developed from a cross between upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and egyptian cotton (gossypium barbadense) through two generations of backcrossing u ...201323064252
rnai-mediated ultra-low gossypol cottonseed trait: performance of transgenic lines under field conditions.cottonseed remains a low-value by-product of lint production mainly due to the presence of toxic gossypol that makes it unfit for monogastrics. ultra-low gossypol cottonseed (ulgcs) lines were developed using rnai knockdown of δ-cadinene synthase gene(s) in gossypium hirsutum. the purpose of the current study was to assess the stability and specificity of the ulgcs trait and evaluate the agronomic performance of the transgenic lines. trials conducted over a period of 3 years show that the ulgcs ...201323078138
biolistic transformation of cotton zygotic embryo meristem.biolistic transformation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) meristems, isolated from mature seed, is detailed in this report. a commercially available, helium-driven biolistic device (bio-rad pds1000/he) was used to bombard gold particles coated with a marker gene (uida or "β-glucuronidase") into the shoot meristem. the penetration of gold particles was dependent on bombardment parameters and it was mostly one to two cell layers deep. stable transformation of epidermal l1 layer was consistently o ...201323143482
biolistic transformation of cotton embryogenic cell suspension cultures.genetic transformation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) is highly dependent on the ability to regenerate fertile plants from transgenic cells through somatic embryogenesis. induction of embryogenic cell cultures is genotype dependant. however, once embryogenic cell cultures are available, they can be effectively used for transformation by agrobacterium or biolistic bombardment methods. here i describe a detailed procedure to transform cotton embryogenic cell suspension cultures by biolistic bom ...201323143483
silicon carbide whisker-mediated transformation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).plant transformation methods are invaluable biotechnological tools to generate specific and targeted genetic variation for performance improvement of crop plants. genetic information is created by proper modification during gene cloning flanked by proper regulatory sequences and delivered to plants via -different plant transformation techniques. due to being a multipurpose plant, cotton has been subjected to different genetic transformation methods to provide the breeders with an opportunity to ...201323143485
investigating transgene integration and organization in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) genome.in this chapter, we present detailed experimental procedures for investigating integration patterns of transgenes in cotton genome. we use conventional pcr and genomic southern blot hybridization to characterize integration of t-dna components and vector backbone fragments. for multiple copy insertions into the same site (complex loci), transgene/transgene junctions (including canonical and truncated t-dna and transgene involved vector backbone sequences) are characterized by pcr and sequencing. ...201323143486
agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) shoot apex with a fungal phytase gene improves phosphorus acquisition.cotton is an important world economic crop plant. it is considered that cotton is recalcitrant to in vitro proliferation. somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration has been successful by using hypocotyl, whereas it is highly genotype dependent. here, a genotype-independent cotton regeneration protocol from shoot apices is presented. shoot apices from 3- to 5-day-old seedlings of cotton are infected with an agrobacterium strain, eha105, carrying the binary vector pc-ksa contained phytase gene ...201323143496
genetic transformation of cotton with a harpin-encoding gene hpaxoo confers an enhanced defense response against verticillium dahliae kleb.the soil-borne fungal pathogen verticillium dahliae kleb causes verticillium wilt in a wide range of crops including cotton (gossypium hirsutum). to date, most upland cotton varieties are susceptible to v. dahliae and the breeding for cotton varieties with the resistance to verticillium wilt has not been successful. hpa1xoo is a harpin protein from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae which induces the hypersensitive cell death in plants. when hpa1xoo was transformed into the susceptible cotton line z3 ...201323143497
development of insect-resistant transgenic cotton with chimeric tvip3a accumulating in chloroplasts.an optimized vip3a gene, designated as vip3a* was chemically synthesized and a thi1 gene chloroplast transit peptide coding sequence was attached to its 5' end to produce the tvip3a*. vip3a* and tvip3a* genes were transformed into gossypium hirsutum cv. zhongmiansuo35 mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens. four independent transgenic t1 lines with single-copy insertions and unchanged phenotypes (ctv1 and ctv2 for tvip3a*, and cv1 and cv2 for vip3a*) were selected by polymerase chain reaction (pc ...201323143498
