Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| dissemination of lipid a deacylases (pagl) among gram-negative bacteria: identification of active-site histidine and serine residues. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) is one of the main constituents of the gram-negative bacterial outer membrane. it usually consists of a highly variable o-antigen, a less variable core oligosaccharide, and a highly conserved lipid moiety, designated lipid a. several bacteria are capable of modifying their lipid a architecture in response to external stimuli. the outer membrane-localized lipid a 3-o-deacylase, encoded by the pagl gene of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, removes the fatty acyl cha ... | 2004 | 15611102 |
| dfra20, a novel trimethoprim resistance gene from pasteurella multocida. | a novel trimethoprim resistance gene, designated dfra20, was detected on the 11-kb plasmid pcck154 from pasteurella multocida. the dfra20 gene codes for a dihydrofolate reductase of 169 amino acids. sequence comparisons revealed that the dfra20 protein differed distinctly from all dihydrofolate reductases known so far. | 2005 | 15616323 |
| downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by the bordetella bronchiseptica type iii secretion system leads to attenuated nonclassical macrophage activation. | bordetella bronchiseptica utilizes a type iii secretion system (ttss) to establish a persistent infection of the murine respiratory tract. previous studies have shown that the bordetella ttss mediated cytotoxicity in different cell types, inhibition of nf-kappab in epithelial cells, and differentiation of dendritic cells into a semimature state. here we demonstrate modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling pathways and altered cytokine production in macrophages and dendriti ... | 2005 | 15618167 |
| cxcr3 and its ligands participate in the host response to bordetella bronchiseptica infection of the mouse respiratory tract but are not required for clearance of bacteria from the lung. | intranasal inoculation of mice with bordetella bronchiseptica produces a transient pneumonia that is cleared over several weeks in a process known to require both neutrophils and lymphocytes. in this study, we evaluated the roles of the chemokines mig (cxcl9), ip-10 (cxcl10), and i-tac (cxcl11) and their common receptor, cxcr3. following bacterial inoculation, message expression of interleukin-1 (il-1), il-6, and the neutrophil-attracting chemokines kc, lix, and mip-2 was rapidly induced, with m ... | 2005 | 15618188 |
| molecular nature of spontaneous modifications in gacs which cause colony phase variation in pseudomonas sp. strain pcl1171. | pseudomonas sp. strain pcl1171 displays colony phase variation between opaque phase i and translucent phase ii colonies, thereby regulating the production of secondary metabolites and exoenzymes. complementation and sequence analysis of 26 phase ii mutants and of 13 wild-type phase ii sectors growing out of phase i colonies showed that in all these cases the phase ii phenotype is caused by spontaneous mutations in gaca or/and gacs. mutation of gac reduced both the length of the lag phase and the ... | 2005 | 15629930 |
| association between respiratory disease and bacterial and viral infections in british racehorses. | respiratory disease is important in horses, particularly in young thoroughbred racehorses, and inflammation that is detected in the trachea and bronchi (termed inflammatory airway disease [iad]) is more significant in this population in terms of impact and frequency than other presentations of respiratory disease. iad, which is characterized by neutrophilic inflammation, mild clinical signs, and accumulation of mucus in the trachea, may be multifactorial, possibly involving infections and enviro ... | 2005 | 15634959 |
| ultrastructural analysis of the interactions between bordetella pertussis, bordetella parapertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica and human tracheal epithelial cells. | bordetella pertussis, bordetella parapertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica are respiratory pathogens that colonize the respiratory tract of their host after adhesion to the respiratory epithelium. presently, the intracellular fate of these bacteria in human tracheal epithelial cells was compared by use of transmission electron microscopy. the three species, even when cytotoxic, were taken-up by epithelial cells. although, some intracellular bacteria appeared morphologically intact and survived ... | 2005 | 15652294 |
| surface proteins of streptococcus agalactiae and related proteins in other bacterial pathogens. | streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) is the major cause of invasive bacterial disease, including meningitis, in the neonatal period. although prophylactic measures have contributed to a substantial reduction in the number of infections, development of a vaccine remains an important goal. while much work in this field has focused on the s. agalactiae polysaccharide capsule, which is an important virulence factor that elicits protective immunity, surface proteins have received increasi ... | 2005 | 15653821 |
| evaluation of the role of the bvg intermediate phase in bordetella pertussis during experimental respiratory infection. | the bvgas system of bordetella pertussis was traditionally considered to mediate a transition between two phenotypic phases (bvg(+) and bvg(-)) in response to environmental signals. we characterized a third state, the intermediate (bvg(i)) phase, which can be induced by introducing a 1-bp substitution into bvgs (the bvgs-i1 mutation) or by growing b. pertussis under conditions intermediate between those leading to the bvg(+) and bvg(-) phases. like b. bronchiseptica, b. pertussis displays in its ... | 2005 | 15664913 |
| oesophageal strictures in cats associated with doxycycline therapy. | four cases of oesophageal stricture subsequent to doxycycline administration are reported. all cases were young to middle age (median age 3 years; range 1-7 years), and either domestic shorthair or domestic longhair breed. in all cases the predominant clinical sign was regurgitation, which developed at variable times after doxycycline administration. in all cases the reason for doxycycline use was treatment or prophylaxis of suspected infections (mycoplasma haemofelis, chlamydophila felis or bor ... | 2005 | 15686972 |
| a three-component regulatory system regulates biofilm maturation and type iii secretion in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | biofilms are structured communities found associated with a wide range of surfaces. here we report the identification of a three-component regulatory system required for biofilm maturation by pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pa14. a transposon mutation that altered biofilm formation in a 96-well dish assay originally defined this locus, which is comprised of genes for a putative sensor histidine kinase and two response regulators and has been designated sadars. nonpolar mutations in any of the sada ... | 2005 | 15687209 |
| the bvgas signal transduction system regulates biofilm development in bordetella. | the majority of bordetella sp. virulence determinants are regulated by the bvgas signal transduction system. bvgas mediates the control of multiple phenotypic phases and a spectrum of gene expression profiles specific to each phase in response to incremental changes in the concentrations of environmental signals. studies highlighting the critical role of this signaling circuitry in the bordetella infectious cycle have focused on planktonically growing bacterial cells. it is becoming increasingly ... | 2005 | 15687212 |
