Publications

current status and prospective application of stem cell-based therapies for spinal cord injury.	spinal cord injuries (scis) are a common form of trauma that leaves a huge trail of morbidity and human suffering in its wake. they occur mostly among the young, causing severe physical, psychological, social and economic burdens. the treatment of this condition has rather been disappointing; most of the management strategies being mainly supportive and prophylactic. in recent years there has been an emerging interest in the use of stem cells to regenerate the nervous tissue that has been damage ...	2011	21190537
modeling of in-vehicle pm(2.5) exposure using the stochastic human exposure and dose simulation model.	factors that influence in-vehicle pm(2.5) exposure are indentified and assessed. the methodology used in the current version of stochastic exposure and dose simulation model for particulate matter (sheds-pm) for in-vehicle pm(2.5) concentration is reviewed, and alternative modeling approaches are identified and evaluated. sheds-pm uses a linear regression model to estimate in-vehicle pm(2.5) concentration based on ambient pm(2.5) concentration, such as from a fixed site monitor (fsm) or a grid c ...	2009	21209848
dynamics of sleep-wake cyclicity at night across the human lifespan.	studies in adult mammals (rats, cats, mice, and humans) have revealed a surprising regularity in the duration of sleep and wake bouts. in particular, wake bout durations exhibit a power-law distribution whereas sleep bout durations exhibit an exponential distribution. moreover, in rodents, sleep bouts exhibit an exponential distribution at all ages examined, whereas wake bout durations exhibit exponential distributions early in ontogeny with a clear power-law emerging only at the older ages. thu ...	2010	21212828
ecological aspects of the chernobyl nuclear plant disaster.	the partial meltdown of the 1000mw reactor in chernobyl and the massive release of radionuclides into the environment is the first large-scale contamination of a geographically significant area by a power-generating civilian nuclear plant. it will have a long term effect on the human population, agriculture and the environment. previous cases of accidental contamination of the environment on such a scale were connected with the disposal of reprocessed nuclear waste or the release of radioactivit ...	1986	21227774
blue-enriched office light competes with natural light as a zeitgeber.	circadian regulation of human physiology and behavior (eg, body temperature or sleep-timing), depends on the "zeitgeber" light that synchronizes them to the 24-hour day. this study investigated the effect of changing light temperature at the workplace from 4000 kelvin (k) to 8000 k on sleep-wake and activity-rest behavior.	2011	21246176
orexins/hypocretins increase the promoter activity of selective steroidogenic enzymes.	orexins (hypocretins) regulate multiple physiological functions, including central regulation of energy homeostasis and sleep-wake behavior but also peripheral hormonal actions. recent data suggest specific effects of orexins at adrenal glands. to further assess the mechanism by which orexins regulate steroidogenesis we analyzed the effect of orexin a and b on the transcriptional activity of the luciferase reporter gene driven by the human steroid 21-hydroxylase (cyp21), 3ß-hydroxysteroid dehydr ...	2011	21256172
pimavanserin tartrate, a 5-ht(2a) receptor inverse agonist, increases slow wave sleep as measured by polysomnography in healthy adult volunteers.	determine the effects of pimavanserin tartrate [acp-103; n-(4-flurophenylmethyl)-n-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-n'-(4-(2-methylpropyloxy)phenylmethyl)carbamide], a selective serotonin 5-ht(2a) receptor inverse agonist, on slow wave sleep (sws), other sleep parameters, and attention/vigilance.	2011	21256805
model-based human circadian phase estimation using a particle filter.	we present a method for tracking an individual's circadian phase that integrates dynamic models of circadian physiology with physiological measurements in a bayesian statistical framework. a model of the circadian pacemaker's response to light exposure is transformed into a nonlinear state-space model with a circadian phase state. the probability distribution of the circadian phase is estimated by a particle filter that predicts changes over time based on the model, and performs updates with inf ...	2011	21257371
sleep and fatigue in mice infected with murine gammaherpesvirus 68.	fatigue, a common symptom of many acute and chronic medical conditions, reduces both quality of life and workplace productivity and can be disabling. however, the pathophysiologic mechanisms that underlie fatigue can be difficult to study in human populations due to the patient heterogeneity, the variety of underlying causes and potential triggering events, and an inability to collect samples that may be essential to elucidation of mechanisms (e.g., brain). although the etiology of chronic fatig ...	2011	21272632