functional genomics of fuzzless-lintless mutant of gossypium hirsutum l. cv. mcu5 reveal key genes and pathways involved in cotton fibre initiation and elongation.fuzzless-lintless cotton mutants are considered to be the ideal material to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in fibre cell development. although there are few reports on transcriptome and proteome analyses in cotton at fibre initiation and elongation stages, there is no comprehensive comparative transcriptome analysis of fibre-bearing and fuzzless-lintless cotton ovules covering fibre initiation to secondary cell wall (scw) synthesis stages. in the present study, a comparative transc ...201223151214
transcriptome profiling analysis reveals that flavonoid and ascorbate-glutathione cycle are important during anther development in upland cotton.previous transcriptome profiling studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms of pollen and anther development, and identified many genes involved in these processes. however, only 51 anther ests of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) were found in ncbi and there have been no reports of transcriptome profiling analyzing anther development in upland cotton, a major fiber crop in the word.201223155472
protein differential expression in the elongating cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fiber under nitrogen stress.nitrogen (n) is an essential macronutrient and an important factor limiting agricultural productivity. n deficient or excess conditions often occur during the cotton growth season and incorrect n application may affect cotton fiber yield and quality. here, the influence of n stress on the cotton fiber proteome was investigated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. the results indicated that n application rate affects nitrogen accumulation in fiber cells and fiber length. ...201223160829
a cotton gene encoding a plasma membrane aquaporin is involved in seedling development and in response to drought stress.cotton (gossypium hirsutum), the most important textile crop worldwide, often encounters abiotic stress such as drought and waterlog during its growth season (summer), and its productivity is significantly limited by adverse factors. to investigate the molecular adaptation mechanisms of this plant species to abiotic stress, a gene encoding the plasma membrane intrinsic protein (pip) was isolated in cotton, and designated as ghpip2;7. quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction a ...201323178915
current status of genetic engineering in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l): an assessment.cotton is considered as the foremost commercially important fiber crop and is deemed as the backbone of the textile industry. the productivity of cotton crop, worldwide, is severely hampered by the occurrence of pests, weeds, pathogens apart from various environmental factors. several beneficial agronomic traits, viz., early maturity, improved fiber quality, heat tolerance, etc. have been successfully incorporated into cotton varieties employing conventional hybridization and mutation breeding. ...201423190258
seed development in cotton: feasibility of a hormonal role for abscisic acid in controlling vivipary.in maturing cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fruits, embryos acquire the capacity to germinate in vitro about 16 days before fruit maturity and dehiscence. vivipary is believed to be prevented by abscisic acid (aba) originating in the seed coat and diffusing to the embryo (the ihle-dure hypothesis). although endogenous aba levels are much greater in embryos than in seed coats during the period of germinability, in «donor-receiver» experiments movement of (14)c-aba is strongly polar in favor of the ...198423195715
high-frequency regeneration via multiple shoot induction of an elite recalcitrant cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv narashima) by using embryo apex.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) is one of the most commercially important fiber crops in the world. compared with other crops, cotton represents a recalcitrant species for regeneration protocols. the development of efficient and rapid regeneration protocol for elite indian cotton variety could help improve the quality characteristics and biotic or abiotic stress tolerance. here we report a novel regeneration protocol in indian cotton cultivar narashima. the maximum number of multiple shoots obtai ...201323221745
growing season carbon dioxide exchange in flooded non-mulching and non-flooded mulching cotton.there is much interest in the role that agricultural practices might play in sequestering carbon to help offset rising atmospheric co₂ concentrations. however, limited information exists regarding the potential for increased carbon sequestration of different management strategies. the objective of this study was to quantify and contrast carbon dioxide exchange in traditional non-mulching with flooding irrigation (tf) and plastic film mulching with drip irrigation (pm) cotton (gossypium hirsutum ...201223226376
separation of integument and nucellar tissues from cotton ovules (gossypium hirsutum l.) for both high- and low-throughput molecular applications.here we present a quick and low-cost method to separate the different layers of tissue from the ovules and young seeds of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) for use in high- and low-throughput molecular applications. this method is performed at room temperature using standard laboratory equipment and does not require embedding of the samples, time-consuming fixation, or micro-sectioning procedures. we show that the three main tissues can be efficiently separated from isolated ovules collected on the ...201223237485
