Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| dr3-restricted t cells from different hla-dr3-positive individuals recognize the same peptide (amino acids 2-12) of the mycobacterial 65-kda heat-shock protein. | studies in experimental animals have demonstrated that the t cell response to immunogenic proteins is limited to one or a few epitopes on such proteins and that the mhc haplotype of the responder is an important factor in determining which epitope is recognized (immune response gene effect). however, if and to what extent mhc genes control the immune response to pathogens in man is virtually unknown. we have studied the human t cell response to the mycobacterial 65-kda heat-shock protein, a majo ... | 1989 | 2480902 |
| leprosy and tuberculosis vaccine design. | tuberculosis and leprosy are bacillary infectious diseases which cause severe global health problems with approximately 50 to 60 million people suffering from tuberculosis and 10 to 15 million from leprosy. in the developing countries the currently available vaccine, bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) was found to be less effective than originally thought. this disappointment, as well as recent achievements in biotechnology, has led several researchers to embark on novel avenues towards a rational va ... | 1989 | 2482532 |
| cross-reactivity of mycobacterium leprae and m. tuberculosis and the implications for assessment of in vitro t cell function in leprosy patients. | the cross-reactivity in vitro between mycobacterium leprae and m. tuberculosis was studied in 41 aboriginal australians with leprosy, 78 uninfected contacts of leprosy patients and 38 control individuals. a vigorous t cell response to epitopes cross-reactive between these two mycobacteria was found for healthy uninfected contacts or non-contacts (controls) of leprosy patients, but not for the patients themselves. the data suggest that a vaccine based on antigen shared between m. leprae and other ... | 1989 | 2482558 |
| [immunopathology of leprosy]. | studies including close contacts of leprosy patients were performed; an inverse relationship between degree and length of exposure to mycobacterium leprae (mi) and the magnitude of the in vivo specific immune response (mitsuda reaction) was observed. on the other hand, this variable is greatly influenced by genetic determination. in the experimental adjuvant arthritis model, mi treatment was able to trigger a splenic suppressor cell population with regulatory activity on the immune response. the ... | 1989 | 2487413 |
| will the real m. leprae stand up and identify itself? | 1989 | 2488682 | |
| leprosy. | 1989 | 2488876 | |
| the experimental inoculation with mycobacterium leprae in autoimmune mice: results of mrl/lpr mice inoculated into the right hind foot (continued). | using mrl/lpr, nod and crj:cd-1 (icr) mice, inoculations of m. leprae were made into the right hind foot at a dose of 5.8 x 10(6) bacilli per foot in order to study the influence of the immunobiological characteristics of their mice on the growth of m. leprae. to summarize of the results, mrl/lpr mice showed the high susceptibility to m. leprae, while that of nod mice were poor. in conclusion, the immunobiological characteristics of mrl/lpr, autoimmune mice bearing lpr gene had effect on the mul ... | 1989 | 2489281 |
| the inhibitory effects by combined doses of dds and several immunostimulants on the growth of leprosy bacilli inoculated into footpads of hybrid nude mice, jcl:af-nu. | the inhibitory effects by the combined doses of bacteriostatic dds and several immunostimulants on the growth of leprosy bacilli (lb) inoculated into the footpads of nude mice were examined, using a strain of hybrid nude mice named jcl:af-nu, which is resistible to infections more than strain balb/c-nu. the results found were: 1. lb could proliferate up to 10(9) level in the footpads of this strain of hybrid nude mice. 2. the combined dose of muramyl dipeptide (mdp) or a water-soluble lipoidal a ... | 1989 | 2489282 |
| studies on the development of novel anti-leprous chemotherapeutics using nude mice with special reference to a new quinolone carboxylic acid, at-4140. | in order to develop a novel drug for antileprosy chemotherapy, the inhibitory effects of three synthesized compounds, a supplied antituberculous one and three quinolone carboxylic acids were examined on the growth of leprosy bacilli inoculated into the footpads of nude mice. amongst them, a new quinolone carboxylic acid, at-4140 whose chemical structure was 5-amino-1-cyclopropyl-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-(cis-3, 5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid strongly inhibited the g ... | 1989 | 2489283 |
| about bioresistance, comparative chemoresistance and sulfono resistance of m. leprae. | 1989 | 2490878 | |
| new approach to curb the transmission of leprosy. | the effect of local treatment of nose of lepromatous type of patients with different formulations of rifampicin nasal drops/sprays was investigated in a large number of patients. the preparations were either sprayed or instilled into the nostrils after flushing the nostrils with normal saline at 37 degrees c. it was observed that 10 mg/ml of rifampicin was effective in reducing the bi and mi to zero in nose in seven days in majority of the patients. no untoward effect was seen in any of the pati ... | 1989 | 2490879 |
| homology of the 70-kilodalton antigens from mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium bovis with the mycobacterium tuberculosis 71-kilodalton antigen and with the conserved heat shock protein 70 of eucaryotes. | two lambda gt11 recombinant clones, jkl2 and jkl15, each containing an insert coding for part of the highly immunogenic 70-kilodalton (kda) protein antigen, were isolated from a mycobacterium leprae genomic library by immunoscreening with the monoclonal antibody l7. clone jkl2 contained the largest insert, 2.3 kilobase pairs. nonoverlapping fragments of this insert were used as probes and showed strong hybridization to a number of mycobacterium tuberculosis-lambda gt11 recombinants producing pro ... | 1989 | 2491836 |