| physiological conditions conducive to high cyanophycin content in biomass of acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain adp1. | the effects of the inorganic medium components, the initial ph, the incubation temperature, the oxygen supply, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and chloramphenicol on the synthesis of cyanophycin (cgp) by acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain adp1 were studied in a mineral salts medium containing sodium glutamate and ammonium sulfate as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. variation of all these factors resulted in maximum cgp contents of only about 3.5% (wt/wt) of the cell dry matter (cdm), and ... | 2005 | 15691941 |
| genomic insights that advance the species definition for prokaryotes. | to help advance the species definition for prokaryotes, we have compared the gene content of 70 closely related and fully sequenced bacterial genomes to identify whether species boundaries exist, and to determine the role of the organism's ecology on its shared gene content. we found the average nucleotide identity (ani) of the shared genes between two strains to be a robust means to compare genetic relatedness among strains, and that ani values of approximately 94% corresponded to the tradition ... | 2005 | 15701695 |
| protein domains and architectural innovation in plant-associated proteobacteria. | evolution of new complex biological behaviour tends to arise by novel combinations of existing building blocks. the functional and evolutionary building blocks of the proteome are protein domains, the function of a protein being dependent on its constituent domains. we clustered completely-sequenced proteomes of prokaryotes on the basis of their protein domain content, as defined by pfam (release 16.0). this revealed that, although there was a correlation between phylogeny and domain content, ot ... | 2005 | 15715905 |
| a live and inactivated chlamydia trachomatis mouse pneumonitis strain induces the maturation of dendritic cells that are phenotypically and immunologically distinct. | the intracellular bacterial pathogen chlamydia trachomatis is a major cause of sexually transmitted disease worldwide. while protective immunity does appear to develop following natural chlamydial infection in humans, early vaccine trials using heat-killed c. trachomatis resulted in limited and transient protection with possible enhanced disease during follow-up. thus, immunity following natural infection with live chlamydia may differ from immune responses induced by immunization with inactivat ... | 2005 | 15731055 |
| bordetella pertussis-infected human monocyte-derived dendritic cells undergo maturation and induce th1 polarization and interleukin-23 expression. | bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, is internalized by several cell types, including epithelial cells, monocytes, and neutrophils. although its ability to survive intracellularly is still debated, it has been proven that cell-mediated immunity (cmi) plays a pivotal role in protection. in this study we aimed to clarify the interaction of b. pertussis with human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mddc), evaluating the ability of the bacterium to enter mddc, to survive intra ... | 2005 | 15731058 |
| transcriptional control of the rhuir-bhurstuv heme acquisition locus in bordetella avium. | iron (fe) is an essential nutrient for most bacterial pathogens. in these organisms, a variety of regulatory systems that respond to specific fe complexes found within their vertebrate hosts have evolved. in bordetella avium, the heme utilization locus encoded by rhuir-bhurstuv mediates efficient acquisition of fe from heme and hemoproteins. control of bhurstuv expression is promulgated at two levels. when fe is abundant, expression is repressed in a fur-dependent manner which is partially relie ... | 2005 | 15731061 |
| evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of florfenicol against bacteria isolated from bovine and porcine respiratory disease. | antimicrobial susceptibility of florfenicol (ffc) against 243 bacterial agents isolated in korea from cattle and pigs with respiratory disease were investigated by agar diffusion and microdilution broth methods following the recommendations provided by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards. all actinobacillus pleuropnemoniae, pasteurella multocida, mannheimia haemolytica and 98.6% of the bordetella bronchiseptica isolates were susceptible to ffc, which as significantly more ef ... | 2005 | 15737475 |
| molecular subtyping and characterization of bovine and human streptococcus agalactiae isolates. | streptococcus agalactiae causes severe invasive disease in humans and mastitis in cattle. temporally matched bovine milk isolates and clinical human invasive isolates (52 each) collected in new york state over 18 months were characterized by molecular subtyping and phenotypic methods to probe the interspecies transmission potential of this species. ecori ribotyping differentiated 17 ribotypes, and dna sequencing of the housekeeping gene soda and the putative virulence gene hylb differentiated 7 ... | 2005 | 15750080 |
| bioinformatics analysis of the locus for enterocyte effacement provides novel insights into type-iii secretion. | like many other pathogens, enterohaemorrhagic and enteropathogenic strains of escherichia coli employ a type-iii secretion system to translocate bacterial effector proteins into host cells, where they then disrupt a range of cellular functions. this system is encoded by the locus for enterocyte effacement. many of the genes within this locus have been assigned names and functions through homology with the better characterised ysc-yop system from yersinia spp. however, the functions and homologie ... | 2005 | 15757514 |
| suppression of nf-kappab-mediated beta-defensin gene expression in the mammalian airway by the bordetella type iii secretion system. | expression of innate immune genes such as beta-defensins is induced in airway epithelium by bacterial components via activation of nf-kappab. we show here that live gram-negative bacteria can similarly stimulate this pathway, resulting in upregulation of the beta-defensin tracheal antimicrobial peptide (tap) in primary cultures of bovine tracheal epithelial cells (tecs), by a toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4)-mediated pathway. the gram-negative airway pathogen bordetella bronchiseptica possesses a typ ... | 2005 | 15760449 |
| epidemiologic evaluation of multiple respiratory pathogens in cats in animal shelters. | upper respiratory tract infection (uri) propagates readily within cats in shelters and often results in euthanasia of affected cats. in a case-control evaluation of 573 cats in eight shelters in california in 2001 and 2002, the prevalence of feline calicivirus (fcv) was from 13 to 36%, feline herpesvirus (fhv) was from 3 to 38%, and prevalence of bordetella bronchiseptica, chlamydophila felis, and mycoplasma species was from 2 to 14%. cats with uri tended to be housed in isolation, dehydrated, a ... | 2005 | 15771947 |
| [alginate gel microchip for real-time monitoring of intracellular processes in bacterial and yeast cells]. | a method of alginate-based hydrogel cell microchip manufacturing is proposed. the development of mild conditions for cell immobilization in microvolumes of non-toxic alginate gel allows extending the range of microorganisms used. different approaches to cell analysis using microchip have been approved in pilot studies. by the example of escherichia coli, bordetella bronchiseptica and saccharomyces cerevisiae it is shown that cell microchip can be successfully applied for monitoring of nucleic ac ... | 2005 | 15773553 |
