Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| construction strategy for an internal amplification control for real-time diagnostic assays using nucleic acid sequence-based amplification: development and clinical application. | an important analytical control in molecular amplification-based methods is an internal amplification control (iac), which should be included in each reaction mixture. an iac is a nontarget nucleic acid sequence which is coamplified simultaneously with the target sequence. with negative results for the target nucleic acid, the absence of an iac signal indicates that amplification has failed. a general strategy for the construction of an iac for inclusion in molecular beacon-based real-time nucle ... | 2004 | 15583319 |
| intracellular invasion and persistence: survival strategies of streptococcus suis and mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis. | streptococcus (s.) suis and mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) differ substantially in their host specificity and tissue tropism. s. suis is a facultative pathogen in swine, which mainly colonises the upper respiratory tract and can cause meningitis, septicemia, arthritis and pneumonia. in contrast, map is an obligatory pathogen causing paratuberculosis in ruminants, and shows high tropism for the intestinal tract. both pathogens are able to invade and persist in host cells. in s. s ... | 2004 | 15584427 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine fecal samples: comparison of three polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostic tests with a conventional culture method. | three commercially available assays, designed to specifically detect the presence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in fecal samples by is900-pcr, were compared with a conventional culture method. fecal samples from 100 dairy cows were tested. fifty-four (67.5%) of 80 culture-positive samples were positive for an assay that detects map dna by dot spot hybridization of polymerase chain reaction products (kit a), 48 (60%) were positive by an assay using ethidium bromide staining ... | 2004 | 15586564 |
| a multilaboratory evaluation of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test for the detection of antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cattle. | five laboratories participated in a study to evaluate sources of variation in results from an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. each laboratory repeatedly tested duplicates of a negative, positive (p), and high-positive (hp) serum sample, which were supplied by the united states department of agriculture: animal and plant health inspection service: veterinary services, national veterinary services laboratories, ames, ia, ... | 2004 | 15586565 |
| a retrospective study of mortality in pennsylvania captive white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus): 20000--2003. | the postmortem records of 160 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) submitted for necropsy examination from 59 separate pennsylvania captive deer farms over a 3.5-year period were reviewed to determine the primary cause of death of each animal. the most common causes of death were bronchopneumonia (39 cases), enterocolitis (30 cases), malnutrition (13 cases), and trauma (11 cases). other causes of mortality included severe gastrointestinal parasitism (6 cases), cellulitis with septicemia (5 ... | 2004 | 15586566 |
| crohn's disease and map. | 2004 | 15610800 | |
| crohn's disease and map. | 2004 | 15610801 | |
| efficacy of pasteurization conditions for the inactivation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the causative agent of a chronic enteritis in ruminants (johne's disease), has been linked to crohn's disease in humans. this microorganism is shed by infected animals primarily in the feces but is also shed in the milk at much lower levels. therefore, dairy products from infected animals may be one mode of transmission of this animal pathogen. this study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the holder and high-temperature short-time pasteuri ... | 2004 | 15633677 |
| comparison of diagnostic detection methods for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in north american bison. | tissues and fecal material were collected from 14 north american bison (bison bison) that were suspected of having johne's disease and analyzed for the presence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis). sections of ileum, ileal-cecal lymph node, and three sequential sections of jejunum with their associated mesenteric lymph nodes were taken from each animal. fecal culture indicated that 5 of 14 (35.7%) animals were infected, whereas cultures from tissues detected 12 o ... | 2005 | 15657271 |
| immunoreactivity of the mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 19-kda lipoprotein. | the mycobacterium tuberculosis 19-kda lipoprotein has been reported to stimulate both t and b cell responses as well as induce a number of th1 cytokines. in order to evaluate the mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis) 19-kda lipoprotein as an immunomodulator in cattle with johne's disease, the gene encoding the 19-kda protein (map0261c) was analyzed. | 2005 | 15663791 |
| evaluation of surgical tissue from patients with crohn's disease for the presence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis dna by in situ hybridization and nested polymerase chain reaction. | crohn's disease (cd) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) with tissue granuloma and histopathological alteration that resembles aspects in tuberculosis, leprosy, and paratuberculosis. mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis, with a suspected role in the etiology of cd. we investigated the presence of map dna in 31 surgical tissue samples from 20 subjects using fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) with the aid of confocal scanning ... | 2005 | 15677904 |
| evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays performed on milk and serum samples for detection of paratuberculosis in lactating dairy cows. | to determine whether results obtained for milk and serum samples with elisas intended for diagnosis of paratuberculosis in dairy cows were comparable to results obtained by means of mycobacterial culture of fecal samples. | 2005 | 15702694 |
| effects of positive results for mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis as determined by microbial culture of feces or antibody elisa on results of caudal fold tuberculin test and interferon-gamma assay for tuberculosis in cattle. | to determine whether cattle testing positive for mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis as determined by microbial culture of feces or antibody elisa were more likely to have false-positive responses on the caudal fold tuberculin (cft) test or interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) assay for mycobacterium bovis than cattle testing negative for m paratuberculosis. | 2005 | 15702695 |
| targeting enteric bacteria in treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases: why, how, and when. | this review discusses the role of bacterial adjuvants and antigens in induction and reactivation of chronic intestinal inflammation in susceptible hosts; discusses the results of recent therapeutic trials of antibiotics, probiotics, and prebiotics; and suggests future treatment strategies. | 2003 | 15703577 |