field-acclimated gossypium hirsutum cultivars exhibit genotypic and seasonal differences in photosystem ii thermostability.previous investigations have demonstrated that photosystem ii (psii) thermostability acclimates to prior exposure to heat and drought, but contrasting results have been reported for cotton (gossypium hirsutum). we hypothesized that psii thermotolerance in g. hirsutum would acclimate to environmental conditions during the growing season and that there would be differences in psii thermotolerance between commercially-available u.s. cultivars. to this end, three cotton cultivars were grown under dr ...201323246028
repeated polyploidization of gossypium genomes and the evolution of spinnable cotton fibres.polyploidy often confers emergent properties, such as the higher fibre productivity and quality of tetraploid cottons than diploid cottons bred for the same environments. here we show that an abrupt five- to sixfold ploidy increase approximately 60 million years (myr) ago, and allopolyploidy reuniting divergent gossypium genomes approximately 1-2 myr ago, conferred about 30-36-fold duplication of ancestral angiosperm (flowering plant) genes in elite cottons (gossypium hirsutum and gossypium barb ...201223257886
overexpression of ft in cotton affects architecture but not floral organogenesis.flowering marks the change from indeterminate to determinate plant growth, and this developmental transition involves the activity of the arabidopsis flowering locus t (ft) gene product and its orthologs. we demonstrated that when ft is ectopically expressed from a viral vector in cotton, a process referred to as virus induced flowering (vif), it uncouples flowering from photoperiodic regulation and promotes determinate growth in aerial organs. the accelerated switch to determinate growth affect ...201323333977
synergistic effects of ghsod1 and ghcat1 overexpression in cotton chloroplasts on enhancing tolerance to methyl viologen and salt stresses.in plants, cuzn superoxide dismutase (cuznsod, ec l.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (apx, ec 1.11.1.11), and catalase (cat, ec l.11.1.6) are important scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ros) to protect the cell from damage. in the present study, we isolated three homologous genes (ghsod1, ghapx1, and ghcat1) from gossypium hirsutum. overexpressing cassettes containing chimeric ghsod1, ghapx1, or ghcat1 were introduced into cotton plants by agrobacterium transformation, and overexpressed produc ...201323335985
a fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein, ghfla1, is involved in fiber initiation and elongation of cotton.arabinogalactan proteins (agps) are involved in many aspects of plant development. in this study, biochemical and genetic approaches demonstrated that agps are abundant in developing fibers and may be involved in fiber initiation and elongation. to further investigate the role of agps during fiber development, a fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein gene (ghfla1) was identified in cotton (gossypium hirsutum). overexpression of ghfla1 in cotton promoted fiber elongation, leading to an increase i ...201323349362
development of a plant-based threshold for tarnished plant bug (hemiptera: miridae) in cotton.the tarnished plant bug, lygus lineolaris (palisot de beauvois), is an important pest of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in the mid-southern united states. it is exclusively controlled with foliar insecticide applications, and sampling methods and thresholds need to be revisited. the current experiment was designed to establish a plant-based threshold during the flowering period of cotton development. experiments were conducted in mississippi in 2005 and 2006, arkansas in 2005, and louisiana in 2 ...201223356065
genetic structure and gene flow among brazilian populations of heliothis virescens (lepidoptera: noctuidae).population genetic studies are essential to the better application of pest management strategies, including the monitoring of the evolution of resistance to insecticides and genetically modified plants. bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) crops have been instrumental in controlling tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), a pest that has developed resistance to many common insecticides once used for its management. in our study, microsatellite markers were applied to ...201223356080
genes expressed in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) buds isolated with a subtractive library.a subtractive cdna library from cotton buds was constructed to prospect for differentially expressed genes related to early bud development. a library was constructed and 768 cdna sequences were obtained, comprising 168 clusters, with 126 contigs and 42 singlets. both the gossypium as well as arabidopsis databases were utilized for the in silico analysis, since some genes identified in cotton have not yet been studied for functionality, although they have homology with genes from other species. ...201323359022