| schwann cells co-cultured with stimulated t cells and antigen express major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii determinants without interferon-gamma pretreatment: synergistic effects of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor on mhc class ii induction. | schwann cells (sc) do not express major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii antigens under normal culture conditions. sc can, however, be induced in vitro to express mhc class ii molecules by exposure to high concentrations of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and can present antigens to antigen-specific t cell lines. in the present study immunohistochemical labeling showed that most sc (greater than 90%) prepared from rat neonatal sciatic nerves expressed mhc class ii molecules when cultured t ... | 1989 | 2493382 |
| correlation between macrophage activation and bactericidal function and mycobacterium leprae antigen presentation in macrophages of leprosy patients and normal individuals. | the killing of mycobacterium leprae by resting and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-activated macrophages in normal subjects and leprosy patients was assessed. resting macrophages from normal individuals demonstrated the ability to kill m. leprae. for macrophages from tuberculoid patients, killing of m. leprae was only achieved in the presence of ifn-gamma, suggesting that initial t-cell activation occurs prior to the killing of m. leprae. in contrast, though activation with ifn-gamma rendered the l ... | 1989 | 2494115 |
| the reconstitution of cell-mediated immunity in the cutaneous lesions of lepromatous leprosy by recombinant interleukin 2. | human ril-2 (10-30 micrograms) was injected intradermally into the skin of patients with lepromatous leprosy with high bacillary loads. all patients responded to the lymphokine with local areas of induration that peaked at 24 h and persisted for 4-7 d irrespective of whether the site was "normal skin" or a nodular lesion. within 24 h there was an extensive emigration of t cells and monocytes into the site. the percentage of the dermis infiltrated by mononuclear cells increased by more than seven ... | 1989 | 2494293 |
| an electron microscopic study of alterations in the morphology and permeability of purified mycobacterium leprae. | this communication reports the association of changes in ultrastructure of mycobacterium leprae with alterations in its permeability. to study morphologic changes of the organisms under different conditions (of temperature and exposure to naoh and trypsin), ultrathin sections of the bacteria were cut and examined in an electron microscope. in the untreated bacilli and those washed with trypsin, the cytoplasmic membrane and the cell wall (peptidoglycan layer) remained intact; dapsone showed littl ... | 1989 | 2496221 |
| regulation of t cell responsiveness against mycobacterial antigens by hla class 2 immune response genes. | helper t lymphocytes can only recognize mycobacterial antigens when they are presented by hla class 2 molecules. thus, these molecules may play an important role in the regulation of the immune response against mycobacteria. in this paper it is demonstrated that the t cells from individuals with different hla class 2 molecules react to different mycobacterial antigens. these data indicate that hla class 2 molecules are the products of immune response (ir) genes for mycobacteria. such genetically ... | 1989 | 2496455 |
| serology of mycobacteria: characterization of antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies. | analysis of the antibody response to mycobacterial extracts has identified a limited set of proteins that are recognized as immunodominant in the balb/c strain of mice. detailed characterization has revealed that several of these antigens are homologues of proteins known to be induced in response to environmental stress stimuli in other prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types. it is proposed that differential gene expression may play a role in determining which antigens are recognized during infec ... | 1989 | 2496457 |
| molecular study of the t cell repertoire in family contacts and patients with leprosy. | the specificity of lymphocyte proliferative responses of 22 family contacts and 7 patients with leprosy were analyzed using ag fractions from soluble extracts of mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium tuberculosis. fractions 10-100 kda m.w. from each extract were separated by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electroblotted to nitrocellulose membrane and solubilized for use in lymphocyte culture. the main immunogenic fractions for both contacts and patients had m.w. of 12,000 to 22,000, 35 ... | 1989 | 2497176 |
| genetic susceptibility to leprosy on a caribbean island: linkage analysis with five markers. | our recent segregation analysis, carried out on 27 large pedigrees from a caribbean island (desirade), has shown the presence of recessive major gene(s) controlling susceptibility to leprosy per se and nonlepromatous leprosy, respectively. linkage analysis was performed between each of these two detected genes and each of five markers typed in the desirade population: hla, abo, rhesus, gm and km. no positive significant lod score was observed. however, for leprosy per se close linkage was exclud ... | 1989 | 2501438 |
| accessory cell heterogeneity in lepromatous leprosy; dendritic cells and not monocytes support t cell responses. | dendritic cell (dc)-enriched cell populations from anergic lepromatous leprosy (ll) patients were found to be several-hundred-fold more efficient than monocytes (mo) in promoting antigen-induced t cell responses in autologous accessory + t cell cultures. whereas, the use of autologous monocytes over a wide concentration range failed to stimulate mycobacterium leprae-induced t cell proliferation, dc at concentrations as low as 0.1% induced significant proliferation in 9/15 and interferon gamma pr ... | 1989 | 2503276 |