| development of a johne's disease infection model in laboratory rabbits following oral administration of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | to assess the rabbit as a model for the study of johne's disease pathogenesis, a breeding group of adult and juvenile new zealand white rabbits were orally challenged with three doses of the mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis wildtype bovine strain, clij623, on three occasions. faecal culture, post-mortem tissue bacteriological culture and histopathology were used to monitor the disease progression in the rabbits for more than 2 years. of 4 adult and 16 juvenile orally dosed rabbits ... | 2004 | 15708817 |
| evaluation of multiple genomic targets for identification and confirmation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates using real-time pcr. | specificity of six previously published mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) genomic loci, including 10, 38, 56, 93, 251, and 252 were evaluated in this study. target 251 which was identified as map-specific was further evaluated in 210 map isolates, 14 non-map mycobacterial species, 7 atypical mycobacterial isolates, and 9 other bacterial species using real-time pcr. a previously published is900 primer and probe combination was used as a positive control along with a universal ribo ... | 2004 | 15708818 |
| paratuberculosis and avian tuberculosis infections in one red deer farm studied by is900 and is901 rflp analysis. | as the attempt to eradicate paratuberculosis in one red deer (cervus elaphus) farm failed, all 167 red deer of different age groups were slaughtered and examined by culture for mycobacteria, and the farm was closed down. spleen and hepatic lymph nodes, mediastinal lymph node, ileocecal lymph node, and ileum were collected from each animal and examined (a total of 835 organs). neither tuberculosis lesions nor pathognomic signs of paratuberculosis were detected. among all microscopically negative ... | 2005 | 15708824 |
| mycobacterial diseases of deer. | the most significant mycobacterial diseases of free-living, captive and farmed deer are bovine tuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium bovis, johne's disease (paratuberculosis), caused by mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (basonym m. paratuberculosis), and avian tuberculosis, caused principally by m. avium subsp avium. the first case of m. bovis infection in farmed deer was identified in new zealand in 1978. in 1983, a voluntary scheme was introduced in new zealand to control tuberculosis ... | 2004 | 15726126 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from free-ranging deer and rabbits surrounding minnesota dairy herds. | the objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) among deer and rabbits surrounding infected and noninfected minnesota dairy farms using fecal culture, and to describe the frequency that farm management practices were used that could potentially lead to transmission of infection between these species. fecal samples from cows and the cow environment were collected from 108 minnesota dairy herds, and fecal pellets from free-ranging w ... | 2005 | 15745220 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis cultured from locally and commercially pasteurized cow's milk in the czech republic. | between november 2002 and april 2003, 244 bottles and cartons of commercially pasteurized cow's milk were obtained at random from retail outlets throughout the czech republic. during the same period, samples of raw milk and of milk that was subsequently subjected to a minimum of 71.7 degrees c for 15 s in a local pasteurization unit were also obtained from two dairy herds, designated herds a and b, with low and high levels, respectively, of subclinical mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ... | 2005 | 15746320 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in fallow deer and wild boar in spain. | 2005 | 15747660 | |
| development of an ims-pcr assay for the detection of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in water. | to develop a sensitive detection method for mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) in water by modifying and optimizing an existing immunomagnetic separation polymerase chain reaction (ims-pcr) technique. | 2005 | 15752216 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies against bovine leukemia virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum in dairy cattle in saskatchewan. | blood was drawn from 1530 dairy cows in 51 herds. for antibodies against bovine leukemia virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum, 37.4%, 2.7%, and 5.6% of cows were test positive, respectively, while 29.2% of herds had unvaccinated animals with > or = 1:64 for bovine viral diarrhea virus. | 2005 | 15759829 |
| comparative genomic hybridizations reveal genetic regions within the mycobacterium avium complex that are divergent from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is genetically similar to other members of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac), some of which are nonpathogenic and widespread in the environment. we have utilized an m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis whole-genome microarray representing over 95% of the predicted coding sequences to examine the genetic conservation among 10 m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates, two isolates each of mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum and mycobacterium avium sub ... | 2005 | 15774884 |
| prevalence of and risk factors for paratuberculosis in purebred beef cattle. | to estimate the prevalence of paratuberculosis in purebred beef cattle in texas and identify risk factors for seropositivity. | 2005 | 15776952 |
| genetic diversity of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis isolates from goats detected by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | paratuberculosis in goats occurs worldwide causing considerable economic losses mainly due to reduced milk production. nowadays, there is still relatively little knowledge about the epidemiology of this disease in goats, and only a few epidemiological studies have been carried out in goats naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. a. paratuberculosis). the objective of this study was to characterize forty four clinical caprine isolates of m. a. paratuberculosis ... | 2005 | 15778031 |
| improving food safety within the dairy chain: an application of conjoint analysis. | this study determined the relative importance of attributes of food safety improvement in the production chain of fluid pasteurized milk. the chain was divided into 4 blocks: "feed" (compound feed production and its transport), "farm" (dairy farm), "dairy processing" (transport and processing of raw milk, delivery of pasteurized milk), and "consumer" (retailer/catering establishment and pasteurized milk consumption). the concept of food safety improvement focused on 2 main groups of hazards: che ... | 2005 | 15778330 |
| mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis recombinant heat shock protein 70 interaction with different bovine antigen-presenting cells. | abstract heat shock proteins (hsp) can deliver antigen into the major histocompatibility complex class i presentation pathway of antigen-presenting cells (apc), a process called cross priming, thus stimulating antigen-specific cd8+ t-cell reactions. hsp were shown to elicit proinflammatory responses in apc. both processes require interaction of hsp with apc via specific receptors. this study describes the interaction of recombinant hsp70 (rhsp70) of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosi ... | 2005 | 15787741 |
| does high organochlorine (oc) exposure impair the resistance to infection in polar bears (ursus maritimus)? part ii: possible effect of ocs on mitogen- and antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. | previous studies have reported alarmingly high levels of organochlorines (ocs), particularly polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), in free-ranging polar bears (ursus maritimus). in this study plasma concentration of pcbs ranged from 14.8 to 200 ng/g wet weight. the aim of the study was to investigate associations between ocs and lymphocyte proliferation after in vitro stimulation with different mitogens and antigens. in 1998 and 1999, 26 and 30 free-ranging polar bears from svalbard and churchill, c ... | 2005 | 15799246 |
| heat inactivation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk. | the effectiveness of pasteurization and the concentration of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in raw milk have been identified in quantitative risk analysis as the most critical factors influencing the potential presence of viable mycobacterium paratuberculosis in dairy products. a quantitative assessment of the lethality of pasteurization was undertaken using an industrial pasteurizer designed for research purposes with a validated reynolds number of 62,112 and flow rates of 3,000 li ... | 2005 | 15812001 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the catchment area and water of the river taff in south wales, united kingdom, and its potential relationship to clustering of crohn's disease cases in the city of cardiff. | in south wales, united kingdom, a populated coastal region lies beneath hill pastures grazed by livestock in which mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is endemic. the taff is a spate river running off the hills and through the principal city of cardiff. we sampled taff water above cardiff twice weekly from november 2001 to november 2002. m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was detected by is900 pcr and culture. thirty-one of 96 daily samples (32.3%) were is900 pcr positive, and 12 grew m. a ... | 2005 | 15812047 |
| investigation of antigen-specific t-cell responses and subcutaneous granuloma development during experimental sensitization of calves with mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. | to characterize the early cellular immune response to mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) infection and evaluate the development of granulomatous inflammation at the sc injection site in experimentally inoculated calves. | 2005 | 15822593 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis enters the small intestinal mucosa of goat kids in areas with and without peyer's patches as demonstrated with the everted sleeve method. | the main lesions of paratuberculosis in ruminants are in the small intestine. previous studies have shown that the bacterium enters the small intestine through m cells found in the follicle-associated epithelium lining the domes of the peyer's patches. the everted sleeve method, devised for the in vitro study of intestinal absorption, was used in this study to investigate the uptake of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in goat intestine. everted small intestinal sleeves of goat kids, p ... | 2005 | 15857661 |
| fecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by dairy cows. | between 1982 and 2000, fecal samples were obtained from 786 cows that were shedding mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). these cows were resident on 93 pennsylvania dairies (mean herd size, 64 milk cows) that had no or minimal previous testing for map. feces were cultured on four tubes of herrold's egg yolk medium and the distribution of mean map colony forming units (cfu) was evaluated. most cows were light (< 10 cfu/tube, 51.4%) or high (> 50 cfu/tube, 30.8%) fecal shedders with ... | 2005 | 15863285 |
| rapid detection and typing of strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from broth cultures. | a liquid culture followed by molecular confirmation was evaluated for potential to improve sensitivity and reduce time to diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. fecal samples from 240 animals from ohio farms were assessed for presence of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis using four different protocols: (i) sedimentation processing followed by inoculation on herrold's egg yolk media (heym) slants (monitored biweekly up to 16 weeks), (ii) double centrifugation processin ... | 2005 | 15872229 |
| distribution of is1311 and is1245 in mycobacterium avium subspecies revisited. | we demonstrated that is1245 is not present in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by restriction fragment length polymorphism and that the designated three-banded bird pattern of is1245 in m. avium subsp. avium consists of one copy of is1245 and two copies of is1311. cross hybridization between the two elements can be avoided by using more specific probes. | 2005 | 15872295 |
| inducible nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in the granulomatous intestinal lesions of naturally occurring bovine johne's disease. | inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) is important in the control of a number of intracellular pathogens, including mycobacteria, and is a marker of classic macrophage activation. in human granulomatous diseases such as leprosy, a spectrum of granulomatous lesions is described, ranging from the tuberculoid to lepromatous types. tuberculoid granulomas are associated with enhanced inos production and improved clinical outcomes over the lepromatous types. the aim of this study is to determine whet ... | 2005 | 15872370 |
| real-time pcr-based methods for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in water and milk. | a real-time pcr assay for quantitative detection of mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis has been developed. it targets and amplifies sequences from the is900 insertion element which is specific for this bacterium, and includes an internal amplification control. the assay was tested against 18 isolates of m. avium paratuberculosis, 17 other mycobacterial strains, and 25 non-mycobacterial strains, and was fully selective. it is capable of detecting <3 genomic dna copies with 99% probability or al ... | 2005 | 15878410 |
