Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| potassium ion transport atpase in insect epithelia. | k+ transport by the epithelia of midgut, salivary glands, malpighian tubules, sensory sensilla, possibly rectum, and other organs of certain insects appears to use a unique k+ atpase. ouabain inhibition of transport-related events has not been demonstrated in these epithelia. the k+ pump is unlike the na-k;ump but resembles the h;ump of phosphorylating membranes in its transport orientation, efficient thermodynamics, speculated two k+ per one mgatp2- stoichiometry, electrogenicity, and structure ... | 1983 | 6317792 |
| specificity of cultured insect tissue cells for bioassay of entomocidal protein from bacillus thuringiensis. | cultured tissue cells from lepidopteran and dipteran sources displayed an order-specific response to entomocidal protein from crystals of bacillus thuringiensis. protein isolated from crystals of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was effective against cells of the spruce budworm (choristoneura fumiferana) and the tobacco hornworm (manduca sexta), but was inactive against both mosquito cell lines tested (aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae). conversely, protein from inclusion bodies of b. thuringi ... | 1984 | 6321329 |
| [site-specific restriction endonuclease from a strain of bacillus thuringiensis]. | 1984 | 6323119 | |
| cloning and expression of the crystal protein genes from bacillus thuringiensis strain berliner 1715. | from a clone bank of the entire genome of bacillus thuringiensis, one clone that contains a plasmid ( pbt 15-88) harboring a sporulation gene was identified by molecular hybridization. this gene, identified as the crystal protein gene, occurs both on a large host plasmid dna and in the chromosomal dna in b. thuringiensis strain berliner 1715. the inserted sequence of pbt 15-88, which corresponds to the chromosomal sequence, was not expressed in escherichia coli. in b. thuringiensis (kurstaki), t ... | 1982 | 6329704 |
| [activity of intracellular enzymes in bacillus thuringiensis prospores and sporangia]. | the activity of endocellular enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, protease, glucose dehydrogenase, aldolase, malate dehydrogenase, nadh dehydrogenase, nadh oxidase) was studied in isolated prospores and sporangia as well as in vegetative cells of bacillus thuringiensis strains, one of which produced crystals and one did not. the activity of malate dehydrogenase and nadh dehydrogenase was high in prospores of the both strains at the fifth and sixth stages of spore formation. the strain which did not pr ... | 1983 | 6341786 |
| two types of entomocidal toxins in the parasporal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki. | two types of entomocidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki were isolated from the parasporal bodies (crystals), and their structures were compared with each other in relation to the toxic activity. when the crystals were dissociated in 2% 2-mercaptoethanol at ph 10, a protein of mr = 135,000, called delta-endotoxin, was liberated. the crystals of a strain of b. thuringiensis kurstaki, the hd-1 strain, also released another protein in small quantities. this minor component of hd-1, whic ... | 1983 | 6357098 |
| [effect of proteins on exoprotease synthesis by bacillus thuringiensis]. | bacillus thuringiensis was shown to grow better in media with albumin, gelatin and casein than in a chemically defined medium; proteins did not induce the synthesis of exoprotease. two maxima were found in the enzyme synthesis: the first one at the exponential phase of the cultural growth, and the second one during spore formation by the culture. the synthesis at the exponential growth phase was susceptible to nitrogen metabolite repression while the synthesis of exoprotease at the stationary ph ... | 1983 | 6358805 |
| [analysis of the changes in the electrophysical and morphometric parameters in the growth and sporulation periods of bacillus thuringiensis]. | changes in the electrophysical and morphometrical parameters of bacillus thuringiensis cells were studied during their growth and differentiation using the electrophysical procedure with the frequency of an alternating electric field varying within a wide range. the appearing variations were interpreted on the basis of the data about changes in the concentration of vegetative cells and spores, the optical density and ph of the cultural broth, and the assimilation of glucose by the culture. the c ... | 1984 | 6379383 |
| [insecticidal endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis--recent progress in the molecular biology and the future development]. | 1984 | 6385143 | |
| [molecular genetic studies of the dna promotor regions in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae 69-6. i. structural and functional analysis]. | three recombinant plasmids ppbt9, ppbt10 and ppbt74 carrying promoter-containing regions of dna of bacillus thuringiensis which are responsible for the expression of the promoterless tet gene, were studied. in the in vitro experiments, it had been shown that these promoter-active hindiii fragments of bacillar dna contained rna polymerase binding sites. the alui subfragments that specifically bind to escherichia coli rna polymerase promote the tet gene expression, similar to the whole hindiii fra ... | 1984 | 6389259 |
| bioinsecticides: i. bacillus thuringiensis. | 1984 | 6399844 | |
| alkaline extraction of toxin from spores of the mosquito pathogen, bacillus sphaericus strain 1593. | toxin was extracted from spores of the mosquito pathogen bacillus sphaericus strain 1593 using 0.05 m naoh. the molecular weight of this toxin was 35000-54000. toxic activity of this extract was resistant to a variety of enzymes including subtilisin, but was degraded by pronase. antiserum produced to 1593 spore toxin neutralized spore toxin and cytoplasmic toxin activity, but did not react with bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystal toxin, nor did var. israelensis toxin antiserum react ... | 1983 | 6406023 |