| structure and function in mycobacterium leprae and other difficult-to-grow mycobacteria. proceedings of the 4th international colloquium on mycobacteria. paris, 19, 20 and 21st of september 1988. | 1989 | 2503960 | |
| in situ locations of mycobacterium leprae-specific antigens. immunoelectronoptical studies. | lipid or protein antigen sites in mycobacterium leprae proper and in m. leprae -infected human or armadillo tissues were investigated by immunogold-electron microscopy. simultaneous preservation of immunogenicity of antigens and conservation of ultrastructural details of m. leprae and host cells was aimed at by subjecting organisms and tissues, prior to immunolabelling, to differing fixation, embedding and ultramicrotomy techniques. the m. leprae-specificity of monoclonal antibodies (moabs) util ... | 1989 | 2503963 |
| identification of mycobacterial antigens for "elisa" serology in the diagnosis of leprosy and tuberculosis. | using an immunoblotting assay (imba), several immuno-crossreactive antigenic components (imcrac-myc) have been identified in the whole sonicates of m. bovis-bcg, and m. tuberculosis (mtb) and m. leprae (ml) whereby the sera of 100% lepromatous leprosy (l-lep) reacted to 29/33 kd doublet and that of 100% tuberculoid leprosy (t-lep) reacted to 64 kd bands. the antigens upon purification from mtb sonicates were used in a direct elisa to measure antibody isotypes in the sera from l-lep, t-lep, healt ... | 1989 | 2503964 |
| demonstration of pgl i antigens in skin biopsies in indeterminate leprosy patients: comparison with serological anti pgl i levels. | the survey of histological findings in leprosy patients from 1985 to march 1988 has been carried out at the pasteur institute in noumea. histologically, according to ridley jopling criteria, 82 patients were classified, 14 as t.t., 12 as b.t., 2 as b.b., 7 as b.l., 4 as l.l.s., 24 as l.l.p. and 19 as indeterminate leprosy. histological examination of tissues sections, using a monoclonal anti-pgl i antibody showed pgl i antigen in histiocytic cells of the infiltrate and more rarely in langerhans ... | 1989 | 2503967 |
| plg i antigen and antibody detection in the control of leprosy in french polynesia. | 1989 | 2503968 | |
| the use of pgl-tb 1 from m. tuberculosis in the serological diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: a preliminary report. | 1989 | 2503971 | |
| t lymphocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, schwann cells and mycobacterium leprae. | 1989 | 2503973 | |
| immunotherapy of treated bl/ll cases with bcg: histopathological, immunohistological and bacteriological assessments. | the persistence of dead as well as viable bacteria is an important therapeutic problem in multibacillary leprosy. in highly bacillated patients, viable bacteria are detectable in 10-15% of cases after 2 years of treatment and none of these cases became smear negative by 2 years of recommended multidrug therapy (mtd). immunotherapy trials using bcg (0.1 mg) by intradermal route have been undertaken in cases who had mdt for 2 years and who had viable bacilli by atp photometry and/or fda-eb stainin ... | 1989 | 2503975 |
| follow up of t cells subsets and anti-trisaccharide igm antibody levels of leprosy patients during daily multidrug therapy. | t cell subset distribution and anti-m. leprae specific antibody levels were followed in leprosy patients during polychemotherapy (or multidrug therapy, mdt). before treatment, the t cell subset counts showed that the multibacillary patients (28) have a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in the cd3+, cd4+ t percentages and cd4+/cd8+ ratio as compared to the healthy controls (96). the paucibacillary patients (30) had no significant t cell disturbances. an elisa test has been developed using t ... | 1989 | 2503979 |
| limiting dilution of murine t cell response to mycobacterial antigens. | 1989 | 2503983 | |
| studies on energy synthesis in m. leprae. | atp measurements have been earlier used to study the effect of various nutrients on the growth and multiplication of m. leprae. in a preliminary study, we had observed that glycerol and asparagine stimulated the atp synthesis by m. leprae but this was marginal and not sustained. we have extended the study to investigate the role of various environmental factors which could affect this atp synthesis. it has been observed that atp synthesis was better and sustained for a longer period i.e. upto 2 ... | 1989 | 2504000 |
| pyrimidine biosynthesis in mycobacterium leprae and other intracellular mycobacteria. | all the enzymes which could be detected in mycobacteria that are unique to the de novo pathway of pyrimidine biosynthesis were shown (in cell extracts) in m. leprae. activity of the first enzyme in the pathway, aspartate transcarbamylase was shown in m. microti and m. avium grown in vivo and in liquid dubos medium. this suggested that the very low activity of pyrimidine biosynthesis de novo in intact m. microti and m. avium grown in vivo, and the failure to detect any activity in m. leprae, is a ... | 1989 | 2504001 |
| effect of lyophilization on viability of mycobacterium leprae multiplied in nude mouse. | in an effort to preserve mycobacterium leprae in vitro, the effect of freezing and drying, i.e., lyophilization, on viability of m. leprae was studied. the viability of the bacilli was quantitatively measured with foot-pad inoculation method using nude mouse. the results obtained demonstrate that the viability of m. leprae was reduced approximately 10(-2) to 10(-3) from that of the starting material, during the process of lyophilization; no viable bacilli were detected in the lyophilized sample ... | 1989 | 2504002 |
| what are difficult-to-grow mycobacteria? | 1989 | 2504004 | |
| comparative studies of antigenic glycolipids of mycobacteria related to the leprosy bacillus. | the leprosy bacillus, mycobacterium leprae, is a member of a small group of mycobacteria comprising the species mycobacterium bovis, mycobacterium marinum, mycobacterium kansasii, mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium ulcerans and related taxa. this relationship is based on the similarity of the characteristic lipid types in the cell envelope. mycobacterium leprae produces a phenolic glycolipid antigen which is species specific. this communication reports a comparison of the specificity of t ... | 1989 | 2504005 |