| evaluation of the gamma interferon test for diagnosis of paratuberculosis in goats. | the gamma interferon assay was evaluated for diagnosis of paratuberculosis in goats with special emphasis on false positive reactions. four categories of herds were tested: (a) herds that had a history of paratuberculosis, had given positive mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis fecal samples and were vaccinated against paratuberculosis; (b) herds that had been vaccinated but had never shown clinical signs of paratuberculosis nor given positive m. a. paratuberculosis fecal samples; and (c) ... | 2005 | 15885801 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in intestinal and lymph node tissues of water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) by pcr and bacterial culture. | the efficacy of bacterial culture and is900-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was compared for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) from the intestinal and mesenteric lymph node tissues of water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) showing lesions of paratuberculosis (johne's disease). out of 20 (4.9%) animals showing histological lesions suggestive of paratuberculosis, 14 (70%) and 6 (30%) were positive in the pcr and bacterial culture, respectively. the results of t ... | 2005 | 15885931 |
| detection of viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in retail pasteurized whole milk by two culture methods and pcr. | cattle with johne's disease can shed live mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in their milk, and map can survive under simulated commercial pasteurization conditions. in several studies conducted in the united kingdom and canada, map dna has been detected in retail pasteurized milk samples; however, in one study in the united kingdom viable map was identified in commercially pasteurized milk. a double-blind study involving two laboratories was undertaken to evaluate retail pasteuri ... | 2005 | 15895728 |
| a critical role of interleukin-10 in the response of bovine macrophages to infection by mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. | to evaluate the role of interleukin (il)-10 in the inability of monocyte-derived bovine macrophages to kill mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis organisms in vitro. | 2005 | 15900955 |
| expression cloning of gamma interferon-inducing antigens of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | three recombinant proteins, map10, map39, and map41, produced based on nucleotide sequences obtained from the screening of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genomic library expressed in escherichia coli significantly elicited gamma interferon production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from infected cattle. two of these proteins were members of the ppe protein family. | 2005 | 15908411 |
| molecular analyses of mycobacteria other than the m. tuberculosis complex isolated from northern ireland cattle. | mycobacteria other than the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mott), isolated from northern ireland cattle, were identified by pcr amplification of the 16s rrna gene, and subsequent reverse cross blot hybridisation and sequence analyses. elucidation of the mott species was to facilitate specificity testing of new and existing diagnostic test reagents for bovine tuberculosis. the presence of the genes for potential diagnostic antigens: mpb70, mpb64, esat-6 and cfp-10 in the isolated mott specie ... | 2005 | 15917138 |
| real-time quantitative pcr detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and differentiation from other mycobacteria using sybr green and taqman assays. | sensitive real-time sequence detection methods based on two different chemistries were developed for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of johne's disease in cattle. one is based on the detection of sybr green bound to pcr products and the second method is more specific, detecting the cleavage of a fluorogenic (taqman) probe bound to a target sequence during primer extension phase. novel primers and probes that amplify small fragments (<80 bp) of the map speci ... | 2005 | 15927290 |
| absence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis components from crohn's disease intestinal biopsy tissues. | crohn's disease is a chronic human intestinal inflammatory disorder for which an etiologic agent has not been identified. johne's disease is a similar chronic enteric granulomatous disease of ruminant species and has been used as a model of crohn's disease. johne's disease has been proven to be caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. avium ss paratuberculosis). it has been proposed that m. avium ss paratuberculosis may also cause crohn's disease. this is of particular conce ... | 2003 | 15931311 |
| growth, congo red agar colony morphotypes and antibiotic susceptibility testing of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies (subsp.) paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease in ruminants and has been associated with crohn's disease in humans. we sought to test growth rates and susceptibilities of various strains of map in two available growth media. | 2004 | 15931343 |
| efficacy of various pasteurization time-temperature conditions in combination with homogenization on inactivation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk. | the effect of various pasteurization time-temperature conditions with and without homogenization on the viability of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was investigated using a pilot-scale commercial high-temperature, short-time (htst) pasteurizer and raw milk spiked with 10(1) to 10(5) m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells/ml. viable m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was cultured from 27 (3.3%) of 816 pasteurized milk samples overall, 5 on herrold's egg yolk medium and 22 by bactec cul ... | 2005 | 15932977 |
| attachment of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis to bovine intestinal organ cultures: method development and strain differences. | mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (map) causes chronic granulomatous inflammation of the intestinal tract in many species of animals, but the mechanisms of disease are poorly understood. attachment of bacteria to epithelial cells is a critical step in pathogenesis of many mucosal diseases. the goal of these studies was to develop an in vitro method to study attachment of map to bovine intestinal epithelial cells. short-term, bovine intestinal organ cultures were used to show a significan ... | 2005 | 15936903 |
| evaluation of five antibody detection tests for diagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis. | five diagnostic tests based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technology for bovine paratuberculosis were evaluated by using individual serum or milk samples from 359 dairy cattle in seven paratuberculosis-free herds and 2,094 dairy cattle in seven mycobacterium paratuberculosis-infected dairy herds. three independent laboratories using three different culture procedures completed fecal cultures for m. paratuberculosis on these cattle and found 417 cows to be shedding m. paratuberculo ... | 2005 | 15939741 |