| functional insights from the distribution and role of homopeptide repeat-containing proteins. | expansion of "low complex" repeats of amino acids such as glutamine (poly-q) is associated with protein misfolding and the development of degenerative diseases such as huntington's disease. the mechanism by which such regions promote misfolding remains controversial, the function of many repeat-containing proteins (rcps) remains obscure, and the role (if any) of repeat regions remains to be determined. here, a web-accessible database of rcps is presented. the distribution and evolution of rcps t ... | 2005 | 15805494 |
| 6s rna is a widespread regulator of eubacterial rna polymerase that resembles an open promoter. | 6s rna is an abundant noncoding rna in escherichia coli that binds to sigma70 rna polymerase holoenzyme to globally regulate gene expression in response to the shift from exponential growth to stationary phase. we have computationally identified >100 new 6s rna homologs in diverse eubacterial lineages. two abundant bacillus subtilis rnas of unknown function (bsra and bsrb) and cyanobacterial 6sa rnas are now recognized as 6s homologs. structural probing of e. coli 6s rna and a b. subtilis homolo ... | 2005 | 15811922 |
| intranasal kennel cough vaccine protecting dogs from experimental bordetella bronchiseptica challenge within 72 hours. | 2005 | 15828745 | |
| a glimpse into the expanded genome content of vibrio cholerae through identification of genes present in environmental strains. | vibrio cholerae has multiple survival strategies which are reflected both in its broad distribution in many aquatic environments and its high genotypic diversity. to obtain additional information regarding the content of the v. cholerae genome, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was used to prepare libraries of dna sequences from two southern california coastal isolates which are divergent or absent in the clinical strain v. cholerae o1 el tor n16961. more than 1,400 subtracted clones w ... | 2005 | 15838025 |
| pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin provide a one-two punch for establishment of bordetella pertussis infection of the respiratory tract. | previously we found that pertussis toxin (pt), an exotoxin virulence factor produced by bordetella pertussis, plays an important early role in colonization of the respiratory tract by this pathogen, using a mouse intranasal infection model. in this study, we examined the early role played by another exotoxin produced by this pathogen, adenylate cyclase toxin (act). by comparing a wild-type strain to a mutant strain (deltacya) with an in-frame deletion of the cyaa gene encoding act, we found that ... | 2005 | 15845471 |
| new species of bordetella, bordetella ansorpii sp. nov., isolated from the purulent exudate of an epidermal cyst. | a gram-negative bacillus, smc-8986(t), which was isolated from the purulent exudate of an epidermal cyst but could not be identified by a conventional microbiologic method, was characterized by a variety of phenotypic and genotypic analyses. sequences of the 16s rrna gene revealed that this bacterium belongs to the genus bordetella but diverged distinctly from previously described bordetella species. analyses of cellular fatty acid composition and performance of biochemical tests confirmed that ... | 2005 | 15872300 |
| structural analysis and solution studies of the activated regulatory domain of the response regulator arca: a symmetric dimer mediated by the alpha4-beta5-alpha5 face. | escherichia coli react to changes from aerobic to anaerobic conditions of growth using the arca-arcb two-component signal transduction system. this system, in conjunction with other proteins, regulates the respiratory metabolic pathways in the organism. arca is a member of the ompr/phob subfamily of response regulator transcription factors that are known to regulate transcription by binding in tandem to target dna direct repeats. it is still unclear in this subfamily how activation by phosphoryl ... | 2005 | 15876365 |
| genomic and proteomic comparisons between bacterial and archaeal genomes and related comparisons with the yeast and fly genomes. | bacterial, archaeal, yeast, and fly genomes are compared with respect to predicted highly expressed (phx) genes and several genomic properties. there is a striking difference in the status of phx ribosomal protein (rp) genes where the archaeal genome generally encodes more rp genes and fewer phx rps compared with bacterial genomes. the increase in rps in archaea and eukaryotes compared with that in bacteria may reflect a more complex set of interactions in archaea and eukaryotes in regulating tr ... | 2005 | 15883367 |
| an sos-regulated operon involved in damage-inducible mutagenesis in caulobacter crescentus. | dna polymerases of the y-family, such as escherichia coli umuc and dinb, are specialized enzymes induced by the sos response, which bypass lesions allowing the continuation of dna replication. umudc orthologs are absent in caulobacter crescentus and other bacteria, raising the question about the existence of sos mutagenesis in these organisms. here, we report that the c.crescentus dinb ortholog is not involved in damage-induced mutagenesis. however, an operon composed of two hypothetical genes a ... | 2005 | 15886391 |
| comparative and functional genomic analyses of the pathogenicity of phytopathogen xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. | xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris (xcc) is the causative agent of crucifer black rot disease, which causes severe losses in agricultural yield world-wide. this bacterium is a model organism for studying plant-bacteria interactions. we sequenced the complete genome of xcc 8004 (5,148,708 bp), which is highly conserved relative to that of xcc atcc 33913. comparative genomics analysis indicated that, in addition to a significant genomic-scale rearrangement cross the replication axis betwee ... | 2005 | 15899963 |
| bordetella alcs transporter functions in alcaligin siderophore export and is central to inducer sensing in positive regulation of alcaligin system gene expression. | bordetella pertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica, which are respiratory mucosal pathogens of mammals, produce and utilize the siderophore alcaligin to acquire iron in response to iron starvation. a predicted permease of the major facilitator superfamily class of membrane efflux pumps, alcs (synonyms, orfx and bcr), was reported to be encoded within the alcaligin gene cluster. in this study, alcs null mutants were found to be defective in growth under iron starvation conditions, in iron source ... | 2005 | 15901687 |
| a multidomain fusion protein in listeria monocytogenes catalyzes the two primary activities for glutathione biosynthesis. | glutathione is the predominant low-molecular-weight peptide thiol present in living organisms and plays a key role in protecting cells against oxygen toxicity. until now, glutathione synthesis was thought to occur solely through the consecutive action of two physically separate enzymes, gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase and glutathione synthetase. in this report we demonstrate that listeria monocytogenes contains a novel multidomain protein (termed gshf) that carries out complete synthesis of glutat ... | 2005 | 15901709 |