| detection of mycobacteria in infected tissue. | 1989 | 2504007 | |
| biosynthesis of phenolic glycolipids in m. microti. | mycobacterium microti readily incorporates radioactive propionate into phenolic glycolipids and phthiocerol dimycocerosates. this process is inhibited by 2- and 3-fluoropropionic acids at concentrations which do not affect overall growth. incorporation is also inhibited by n-(phosphonomethyl) glycine, an inhibitor of the synthesis of aromatic units, but only at high concentrations which also inhibit bacterial growth. | 1989 | 2504010 |
| evaluation of a phenolglycolipid antigen (pgl-tb 1) from m. tuberculosis in the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis: comparison with ppd antigen. | sera from 38 tuberculous patients and 62 healthy controls (31 ppd skin test positive and 31 negative) were assayed, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), to test the activity of igg and igm antibodies against purified protein derivative (ppd) antigen and a phenolglycolipid antigen (plg-tb 1) isolated and purified from mycobacterium tuberculosis strain canetti. using ppd antigen, the sensitivity and specificity were respectively, 50 and 93.5% for igg and 71.1 and 59.7% for igm antibody ac ... | 1989 | 2504014 |
| serological specificity of mycobacterium tuberculosis glycolipids. | six glycolipid fractions can be extracted from lipid crude extracts of canetti type strains of m. tuberculosis. among these fractions are two phenolglycolipids. the major component is a triglycosyl phenolphthiocerol dimycocerosate (pgl-tb 1) and the second is a monoglycosyl diacyl phenolphthiocerol identical to mycoside b of m. bovis. similar glycolipid compounds can also be found in wild strains of m. tuberculosis recently isolated from tuberculous patients. one of these compounds has been iden ... | 1989 | 2504016 |
| testicular dysfunction in leprosy: relationships of fsh, lh and testosterone to disease classification, activity and duration. | luteinizing hormone (lh), follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) and testosterone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay (ria) in leprosy patients and analysed for effect of disease classification, disease activity and duration of disease. lh and fsh levels were found to be significantly elevated in lepromatous patients compared to borderline-lepromatous, midborderline and borderline-tuberculoid patients. a positive correlation was seen between lh and fsh and a negative correlation was seen betw ... | 1989 | 2505006 |
| synthesis of galactofuranose disaccharides of biological significance. | methyl beta-d-galactofuranoside was readily obtained by tin(iv) chloride-catalyzed glycosylation of penta-o-benzoyl-alpha,beta-d-galactofuranose, followed by debenzoylation with sodium methoxide. glycosylation of 1 with 2,3,5-tri-o-benzoyl-d-galactono-1,4-lactone or with the 6-o-trityl-lactone derivative 5 gave the benzoylated beta-d-galactofuranosyl-(1----6)-d-galactono-1,4-lactone 6 in excellent yield. the structure of disaccharide 6 was confirmed by borohydride reduction to the glycosyl-aldit ... | 1989 | 2507141 |
| human phagocyte oxidative burst activation by bcg, m. leprae, and atypical mycobacteria: defective activation by m. leprae is not reversed by interferon gamma. | the activation of the phagocyte oxidative respiratory burst by various mycobacteria was evaluated in an in vitro assay, by measuring the chemiluminescence, associated to the release of oxidizing species, generated by normal human whole blood phagocytes. all mycobacterium species, except mycobacterium leprae, induced a significant chemiluminescence response. the strongest stimulus was provided by bcg, followed by m. triviale, m. chelonei, and m. fortuitum. m. kansasii, m. intracellulare, and m. l ... | 1989 | 2509079 |
| hla-linked immune suppression in humans. | there is no doubt that hla-dr molecules are acting as the products of hla-linked immune response genes (ir-genes), because (i) hla-dr molecules are the restriction elements in the interaction between cd4+ helper t cells and antigen-presenting cells (apc) to respond to many antigens such as streptococcal cell wall antigen (scw) (nishimura & sasazuki, 1983; sone et al., 1985; hizayama et al., 1986), schistosomal antigen (sj) (hirayama et al., 1987), mycobacterium leprae antigen (ml) (kikuchi et al ... | 1989 | 2509334 |
| effect of multiple interferon gamma injections on the disposal of mycobacterium leprae. | the effect of multiple intradermal injections (four to six) of 10 micrograms of interferon gamma on the number of mycobacterium leprae in the skin of patients with polar lepromatous leprosy and borderline lepromatous leprosy was evaluated. to achieve a maximum zone of induration and cell emigration a preparatory dose of the lymphokine was required. a second group of three injections, given 3-4 days after the initial series, resulted in lesser degrees of induration and was more in keeping with a ... | 1989 | 2510159 |
| gerhard hansen: hunter of the leprosy bacillus. | 1989 | 2512310 | |
| in spectacular retreat. | 1989 | 2514844 | |
| antigenicity and specificity of selected glycolipid fractions from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | antigenicity of mycobacterium tuberculosis glycolipids polyphthienoyl trehalose (pptr), phenolic glycolipid (pgl-tb1), tetraacyl trehalose-2'-sulphate (sl-i) and diacyl trehalose-2'-sulphate (sl-iv) was examined in rabbits. pptr did not induce production of igg antibodies in rabbits, while pgl-tb1, sl-i and sl-iv glycolipids were efficient in this respect. immune sera raised in rabbits immunoreacted exclusively with the corresponding antigens, which indicated that they were remarkably specific. ... | 1989 | 2516354 |
| an ordinary mortal's guide to the molecular biology of mycobacteria. | 1989 | 2516750 | |