genetic mapping and characteristics of genes specifically or preferentially expressed during fiber development in cotton.cotton fiber is an ideal model to study cell elongation and cell wall construction in plants. during fiber development, some genes and proteins have been reported to be specifically or preferentially expressed. mapping of them will reveal the genomic distribution of these genes, and will facilitate selection in cotton breeding. based on previous reports, we designed 331 gene primers and 164 protein primers, and used single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) to map and integrate them into ou ...201323372723
small rna and degradome sequencing reveal complex mirna regulation during cotton somatic embryogenesis.micrornas (mirnas) are endogenous non-coding ~21 nucleotide rnas that regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in plants and animals. they play an important role in development, abiotic stress, and pathogen responses. mirnas with their targets have been widely studied in model plants, but limited knowledge is available on the small rna population of cotton (gossypium hirsutum)-an important economic crop, and global identification of related targets through ...201323382553
[construction and pathogenicity tests of a mutated specific fragment scf73 in verticillium dahliae].to identify preliminarily the specific fragment scf73's function in verticillium dahlia virulence.201223383504
carbon dioxide diffusion across stomata and mesophyll and photo-biochemical processes as affected by growth co2 and phosphorus nutrition in cotton.nutrients such as phosphorus may exert a major control over plant response to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (co2), which is projected to double by the end of the 21st century. elevated co2 may overcome the diffusional limitations to photosynthesis posed by stomata and mesophyll and alter the photo-biochemical limitations resulting from phosphorus deficiency. to evaluate these ideas, cotton (gossypium hirsutum) was grown in controlled environment growth chambers with three level ...201323384758
transcriptomic analysis of differentially expressed genes during anther development in genetic male sterile and wild type cotton by digital gene-expression profiling.cotton (gossypium hirsutum) anther development involves a diverse range of gene interactions between sporophytic and gametophytic tissues. however, only a small number of genes are known to be specifically involved in this developmental process and the molecular mechanism of the genetic male sterility (gms) is still poorly understand. to fully explore the global gene expression during cotton anther development and identify genes related to male sterility, a digital gene expression (dge) analysis ...201323402279
genetic diversity analysis in opal cotton hybrids based on ssr, issr, and rapd markers.cotton is one of the most economically important crops in iran; hybridization is a means to increase the genetic diversity and obtain new elite cultivars in this crop. we examined agronomic characteristics and molecular genetic diversity in the opal cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cultivar and in f(2) progenies. ten homo-primers and seven hetero-primers of 26 rapd primers produced 261 reproducible bands, with an average of 4.18 bands per primer and 22% polymorphism. the opb12/oph08 primer gave the h ...201323408413
identification of mitochondrial dna sequence variation and development of single nucleotide polymorphic markers for cms-d8 in cotton.cytoplasmic male sterility (cms), which is a maternally inherited trait and controlled by novel chimeric genes in the mitochondrial genome, plays a pivotal role in the production of hybrid seed. in cotton, no pcr-based marker has been developed to discriminate cms-d8 (from gossypium trilobum) from its normal upland cotton (ad1, gossypium hirsutum) cytoplasm. the objective of the current study was to develop pcr-based single nucleotide polymorphic (snp) markers from mitochondrial genes for the cm ...201323435734
a cotton gene encoding myb-like transcription factor is specifically expressed in pollen and is involved in regulation of late anther/pollen development.in flowering plants, pollen development is a highly programmed process, in which a lot of genes are involved. in this study, a gene, designated as ghmyb24, encoding r2r3-myb-like protein was isolated from cotton. ghmyb24 protein is localized in the cell nucleus and acts as a transcriptional activator. northern blot analysis revealed that ghmyb24 transcripts were predominantly detected in anthers. it was further found that strong expression of ghmyb24 was mainly detected in pollen and was regulat ...201323447105
reproductive dormancy in boll-weevil from populations of the midwest of brazil.the boll weevil (anthonomus grandis boheman) (coleoptera: curculionidae) is an introduced pest in brazil, which in 30 yr has successfully expanded to various eco-regions and became the most important pest of cotton (gossypium hirsutum, malvaceae). given the limited knowledge about the adaptive mechanisms that allowed successful establishment of the pest population in a tropical region, in this work we studied the potential of the midwest population of boll weevils to enter a reproductive dormanc ...201323448019