| prediction of functional modules based on comparative genome analysis and gene ontology application. | we present a computational method for the prediction of functional modules encoded in microbial genomes. in this work, we have also developed a formal measure to quantify the degree of consistency between the predicted and the known modules, and have carried out statistical significance analysis of consistency measures. we first evaluate the functional relationship between two genes from three different perspectives--phylogenetic profile analysis, gene neighborhood analysis and gene ontology ass ... | 2005 | 15901854 |
| bordetella bronchiseptica adherence to cilia is mediated by multiple adhesin factors and blocked by surfactant protein a. | in the virulent state (bvg+), bordetella bronchiseptica expresses adhesins and toxins that mediate adherence to the upper airway epithelium, an essential early step in pathogenesis. in this study, we used a rabbit tracheal epithelial cell binding assay to test how specific host or pathogen factors contribute to ciliary binding. the host antimicrobial agent surfactant protein a (sp-a) effectively reduced ciliary binding by bvg+ b. bronchiseptica. to evaluate the relative contributions of bacteria ... | 2005 | 15908391 |
| infection of newborn piglets with bordetella pertussis: a new model for pertussis. | bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough. this bacterium is a human pathogen that under experimental conditions also infects selected rodents and primates. here, we show for the first time that newborn piglets can be infected with b. pertussis when it is delivered intrapulmonarily. infected piglets displayed fever and respiratory symptoms, such as nasal discharge, nonparoxysmal coughing, and breathing difficulties. eventually, all infected animals developed seve ... | 2005 | 15908393 |
| factors associated with upper respiratory tract disease caused by feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus, chlamydophila felis and bordetella bronchiseptica in cats: experience from 218 european catteries. | a full history of the management practices and the prevalence of upper respiratory tract disease (urtd) at 218 rescue shelters, breeding establishments and private households with five or more cats was recorded. oropharyngeal and conjunctival swabs and blood samples were taken from 1748 cats. the prevalences of feline herpesvirus (fhv), feline calicivirus (fcv), chlamydophila felis and bordetella bronchiseptica were determined by pcr on swab samples. an elisa was applied to determine the prevale ... | 2005 | 15908495 |
| chromosome-borne class a bor-1 beta-lactamase of bordetella bronchiseptica and bordetella parapertussis. | a narrow-spectrum clavulanic acid-inhibited class a beta-lactamase, bor-1, was identified in a bordetella bronchiseptica clinical isolate. it shared 45% amino acid identity with l-2 from stenotrophomonas maltophilia. an identical beta-lactamase gene was found in b. bronchiseptica and bordetella parapertussis reference strains that may contribute only in part to their resistance phenotype. | 2005 | 15917575 |
| complete genome sequence of phihsic, a pseudotemperate marine phage of listonella pelagia. | the genome for the marine pseudotemperate member of the siphoviridae phihsic has been sequenced using a combination of linker amplification library construction, restriction digest library construction, and primer walking. phihsic enters into a pseudolysogenic relationship with its host, listonella pelagia, characterized by sigmoidal growth curves producing >10(9) cells/ml and >10(11) phage/ml. the genome (37,966 bp; g+c content, 44%) contained 47 putative open reading frames (orfs), 17 of which ... | 2005 | 15933034 |
| integrative genomic, transcriptional, and proteomic diversity in natural isolates of the human pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei. | natural isolates of pathogenic bacteria can exhibit a broad range of phenotypic traits. to investigate the molecular mechanisms contributing to such phenotypic variability, we compared the genomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes of two natural isolates of the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of the human disease melioidosis. significant intrinsic genomic, transcriptional, and proteomic variations were observed between the two strains involving genes of divers ... | 2005 | 15937190 |
| identification and regulation of cold-inducible factors of bordetella bronchiseptica. | the expression of bacterial cold-shock proteins (csps) is highly induced in response to cold shock, and some csps are essential for cells to resume growth at low temperature. bordetella bronchiseptica encodes five csps (named cspa to cspe) with significant amino acid homology to cspa of escherichia coli. in contrast to e. coli, the insertional knock-out of a single csp gene (cspb) strongly affected growth of b. bronchiseptica independent of temperature. in the case of three of the csp genes (csp ... | 2005 | 15941997 |
| the tetr family of transcriptional repressors. | we have developed a general profile for the proteins of the tetr family of repressors. the stretch that best defines the profile of this family is made up of 47 amino acid residues that correspond to the helix-turn-helix dna binding motif and adjacent regions in the three-dimensional structures of tetr, qacr, cprb, and ethr, four family members for which the function and three-dimensional structure are known. we have detected a set of 2,353 nonredundant proteins belonging to this family by scree ... | 2005 | 15944459 |
| phenylacetate catabolism in rhodococcus sp. strain rha1: a central pathway for degradation of aromatic compounds. | in gram-negative bacteria, a pathway for aerobic degradation of phenylacetic acid (paa) that proceeds via phenylacetyl-coenzyme a (coa) and hydrolytic ring fission plays a central role in the degradation of a range of aromatic compounds. in contrast, the paa pathway and its role are not well characterized in gram-positive bacteria. a cluster including 13 paa genes encoding enzymes orthologous to those of gram-negative bacteria was identified on the chromosome of rhodococcus sp. strain rha1. thes ... | 2005 | 15968060 |
| protection of dogs for 13 months against bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus with a modified live vaccine. | twelve specific pathogen-free (spf) puppies were vaccinated intranasally with a bivalent, modified live vaccine against infectious tracheobronchitis (group 1) and six puppies of the same age and from the same source served as unvaccinated controls (group 2). both groups were challenged with wild-type bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus by the aerosol route 56 weeks after group 1 had been vaccinated, and at the same time six 10-week-old spf puppies from the same source (group ... | 2005 | 15995238 |
| use of pcr analyses to define the distribution of ralstonia species recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis. | two new pcr assays (for ralstonia species and ralstonia respiraculi), together with previously published pcr assays, were used to assess ralstonia isolates recovered from 111 cystic fibrosis patients. ralstonia mannitolilytica accounted for 46% of isolates, while r. respiraculi and ralstonia pickettii accounted for 19% and 18%, respectively. ralstonia basilensis and ralstonia metallidurans, species not previously recovered from human samples, were also identified. | 2005 | 16000479 |