| new strategies for leprosy and tuberculosis and for development of bacillus calmette-guérin into a multivaccine vehicle. | 1989 | 2516995 | |
| immunology of leprosy: cellular anergy to mycobacterium leprae. | 1989 | 2518718 | |
| [macrophage activation and mycobacterium leprae: effect of interferon gamma on the production of oxygen free radicals by phagocytic cells]. | activation of the respiratory metabolic channel (f.o.r.), responsible in part for the bactericidal effect, was measured in vitro by a chemoluminescence test on circulating phagocytes. all mycobacteria tested, except for mycobacterium leprae, induced a significant response. its effect on lepromatous leprosy pathology is a subject for discussion. | 1989 | 2518818 |
| reduced suppressor cell response to mycobacterium leprae in lepromatous leprosy. | we have previously shown that concanavalin a (cona) induction of suppressor cell activity is impaired in patients with lepromatous leprosy (ll). in this study, we demonstrated that the proportion of cells bearing the leu8 antigen (associated with suppressor-inducer cells) is low in ll patients and tends to normalize during the erythema nodosum leprosum (enl) episode. antigen-induced suppressor cell function was evaluated by a two-stage assay. in the first stage, peripheral blood mononuclear cell ... | 1989 | 2521841 |
| the generation of antigen-specific, major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes of the cd4+ phenotype. enhancement by the cutaneous administration of interleukin 2. | we have examined an in vitro system in which pbmc from purified protein derivative (ppd)-sensitized patients generate ctl after in vitro activation with antigen. these cells selectively destroy mycobacterial antigen ppd-pulsed monocyte targets. these ctl are of the cd4+ phenotype and exhibit mhc class ii restriction. after exposure to antigen these cells require 5-7 d for maximal development, whereas, a separate antigen-independent population is generated within 3-4 d. cd8+ cells are poorly, if ... | 1989 | 2522499 |
| effect of suppressor cells on antibody producing cells in mice infected with mycobacterium leprae. | swiss albino mice were transfused with suppressor cells obtained after in vivo stimulation of mice with con a (ns group). some of the animals were infected with mycobacterium leprae (nsi-group). half of these animals were treated with dapsone (nsit group). adequate normal (nc) and infected (ni) controls were included. a plaque assay was carried out at different time periods to elucidate the effect of suppressor cells on antibody producing cells. no significant difference was seen in the number o ... | 1989 | 2522974 |
| t-helper cell subpopulations and the immune spectrum of leprosy. | 1989 | 2525166 | |
| high level expression of genes cloned in phage lambda gt11. | plasmid cloning vectors have been constructed which allow genes originally cloned in lambda gt11 to be expressed at a high level in escherichia coli. they are based on the pembl and puc vectors, with the genes transcribed from the lac promoter. the ecori site in the vector has been altered to be in the same reading frame as the site used for cloning in lambda gt11. cloned proteins are expressed fused to a 2-kda leader sequence containing a run of six aparagine residues which considerably improve ... | 1989 | 2527780 |
| [studies on the serological activity of nd-o-bsa and its application in serodiagnosis of leprosy]. | in this article, optimum conditions of nd-o-bsa-elisa were determined and comparisons made of the serologic activity of 3 different types of antigens (wml, pgi, nd-o-bsa) in leprosy (151) and tuberculosis (20) patients and normal controls (42). the results indicated that: 1) optimum conditions for nd-o-bsa-elisa were nd-o-bsa and opd concentration of 0.1 and 400 micrograms/ml respectively with hrp-igm and test sera dilutions of 1:1000 and 1:200; and 2) serological activity showed highly signific ... | 1989 | 2529991 |
| [detection of specific circulating immune complexes in leprosy patients by mouse monoclonal antibody against phenolic glycolipid-i]. | in this article, we first report the development of a new test for detecting specific circulating immune complexes (scic) in the sera of leprosy patients: this test was named monoclonal antibody specific binding assay (mcab/sba). we screened for scic (pgli-igg, pgli-igm) in 200 serum batches from 140 leprosy patients, 20 tuberculosis patients and 40 normal controls, and compared the mcab/sba with pgl1/elisa. the results indicated that: 1) mcab/sba was highly sensitive (90%) and specific (95%). i ... | 1989 | 2532976 |
| [multiplication of mycobacterium leprae in nude mice]. | this article reported the multiplication of mycobacterium leprae in immune-deficient animals-nude mice (nih/nu/nu). mycobacterium leprae taken from multibacillary leprosy patient were inoculated with 1.0 x 10(4)/foot pad into right hind foot pad(fp) of nude mice and cfw mice. the results of bacterial enumeration showed that acid-fast bacillus (afb) in the nude mice continuously multiplied. at 21 months after inoculation, the numbers of afb increased by over 108,000-folds and reached greater than ... | 1989 | 2534616 |
| [study on rapid serodiagnosis for leprosy]. | in this article, we have developed two latex agglutination reaction tests (lar) with pgl-1 and nd-o-bsa as antigens in 80 cases of leprosy patients (ll = 20, bl = 20, bt = 20, tt = 20), 20 cases of tuberculosis and 25 cases of normal control. these two latex agglutination tests were compared with relevant elisas (nd-o-bsa- and pgl-1-elisa), and analysed by chi-square (chi 2) test. the results indicated that the sensitivity and specificity of the two lars (pgl-1- and nd-o-bsa-lar) are similar to ... | 1989 | 2534621 |
| [immunosuppression in leprosy]. | many authors tried to show that in lepromatous leprosy (ll), suppressor mechanisms are involved in the immune response. we have previously shown that non-specific suppression (con a induced) was impaired in ll patients and tends to normalize during the erythema nodosum leprosum episode (enl). in this system we have shown that cd8+ cells (leu 2a+) can interfere with the generation of con a-induced suppression. we also observed that a high percentage of ll patients had an increased spontaneous sup ... | 1989 | 2535042 |