| opsonization effects on mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis--macrophage interactions. | high antibody titers in ruminants infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis correlates with disease progression. effects of humoral responses during mycobacterial infection are not completely understood. this study suggests that activation status may be an important factor in determining macrophage ability to limit proliferation of opsonized m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | 2005 | 15939756 |
| cytokine gene expression profiles of bovine dendritic cells after interaction with mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (m.a.p.), escherichia coli (e. coli) or recombinant m.a.p. heat shock protein 70. | mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (m.a.p.) resides and replicates in macrophages. many of the of immune mechanisms aiding m.a.p. survival in the host's cells are known. however, little is known about interactions of m.a.p. with dendritic cells (dc). as dc are important for the induction of protective immunity against infectious diseases, we investigated the interaction of m.a.p. with these cells. quantitative real-time pcr (rt-pcr) was used to analyse differential expression of cytokine genes ... | 2005 | 15946745 |
| high prevalence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is900 dna in gut tissues from individuals with crohn's disease. | conflicting results exist about the presence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) specific is900 dna in crohn's disease (cd) tissues. therefore, we examined is900 in a large number of gut samples from patients with cd (n = 100) and ulcerative colitis (uc, n = 100), and in non-inflamed control tissues (nibd, n = 100). we hypothesised that is900 dna detection might be associated with distinct clinical phenotypic characteristics in cd. | 2005 | 15951539 |
| effects of seasonal climatic conditions on the diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in dairy cattle. | validity of johne's disease programs and control protocols that rely on established cut points [e.g., specified sample-to-positive (s/p) ratios] for elisa serological tests depends on interpreted results that are not susceptible to variable test accuracy. it was hypothesized that seasonal variability exists in serological response to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection. further, a reciprocal response may occur, resulting in greater risk of fecal shedding in subclinically ... | 2005 | 15956306 |
| the effect of interpreting an elisa at a lower cut-off on detection of clinical cases of bovine johne's disease. | 2005 | 15957394 | |
| effects of seropositivity for bovine leukemia virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum on culling in dairy cattle in four canadian provinces. | the purpose of this research was to determine the effects of seropositivity for exposure to bovine leukemia virus (blv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) and neospora caninum (nc) on overall and reason-specific culling in canadian dairy cattle. serum samples from, approximately, 30 randomly selected cows from 134 herds were tested for antibodies against blv, map and nc using commercially available elisa test kits, while 5 unvaccinated cat ... | 2005 | 15970402 |
| development of improved method for isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from bulk tank milk: effect of age of milk, centrifugation, and decontamination. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease in cattle and it has been suggested that this organism may be associated with crohn's disease in humans. cows at the advanced stage of the disease shed this organism into both their milk and feces. the objective of this study was to develop a more efficient procedure for isolating map from bulk tank raw milk. bulk tank raw milk (50 ml) samples 3 to 13 d old after collection without spiking were investigat ... | 2005 | 15971671 |
| identification of mycobacterium avium genes that affect invasion of the intestinal epithelium. | invasion of intestinal mucosa of the host by mycobacterium avium is a critical step in pathogenesis and likely involves several different bacterial proteins, lipids, glycoproteins, and/or glycolipids. through the screening of an m. avium genomic library in mycobacterium smegmatis, we have identified a number of m. avium genes that are associated with increased invasion of mucosal epithelial cells. in order to further investigate these genes, we cloned six of them into a plasmid downstream of a s ... | 2005 | 15972512 |
| development and evaluation of a mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) specific multiplex pcr assay. | there are specificity questions inherent in most of the current pcr systems that amplify the map is900 sequence as an indicator for mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) presence due to false positives associated with is900-like sequences that exists in other mycobacterium species besides map. we developed a multiplex pcr system designed to enhance specificity for map detection in a single pcr reaction. this pcr assay co-amplifies the mycobacterium species 16s rrna gene, map is90 ... | 2005 | 15982769 |
| detection and isolation of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from intestinal mucosal biopsies of patients with and without crohn's disease in sardinia. | sardinia is an island community of 1.6 million people. there are also about 3.5 million sheep and one hundred thousand cattle in which johne's disease and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection are endemic. the present study was designed to determine what proportion of people in sardinia attending for ileocolonoscopy with or without crohn's disease were infected with this pathogen. | 2005 | 15984976 |
| the mycobacteria story in crohn's disease. | the heterogeneity of crohn's disease suggests that it would be unwise to dismiss an infectious contribution to the pathogenesis in a subset of patients. the most enduring infectious candidate has been mycobacterium paratuberculosis, which appears to be widespread in nature and appears to have the potential to infect humans. however, there are many counterarguments to the notion that map causes crohn's disease, and numerous observations are seemingly at variance with this concept. | 2005 | 15984977 |
| application of the genome sequence to address concerns that mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis might be a foodborne pathogen. | johne's disease, a chronic inflammatory disease caused by infection with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis), is one of the most prevalent and costly diseases of dairy cattle worldwide. this ruminant pathogen is closely related to the ubiquitous animal and human pathogen mycobacterium avium subspecies avium (m. avium), confounding the development of specific diagnostic reagents. exacerbating this problem further is that most existing microbiological, serological ... | 2004 | 15992257 |
| evaluation of is900-pcr assay for detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in cattle using quarter milk and bulk tank milk samples. | a study was conducted to evaluate sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of is900-pcr assay for detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in pooled quarter milk and bulk tank milk. feces, blood and pooled quarter milk from 1493 lactating cattle on 29 herds were analyzed. bulk tank milk (n = 29 bulk tanks) samples were also examined. culture analysis revealed that 10.9%, 2.8%, and 20.6% of fecal, pooled quarter milk samples and bulk tanks were positive for m. avium subs ... | 2004 | 15992258 |