sleep selectively enhances memory expected to be of future relevance.	the brain encodes huge amounts of information, but only a small fraction is stored for a longer time. there is now compelling evidence that the long-term storage of memories preferentially occurs during sleep. however, the factors mediating the selectivity of sleep-associated memory consolidation are poorly understood. here, we show that the mere expectancy that a memory will be used in a future test determines whether or not sleep significantly benefits consolidation of this memory. human subje ...	2011	21289163
progesterone prevents sleep disturbances and modulates gh, tsh, and melatonin secretion in postmenopausal women.	a number of neuroactive progesterone metabolites produce sedative-like effects. however, the effects of progesterone administration on sleep are not well characterized.	2011	21289261
maternal mortality	at the close of the last century, sub-saharan africa still had high maternal morbidity and mortality rates, with the goals of safe motherhood eluding many governments. the programme of action of the international conference on population and development of 1994 and the fourth world conference on women of 1995 were created in an attempt to tackle these issues and drew unprecedented attention to reproductive health and rights as well as to gender equity and equality. the scourge of the human immun ...	2006	21290649
slow eye movement as a possible predictor of reaction delays to auditory warning alarms in a drowsy state.	in recently developed intelligent vehicles, warning alarms are often used to prompt avoidance behaviours from drivers facing imminent hazardous situations. however, when critical reaction delays to auditory stimulation are anticipated, the alarm should be activated earlier to compensate for such delays. it was found that reaction times to an auditory stimulus significantly increased in the presence of slow eye movement (sem), which is known to occur frequently during the wake-sleep transition. t ...	2011	21294012
neuromedin u(2) receptor signaling mediates alteration of sleep-wake architecture in rats.	growing evidence indicates that neuromedin u (nmu) neuropeptide system plays an integral role in mediating the stress response through the corticotrophin-releasing factor (crf) pathways. stress is often associated with alteration in sleep-wake architecture both in human and laboratory animals. here, we investigated whether activation of the nmu2 receptor, a major high affinity receptor for nmu predominantly expressed in the brain, affects sleep behavior in rats. effects of single (acute) intrace ...	2011	21296417
characterization of pharmacological and wake-promoting properties of the dopaminergic stimulant sydnocarb in rats.	sydnocarb is a psychomotor stimulant structurally similar to d-amphetamine (d-amph) and is used in russia for the treatment of a variety of neuropsychiatric comorbidities. the nature of sydnocarb-induced facilitation of dopamine (da) neurotransmission [da release versus da transporter (dat) inhibition] is not clear. the present study characterized the pharmacological actions and behavioral effects of intraperitoneal sydnocarb in male sprague-dawley rats. where relevant, comparisons were made wit ...	2011	21300706
transmission of new crf07_bc strains with 7 amino acid deletion in gag p6.	a 7 amino acid deletion in gag p6 (p6delta7) emerged in chinese prevalent hiv-1 strain crf07_bc from different epidemic regions. it is important to determine whether this mutation could be transmitted and spread. in this study, hiv-1 gag sequences from 5 different epidemic regions in china were collected to trace the transmission linkage and to analyze genetic evolution of p6delta7 strains. the sequence analysis demonstrated that p6delta7 is a crf07_bc specific deletion, different p6delta7 strai ...	2011	21306651
germination and outgrowth of spores of bacillus cereus group members: diversity and role of germinant receptors.	bacillus cereus is a gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, endospore-forming toxicogenic human pathogen. endospores are highly specialized, metabolically dormant cell types that are resistant to extreme environmental conditions, including heat, dehydration and other physical stresses. b. cereus can enter a range of environments, and can in its spore form, survive harsh conditions. if these conditions become favorable, spores can germinate and grow out and reach considerable numbers in a range of ...	2010	21315974