| on the mechanism of human t cell suppression. | previous evidence from several laboratories suggests that cd8+ t suppressor cells may be important regulatory elements governing specific unresponsiveness of lepromatous lepromatous leprosy patients to m.leprae. to analyse the mechanism of suppression, cd8+ ts clones were established from lesions and peripheral blood of lepromatous patients and tested for ability to suppress antigen-responsive cd4+. th clones or pbl. suppression required induction by specific m.leprae antigen, but was effected i ... | 1989 | 2535060 |
| suppression of monocyte oxidative response by phenolic glycolipid i of mycobacterium leprae. | mycobacterium leprae synthesizes a unique phenolic glycolipid (pgl-i) in abundant quantities. we studied the effect of pgl-i on the generation of superoxide anion (o2-) by stimulated human monocytes. peripheral blood monocytes pretreated with pgl-i released less o2- when stimulated with m. leprae than did control monocytes. monocytes pretreated with dimycocerosyl phthiocerol, mycoside a of mycobacterium kansasii, or mycoside b of mycobacterium microti, on the other hand, released o2- in quantiti ... | 1989 | 2537362 |
| microbial glycolipids: possible virulence factors that scavenge oxygen radicals. | two important pathogens of developing countries, mycobacterium leprae, the etiologic agent of leprosy, and leishmania donovani, the protozoal parasite that causes kalaazar, persist in the human host primarily in mononuclear phagocytes. the mechanisms by which they survive in these otherwise highly cytocidal cells are presently unknown. since the best understood cytocidal mechanism of these cells is the oxygen-dependent system that provides lethal oxidants including the superoxide anion (o2-), hy ... | 1989 | 2538841 |
| mycobacteria and the new quinolones. | 1989 | 2540705 | |
| nerve damage in leprosy. | 1989 | 2545801 | |
| interactions between simian immunodeficiency virus and mycobacterium leprae in experimentally inoculated rhesus monkeys. | thirty-four rhesus monkeys were inoculated with mycobacterium leprae inoculum isolated from sooty mangabey monkeys with leprosy. later it was learned that one of the m. leprae-donor mangabeys was asymptomatically infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). thus, five of the rhesus monkey were coinoculated with m. leprae and siv. three of the five became siv-positive and developed signs of leprosy and an aids-like illness. two animals remained healthy. the coinoculated leprosy-positive rhe ... | 1989 | 2547881 |
| direct evidence for the oxidation of palmitic acid by host-grown mycobacterium leprae. | oxidation of palmitic acid by whole-cell suspensions of mycobacterium leprae free from host tissues was investigated using manometric techniques. after a lag period of about 6-8 h, m. leprae suspensions catalysed an active oxidation of palmitic acid, and the oxidative process (oxygen uptake) was quite sensitive to rotenone, atabrine, amytal, antimycin a and cyanide. the spectrophotometric observations indicated that the m. leprae cytochrome system, under anaerobic conditions, was reduced in the ... | 1989 | 2552549 |
| generation and characterization of a human monoclonal antibody against phenolic glycolipid-i of m. leprae. | the development of an epstein-barr virus transformed human b-cell line secreting a monoclonal antibody (moab), kr2/b5 is described. kr2/b5 is an igm type of antibody and is highly specific for phenolic glycolipid-i (pgl-i) a component unique to m. leprae. the moab appears to be directed against the terminal sugar residue of the immunodominant trisaccharide component of pgl-i. | 1989 | 2559933 |
| genetic relationships among mycobacterium leprae, mycobacterium tuberculosis, and candidate leprosy vaccine strains determined by dna hybridization: identification of an m. leprae-specific repetitive sequence. | comparative dna hybridization studies of genomic dna indicated that, while different isolates of armadillo-derived mycobacterium leprae have a high degree of homology, binding of m. leprae genomic dna to dna of other species of mycobacteria or to corynebacteria was low, establishing that m. leprae is only remotely genetically related to any of the species examined. several candidate leprosy vaccine mycobacterial strains were similarly found to have little genetic similarity to m. leprae. in cont ... | 1989 | 2565292 |
| alteration of t cell subset pattern among in vitro m. leprae-stimulated blood lymphocytes of leprosy patients. | 1989 | 2569800 | |
| a study of the relatedness of mycobacterium leprae isolates using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | the inability to cultivate mycobacterium leprae in vitro has severely hampered comprehensive phenotypic analysis of individual isolates, leaving unanswered the question of the relatedness of these isolates. since the nucleotide sequence of a bacterial chromosome is its "genetic fingerprint", we have employed the use of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of chromosomal dna of m. leprae isolates to assess the relatedness among these isolates. dna of m. leprae was harvested fr ... | 1989 | 2569801 |
| conservation of genomic sequences among isolates of mycobacterium leprae. | restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis has been used to assess relatedness among the genomes of four isolates of mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy. the m. leprae isolates were from human patients from india, a mangabey monkey from west africa, and an armadillo from louisiana. a total of 16 probes were used; these were insert fragments of m. leprae dna from plasmid recombinant libraries, 5 of which had genes with identifiable functions and 11 of which were randomly c ... | 1989 | 2570057 |