| detection of viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using luciferase reporter systems. | plasmid- and phage-based firefly luciferase reporter constructs were evaluated as rapid detection systems for viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). a map strain bearing a luciferase-encoding plasmid was detectable at 100 cells/ml in skim milk and 1000 cells/ml in whole milk. three luciferase-encoding mycobacteriophage were evaluated for detection of wild-type map. the best of these, phae85, allowed detection of >1000 cells/ml within 24-48 h. membrane filtration did not improv ... | 2004 | 15992288 |
| vaccination of sheep against m. paratuberculosis: immune parameters and protective efficacy. | johne's disease in ruminants is caused by the pathogenic bacterium mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map). currently available map commercial vaccines protect against clinical disease but not infection. in this study, the proprietary johne's vaccine neoparasec and an aqueous formulation of map 316f (aquavax) were tested in sheep. detailed immunological examination of blood and gut-associated lymphoid tissues was carried out on animals after vaccination and challenge with virulent ... | 2005 | 15992970 |
| progressive immunopathological changes during early stages of experimental infection of goats with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | a dose of 10(10) mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis was administered orally on seven occasions to produce experimental paratuberculosis infection in 10 5-8-week-old goat kids. bacteriological, immunological, and histopathological changes, their relationships, and the efficacy of the commonly used diagnostic methods were studied during the progressive disease up to 270 days postinfection (dpi). significant lymphocyte proliferative responses in the peripheral blood of five goats were ... | 2005 | 16006602 |
| construction of a genomic dna library of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | 1987 | 16031360 | |
| the detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in bovine faeces by isolation and the comparison of isolation with the examination of stained smears by light microscopy. | the detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis organisms in bovine faeces by isolation was compared with that by the microscopical examination of ziehl-neelsen stained faecal smears for the presence of clumps of acid-fast m. paratuberculosis organisms. faeces were obtained from cattle naturally or experimentally infected with m. paratuberculosis as well as from uninfected cattle. microscopical examination was an unreliable method for the detection of m. paratuberculosis organisms, since the org ... | 1988 | 16031463 |
| a cloned dna probe for the detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | dna extracted from mycobacterium paratuberculosis, which had been isolated from a cow with clinical johne's disease, was used to make a gene library in the escherichia coli expression vector phage lambda gt11. plaque-lifts were made from the library onto nitrocellulose membranes. these were screened by differential hybridization using radiolabelled chromosomal dna from m. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium phlei. by this method six recombinants that hybridized to m. paratuberculosis but not to m ... | 1989 | 16031516 |
| attempted definition by immunoblotting of the causes of reactivity in suspected false-positive sera in the brucella ovis complement fixation test. | seventy-nine suspected false-positive sera, obtained over 1 year from routine submissions for brucella ovis serological testing, were used in this study. these sera, which exhibited titres in the complement fixation test, but which because of their epidemiological history and their reactions in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gel diffusion test were suspected to be false positives, were further analysed by immunoblotting. in blots, using b. ovis antigens, rough lipopolysaccharide was i ... | 1996 | 16031926 |
| johne's disease in new zealand: the past, present and a glimpse into the future. | johne's disease is endemic in cattle and sheep in new zealand and is spreading in farmed deer. - procedures for the control of johne's disease in new zealand have been sporadic and often ineffective. characterisation of strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis using molecular biological techniques have revealed two distinct strain types. one type has been found in cattle, goats and deer, and the other in sheep, goats and deer. vaccination has been identified as an important method for the contr ... | 2002 | 16032238 |
| the emergence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in farmed deer in new zealand - a review of 619 cases. | to review cases in which mycobacterium paratuberculosis was identified in farmed deer in new zealand. | 2003 | 16032301 |
| a preliminary study of possible genetic influences on the susceptibility of sheep to johne's disease. | to investigate possible genetic influences on susceptibility or resistance of sheep to johne's disease. | 2005 | 16035186 |
| in vitro cellular immune responses to recombinant antigens of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | five recombinant antigens (ags; 85a, 85b, 85c, superoxide dismutase [sod], and 35-kda protein) were purified from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and evaluated for their ability to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pmbcs) from fecal-culture-positive cows (low and medium shedders) and culture-negative healthy cows. recombinant ags 85a, 85b, and 85c induced significant lymphocyte proliferation as well as the production of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma), interleukin-2 (il-2), ... | 2005 | 16041023 |
| the effect of johne's vaccination on tuberculin testing in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus). | to assess the degree of interference with bovine tuberculin testing in farmed red deer that vaccination of young deer with an oil-adjuvanted vs aqueous formulation of live attenuated mycobacterium paratuberculosis strain 316f vaccines would be likely to cause, and to compare immunological responses between vaccine formulations. | 2005 | 16044180 |
| histopathological classification of lesions associated with natural paratuberculosis infection in cattle. | paratuberculosis-associated lesions in 116 naturally infected adult cows, with or without clinical signs, were classified histopathologically. tissue samples obtained focused on gut-associated lymphoid tissue. lesions were divided into five categories. focal lesions (n=68 cases), consisted of small granulomas in the ileal and jejunal lymph nodes or the ileocaecal lymphoid tissue. in the multifocal type (n=13 cases), small granulomas or scattered giant cells appeared in some intestinal villi, as ... | 2005 | 16045917 |