respiratory regulation in narcolepsy.	introduction: narcolepsy is a debilitating sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy and intrusive rem sleep. deficits in endogenous orexins are a major pathogenic component of the disease. this disorder is also associated with the gene marker, hladqb1*0602. an increased prevalence of sleep apnea in narcolepsy suggested interactions among ventilatory chemosensitivity, narcolepsy-cataplexy, and sleep apnea. results: evidence from animal studies using orexin knockout ...	2011	21318258
casein kinase 1-dependent phosphorylation of familial advanced sleep phase syndrome-associated residues controls period 2 stability.	the mammalian circadian clock component period2 (per2) plays a critical role in circadian rhythm entrainment. recently, a missense mutation at a putative phosphorylation site in hper2, ser-662, was identified in patients that suffer from familial advanced sleep phase syndrome (fasps). patients with fasps display abnormal sleep-wake patterns characterized by a lifelong pattern of sleep onset in the early evening and offset in the early morning. although the phosphorylation of per2 is strongly imp ...	2011	21324900
anthropogenic greenhouse gas contribution to flood risk in england and wales in autumn 2000.	interest in attributing the risk of damaging weather-related events to anthropogenic climate change is increasing. yet climate models used to study the attribution problem typically do not resolve the weather systems associated with damaging events such as the uk floods of october and november 2000. occurring during the wettest autumn in england and wales since records began in 1766, these floods damaged nearly 10,000 properties across that region, disrupted services severely, and caused insured ...	2011	21331040
bench tests of simple, handy ventilators for pandemics: performance, autonomy, and ergonomy.	it has been pointed out that in the wake of a virulent flu strain, patients with survivable illness will die from lack of resources unless more ventilators are made available. numerous disaster-type ventilators are available, but few evaluations have been performed.	2011	21333059
post-conflict health reconstruction: search for a policy.	despite increasing experience in health reconstruction in societies emerging from conflict, the policy basis for investing in the development of equitable and effective health systems in the wake of war remains unsettled.(1) consideration of post-conflict health reconstruction is almost entirely absent in donor policies on global health. practically by default, health programmes are seen increasingly as an element of stabilisation and security interventions in the aftermath of armed conflict. th ...	2011	21371088
wake deterioration and sleep restoration of human learning.		2011	21377092
rapid global expansion of invertebrate fisheries: trends, drivers, and ecosystem effects.	worldwide, finfish fisheries are receiving increasing assessment and regulation, slowly leading to more sustainable exploitation and rebuilding. in their wake, invertebrate fisheries are rapidly expanding with little scientific scrutiny despite increasing socio-economic importance.	2011	21408090
rhythmic diurnal gene expression in human adipose tissue from individuals who are lean, overweight, and type 2 diabetic.	previous animal studies suggest a functional relationship between metabolism, type 2 diabetes, and the amplitude of daily rhythms in white adipose tissue (wat). however, data interpretation is confounded by differences in genetic background and diet or limited sampling points. we have taken the novel approach of analyzing serial human wat biopsies across a 24-h cycle in controlled laboratory conditions.	2011	21411511
learning from the 2009 h1n1 pandemic: prospects for more broadly effective influenza vaccines.	calls to develop a universal influenza vaccine have increased in the wake of the 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic. this demand comes at a time when analyses of the human antibody repertoire, informed by structures of complexes between broadly neutralizing antibodies and influenza hemagglutinin, have revealed the target of a class of broadly neutralizing antibodies. recent studies suggest a path forward to more broadly protective influenza vaccines.	2011	21430014
from 'beastly philosophy' to medical genetics: eugenics in russia and the soviet union.	this essay offers an overview of the three distinct periods in the development of russian eugenics: imperial (1900-1917), bolshevik (1917-1929), and stalinist (1930-1939). began during the imperial era as a particular discourse on the issues of human heredity, diversity, and evolution, in the early years of the bolshevik rule eugenics was quickly institutionalized as a scientific discipline--complete with societies, research establishments, and periodicals--that aspired an extensive grassroots f ...	2011	21466003