| [experiments with bacillus thuringiensis protoplasts. ii. study of the potential interspecies fusion of bacterial protoplasts: bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus megaterium]. | in the present study the possibility of obtaining interspecific bacterial hybrids by polyethylene glycol-assisted fusion of protoplasts from bacillus thuringiensis and bac. megaterium has been examined. electron microscopic and genetic data allow to confirm with great probability that cytological fusion takes place. however, genetic analysis revealed that neither of methods applied for protoplast fusion gave stable recombinants. apparently, it is due to the lack of recombination or the death of ... | 1983 | 6407894 |
| distribution of heterogeneous and homologous plasmids in bacillus spp. | a total of 75 strains (including 5 reference strains) of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, b. cereus, b. circulans, b. licheniformis, b. megaterium, b. pumilus, b. sphaericus, b. subtilis, and b. thuringiensis and 36 species-unidentified bacillus strains were surveyed for plasmids by cesium chloride-ethidium bromide equilibrium centrifugation of cell lysates in a study of antibiotic resistance in host cells. of the 111 strains, 13 (including 3 reference strains) were found to harbor plasmids, and 5 of ... | 1983 | 6410988 |
| isolation of a dna sequence related to several plasmids from bacillus thuringiensis after a mating involving the streptococcus faecalis plasmid pam beta 1. | the transmissible plasmid pam beta 1, which codes for resistance to erythromycin and lincomycin, was transferred from streptococcus faecalis to several strains of bacillus thuringiensis by a filter-mating process. introduction of pam beta 1 into the emr transconjugant strains of b. thuringiensis was confirmed by southern hybridisation using the 32p-labelled pam beta 1 as a probe. in the b. thuringiensis transconjugant strains, used as donors, the beta plasmid conserved its ability to be transfer ... | 1983 | 6413823 |
| [transformation of bacillus cereus protoplasts with the plasmid dna from bacillus thuringiensis transformants]. | 1983 | 6417981 | |
| [interspecific recombinants of bacillus thuringiensis x bacillus cereus]. | the possibility of interspecies recombination was shown by using protoplast fusion method. the bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae strain 48s thi nic gua rifr strr and 56r gua rifr, and also bac. cereus carrying the plasmid pbc16 responsible for resistance to tetracycline (150 mcg/ml) were used. recombinants were selected on the medium containing rifampicin and tetracycline. they were shown to combine the properties of both parents. the majority of recombinants were resistant to phages tg4 and ... | 1983 | 6418614 |
| characterization of inhibitor a, a protease from bacillus thuringiensis which degrades attacins and cecropins, two classes of antibacterial proteins in insects. | the insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis produces an exoprotease, inhibitor a, at the beginning of the stationary growth phase. in vitro, the enzyme selectively destroys cecropins and attacins, two antibacterial proteins found in immune hemolymph from hyalophora cecropia. the specificity of this enzyme was investigated using cecropin a(1-33) and hplc for separation and characterization of the fragments obtained. a maximum of 12 different peptides were produced and their positions in the known ... | 1984 | 6421577 |
| interspecies transduction of plasmids among bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, and b. thuringiensis. | bacteriophage cp-51, a generalized transducing phage for bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, and b. thuringiensis, mediates transduction of plasmid dna. b. cereus gp7 harbors the 2.8-megadalton multicopy tetracycline resistance plasmid, pbc16. b. thuringiensis 4d11a carries pc194, the 1.8-megadalton multicopy chloramphenicol resistance plasmid. when phage cp-51 was propagated on these strains, it transferred the plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistances to the nonvirulent weybridge (sterne) strain of b. ... | 1984 | 6421798 |
| [regulation of exoprotease synthesis in bacillus thuringiensis]. | 1984 | 6425380 | |
| entomopathogenic spore-formers from soil samples of mosquito habitats in northern nigeria. | spore-forming bacteria, isolated from bottom soil samples of periodical mosquito-breeding places in kaduna, n. nigeria, were tested for mosquito pathogenicity. culex pipiens autogenicus was used for this screening. five strains, all of the bacillus thuringiensis group, were active in 85 isolates from 32 samples. the isolates were from three different serotypes (h-14, h-5a5c, and h-8a8b). the activity, compared with the sip standard, was in the known limits of b. thuringiensis israelensis. | 1984 | 6426190 |
| the inactivation of glucosamine synthetase from bacteria by anticapsin, the c-terminal epoxyamino acid of the antibiotic tetaine. | incubation of anticapsin with the purified glucosamine synthetase (2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase, amino transferring, ec 5.3.1.19) from escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, arthrobacter aurescens and bacillus thuringiensis led to the formation of an inactive enzyme irreversibly modified. the inactivation reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. the rate of the inactivation reaction at various concentrations of anticapsin exhibited saturation kinetics, implying ... | 1984 | 6426523 |