| constitutive expression of bvgr-repressed factors is not detrimental to the bordetella bronchiseptica-host interaction. | bordetella bronchiseptica infection requires the activation of virulence genes by the two-component bvgas regulatory system, which also activates bvgr, a repressor of another set of genes called avirulence genes. whether or not bvgr-repressed genes play a role in pathogenesis is poorly understood. to evaluate their possible contribution to the bacteria-host interaction we constructed a b. bronchiseptica bvgr insertional mutant (bbbvgr mutant). as expected, this mutant simultaneously expressed vi ... | 2005 | 16002267 |
| going against the grain: chemotaxis and infection in vibrio cholerae. | chemotaxis is the process by which motile cells move in a biased manner both towards favourable and away from unfavourable environments. the requirement of this process for infection has been examined in several bacterial pathogens, including vibrio cholerae. the single polar flagellum of vibrio species is powered by a sodium-motive force across the inner membrane, and can rotate to produce speeds of up to 60 cell-body lengths (approximately 60microm) per second. investigating the role of the ch ... | 2005 | 16012515 |
| origin and evolution of the archaeo-eukaryotic primase superfamily and related palm-domain proteins: structural insights and new members. | we report an in-depth computational study of the protein sequences and structures of the superfamily of archaeo-eukaryotic primases (aeps). this analysis greatly expands the range of diversity of the aeps and reveals the unique active site shared by all members of this superfamily. in particular, it is shown that eukaryotic nucleo-cytoplasmic large dna viruses, including poxviruses, asfarviruses, iridoviruses, phycodnaviruses and the mimivirus, encode aeps of a distinct family, which also includ ... | 2005 | 16027112 |
| pneumonia of pigs: a review. | pneumonia of pigs is one of the more important disease factors limiting pig production. of the varieties of pneumonia affecting this species enzootic pneumonia caused by mycoplasma spp. is the most common and most important. the major effects of this disease are lowered food conversion ratio and poor weight gain. deaths are usually the result of secondary infection by necrotising, pus-forming bacteria. eradication of the disease is expensive and requires depopulation and restocking. control and ... | 1981 | 16030803 |
| mechanisms of infection in the respiratory tract. | related to its potential vulnerability the respiratory tract has a very complex and effective defence apparatus. the interaction between these defence mechanisms and certain characteristics of aetiological agents results in a pattern in which initial infections by these agents tend to occur at specific sites in the tract. infections in which the primary portal of entry is in the upper respiratory tract include bordetella bronchiseptica and haemophilus spp in pigs; pasteurella spp in cattle, shee ... | 1981 | 16030806 |
| prevalence and in-vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of bordetella bronchiseptica in the nasal cavity of pigs. | the prevalence of bordetella bronchiseptica in the nasal cavity of pigs and the in-vitro sensitivity of isolates to a variety of antimicrobial agents was investigated. b. bronchiseptica was recovered from 372 nasal swabs collected from 1000 (37.2%) pigs slaughtered at 20-30 weeks old at an abattoir. the swabs were collected from groups of 5-206 pigs derived from 25 herds. all isolates tested against bacitracin, clindamycin, furazolidone, penicillin, spectinomycin, streptomycin and tylosin were f ... | 1984 | 16031068 |
| prevalence of bordetella bronchiseptica in cats attended by a veterinary practice in the manawatu region. | to determine the prevalence by isolation of bordetella bronchiseptica infection in healthy cats and in cats showing signs of upper respiratory tract (urt) disease attended by a veterinary practice in the manawatu region. | 2000 | 16032125 |
| a computational approach for identifying pathogenicity islands in prokaryotic genomes. | pathogenicity islands (pais), distinct genomic segments of pathogens encoding virulence factors, represent a subgroup of genomic islands (gis) that have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer event. up to now, computational approaches for identifying pais have been focused on the detection of genomic regions which only differ from the rest of the genome in their base composition and codon usage. these approaches often lead to the identification of genomic islands, rather than pais. | 2005 | 16033657 |
| characterization of the filamentous hemagglutinin-like protein fhas in bordetella bronchiseptica. | filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) is a large (>200 kda), rod-shaped protein expressed by bordetellae that is both surface-associated and secreted. fha mediates bacterial adherence to epithelial cells and macrophages in vitro and is absolutely required for tracheal colonization in vivo. the recently sequenced bordetella bronchiseptica genome revealed the presence of a gene, fhas, that is nearly identical to fhab, the fha structural gene. we show that although fhas expression requires the bvgas viru ... | 2005 | 16041011 |
| rna secondary structure prediction by centroids in a boltzmann weighted ensemble. | prediction of rna secondary structure by free energy minimization has been the standard for over two decades. here we describe a novel method that forsakes this paradigm for predictions based on boltzmann-weighted structure ensemble. we introduce the notion of a centroid structure as a representative for a set of structures and describe a procedure for its identification. in comparison with the minimum free energy (mfe) structure using diverse types of structural rnas, the centroid of the ensemb ... | 2005 | 16043502 |
| molecular basis of resistance to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol and sulphonamides in bordetella bronchiseptica. | to date, little is known about the molecular basis of antimicrobial resistance in bordetella bronchiseptica, an important respiratory tract pathogen in pigs, dogs and cats. the aim of this study was to identify genes coding for trimethoprim resistance present in porcine b. bronchiseptica and to determine their localization, transferability and association with other resistance genes. | 2005 | 16046466 |
| pathogen adaptation under imperfect vaccination: implications for pertussis. | mass vaccination campaigns have drastically reduced the burden of infectious diseases. unfortunately, in recent years several infectious diseases have re-emerged. pertussis poses a well-known example. inspired by pertussis, we study, by means of an epidemic model, the population and evolutionary dynamics of a pathogen population under the pressure of vaccination. a distinction is made between infection in immunologically naive individuals (primary infection) and infection in individuals whose im ... | 2005 | 16048777 |
| interactions between partner switcher orthologs btrw and btrv regulate type iii secretion in bordetella. | we have recently described a multicomponent cascade that regulates type iii secretion in bordetella. this cascade includes a group of proteins, btru, btrw, and btrv, that contain an array of domains that define partner-switching complexes previously characterized in gram-positive bacteria. btru contains a pp2c-like serine phosphatase domain, btrw contains a serine kinase/anti-sigma factor motif, and btrv includes an anti-sigma factor antagonist domain. on the basis of genetic studies and sequenc ... | 2005 | 16077112 |