polysomnography as a diagnosis and post-treatment follow-up tool in human african trypanosomiasis: a case study in an infant.	gambian (trypanosoma brucei gambiense) human african trypanosomiasis (hat) evolves from the hemolymphatic stage 1, treated with pentamidine, to the meningoencephalitic stage 2, often treated with melarsoprol. this arseniate may provoke a deadly reactive encephalopathy. it is therefore crucial to diagnose precisely the stages of hat, especially when clinical and biological examinations are doubtful. we present here the case of a 30-month old girl (e20 kolng) diagnosed with stage 1 hat during a fi ...	2011	21470639
the validity, reliability, and utility of the ibutton® for measurement of body temperature circadian rhythms in sleep/wake research.	objective: changes in core body temperature due to heat transfer through the skin have a major influence on sleep regulation. traditional measures of skin temperature are often complicated by extensive wiring and are not practical for use in normal living conditions. this review describes studies examining the reliability, validity and utility of the ibutton®, a wireless peripheral thermometry device, in sleep/wake research. methods: a review was conducted of english language literature on the i ...	2011	21470909
promotion of sleep by suvorexant-a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist.	abstract: orexins/hypocretins are key neuropeptides responsible for regulating central arousal and reward circuits. two receptors respond to orexin signaling, orexin 1 receptor (ox(1)r) and orexin 2 receptor (ox(2)r) with partially overlapping nervous system distributions. genetic studies suggest orexin receptor antagonists could be therapeutic for insomnia and other disorders with disruptions of sleep and wake. suvorexant (mk-4305) is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable antagonist of o ...	2011	21473737
burden of musculoskeletal disease and nonbattle nontraumatic injury in both war and disaster zones.	disasters, both man-made and natural, are a known cause of morbidity and mortality among vulnerable populations. the initial phase of public health response typically addresses immediate traumatic injury or death in the wake of a disaster. however, little is known about the magnitude and cost of subsequent nontraumatic injury and illness in disaster zones. known as ``the hidden epidemic,'' the incidence and epidemiology of disease and nonbattle injuries among military service members in deployed ...	2011	21477529
serum factors in older individuals change cellular clock properties.	human aging is accompanied by dramatic changes in daily sleep-wake behavior: activity shifts to an earlier phase, and the consolidation of sleep and wake is disturbed. although this daily circadian rhythm is brain-controlled, its mechanism is encoded by cell-autonomous circadian clocks functioning in nearly every cell of the body. in fact, human clock properties measured in peripheral cells such as fibroblasts closely mimic those measured physiologically and behaviorally in the same subjects. to ...	2011	21482780
regulation of mitochondrial metabolism: yet another facet in the biology of the oncoprotein bcl-2.	the bcl-2 (bcl is b-cell lymphocytic-leukaemia proto-oncogene) family comprises two groups of proteins with distinct functional biology in cell-fate signalling. bcl-2 protein was the first member to be discovered and associated with drug resistance in human lymphomas. since then a host of other proteins such as bcl-xl, bcl-2a1 and mcl-1 with similar anti-apoptotic functions have been identified. in contrast, the pro-apoptotic bcl-2 proteins contain prototypic effector proteins such as bax and ba ...	2011	21486225
orexin gene transfer into zona incerta neurons suppresses muscle paralysis in narcoleptic mice.	cataplexy, a sudden unexpected muscle paralysis, is a debilitating symptom of the neurodegenerative sleep disorder, narcolepsy. during these attacks, the person is paralyzed, but fully conscious and aware of their surroundings. to identify potential neurons that might serve as surrogate orexin neurons to suppress such attacks, the gene for orexin (hypocretin), a peptide lost in most human narcoleptics, was delivered into the brains of the orexin-ataxin-3 transgenic mouse model of human narcoleps ...	2011	21508228
can light make us bright? effects of light on cognition and sleep.	light elicits robust nonvisual effects on numerous physiological and behavioral variables, such as the human sleep-wake cycle and cognitive performance. light effects crucially rely on properties such as dose, duration, timing, and wavelength. recently, the use of methods such as fmri to assess light effects on nonvisual brain responses has revealed how light can optimize brain function during specific cognitive tasks, especially in tasks of sustained attention. in this chapter, we address two m ...	2011	21531248