| glycosidase activities of bacillus anthracis. | bacillus anthracis could be distinguished from the taxonomically related species b. cereus, b. mycoides, and b. thuringiensis by a comparison of glycosidase activities. all the bacilli tested possessed alpha-glucosidase activity, as evidenced by the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-alpha-d-glucoside. in b. anthracis, the glucosidase activity could be enhanced by the addition of agents which damage cellular surface structures. treatment of b. anthracis strains with toluene. triton x-100, or mutanolysi ... | 1984 | 6429187 |
| inhibition of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthetase from bacteria by anticapsin. | on the basis of kinetic studies on glucosamine-6-phosphate synthetase (ec 5.3.1.19) from six bacteria sources it has been shown that the epoxyamino acid anticapsin, a glutamine analog, is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme in regard to glutamine with km value of 10(-4) m and ki varying from 10(-7) to 10(-6) m. unlike other glutamine analogs like 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine, chloropentanoic acid, l-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid or albizziin, anticapsin is not generall ... | 1984 | 6430854 |
| [antibacterial and genotoxic properties of 33 mycotoxins]. | most of the 33 fungal metabolites tested provoke: bacterial growth inhibition of bacillus thuringiensis similar to lethal effect of antibiotics. positive response in the 'rec' assay using strains of bacillus subtilis; this fact shows that these toxins are dna modifying agents. enlargement of cell volume in the first bacteria species; this cell-abnormality induction resembles those obtained with mitomycin c. correlation between elongation of cells (filamentation) and in vivo carcinogenicity of my ... | 1984 | 6436709 |
| an improved enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection and quantification of the entomocidal parasporal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and israelensis. | an improved and simplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the detection and quantification of parasporal crystalline toxins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. the improved procedure involved pretreatment of the polystyrene cuvettes with glutaraldehyde before antibody coating. a direct comparison of treated and untreated cuvettes is provided. elisas were then used for the analysis of the entomocidal crystalline proteins in commercial and experimental formula ... | 1984 | 6442289 |
| biochemical genetics of the bacterial insect-control agent bacillus thuringiensis: basic principles and prospects for genetic engineering. | 1984 | 6443645 | |
| [cytologic alterations induced in bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) by zearalenone]. | zearalenone (f-2 toxin) an estrogenic mycotoxin secreted by some species of fusarium exhibits an antibacterial activity which can be easily demonstrated in gram-positive spore forming bacteria, especially in bacillus sp. morphologically abnormal cells were produced by bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) in response to zearalenone. the most significant ultrastructural alterations obtained with the mycotoxin at 2.5 or 5.0 micrograms/ml, are: increase of number of mesosomes which are hypertrophied, d ... | 1981 | 6454078 |
| [biological insecticides: new weapons against the transmission of disease by vectors]. | 1981 | 6458310 | |
| [comparative action of solubilized crystals of h-14 and h-1 serotypes of bacillus thuringiensis on cultures of aedes aegypti cells]. | crystals isolated from bacillus thuringiensis serovar thuringiensis (h-1) and from serovar israelensis (h-14) were dissolved in sodium hydroxide, then tested in vitro on aedes aegypti cell cultures. toxic action was followed after morphological and metabolic alterations of the treated cells. only the israelensis sodium extract was toxic and gave cellular swelling, inhibition of cell growth and inhibition of labelled precursor incorporation, i. e. of 3h-thymidine, 3h-uridine and 3h-leucine. | 1984 | 6465742 |
| laboratory and field trials with two bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis products for simulium(diptera: nematocera) control in a small polluted river in south africa. | the effects on simulium adersi and s. hargreavesi larvae of 2 bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis products, the liquid formulation "teknar" (sandoz) and a powder formulation produced by the ben gurion university, israel, were compared in the laboratory and in the pienaars river. this river was heavily polluted with effluent from a nearby sewage works and contained 77 mg/l chloride. in the laboratory s. adersi and s. hargreavesi larvae showed 26; 48; 95 and 100% mortality 6 hours after a 10-m ... | 1984 | 6493728 |
| acetylcholinesterase release from mammalian erythrocytes by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis and characterization of the released enzyme. | the mode of acetylcholinesterase release from mammalian erythrocyte membranes by the action of phosphatidylinositol(pi)-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis was studied. as regards intact erythrocytes, a larger amount of acetylcholinesterase was released from sheep or bovine erythrocytes than from horse erythrocytes. from horse erythrocyte ghosts, acetylcholinesterase was more easily released than from intact cells. bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase released by pi-specific ph ... | 1984 | 6501251 |
| purification of the toxic protein from bacillus thuringiensis serotype 10 isolate demonstrating a preferential larvicidal activity to the mosquito. | 1984 | 6501918 | |
| war against mosquito. | 1984 | 6503802 | |