| inhibition of human lymphoproliferative responses by mycobacterial phenolic glycolipids. | the effect of mycobacterial phenolic glycolipids from mycobacterium leprae, m. bovis bcg, and m. kansasii on in vitro proliferative responses by human blood mononuclear cells from healthy bcg vaccinees was investigated. all three phenolic glycolipids inhibited proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. inhibition was independent of the stimulus used and involved neither antigen-presenting cells nor antigen-specific cd8+ suppressor t cells. it was concluded that the phenomenon may be a ge ... | 1989 | 2572559 |
| results of a world health organization-sponsored workshop on monoclonal antibodies to mycobacterium leprae. | 1985 | 2580798 | |
| the epidemiology of leprosy in a high prevalence village in papua new guinea. | in a village of about 1000 people in papua new guinea the prevalence of clinical leprosy was 8.6% compared to about 3% in surrounding villages. this exceptionally high prevalence could not be explained by recent introduction of the disease or by social factors. dapsone-resistant disease and faulty compliance with treatment are considered to be contributory to persistent infectivity of old cases which, together with the presence of 20 previously undiagnosed cases, comprised a large infective sour ... | 1989 | 2603189 |
| determination and evolutionary significance of nucleotide sequences near to the 3'-end of 16s ribosomal rna of mycobacteria. | the nucleotide sequence at the 3'-end of 16sr-rna (nucleotides 1305-1508) was determined, by the primer extension method, for mycobacterium smegmatis, mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium vaccae, in addition to mycobacterium leprae. no differences in nucleotide sequence were detected, indicating that this region of 16srrna is highly conserved among mycobacteria. the nucleotide sequence common to the four above-mentioned mycobacteria differs from that reported for species of other genera. ... | 1989 | 2612878 |
| a species-specific repetitive sequence in mycobacterium leprae dna. | a 2.2-kilobase mycobacterium leprae dna insert fragment from a recombinant genomic library (pya1065) was found to hybridize to at least 19 fragments of chromosomal m. leprae dna by southern hybridizations. the probe hybridized to identical fragments of chromosomal dna from four m. leprae isolates (two from patients with leprosy, one from a naturally infected armadillo, and one from a naturally infected mangabey monkey) whether the chromosomal dna was digested with bamhi, bsteii, psti, or saci. t ... | 1989 | 2642523 |
| vaccination of mice against mycobacterium leprae infection. | intradermal immunization with killed mycobacterium leprae renders mice immune to infection with viable m. leprae. this protection is long lasting and systemic in that immunization in the left flank results in protection in both the left and right footpads. immunization with mycobacterium vaccae was ineffective in protecting mice against m. leprae infection, while mycobacterium bovis bcg provided partial protection. mycobacterium habana tmc 5135 (now known as mycobacterium simiae) was found to be ... | 1989 | 2643581 |
| characterization and taxonomic implications of the rrna genes of mycobacterium leprae. | the number of rrna genes of mycobacterium leprae was determined by restriction analysis of m. leprae total chromosomal dna. a single set of rrna genes was found. this set was subcloned from a cosmid library of m. leprae dna into puc13 and was characterized by restriction analysis and hybridization with escherichia coli rrna genes. the 16s, 23s, and 5s genes of m. leprae were clustered on a 5.3-kilobase dna fragment. on one hand, restriction analysis of the set of rrna genes showed the uniqueness ... | 1989 | 2644213 |
| evidence for phagosome-lysosome fusion in mycobacterium leprae-infected murine schwann cells. | murine schwann cells were infected with viable armadillo-derived mycobacterium leprae in vitro, and the lysosomal marker enzyme, acid phosphatase, was stained by the gomori reaction. electron microscopic analysis revealed that schwann cells infected with m. leprae possess acid phosphatase and that lysosomes fuse with infected phagosomes. | 1989 | 2645208 |
| isolation and characterization of the highly immunogenic cell wall-associated protein of mycobacterium leprae. | in a recent study, we demonstrated that certain reactivities crucial to the immune response in leprosy are due to protein associated with the cell wall peptidoglycan "core" of mycobacterium leprae. we now describe a primary method for the isolation of a highly immunogenic, large molecular-size, cell wall protein (cw-p) complex from m. leprae, freed of soluble proteins, bound mycolates, arabinogalactan, and much of the peptidoglycan. the complex is of apparent relative molecular size 2 x 10(6) to ... | 1989 | 2649561 |
| characterization of mycobacterium leprae cell wall-associated proteins with the use of t lymphocyte clones. | development of a vaccine against leprosy depends on the identification of ag that stimulate cell-mediated immune responses. we have previously demonstrated that cell wall proteins of mycobacterium leprae are highly immunogenic. by using human cell wall-specific t cell clones we have begun to characterize soluble proteins that integrate into the cell wall skeleton. t cells from leprosy lesions were expanded with il-2 in vitro yet retained specificity to ag of the insoluble cell wall core (cwc) in ... | 1989 | 2649562 |
| biochemistry of mycobacterium leprae: its implications in culture of the bacillus and chemotherapy of leprosy. | 1989 | 2649620 | |
| some observations on non acid fast bacilli grown from lepromatous tissues. | 1989 | 2649621 | |
| pharmacochemical aspects of leprosy. recent developments and prospects for new drugs. | from a pharmacochemical point of view the existing anti-leprotics as well as possible innovations in the chemotherapy of leprosy are discussed. of the main anti-leprotics, which are used nowadays--dapsone, rifampicin, clofazimine, isoniazide, ethionamide and prothionamide--the mechanism of action, the main problems in their application and possibilities to develop improved variants are reviewed. based on the chemistry of mycobacterium leprae, the target systems for new anti-leprotics are identif ... | 1989 | 2652092 |