quantification of behavior sackler colloquium: sex difference in the near-24-hour intrinsic period of the human circadian timing system.	the circadian rhythms of melatonin and body temperature are set to an earlier hour in women than in men, even when the women and men maintain nearly identical and consistent bedtimes and wake times. moreover, women tend to wake up earlier than men and exhibit a greater preference for morning activities than men. although the neurobiological mechanism underlying this sex difference in circadian alignment is unknown, multiple studies in nonhuman animals have demonstrated a sex difference in circad ...	2011	21536890
sleep and circadian rhythm regulate circulating complement factors and immunoregulatory properties of c5a.	the sleep-wake cycle is characterized by complex interactions among the central nervous, the endocrine and the immune systems. continuous 24-h wakefulness prevents sleep-associated hormone regulation resulting in impaired pro-inflammatory cytokine production. importantly, cytokines and hormones also modulate the complement system, which in turn regulates several adaptive immune responses. however, it is unknown whether sleep affects the activation and the immunoregulatory properties of the compl ...	2011	21539909
a first step towards inferring levels of long-distance dispersal during past expansions.	improving the realism of spatially explicit demographic models is important for better inferring the history of past populations and for understanding the genetic bases of adaptation and speciation. one particular type of demographic event to take into account is long-distance dispersal (ldd). the goals of this study are to explore the impact of various levels of ldd on genetic diversity and to show to what extent ldd levels can be correctly inferred from multilocus data sets using an approximat ...	2010	21565100
international human subject research: taking stock in the wake of the guatemala affair.	the recent unearthing of a us-funded study wherein unknowing guatemalans were exposed to syphilis, gonorrhea, or chancroid sent shock waves throughout the scientific community. prompted by this revelation, the presidential commission for the study of bioethical issues has been convened to determine if current "standards adequately guard the health and well-being of participants in scientific studies supported by the federal government." this communication revisits the statutory and regulatory fr ...	2011	21601011
an unusual cause of 'pleuritic' chest pain.	a 77 year old man presented to a&e with sudden onset left sided chest pain. this chest pain was severe enough to wake him up from sleep in the early hours of the morning. the pain was pleuritic in nature and severe enough to require administration of intravenous morphine. he had a past medical history of ischaemic heart disease (1997), pulmonary embolism (1997), and left sided pnuemothorax (1998). drug history consisted of lansoprazole 30mg od, isosorbide mononitrate 60mg od, nicorandil 10mg bd, ...	2008	21611573
histamine in neurotransmission and brain diseases.	apart from its central role in the mediation of allergic reactions, gastric acid secretion and inflammation in the periphery, histamine serves an important function as a neurotransitter in the central nervous system. the histaminergic neurons originate from the tuberomamillary nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus and send projections to most parts of the brain. the central histamine system is involved in many brain functions such as arousal, control of pituitary hormone secretion, suppression o ...	2010	21618891
effects of light on cognitive brain responses depend on circadian phase and sleep homeostasis.	light is a powerful modulator of cognition through its long-term effects on circadian rhythmicity and direct effects on brain function as identified by neuroimaging. how the direct impact of light on brain function varies with wavelength of light, circadian phase, and sleep homeostasis, and how this differs between individuals, is a largely unexplored area. using functional mri, we compared the effects of 1 minute of low-intensity blue (473 nm) and green light (527 nm) exposures on brain respons ...	2011	21628552
a case of syncope induced in the supine position.	we experienced a reproducible supine syncope followed by upper abdominal pain. a 66-year-old man was transferred to our hospital after an episode of syncope during sleep. he had a history of acute pancreatitis, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, but no history of presyncopal attack. one night, his wife noticed he was snoring abnormally in bed, and he did not respond to her voice until after she tried many times to wake him. the same attack was reproduced three times in the same situation. ...	2011	21629866