| lectin grouping of bacillus thuringiensis serovars. | twelve lectins, 11 of plant and 1 of animal origin, were tested against the 28 serovars of bacillus thuringiensis to study their agglutinating specificities. except for the sialic specific lectin from limulus polyphemus, tube agglutination assays were performed using lectin concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 micrograms against 0.2 ml of 10(9) cells/ml in a final volume of 1.0 ml. the agglutination studies with the limulus lectin were performed using 10 and 50 micrograms of lectin. tubes were incu ... | 1984 | 6509391 |
| introduction of plasmid pc194 into bacillus thuringiensis by protoplast transformation and plasmid transfer. | the staphylococcus aureus plasmid pc194 which codes for resistance to chloramphenicol was introduced into six bacillus thuringiensis strains representing five varieties by protoplast transformation. six other varieties could not be transformed. pc194 could be identified in transformed strains as autonomous plasmid. the transformed clones contained in addition a new extrachromosomal element of somewhat lower electrophoretic mobility hybridizing with pc194, and pc194 in multimeric forms. pc194 was ... | 1984 | 6517655 |
| impact of storage period & temperature on the larvicidal activity of bacterial pesticide formulations. | 1984 | 6519722 | |
| laboratory studies on the susceptibility of blattella germanica and periplaneta americana to bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. | 1984 | 6523178 | |
| evaluation of bacillus sphaericus & b. thuringiensis h-14 for mosquito control in rice fields. | 1984 | 6532966 | |
| the response of vaal river drift and benthos to simulium (diptera: nematocera) control using bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (h-14). | two trials to test the efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis berliner var. israelensis de barjac (serotype h-14) against target simuliid and non-target aquatic invertebrates were undertaken in the vaal river near warrenton in south africa. in the 1st trail an application of 1,6 ppm/10 min of b. thuringiensis resulted in a significant (p less than 0,05) reduction of simuliid larvae in rapids 70 m below the treatment point 40 hours after its application. further downstream the larvicide was ineffectu ... | 1984 | 6533506 |
| [intervariant transduction in bacillus thuringiensis]. | this report deals with intervariant transduction in strains of bacillus thuringiensis subsp, dendrolimus and galleriae with bacteriophage tg13. this bacteriophage has a broad host range and is of a large dna molecular mass (40.3 md). transducing properties of this bacteriophage were studied in bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae using auxotrophic mutants requiring purine and pyrimidine bases or tryptophan as recipients. the frequency of transduction was 10(-5)-10(-6). in order to prove the pos ... | 1984 | 6538158 |
| [bacteriocinogenic plasmids of bacillus thuringiensis]. | when strains of bacillus thuringiensis v. morrisoni or v. darmstadiensis were plated on solid medium, the appearance of oligosporogenic (ospo) mutants and bacteriocin non-producing clones (thc-) was observed. the comparative analysis of the plasmid content of original and mutant strains revealed that the appearance of ospo and thc- phenotypes correlated with the loss of certain plasmids. | 1984 | 6540726 |
| [transduction of strains of bacillus thuringiensis serotype xiv]. | 1983 | 6578914 | |
| chromosomal mapping of bacillus thuringiensis by transduction. | three groups of linked markers were mapped in bacillus thuringiensis 4042b by using two-, three-, and four-factor crosses mediated by the temperate bacteriophages tp-13 and tp-18. the order of markers was (trp-11, trp-2)-(leu-1, leu-2)-his-1-(lys-1, lys-2)-cys-1 in the first group; met-1-(argcl, argol)-met-2-(pyr-1, pyra2) in the second group; and met-3-pur-1-(nal-1, nal-2)-str-1-(pur-2, pur-4)-pur-3 in the third group. electron microscopic measurements of head sizes suggested that the volume of ... | 1984 | 6583200 |
| some considerations on the safety evaluation of nonviral microbial pesticides. | the tactics and rationale of maximum challenge safety tests for nonviral microbial pesticides have been reviewed. maximum challenge tests and a tier approach to data collection for regulatory purposes offer the best opportunities to detect the acute effects of entomopathogenic organisms in mammals. premature condemnation of promising organisms that are based on incomplete results of maximum challenge tests must be avoided. further investigations should be conducted on the role of mammalian immun ... | 1983 | 6601535 |
| introduction to a standardized method for the evaluation of the potency of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 based products. | vector resistance and other constraints have necessitated consideration of the use of alternative materials and methods in an integrated approach to vector control. bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 is a promising biological control agent which acts as a conventional larvicide through its delta-endotoxin (active ingredient) and which now has to be suitably formulated for application in vector breeding habitats. the active ingredient in the formulations has so far not been chemically character ... | 1983 | 6601545 |
| a small scale field trial with bacillus thuringiensis against culicine mosquitoes, kelang, malaysia. | bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis (bti) against culicine mosquitoes was tried out in cement sullage drains in kelang municipal area at a dosage of 0.15 ppm. and 0.6 ppm. the results of the trial showed that at 0.15 ppm. the bti was not effective, but at 0.6 ppm. it was effective giving about 95% kill. there was no residual effect and treatment had to be repeated weekly. | 1983 | 6612413 |