verde plant bug (hemiptera: miridae) feeding injury to cotton bolls characterized by boll age, size, and damage ratings.the verde plant bug, creontiades signatus (distant), has been present in south texas for several years but has more recently been documented as an economic threat to cultivated cotton, (gossypium hirsutum l. our studies over 2 yr (2009 and 2010) and two locations (weslaco and corpus christi, tx) investigated feeding-injury of the verde plant bug to a range of cotton boll age classes defined by boll diameter and accumulated degree-days (anthesis to the time of infesting) for first-position cotton ...201323448031
polycat: a resource for genome categorization of sequencing reads from allopolyploid organisms.read mapping is a fundamental part of next-generation genomic research but is complicated by genome duplication in many plants. categorizing dna sequence reads into their respective genomes enables current methods to analyze polyploid genomes as if they were diploid. we present polycat-a pipeline for mapping and categorizing all types of next-generation sequence data produced from allopolyploid organisms. polycat uses gsnap's single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp)-tolerant mapping to minimize the ...201323450226
cotton fiber cell walls of gossypium hirsutum and gossypium barbadense have differences related to loosely-bound xyloglucan.cotton fiber is an important natural textile fiber due to its exceptional length and thickness. these properties arise largely through primary and secondary cell wall synthesis. the cotton fiber of commerce is a cellulosic secondary wall surrounded by a thin cuticulated primary wall, but there were only sparse details available about the polysaccharides in the fiber cell wall of any cotton species. in addition, gossypium hirsutum (gh) fiber was known to have an adhesive cotton fiber middle lamel ...201323457548
cysteine protease enhances plant-mediated bollworm rna interference.oral ingestion of plant-expressed double stranded rna (dsrna) triggers target gene suppression in insect. an important step of this process is the transmission of dsrna from plant to midgut cells. insect peritrophic matrix (pm) presents a barrier that prevents large molecules from entering midgut cells. here, we show that uptake of plant cysteine proteases, such as ghcp1 from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and atcp2 from arabidopsis, by cotton bollworm (helicoverpa armigera) larvae resulted in atte ...201323460027
variations and transmission of qtl alleles for yield and fiber qualities in upland cotton cultivars developed in china.cotton is the world's leading cash crop, and genetic improvement of fiber yield and quality is the primary objective of cotton breeding program. in this study, we used various approaches to identify qtls related to fiber yield and quality. firstly, we constructed a four-way cross (4wc) mapping population with four base core cultivars, stoneville 2b, foster 6, deltapine 15 and zhongmiansuo no.7 (cri 7), as parents in chinese cotton breeding history and identified 83 qtls for 11 agronomic and fibe ...201323468939
variable rate application of nematicides on cotton fields: a promising site-specific management strategy.field tests were conducted to determine if differences in response to nematicide application (i.e., root-knot nematode (rkn) populations, cotton yield, and profitability) occurred among rkn management zones (mz). the mz were delineated using fuzzy clustering of five terrain (tr) and edaphic (ed) field features related to soil texture: apparent soil electrical conductivity shallow (eca-shallow) and deep (eca-deep), elevation (el), slope (sl), and changes in bare soil reflectance. zones with lowes ...201223482903
integrated metabolomics and genomics analysis provides new insights into the fiber elongation process in ligon lintless-2 mutant cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).the length of cotton fiber is an important agronomic trait characteristic that directly affects the quality of yarn and fabric. the cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fiber mutation, ligon lintless-2, is controlled by a single dominant gene (li(2)) and results in extremely shortened lint fibers on mature seeds with no visible pleiotropic effects on vegetative growth and development. the li(2) mutant phenotype provides an ideal model system to study fiber elongation. to understand metabolic processes ...201323497242
an integrative analysis of four cesa isoforms specific for fiber cellulose production between gossypium hirsutum and gossypium barbadense.cotton fiber is an excellent model system of cellulose biosynthesis; however, it has not been widely studied due to the lack of information about the cellulose synthase (cesa) family of genes in cotton. in this study, we initially identified six full-length cesa genes designated as ghcesa5-ghcesa10. phylogenetic analysis and gene co-expression profiling revealed that cesa1, cesa2, cesa7, and cesa8 were the major isoforms for secondary cell wall biosynthesis, whereas cesa3, cesa5, cesa6, cesa9, a ...201323508664