| [mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in wild animal species and cattle in styria/austria]. | infections with mycobacterium ovium ssp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) are increasingly recognised worldwide. in addition to an increased prevalence of paratuberculosis in austrian cattle herds, recent years have also shown a rise in infections with m. paratuberculosis in wild red and roe deer, chamois and mouflon. during the period from june 2002 to september 2004, mesenteric lymph nodes were taken from a total of 483 wild animals hunted or found dead and from 338 deceased cattle. samp ... | 2005 | 16048043 |
| identification of members of mycobacterium avium species by accu-probes, serotyping, and single is900, is901, is1245 and is901-flanking region pcr with internal standards. | from mycobacterium avium species mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (n=961), mycobacterium a. avium (n=677), mycobacterium a. silvaticum (n=5), and mycobacterium a. hominissuis (n=1566) were examined, and from mycobacterium tuberculosis complex m. tuberculosis (n=2), mycobacterium bovis (n=13), m. bovis bcg (n=4), and mycobacterium caprae (n=10) were examined. from other mycobacterial species mycobacterium intracellulare (n=60) and atypical mycobacteria (n=256) including mycobacterium f ... | 2006 | 16061296 |
| genomic polymorphisms for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis diagnostics. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is an emerging pathogen of mammals and is being actively investigated as a possible zoonotic agent. the lack of reliable diagnostic assays has hampered rational assessment of the prevalence of this organism in humans and animals. we have used a comparative genomic approach to reveal genomic differences between m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and its close relative m. avium subsp. avium, a highly prevalent environmental organism. from computational and ... | 2005 | 16081899 |
| is900 restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from goats and cattle in norway. | in norway, paratuberculosis has been frequently diagnosed in goats, while cattle have been almost free of the infection. this difference in prevalence between goats and cattle has led to speculations about the existence of a mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. a. paratuberculosis) isolate that is non-pathogenic for cattle. there is little information available on genotypic variation of m. a. paratuberculosis isolated from animals in norway. in the present study, genotypic information ... | 2005 | 16108208 |
| description of the infection status in a norwegian cattle herd naturally infected by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | the norwegian surveillance and control programme for paratuberculosis revealed 8 seroreactors in a single dairy cattle herd that had no clinical signs of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. a. paratuberculosis) infection. paratuberculosis had been a clinical problem in goats several years previously in this herd. all 45 cattle were culled and a thorough investigation of the infection status was conducted by the use of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) immunoassay, measurement of antibodie ... | 2005 | 16108212 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in swiss dairy cattle by real-time pcr and culture: a comparison of the two assays. | to compare the two different diagnostic assays for the detection of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, the aetiological agent of paratuberculosis. | 2005 | 16108801 |
| expression of interleukin-10 and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 associated with susceptibility of cattle to infection with mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. | to determine functional characteristics of monocytes obtained from cows with subclinical infection with mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) that may have predisposed those cows to becoming infected with map sample population: monocytes obtained from 5 uninfected cows and 5 cows subclinically infected with map in a herd with a high prevalence of paratuberculosis (ie, johne's disease). | 2005 | 16111147 |
| experimental infection model for johne's disease in sheep. | johne's disease in ruminants results in chronic enteritis caused by the pathogenic bacterium mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. this study examined two m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains (jd3 and w), using different doses and routes of infection, to establish the optimal time postchallenge when predictable levels of infection, gut lesions, and clinical disease occur in a large proportion of sheep. while a small proportion (25%) of sheep challenged with a low-passage-number labora ... | 2005 | 16113277 |
| bovine nk cells can produce gamma interferon in response to the secreted mycobacterial proteins esat-6 and mpp14 but not in response to mpb70. | bovine nk cells have recently been characterized and the present study describes the interaction between nk cells, antigen-presenting cells, and secreted mycobacterial proteins. gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) production by nk cells was seen in approximately 30% of noninfected calves in response to the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-specific protein esat-6, mpp14 from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and purified protein derivative (ppd) from m. tuberculosis. in contrast, no respons ... | 2005 | 16113280 |
| the complete genome sequence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | we describe here the complete genome sequence of a common clone of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) strain k-10, the causative agent of johne's disease in cattle and other ruminants. the k-10 genome is a single circular chromosome of 4,829,781 base pairs and encodes 4,350 predicted orfs, 45 trnas, and one rrna operon. in silico analysis identified >3,000 genes with homologs to the human pathogen, m. tuberculosis (mtb), and 161 unique genomic regions that encode 39 previously ... | 2005 | 16116077 |
| evaluation of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis infection of dairy cows attributable to infection status of the dam. | to estimate the extent to which infection with mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) of cows in a large dairy was attributable to the infection status of their dams. | 2005 | 16121613 |
| evaluation of three elisas for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using tissue and fecal culture as comparison standards. | three serum elisas for detection of antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (mptb) were evaluated against culture of tissue and feces samples from 994 dairy cows collected at slaughter. culture of ileum and associated lymph nodes for mptb were positive for 160 (16.1%) of the 994 cows and 36 (3.6%) were fecal culture-positive for mptb. two of the elisas evaluated were absorbed indirect assays and the third was a non-absorbed indirect assay. estimated sensitivities of the ab ... | 2005 | 16125880 |