| diglycosyl phenol phthiocerol diester of mycobacterium leprae. | a diglycosyl phenol phthiocerol diester that had not been previously detected was isolated from m. leprae-infected armadillo tissues. spectroscopy methods allowed the elucidation of its structure. the diglycoside was a 2,3-di-o-methylrhamnopyranosyl (alpha 1----2)3-o-methylrhamnopyranosyl (alpha 1-linked to the phenolic hydroxyl of phthiocerol dimycocerosates). it differs from the major phenolic glycolipid (pgl i) only by the absence of the terminal 3,6-di-o-methylglucopyranosyl unit. the diglyc ... | 1989 | 2653442 |
| late onset of a reversal reaction in borderline leprosy. | 1989 | 2654221 | |
| pyrimidine scavenging by mycobacterium leprae. | mycobacterium leprae incorporated exogenously supplied pyrimidines as bases or nucleosides, but not as a nucleotide, into its nucleic acids. notably, thymine was incorporated approximately 5 times more rapidly than thymidine by both suspensions of, or intracellular m. leprae. thymine incorporation was significantly inhibited by clofazamine and dapsone at near-pharmacological levels. therefore, incorporation of thymine is preferable as an activity for assessing viability of m. leprae. nucleosides ... | 1989 | 2656380 |
| pyrimidine biosynthesis de novo in m. leprae. | mycobacterium leprae can synthesise pyrimidines de novo. although pyrimidine synthesis could not be detected in intact bacteria, extracts contained all four enzymes unique to the de novo pathway which are detectable in mycobacteria by the methods used. inhibition of aspartate transcarbamylase by utp and atp suggested that lack of pyrimidine synthetic activity in whole m. leprae could be a result of strong feedback inhibition. | 1989 | 2656381 |
| leprosy. | 1989 | 2656555 | |
| evaluation of mycobacterium leprae antigens in the serological monitoring of a clofazimine-based chemotherapeutic study of dapsone resistant lepromatous leprosy patients in cebu, philippines. | thirty-one dapsone resistant lepromatous leprosy patients receiving clofazimine based therapy were serologically monitored throughout their 5-year period of treatment. sequentially collected sera were used to examine 4 mycobacterium leprae antigens to evaluate their usefulness in elisa's for monitoring the progress of their therapy. the elisa results were compared with decline in bacterial load over the treatment period and with duration of treatment. in addition the elisa's were compared with e ... | 1989 | 2657302 |
| t cell responses to fractionated mycobacterium leprae antigens in leprosy. the lepromatous nonresponder defect can be overcome in vitro by stimulation with fractionated m. leprae components. | protective immunity against mycobacterium leprae is dependent on m. leprae-reactive t lymphocytes. m. lepare-directed t cell reactivity is high in the localized tuberculoid form of leprosy but specifically absent in the disseminated lepromatous type of the disease. two important questions that are relevant for the understanding of the immune response in leprosy as well as for the design of rational immunoprophylaxis and -therapy strategies are: (a) what are the antigens that trigger t cell respo ... | 1989 | 2659369 |
| t-cell recognition of the 18-kilodalton antigen of mycobacterium leprae. | the 18-kilodalton (kda) antigen of mycobacterium leprae was expressed as a fusion protein with a 2-kda leader peptide and used in proliferation assays with peripheral blood cells. fifty percent of untreated tuberculoid leprosy patients and 93% of long-term leprosy contacts responded to the recombinant protein in lymphocyte transformation tests. comparison of the stimulation indices in the two groups showed that the contacts responded more strongly than the tuberculoid leprosy patients. seventy p ... | 1989 | 2659530 |
| hla-dr-restricted antigen-induced proliferation and cytotoxicity mediated by cd4+ t-cell clones from subjects vaccinated with killed m. leprae. | thirteen cd4+ t-cell clones raised against mycobacterium leprae from three m. leprae-vaccinated subjects were studied for major histocompatibility complex (mhc) restriction in proliferative and cytotoxicity assays. these t-cell clones recognized at least nine different epitopes, ranging from m. leprae-specific to broadly crossreactive. restriction studies with a panel of antigen-presenting cells (apcs) suggest that all of the t-cell clones recognized antigens in the context of the dr locus. thre ... | 1989 | 2659694 |
| a critique on the interpretation of the lepromin reaction using heat-killed m. leprae vaccine. | 1989 | 2659695 | |
| investigations into cultivation of m. leprae under low oxygen tension. | 1989 | 2659696 | |
| single lesion subpolar lepromatous leprosy and its possible mode of origin. | three case reports of patients with a single, nodular, subpolar lepromatous skin lesion, one on the left elbow, another on the posterior aspect of the left leg, and the third on the extensor ulnar aspect of the right forearm, are presented. the lesions, clinically and histopathologically, resemble lepromas which develop at the site of experimental inoculation of mycobacterium leprae in armadillos. these are sites on the body which are likely to be traumatized. with the distinct possibility of th ... | 1989 | 2659697 |
| appraisal of two mycobacterium leprae-specific serological assays for monitoring chemotherapy in lepromatous (ll/bl) leprosy patients. | two of the mycobacterium leprae-specific assays--a serum antibody competition (for an epitope on 35-kda protein) test (sact) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the disaccharide epitope of phenolic glycolipid-i (pgds)--were comparatively evaluated as tools for monitoring chemotherapy in 125 lepromatous leprosy (ll/bl) patients. an adaptation of the sact from a radioimmunoassay (ria) to an elisa procedure is also described. a moderate but statistically significant correlation was ... | 1989 | 2659698 |