| [use of 16s rrna gene sequencing for identification of "pseudomonas-like" isolates from sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis]. | since nonfermenting, gram negative bacilli recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis could be misidentified with phenotypic procedures, we used partial 16s ribosomal rna gene (16s gene) sequencing to identify these "pseudomonas-like" isolates. 473 isolates were recovered from 66 patients in 2003. sequencing was used to identify 29 (from 24 patients) of the 473 isolates, showing unclear results with routine tests. pcr with specific primers was carried out to amplify a 995 bp fragment, which wa ... | 2005 | 16081224 |
| use of the roche lightcycler strep b assay for detection of group b streptococcus from vaginal and rectal swabs. | the results for a real-time pcr assay, using the lightcycler strep b analyte-specific reagents (roche diagnostics corporation, indianapolis, ind.), were compared to a direct plate method combined with a broth enrichment culture method for detection of group b streptococcus colonization in pregnant women. two separate evaluations were conducted using two different automated nucleic extraction instruments, the magna pure lc instrument (roche diagnostics corporation) and the lower-capacity magna pu ... | 2005 | 16081949 |
| identification and characterization of putative virulence genes and gene clusters in aeromonas hydrophila ppd134/91. | aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen of animals and humans. the pathogenesis of a. hydrophila is multifactorial. genomic subtraction and markers of genomic islands (gis) were used to identify putative virulence genes in a. hydrophila ppd134/91. two rounds of genomic subtraction led to the identification of 22 unique dna fragments encoding 19 putative virulence factors and seven new open reading frames, which are commonly present in the eight virulence strains examined. ... | 2005 | 16085838 |
| evolution of selenium utilization traits. | the essential trace element selenium is used in a wide variety of biological processes. selenocysteine (sec), the 21st amino acid, is co-translationally incorporated into a restricted set of proteins. it is encoded by an uga codon with the help of trnasec (selc), sec-specific elongation factor (selb) and a cis-acting mrna structure (secis element). in addition, sec synthase (sela) and selenophosphate synthetase (seld) are involved in the biosynthesis of sec on the trnasec. selenium is also found ... | 2005 | 16086848 |
| evidence for a second class of s-adenosylmethionine riboswitches and other regulatory rna motifs in alpha-proteobacteria. | riboswitches are rna elements in the 5' untranslated leaders of bacterial mrnas that directly sense the levels of specific metabolites with a structurally conserved aptamer domain to regulate expression of downstream genes. riboswitches are most common in the genomes of low gc gram-positive bacteria (for example, bacillus subtilis contains examples of all known riboswitches), and some riboswitch classes seem to be restricted to this group. | 2005 | 16086852 |
| establishment of a spf colony of human apo(a) transgenic rabbits by frozen-thawed embryo transfer. | in the present study, embryo transfer was performed using frozen-thawed embryos to establish a spf colony of human apolipoprotein (a) (apo(a)) transgenic rabbits. apo(a) transgenic rabbits were kept under conventional condition and were infected with bordetella bronchiseptica. embryos at the morula stage were collected and stored in liquid nitrogen. after thawing, the in vitro survival rate was 84.6%, and 125 morphologically normal embryos were transferred to 6 spf recipient rabbits. four rabbit ... | 2005 | 16093649 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa rhamnolipids disperse bordetella bronchiseptica biofilms. | we have previously reported that the respiratory pathogen bordetella bronchiseptica can form biofilms in vitro. in this report, we demonstrate the disruption of b. bronchiseptica biofilms by rhamnolipids secreted from pseudomonas aeruginosa. this suggests that biosurfactants such as rhamnolipids may be utilized as antimicrobial agents for removing bordetella biofilms. | 2005 | 16098688 |
| cytochrome c maturation and the physiological role of c-type cytochromes in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae lives in different habitats, varying from aquatic ecosystems to the human intestinal tract. the organism has acquired a set of electron transport pathways for aerobic and anaerobic respiration that enable adaptation to the various environmental conditions. we have inactivated the v. cholerae ccme gene, which is required for cytochrome c biogenesis. the resulting strain is deficient of all c-type cytochromes and allows us to characterize the physiological role of these proteins. u ... | 2005 | 16109941 |
| comparative analyses of fundamental differences in membrane transport capabilities in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. | whole-genome transporter analyses have been conducted on 141 organisms whose complete genome sequences are available. for each organism, the complete set of membrane transport systems was identified with predicted functions, and classified into protein families based on the transporter classification system. organisms with larger genome sizes generally possessed a relatively greater number of transport systems. in prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes, the significant factor in the increase in ... | 2005 | 16118665 |
| performances of vitek 2 colorimetric cards for identification of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the new vitek 2 identification cards that use colorimetric reading to identify gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (gp and gn cards, respectively) in comparison to fluorimetric cards (id-gpc and id-gnb, respectively). a total of 580 clinical isolates and stock collection strains belonging to 116 taxa were included in the study. of the 249 gram-positive strains tested with both the id-gpc and gp cards, 218 (87.5%) and 235 (94.4%) strains were correct ... | 2005 | 16145083 |
| structure and sequence conservation of hao cluster genes of autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: evidence for their evolutionary history. | comparison of the organization and sequence of the hao (hydroxylamine oxidoreductase) gene clusters from the gammaproteobacterial autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacterium (aaob) nitrosococcus oceani and the betaproteobacterial aaob nitrosospira multiformis and nitrosomonas europaea revealed a highly conserved gene cluster encoding the following proteins: hao, hydroxylamine oxidoreductase; orf2, a putative protein; cyca, cytochrome c(554); and cycb, cytochrome c(m)(552). the deduced protein sequen ... | 2005 | 16151127 |
| mode of action of the bordetella bvga protein: transcriptional activation and repression of the bordetella bronchiseptica bipa promoter. | the bordetella bvgas signal transduction system controls the transition among at least three known phenotypic phases (bvg+, bvg(i), and bvg-) and the expression of a number of genes which have distinct phase-specific expression profiles. this complex regulation of gene expression along the bvg signaling continuum is best exemplified by the gene bipa, which is expressed at a low level in the bvg+ phase, at a maximal level in the bvg(i) phase, and at undetectable levels in the bvg- phase. the bipa ... | 2005 | 16159761 |