| ocular infection caused by a biological insecticide. | 1983 | 6619584 | |
| toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to adult aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | adult female aedes aegypti mosquitoes were killed by the parasporal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (onr-60a) when the crystals were introduced into the insect midgut as an enema. the 50% lethal dose for intact parasporal crystals was 0.21 microgram/mg of mosquito (wet weight), and for solubilized crystals the 50% lethal dose was 0.04 microgram/mg. these values were compared with 50% lethal concentrations in a free-feeding larval mosquito bioassay of 0.018 and 1.28 microgra ... | 1983 | 6625566 |
| [action of the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on cultured cells from aedes aegypti l]. | the effects of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis delta-endotoxin were investigated on a cell culture of aedes aegypti with the electron microscope. the ultrastructural changes following intoxication were: disintegration of endoplasmic reticula by the formation of spherical structures; condensation and then swelling of mitochondria with disappearance of internal cristae; frequent dilatation of the perinuclear space; cellular lysis. the action of a metabolic inhibitor, 2,6-dibromophenol (2,6 ... | 1983 | 6638755 |
| [synthetic medium for cultivating bacillus thuringiensis]. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae 69/6 was cultivated in a synthetic medium containing 5 amino acids and nicotinic acid. the dynamics of the culture growth and amino acid assimilation were studied in this medium and in a medium containing yeast extract. the phase of spore germination increased, the yield decreased and the maximal growth rate became higher when the culture grew in the synthetic medium. the percentage of thermoresistant spores was slightly lower in the synthetic medium compa ... | 1983 | 6645997 |
| [estimation of the spectrum of the aerial dispersion of bacillus thuringiensis]. | the present paper estimates the number of viable spores of bacillus thuringiensis per droplet and reveals the importance of this data to improve b. thuringiensis treatments. for a given diameter, droplets from futura formula contained two times more spores than droplets from the formulas used to date. it is preferable to have b. thuringiensis droplets larger than those of chemical insecticides. a grumman agcat aircraft calibrated to give the desired larger droplets resulted in successful b. thur ... | 1983 | 6661697 |
| [effect of temperature and aeration on bacillus thuringiensis growth and sporulation]. | the growth of bacillus thuringiensis was studied as a function of temperature and aeration. the vegetative growth, the yield of viable spores and their thermoresistance did not depend, for all practical purposes, on the rate of aeration within the range of 25 to 60 mg o2 per litre per minute. a rise of temperature from 20 to 35 degrees c doubled the titre of spores and increased their thermoresistance. when the temperature of cultivation was increased to 40 degrees c, the process of spore format ... | 1983 | 6664310 |
| utilization of fodder yeast and agro-industrial by-products in production of spores and biologically - active endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis. | a number of newly-devised fermentation media were evaluated with respect to their ability to support sporulation and biosynthesis of endotoxins by strains of bacillus thuringiensis that are biologically active against spodoptera littoralis, heliothis armigera, and spodoptera exigua. fodder yeast from dried cells of saccharomyces cerevisiae could be used as a complete mono-component medium for production of highly active spore-delta-endotoxin complexes from b. thur., vars. entomocidus, kurstaki a ... | 1983 | 6666415 |
| [the effects of bacillus thuringiensis on the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella (l.) (lepidoptera: galleriidae)]. | the effects of bacillus thuringiensis preparation on the greater wax moth population have been investigated under laboratory conditions. b. thuringiensis isolated from commercial insecticidal formulations such as dipelr (abbott lab. usa), tribactur btb wp (fabrick von chemische production, holland), bactospein (laboratoire roger, france). the effective strain was used in this experiment. the applied concentrations of bacillus on the greater wax moth larvae are 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 gram, ... | 1983 | 6669083 |
| small scale field trials with bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis h-14 strain against larvae of anopheline and culicine mosquitoes. | 1983 | 6674325 | |
| [pathogenesis of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis in killing larva of mosquitoes and its application]. | 1983 | 6675863 | |
| [studies on the prolongation of mosquito larvicidal effect of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis]. | 1983 | 6675981 | |
| [experiments with bacillus thuringiensis protoplasts. i. isolation of protoplasts and their reversion to bacillary form]. | a method for protoplastization of crystal- and spore-forming bacillus thuringiensis bacterian and consequent cell wall regeneration on a solid hypertonic medium is presented. up to 50% of the protoplasts prepared were viable and formed colonies under special conditions; at the same time, less than 0,01% of the cells treated with lysozyme were resistant to the osmotic shock; bacterial autolytic system takes part in protoplasts formation. electron microscopic studies of protoplasts and cells confi ... | 1983 | 6683209 |
| sampling culex tarsalis (diptera: culicidae) immatures on rice fields treated with combinations of mosquitofish and bacillus thuringiensis h-14 toxin. | 1983 | 6687471 | |