genotypic variability for root/shoot parameters under water stress in some advanced lines of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).research pertaining to genetic variability parameters, heritability, and genotypic, phenotypic, simple, and environmental correlations for various seedling traits in five elite advanced cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) lines (fh-113, fh-114, fh-941, fh-942, and fh-2015) and one check (cim-496) was carried out during october and november 2010 under greenhouse conditions at the cotton research institute (faisalabad, pakistan). material was raised in plastic tubes with a randomized complete block des ...201323512672
analysis of flavonoids and the flavonoid structural genes in brown fiber of upland cotton.as a result of changing consumer preferences, cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) from varieties with naturally colored fibers is becoming increasingly sought after in the textile industry. the molecular mechanisms leading to colored fiber development are still largely unknown, although it is expected that the color is derived from flavanoids.201323527031
cytogenetic characteristics of new monosomic stocks of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).the use of aneuploid lines significantly increases the effectiveness of molecular-genetic analysis and the development of superior quality breeding lines via substitutions by alien chromosomes. to date, however, a complete set of aneuploid series for each cotton chromosome is not available. here, we present the development of a monosomic stock collection of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) from uzbekistan, including the origin of 92 primary monosomics, meiotic metaphase-i analysis, study of tetrad ...201123533784
a genetic and metabolic analysis revealed that cotton fiber cell development was retarded by flavonoid naringenin.the cotton (gossypium spp.) fiber is a unique elongated cell that is useful for investigating cell differentiation. previous studies have demonstrated the importance of factors such as sugar metabolism, the cytoskeleton, and hormones, which are commonly known to be involved in plant cell development, while the secondary metabolites have been less regarded. by mining public data and comparing analyses of fiber from two cotton species (gossypium hirsutum and gossypium barbadense), we found that th ...201323535943
construction of a plant-transformation-competent bibac library and genome sequence analysis of polyploid upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).cotton, one of the world's leading crops, is important to the world's textile and energy industries, and is a model species for studies of plant polyploidization, cellulose biosynthesis and cell wall biogenesis. here, we report the construction of a plant-transformation-competent binary bacterial artificial chromosome (bibac) library and comparative genome sequence analysis of polyploid upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) with one of its diploid putative progenitor species, g. raimondii ulbr.201323537070
wuschel overexpression promotes somatic embryogenesis and induces organogenesis in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) tissues cultured in vitro.this work shows that overexpression of the wus gene from arabidopsis enhanced the expression of embryogenic competence and triggered organogenesis from some cells of the regenerated embryo-like structures. agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of cotton was described in the late 1980s, but is still time consuming and largely genotype dependant due to poor regeneration. to help solve this bottleneck, we over-expressed the wuschel (wus) gene, a homeobox transcription factor cloned in arabi ...201323543366
mapping heterotic loci for yield and agronomic traits using chromosome segment introgression lines in cotton.in the present study, a set of chromosome segment introgression lines (csils) using gossypium hirsutum l. tm-1 as the recipient parent and g. barbadense hai7124 as the donor parent were used to explore the genetic basis of heterosis for interspecific hybrids. two sets of f₁ populations individually derived from csils crossing with both parents were configured to investigate heterotic loci (hl) and substitution effect loci (sl). a total of 58 hl and 39 sl were identified in 3 years. one stable hl ...201323570369
assessment of impact of solar uv components on growth and antioxidant enzyme activity in cotton plant.a field experiment was conducted to study the impact of solar uv-b (280-315 nm) and uv-a (315-400 nm) components on the growth and antioxidant enzyme activity in cotton plant (gossypium hirsutum var. vikram). solar uv components were excluded by filtering the sunlight through selective uv-b (<315 nm) and uv-b/a (<400 nm) absorbing polyester films. plants grown under filters that transmitted solar uv served as controls. exclusion of uv-b and uv-b/a enhanced plant height, leaf area and total bioma ...201123573013
comparative transcriptome analysis of gossypium hirsutum l. in response to sap sucking insects: aphid and whitefly.cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) is a major fiber crop that is grown worldwide; it faces extensive damage from sap-sucking insects, including aphids and whiteflies. genome-wide transcriptome analysis was performed to understand the molecular details of interaction between gossypium hirsutum l. and sap-sucking pests, namely aphis gossypii (aphid) and bemisia tabacci (whiteflies). roche's gs-titanium was used to sequence transcriptomes of cotton infested with aphids and whiteflies for 2 h and 24 h.201323577705