| a genome-wide screen identifies a bordetella type iii secretion effector and candidate effectors in other species. | bordetella bronchiseptica utilizes a type iii secretion system (ttss) for induction of non-apoptotic cytotoxicity in host cells and modulation of host immunity. the identity of bordetella ttss effectors, however, has remained elusive. here we report a genome-wide screen for ttss effectors based on shared biophysical and functional characteristics of class i chaperones and their frequent colocalization with ttss effectors. when applied to b. bronchiseptica, the screen identified the first ttss ch ... | 2005 | 16164564 |
| diversity in domain architectures of ser/thr kinases and their homologues in prokaryotes. | ser/thr/tyr kinases (styks) commonly found in eukaryotes have been recently reported in many bacterial species. recent studies elucidating their cellular functions have established their roles in bacterial growth and development. however functions of a large number of bacterial styks still remain elusive. the organisation of domains in a large dataset of bacterial styks has been investigated here in order to recognise variety in domain combinations which determine functions of bacterial styks. | 2005 | 16171520 |
| bordetella type iii secretion modulates dendritic cell migration resulting in immunosuppression and bacterial persistence. | chronic bacterial infection reflects a balance between the host immune response and bacterial factors that promote colonization and immune evasion. bordetella bronchiseptica uses a type iii secretion system (ttss) to persist in the lower respiratory tract of mice. we hypothesize that colonization is facilitated by bacteria-driven modulation of dendritic cells (dcs), which leads to an immunosuppressive adaptive host response. migration of dcs to the draining lymph nodes of the respiratory tract w ... | 2005 | 16177111 |
| identification of new secreted effectors in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | a common theme in bacterial pathogenesis is the secretion of bacterial products that modify cellular functions to overcome host defenses. gram-negative bacterial pathogens use type iii secretion systems (ttsss) to inject effector proteins into host cells. the genes encoding the structural components of the type iii secretion apparatus are conserved among bacterial species and can be identified by sequence homology. in contrast, the sequences of secreted effector proteins are less conserved and a ... | 2005 | 16177297 |
| the type iii secretion system and cytotoxic enterotoxin alter the virulence of aeromonas hydrophila. | many gram-negative bacteria use a type iii secretion system (ttss) to deliver effector proteins into host cells. here we report the characterization of a ttss chromosomal operon from the diarrheal isolate ssu of aeromonas hydrophila. we deleted the gene encoding aeromonas outer membrane protein b (aopb), which is predicted to be involved in the formation of the ttss translocon, from wild-type (wt) a. hydrophila as well as from a previously characterized cytotoxic enterotoxin gene (act)-minus str ... | 2005 | 16177316 |
| clearance of bordetella parapertussis from the lower respiratory tract requires humoral and cellular immunity. | bordetella parapertussis and bordetella pertussis are closely related species that cause whooping cough, an acute, immunizing disease. their coexistence in the same host populations at the same time and vaccine studies showing that b. pertussis vaccines have little effect on b. parapertussis infection or disease suggest that the protective immunity induced by each does not efficiently cross protect against the other. although the mechanisms of protective immunity to b. pertussis have been well s ... | 2005 | 16177324 |
| streptococcus iniae phosphoglucomutase is a virulence factor and a target for vaccine development. | streptococcus iniae represents a major health and economic problem in fish species worldwide. random tn917 mutagenesis and high-throughput screening in a hybrid striped bass (hsb) model of meningoencephalitis identified attenuated s. iniae mutants. the tn917 insertion in one mutant disrupted an s. iniae homologue of a phosphoglucomutase (pgm) gene. electron microscopy revealed a decrease in capsule thickness and cell wall rigidity, with deltapgm mutant cells reaching sizes approximately 3-fold l ... | 2005 | 16177373 |
| current and developing technologies for monitoring agents of bioterrorism and biowarfare. | recent events have made public health officials acutely aware of the importance of rapidly and accurately detecting acts of bioterrorism. because bioterrorism is difficult to predict or prevent, reliable platforms to rapidly detect and identify biothreat agents are important to minimize the spread of these agents and to protect the public health. these platforms must not only be sensitive and specific, but must also be able to accurately detect a variety of pathogens, including modified or previ ... | 2005 | 16223949 |
| differentiation of regions with atypical oligonucleotide composition in bacterial genomes. | complete sequencing of bacterial genomes has become a common technique of present day microbiology. thereafter, data mining in the complete sequence is an essential step. new in silico methods are needed that rapidly identify the major features of genome organization and facilitate the prediction of the functional class of orfs. we tested the usefulness of local oligonucleotide usage (ou) patterns to recognize and differentiate types of atypical oligonucleotide composition in dna sequences of ba ... | 2005 | 16225667 |
| bordetella bronchiseptica flagellin is a proinflammatory determinant for airway epithelial cells. | motility is an important virulence phenotype for many bacteria, and flagellin, the monomeric component of flagella, is a potent proinflammatory factor. of the three bordetella species, bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis are nonmotile human pathogens, while bordetella bronchiseptica expresses flagellin and causes disease in animals and immunocompromised human hosts. the bvgas two-component signal transduction system regulates phenotypic-phase transition (bvg+, bvg-, and bvg(i)) in ... | 2005 | 16239555 |
| [cloning and analysis of genes encoding 2-naphthoate monooxygenase and nadh:flavin oxidoreductase]. | in burkholderia sp. jt1500, a key step of 2-naphthoate biodegradation pathway is carried out by 2-naphthoate monooxygenase (nmo) in which 2-naphthoate is oxidized to 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate. a gene cluster of 4.8kb from burkholderia sp. jt1500 was cloned and sequenced, four open reading frames named orfb, orfc, orfd and orfa were identified in this region. sequence alignment showed that orfa had a high homology of nucleotide acid composition to monooxygenase genes from both japonicum usda 110 and ... | 2005 | 16245870 |
| serological characterization of haemophilus parasuis isolates from china. | from september 2002 to december 2004, a total of 281 strains of haemophilus parasuis were isolated from 17 provinces of china. all these isolates were serotyped by both the gel diffusion (gd) and the indirect haemagglutination (iha) tests. by combining the gd and iha results, serovar 4 (24.2%) and serovar 5 (19.2%) were the most prevalent serovars, followed by serovars 13 (12.5%), 14 (7.1%) and 12 (6.8%), while 12.1% of the isolates could not be assigned to a serovar (nontypable). a comparison o ... | 2005 | 16271834 |