| bioassay of solubilized bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals by attachment to latex beads. | solubilized crystals of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis were 7000 times less toxic to aedes aegypti larvae than intact crystals, presumably because mosquito larvae are filter feeders and selectively concentrate particles while excluding water and soluble molecules. a procedure is described whereby soluble toxins are adsorbed to 0.8-micrometer latex beads, with retention of toxicity. the latex bead assay should make it possible to analyze the structure and mode of action of the mosquito t ... | 1984 | 6701520 |
| [optimization of a synthetic nutrient medium for culturing bacillus thuringiensis]. | the requirement of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae 69/6 for amino acids and vitamins was studied. the composition of a synthetic nutrient medium was optimized. alanine and nicotinic acid were found to be necessary for growth while other amino acids (aspartic and glutamic acids, histidine, threonine) were not indispensable although they increased the population density (yield). a deficiency as well as an excess of individual amino acids (threonine and glutamic acid) inhibited growth and d ... | 1984 | 6708844 |
| a large transmissible plasmid is required for crystal toxin production in bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis. | bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti), serotype 14, which produces parasporal crystals toxic to certain dipteran larvae, was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and found to contain a complex plasmid array. eight plasmids were detected, with approximate sizes of 3.3, 4.2, 4.9, 10.6, 68, 75, 105, and 135 mda, as well as a plasmidlike linear dna element of approximately 10 mda. partially cured mutants of bti implicated the 75-mda plasmid in crystal production. fifteen independently iso ... | 1984 | 6709732 |
| [field trials of bac. thuringiensis berl. preparations on the larvae of anopheles atroparvus thiel. and culex modestus fic. mosquitoes. 2]. | 1984 | 6717381 | |
| regulation of protoxin synthesis in bacillus thuringiensis. | a derivative of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (hd-1) formed parasporal inclusions at 25 degrees c, but not at 32 degrees c. this strain differed from the parent only in the loss of a 110-megadalton (md) plasmid, but plasmid and chromosomal copies of protoxin genes were present in both strains. on the basis of temperature shift experiments, the sensitive period appeared to be during midexponential growth, long before the time of protoxin synthesis at 3 to 4 h after the end of exponential ... | 1984 | 6725205 |
| laboratory and field evaluations of industrial formulations of bacillus thuringiensis serovar. israelensis against some mosquito species of central italy. | 1984 | 6725977 | |
| [efficacy of bactoculicide in controlling the larvae of malaria mosquitoes]. | 1984 | 6730348 | |
| [sporulation and crystal formation in bacillus thuringiensis during growth limitation via nutrient sources]. | the object of the work was to study the effect of limiting concentrations of glucose, yeast extract, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium on the growth, spore formation and crystal formation in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae. the deficiency of the above components was shown to interfere in no way with the processes of spore and crystal formation. however, the type of limiting substrate influenced the character of spore formation, the duration of different phases in the culture growth, th ... | 1984 | 6738387 |
| larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in the dipteran haematobia irritans. | a strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was found to be larvicidal to horn flies, haematobia irritans (l. [diptera:muscidae]). the toxic activity was particulate, appeared during sporulation, and could be prevented by the addition of streptomycin before sporulation. density gradient centrifugation in renografin was used to separate endospores, crystals, and low-density particulate matter (fraction 3) from sporulated preparations. larvicidal activity was restricted to purified cryst ... | 1984 | 6742837 |
| effect of formulation, concentration, and application time on the efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) against black fly (diptera: simuliidae) larvae under natural conditions. | 1984 | 6747082 | |
| [variability of bacillus thuringiensis under various growth conditions]. | when a lysogenic culture of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae 69-6 was grown under the batch conditions, 93-99% of cells in the population produced r-form colonies and ca. 1% yielded s-form colonies. the amount of spore-forming cells was 99% in r-variants and 8% in s-variants. the quantity of s-variants rose abruptly to 99% when the culture was grown under the chemostat conditions. the number of s-variants increased with the rate and the duration of growth. the process was influenced by gr ... | 1984 | 6748973 |
| [ultrastructure of the bacterial spores and crystals of various bacillus thuringiensis serotypes]. | spores and crystals of various bacillus thuringiensis serotypes were studied by electron microscopy. the serotypes were shown to differ in the fine structure of the exosporium and crystals. the packing parameters of morphological subunits were determined by analysing electron photomicrographs by the technique of optical diffraction and filtration. some of the strains are characterised by hypersynthesis of surface spore structures. the individual morphological properties of crystals can be used f ... | 1984 | 6748975 |