two modified rna extraction methods compatible with transcript profiling and gene expression analysis for cotton roots.efficient isolation of high-quality rna is of prime importance for optimal transcript profiling results and further gene expression analysis. however, it is difficult for cotton roots because of lower-than-average rna content and high content of polysaccharides, polyphenols, and other secondary metabolites. to develop simple and reliable protocols for high-quality rna extraction from cotton roots for transcript profiling and gene expression analysis, some modifications were introduced to a repor ...201323581784
the relationship between environmental variables and response of cotton to nematicides.nematicide/irrigation rate trials were conducted in texas (tx) in 2009 and 2010 in cotton grown at three irrigation rates, where irrigation rate (base (b), b - 33%, b + 33%) was the main plot and treatment (untreated check, aldicarb, and nematicide seed treatment (nst) and nst + aldicarb) were the subplots. aldicarb improved cotton lint yield with the base (medium) irrigation rate over the untreated check, but not at the b - 33% and b + 33% irrigation rates. in a second evaluation, 20 tests cond ...201323589654
comparative expression profiling of mirna during anther development in genetic male sterile and wild type cotton.genetic male sterility (gms) in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) plays an important role in the utilization of hybrid vigor. however, the molecular mechanism of the gms is still unclear. while numerous studies have demonstrated that micrornas (mirna) regulate flower and anther development, whether different small rna regulations exist in gms and its wild type is unclear. a deep sequencing approach was used to investigate the global expression and complexity of small rnas during cotton anther developm ...201323597285
agroinoculation of a full-length cdna clone of cotton leafroll dwarf virus (clrdv) results in systemic infection in cotton and the model plant nicotiana benthamiana.cotton blue disease is the most important viral disease of cotton in the southern part of south america. its etiological agent, cotton leafroll dwarf virus (clrdv), is specifically transmitted to host plants by the aphid vector (aphis gossypii) and any attempt to perform mechanical inoculations of this virus into its host has failed. this limitation has held back the study of this virus and the disease it causes. in this study, a full-length cdna of clrdv was constructed and expressed in vivo un ...201323623981
cotton bracts are adapted to a microenvironment of concentrated co2 produced by rapid fruit respiration.elucidation of the mechanisms by which plants adapt to elevated co2 is needed; however, most studies of the mechanisms investigated the response of plants adapted to current atmospheric co2. the rapid respiration rate of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fruits (bolls) produces a concentrated co2 microenvironment around the bolls and bracts. it has been observed that the intercellular co2 concentration of a whole fruit (bract and boll) ranges from 500 to 1300 µmol mol(-1) depending on the irradiance, ...201323625144
chloroplast-targeted expression of recombinant crystal-protein gene in cotton: an unconventional combat with resistant pests.plants transformed with single bt gene are liable to develop insect resistance and this has already been reported in a number of studies carried out around the world where bt cotton was cultivated on commercial scale. later, it was envisaged to transform plants with more than one bt genes in order to combat with resistant larvae. this approach seems valid as various bt genes possess different binding domains which could delay the likely hazards of insect resistance against a particular bt toxin. ...201323643479
cotton gasl genes encoding putative gibberellin-regulated proteins are involved in response to ga signaling in fiber development.gast (ga-stimulated transcript)-like genes have been reported as targets of ga regulation in some plant species. in this study, we isolated seven gast-like cdnas from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cdna libraries (designated as ghgasl1-ghgasl7). meanwhile, the genomic dna clones corresponding to the seven ghgasl genes were isolated by using pcr amplification technique. analysis of gene structure revealed that four genes (ghgasl1/3/5/6) contain two exons and one intron, while the rest have four exon ...201323645033
cotton anngh3 encoding an annexin protein is preferentially expressed in fibers and promotes initiation and elongation of leaf trichomes in transgenic arabidopsis.the annexins are a multifamily of calcium-regulated phospholipid-binding proteins. to investigate the roles of annexins in fiber development, four genes encoding putative annexin proteins were isolated from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and designated anngh3, anngh4, anngh5, and anngh6. quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) results indicated that anngh3, anngh4, and anngh5 were preferentially expressed in fibers, while the transcripts of anngh6 were predominantly a ...201323651035
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