| the alternative sigma factor algt represses pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellum biosynthesis by inhibiting expression of fleq. | pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a serious risk in individuals suffering from cystic fibrosis (cf). strains colonizing the cf lung are generally motile but frequently convert to a nonmotile phenotype as the disease progresses. in many cases, this is coordinately regulated with the overproduction of the exopolysaccharide alginate. both the expression of alginate (mucoidy) and the loss of flagellum synthesis may provide the bacterium with a selective advantage in the cf lung. previously published data ... | 2005 | 16291668 |
| comparative toll-like receptor 4-mediated innate host defense to bordetella infection. | bordetella pertussis, b. parapertussis, and b. bronchiseptica are closely related species associated with respiratory disease in humans and other mammals. while b. bronchiseptica has a wide host range, b. pertussis and b. parapertussis evolved separately from a b. bronchiseptica-like progenitor to naturally infect only humans. despite very different doubling times in vitro, all three establish similar levels of infection in the mouse lung within 72 h. recent work has revealed separate roles for ... | 2005 | 16299309 |
| interferon-inducible protein 10, but not monokine induced by gamma interferon, promotes protective type 1 immunity in murine klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia. | cxc chemokines that lack the elr motif, including interferon-inducible protein 10 [ip-10 (cxcl10)] and monokine induced by gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) [mig (cxcl9)], have been shown to mediate the generation of type 1 immune responses. in this study, we found that intrapulmonary administration of the gram-negative bacterium klebsiella pneumoniae resulted in the local and systemic expression of ip-10, followed sequentially by mig expression. mig mrna expression in the lungs of klebsiella-infecte ... | 2005 | 16299319 |
| whole-genome analyses of speciation events in pathogenic brucellae. | despite their high dna identity and a proposal to group classical brucella species as biovars of brucella melitensis, the commonly recognized brucella species can be distinguished by distinct biochemical and fatty acid characters, as well as by a marked host range (e.g., brucella suis for swine, b. melitensis for sheep and goats, and brucella abortus for cattle). here we present the genome of b. abortus 2308, the virulent prototype biovar 1 strain, and its comparison to the two other human patho ... | 2005 | 16299333 |
| the complex mechanism of antibody-mediated clearance of bordetella from the lungs requires tlr4. | although the antibacterial effects of abs are well studied in in vitro systems, the in vivo effects of abs cannot always be accurately predicted. complicated cross-talk between different effector functions of abs and various arms of the immune system can affect their activities in vivo. using the mouse respiratory pathogen bordetella bronchiseptica, we examined the mechanisms of ab-mediated clearance of bacteria from the respiratory tract. interestingly, although tlr4 was not necessary for prote ... | 2005 | 16301658 |
| a cysteine protease inhibitor protects dogs from cardiac damage during infection by trypanosoma cruzi. | cruzain is an essential cysteine protease of trypanosoma cruzi and a therapeutic target for chagas' disease. eight dogs were infected with t. cruzi; three were treated with an inhibitor of cruzain, k777, for 14 days. treatment with k777 abrogated myocardial damage by t. cruzi, as documented by histopathological lesion scores and serum troponin i levels. | 2005 | 16304193 |
| 1h, 13c, and 15n resonance assignments for the protein coded by gene locus bb0938 of bordetella bronchiseptica. | 2005 | 16331425 | |
| respiratory pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage in a puerto rican population infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | to describe the respiratory pathogens found in the bronchoalveolar lavage of a puerto rican population infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 2005 | 16331860 |
| in-house nucleic acid amplification assays in research: how much quality control is needed before one can rely upon the results? | 2005 | 16333064 | |
| [the role of bordetella bronchiseptica in prevention of sneezing disease in two animal shelters]. | 2005 | 16335150 | |
| comparative genomic analyses of the bacterial phosphotransferase system. | we report analyses of 202 fully sequenced genomes for homologues of known protein constituents of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (pts). these included 174 bacterial, 19 archaeal, and 9 eukaryotic genomes. homologues of pts proteins were not identified in archaea or eukaryotes, showing that the horizontal transfer of genes encoding pts proteins has not occurred between the three domains of life. of the 174 bacterial genomes (136 bacterial species) analyzed, ... | 2005 | 16339738 |
| bordetella filamentous hemagglutinin plays a critical role in immunomodulation, suggesting a mechanism for host specificity. | bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of the acute childhood respiratory disease whooping cough, is a human-adapted variant of bordetella bronchiseptica, which displays a broad host range and typically causes chronic, asymptomatic infections. these pathogens express a similar but not identical surface-exposed and secreted protein called filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) that has been proposed to function as both a primary adhesin and an immunomodulator. to test the hypothesis that fha plays an ... | 2005 | 16339899 |
| pk and pk/pd of doxycycline in drinking water after therapeutic use in pigs. | a commercial doxycycline formulation was administered in drinking water to 12 pigs at the recommended dose of 10 mg/kg daily for 5 days. the mean plasma concentration at steady-state was 1.37 +/- 1.21 microg/ml, which was reached at 68 +/- 27.2 h postadministration. absorption and elimination half-life values were 7.20 +/- 2.42 and 7.01 +/- 2.10 h, respectively. most plasma concentrations during dosing were higher than the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) described for the main porcine b ... | 2005 | 16343284 |
| identification of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in soil by reverse sample genome probing. | bacteria with limited genomic cross-hybridization were isolated from soil contaminated with c5+, a mixture of hydrocarbons, and identified by partial 16s rrna sequencing. filters containing denatured genomic dnas were used in a reverse sample genome probe (rsgp) procedure for analysis of the effect of an easily degradable compound (toluene) and a highly recalcitrant compound (dicyclopentadiene [dcpd]) on community composition. hybridization with labeled total-community dna isolated from soil exp ... | 1998 | 16349504 |
| autoinducer 2 controls biofilm formation in escherichia coli through a novel motility quorum-sensing regulator (mqsr, b3022). | the cross-species bacterial communication signal autoinducer 2 (ai-2), produced by the purified enzymes pfs (nucleosidase) and luxs (terminal synthase) from s-adenosylhomocysteine, directly increased escherichia coli biofilm mass 30-fold. continuous-flow cells coupled with confocal microscopy corroborated these results by showing the addition of ai-2 significantly increased both biofilm mass and thickness and reduced the interstitial space between microcolonies. as expected, the addition of ai-2 ... | 2006 | 16352847 |