| a survey for mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in the royal zoological society of antwerp. | paratuberculosis is a chronic intestinal disease of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map). very little is known about the status of paratuberculosis in european zoos. in this study, the presence of map in the animal collection of the royal zoological society of antwerp (rzsa) was investigated. faecal and post mortem samples from 48 ruminants were used to set up cultures. dna from faeces, tissue and positive cultures were tested by is900 polymerase chain reacti ... | 2005 | 16129345 |
| amplified fragment length polymorphism to detect clonal diversity and distribution of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in selected minnesota dairy cattle. | the molecular ecology of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of johne's disease, is not well understood in the united states. in this study, a dna fingerprinting method, amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp), was used to subtype the pathogen and assess the clonal diversity of map in minnesota dairy herds. fifty-six fecal culture test-positive isolates from various minnesota counties and culture dates were analyzed in this study. the aflp identified ... | 2005 | 16130987 |
| performance of a johne's disease enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay adapted for milk samples from goats. | antibody detection-based tests for paratuberculosis offer speed and economy, 2 diagnostic test attributes important to animal industries with narrow profit margins. application of such tests to individual milk samples instead of serum samples can further improve testing efficiency and decrease testing cost. accuracy of a commercial bovine paratuberculosis enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) adapted for use on goat serum and milk samples was determined. fecal, blood, and milk samples were c ... | 2005 | 16130993 |
| comparison of blood polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle and sheep. | a study was carried out to compare the performance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and blood polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for diagnosis of paratuberculosis in cattle and sheep. for cattle, a set of 278 samples from 1 paratuberculosis-affected friesian farm was used; it included 80 elisa-positive samples and 198 elisa-negative samples from an age-matched group. ninety-four samples were from heifers and 184 were from 2-5-year-old cows. the overall analysis showed a clear associatio ... | 2005 | 16130994 |
| a model of the relationship between the epidemiology of johne's disease and the environment in suckler-beef herds. | a non-predictive, dynamic and stochastic herd-level simulation model of an outbreak of johne's in a suckler-beef herd is reported. importantly, the model incorporates, with a simple method, the environment as the primary source of infection, reflecting the consensual understanding of the disease. the model also takes into account the density of the infectious agent in the environment. a sensitivity analysis suggests that the model is highly and equally sensitive to certain parameters (probabilit ... | 2006 | 16140026 |
| use of rmpb70 protein and esat-6 peptide as antigens for comparison of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent, immunochromatographic, and latex bead agglutination assays for serodiagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. | current assays used to detect mycobacterium bovis infection lack accuracy, especially for recently infected animals, or are impractical for rapid field diagnostic applications. to overcome these limitations with serological assays, a synthetic peptide derived from early secretory antigenic target 6 (esat6-p) and a recombinant major secreted immunogenic protein (rmpb70) of m. bovis were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (eia), an immunochromatographic assay (icga), and a latex bead agg ... | 2005 | 16145098 |
| definitive differentiation between single and mixed mycobacterial infections in red deer (cervus elaphus) by a combination of duplex amplification of p34 and f57 sequences and hpy188i enzymatic restriction of duplex amplicons. | severe emaciation and mortalities suggestive of mycobacterial infections were recently reported for both adult and young wild red deer (cervus elaphus) in the southeastern part of belgium. in deer, tuberculous lesions are not pathognomonic of mycobacterium bovis infection due to gross and microscopic similarities with lesions caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis or m. avium subsp. avium. the aim of this study was to improve molecular methods for the species-specific identificati ... | 2005 | 16145120 |
| development of a nested pcr method targeting a unique multicopy element, ismap02, for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in fecal samples. | this study describes the development of a nested pcr assay that uses a unique element (ismap02) for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis that is present at six copies within the genome. in addition, the sensitivity of the assay with this element was compared to the sensitivity of detection of the is900 element in both conventional and real-time pcr assays. the specificity of the ismap02 element was evaluated by pcr of the dna extracted from isolates of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and ... | 2005 | 16145136 |
| survival of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in dam water and sediment. | in a previous longitudinal study, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis survived for 55 weeks in fecal material in the shade, but for much shorter periods in exposed locations. in this experiment, the survival of the organism was studied in 250 liters of dam water and sediment in large water troughs that were placed in either a semiexposed location or in a shaded location and compared to survival in fecal material and soil in the shaded location. survival in water and/or sediment in the sh ... | 2005 | 16151118 |
| johne's disease vaccine. | 2005 | 16155246 | |
| new method of serological testing for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (johne's disease) by flow cytometry. | johne's disease (jd) or paratuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), is one of the most widespread and economically important diseases of livestock and wild ruminants worldwide. attempts to control jd have proven inordinately difficult due to low levels of sensitivity by currently available diagnostic tests, which are also incapable of detecting prepatent map infections. in the present work, we describe the use of a flow cytometry method (fcm) for serological di ... | 2005 | 16156706 |
| tissue predilection sites and effect of dose on mycobacterium avium subs. paratuberculosis organism recovery in a short-term bovine experimental oral infection model. | the objective of this study was to develop a short-term experimental infection model for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in cattle, using small oral doses of organisms. specifically, the effect of dose size was evaluated, as well as specific tissue predilection sites for recovery of map. oral doses as low as 1.5 x 10(6) cfu reliably produced infection that could be detected 3 weeks following infection. detection of infection required culture of multiple intestinal samples (jeju ... | 2006 | 16165171 |