| [exoprotease synthesis, insecticidal activity and spore formation in a bacillus thuringiensis mutant defective in glucose transport]. | 1982 | 6759887 | |
| the crystalline layers in spores of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis studied by freeze-etching and high resolution electron microscopy. | the comparative morphology of spores from bacillus cereus, b. thuringiensis s-9 (wildtype), b. thuringiensis hb 9-1 (acrystaliferous mutant) and b. finitimus, was studied by the freeze-etching technique. particular attention was given to the three crystalline layers found in these spores, the pitted layer, the parasporal layer, and the basal layer of the exosporium with lattice constants of 9.2 nm, 5.8 nm and 8.0 nm respectively. the parasporal layers, corresponding to the fraction of fl of sche ... | 1980 | 6766865 |
| [use of the supernatant from cultures of bacillus thuringiensis in an in vivo study of the functioning of the nucleolar organizer in drosophila melanogaster]. | the use of drosophila melanogaster mutants deficient in active ribosomal genes, allowed us to demonstrate that the in vivo degree of resistance to a given concentration of supernatant from bacillus thuringiensis cultures, can be an indication of the ribosomal genes functional level. | 1981 | 6796208 |
| [isolation and characteristics of radioresistant bacillus subtilis and bacillus thuringiensis mutants]. | 1981 | 6796992 | |
| [instability of the auxotrophic markers in bacillus thuringiensis]. | auxotrophic mutants of bacillus thuringiensis have been isolated and compared with the mutants of bacillus subtilis. it has been found that after spore formation and a prolonged storage, the considerable part of cells in a population of some strains display a genetically unstable additional requirement for arginine with high frequency. the correlation between tetracycline sensitivity and unstable requirement for arginine and other growth factors has been found. the possible reasons for instabili ... | 1981 | 6797872 |
| [plasmid transformation of bacillus thuringiensis protoplasts]. | 1982 | 6800747 | |
| interchangeability of delta subunits of rna polymerase from different species of the genus bacillus. | rna polymerase was purified from five species of bacillus, including bacillus subtilis. each polymerase had a subunit composition analogous to that reported for b. subtilis, i.e., beta beta '2 alpha sigma delta omega 1 omega 2. the delta subunits from the b. subtilis and bacillus thuringiensis polymerases were interchangeable, as judged from their effects on promoter selection in the polymerase binding assay. | 1982 | 6802805 |
| [enterobacterial gene expression of antibiotic resistance under the control of bacillus thuringiensis regulatory signals in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria]. | two recombinant plasmids ppbt9 and ppbt74 carrying hindiii promoter-active dna fragments of bacillus thuringiensis onto the vector pga24 were studied. the cloned fragment of ppbt9 plasmid has many homologous regions in bac. thuringiensis genome. this fragment contains three escherichia coli rna polymerase binding sites, one of which is responsible for promoting tetracycline resistance of the promoter-deficient enterobacterial tet gene in e. coli cells. the bacillar fragment of ppbt74 plasmid has ... | 1982 | 6818110 |
| corneal ulcer caused by a biologic insecticide (bacillus thuringiensis). | 1983 | 6824057 | |
| mechanism of action of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis insecticidal delta-endotoxin. | bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis delta-endotoxin protein active against mosquitoes was inactivated by prior incubation with lipids extracted from aedes albopictus cells. experiments with lipid dispersions and multilamellar liposomes showed that the toxin binds to phosphatidyl choline, sphingomyelin and phosphatidyl ethanolamine provided these lipids contain unsaturated fatty acids. phosphatidyl serine binds toxin less efficiently and phosphatidyl inositol, cardiolipin, cerebroside and chol ... | 1983 | 6832375 |
| diversity of locations for bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein genes. | the location of crystal protein genes in 22 crystalliferous bacillus thuringiensis strains representing 14 subspecies was investigated by hybridization of an intragenic restriction fragment from a cloned crystal protein gene to whole plasmid preparations. hybridization was found to a single plasmid in eight strains, to more than one plasmid in seven strains, and to one or both of two large, unresolved plasmids in two strains. the sizes of the hybridized plasmids ranged from 33 to over 150 megada ... | 1983 | 6833183 |
| evidence for plasmid-associated crystal toxin production in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | three crystalliferous (cry+) strains of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (serotype 14) that produce parasporal protein crystals toxic to dipteran larvae and several acrystalliferous (cry-) mutants, either induced or spontaneously derived from a single cry+ parent, were examined for the presence of covalently closed circular (ccc) dna in attempts to correlate toxin production with the presence of a specific plasmid. the plasmid profiles of both cry+ and cry- variants were analyzed by bot ... | 1983 | 6836053 |
| spontaneous loss of a high molecular weight plasmid and the biocide of bacillus thuringiensis var. israeliensis. | 1983 | 6838531 | |
| specificities of monoclonal antibodies against the activated delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis. | eight hybrid cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies directed against the activated delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis were grown in balb/c mice. ascites fluids were collected, and the antibodies were purified by antigen-affinity chromatography. the specificity of each monoclonal antibody for the toxin and protoxin was established by the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. all the antibodies consisted of gamma 1 heavy and kappa light chains. they were reactiv ... | 1983 | 6840855 |
| larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, serovar h14 in aedes aegypti: histopathological studies. | 1983 | 6841993 | |
| [action on flea imagoes of bacterial preparations of the thuringiensis-group and their fillers]. | 1983 | 6843497 | |
| [effect of the larval density of aedes aegypti mosquitoes on their mortality as affected by bacillus thuringiensis berl. preparations]. | 1983 | 6843501 | |
| field trial of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 (vcrc b-17) against culex and anopheles larvae. | 1983 | 6862558 | |
| [action of crystals of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on the midgut of aedes aegypti l. larvae, studied by electron microscopy]. | ingestion of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals by aedes aegypti larvae is followed by midgut epithelium disruption. earliest ultrastructural changes consist of an enlargement of intra- and intercellular spaces in the basal region of the cell. endoplasmic reticula disintegrate by forming spherical structures which increase in size during intoxication. mitochondria are transformed at first into a condensed form, then become swollen with the disappearance of internal cristae. in the ... | 1983 | 6870088 |
| toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals to aedes aegypti larvae: carbonate reversal. | the toxicity of purified bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals to larvae of aedes aegypti could be reversed 100-fold by levels of k(2)co(3) as low as 0.15%. | 1983 | 6870244 |
| bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis crystal delta-endotoxin: effects on insect and mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. | bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis parasporal crystal delta-endotoxin was purified by ultracentrifugation on a discontinuous sucrose gradient. native delta-endotoxin crystals showed no detectable toxicity in the vitro and in vivo systems that are described. by contrast alkali-solubilized crystal delta-endotoxin caused rapid cytological and cytopathological changes in aedes albopictus, choristoneura fumiferana 63 cf1, spodoptera frugiperda and trichoplusia ni cell lines as observed by phase-c ... | 1983 | 6874728 |
| [qualitative information processing in studying biological systems]. | 1983 | 6880401 | |
| complete purification of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from a strain of bacillus thuringiensis. | a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c was purified from the culture broth of bacillus thuringiensis iam 12077 to a homogeneous state as revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the specific activity of the purified enzyme was 559 units/mg and recovery of the enzyme activity was 31%. molecular and physiological properties of the purified enzyme, including molecular weight (22,000), isoelectric point (pi = 4.9) and its ectoenzyme-releasing activity, were studied in comparison with ... | 1983 | 6885748 |
| molecular relationships among plasmids of bacillus thuringiensis: conserved sequences through 11 crystalliferous strains. | screening for the plasmid content of 11 strains belonging to nine different serotypes of b. thuringiensis was carried out by electron microscopic examination and electrophoresis in agarose gels. all the strains contained at lest two covalently closed, circular (ccc) dna species. in one strain (berliner 1715), 17 extrachromosomal elements could be distinguished with regard to their size, ranging from 3.9 to 180 mdal. southern hybridisation experiments showed that most of these plasmids fell into ... | 1982 | 6956789 |
| progress in malaria vector control. | malaria control, except in tropical africa, will probably continue to be based to a large extent on the use of insecticides for many years. however, the development of resistance to insecticides in the vectors has caused serious difficulties and it is necessary to change the strategy of insecticide use to maximize their efficacy. a thorough knowledge of the ecology and behaviour of each vector species is required before the control strategy can be adapted to different epidemiological situations. ... | 1981 | 6976842 |
| mammalian safety of microbial agents for vector control: a who memorandum. | this memorandum outlines recommended safety tests for application to biological agents under consideration for widespread use for pest control. the basic principles utilized in developing these recommendations were that: (i) the hazards presented by microbial pesticides are inherently different from those associated with chemical pesticides and the tests used to determine hazard potential to man should reflect this; (ii) a high proportion of negative results is likely; (iii) tiered testing syste ... | 1981 | 6978192 |
| crystal-forming proteins of bacillus thuringiensis. the limited hydrolysis by endogeneous proteinases as a cause of their apparent multiplicity. | the crystals of the entomocidal protein of bacillus thuringiensis are admixed with proteinases that in the course of their dissolution cause gradual degradation of the "genuine" crystal-forming protein components (i.e. the primary biosynthetic products) to products of lower molecular weight. this phenomenon might explain at least partially the contradictory data on the molecular parameters of the crystal-forming proteins. preliminary inactivation of the proteinases adsorbed on the crystals allow ... | 1980 | 6994717 |
| ultrastructure, physiology, and biochemistry of bacillus thuringiensis. | 1980 | 7000441 |