sleep after vaccination boosts immunological memory.	sleep regulates immune functions. we asked whether sleep can influence immunological memory formation. twenty-seven healthy men were vaccinated against hepatitis a three times, at weeks 0, 8, and 16 with conditions of sleep versus wakefulness in the following night. sleep was recorded polysomnographically, and hormone levels were assessed throughout the night. vaccination-induced th cell and ab responses were repeatedly monitored for 1 y. compared with the wake condition, sleep after vaccination ...	2011	21632713
as easy as a, b and c: will a, b and c v. ireland be ireland's wake-up call for abortion rights?	this article examines the development of ireland's abortion policy from 1861 to the present day. it explores the reasoning for this policy as well as the inherent problems with this policy. it examines in detail the a, b and c v. ireland judgement and its impact, (if any) on irish abortion law. finally, it discusses the margin of appreciation doctrine used by the european court of human rights in deciding cases of a moral nature.	2011	21644438
sleep paralysis in narcolepsy: more than just a motor dissociative phenomenon?	sleep paralyses are viewed as pure motor phenomena featured by a dissociated state in which rem-related muscle atonia coexists with a wakefulness state of full consciousness. we present a 59-year-old man diagnosed with narcolepsy experiencing sleep paralysis, who failed to establish the boundaries between real experience and dream mentation during the paralysis: the patient's recall was indeed featured by uncertainty between real/unreal and awaken/dreaming. hereby, we suggest that sleep paralysi ...	2011	21647627
melatonin and structurally similar compounds have differing effects on inflammation and mitochondrial function in endothelial cells under conditions mimicking sepsis.	development of organ dysfunction associated with sepsis is due in part to oxidative damage to mitochondria. melatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle and also has potent antioxidant activity. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of melatonin and other structurally related compounds on mitochondrial function, endogenous glutathione (gsh), and control of cytokine expression under conditions mimicking sepsis.	2011	21659405
anatomy of disturbed sleep in pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration.	pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration (ppnd), caused by an n279k mutation of the mapt gene, is 1 of a family of disorders collectively referred to as frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. this study aims to characterize the nature of the sleep disturbance in ppnd and compare these findings to those in other progressive neurological illnesses. pathological findings are also provided.	2011	21681797
relaxin-3 systems in the brain-the first 10 years.	the relaxin-3 gene was identified in 2001 by searching the human genome database for homologues of the relaxin hormone, and was subsequently discovered to encode a highly conserved neuropeptide in mammals and lower species. in the decade since its discovery there have been significant advances in our knowledge of the peptide, including the identification of its cognate receptor (a type 1 g-protein coupled receptor, gpcr135 or rxfp3), an understanding of its structure-activity and associated cell ...	2011	21693186
histamine in neurotransmission and brain diseases.	apart from its central role in the mediation of allergic reactions, gastric acid secretion and inflammation in the periphery, histamine serves an important function as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. the histaminergic neurons originate from the tuberomamillary nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus and send projections to most parts of the brain. the central histamine system is involved in many brain functions such as arousal, control of pituitary hormone secretion, suppression ...	2011	21713693
tongue bite in a patient with tracheostomy after prone position -a case report-.	a 22-year-old man underwent an operation for posterolateral fusion of the lumbar spine at l3-5. he was ventilated via a tracheostomy site in a prone position for 210 minutes. ventilator function and eyeballs were checked periodically. after changing his position to supine for the wake-up test, it was noticed that his tongue was self-inflicted and looked to be cut unless immediate decompression was applied. after several manual attempts to open the mouth failed, anesthesia depth was deepened with ...	2011	21716567
dissociated wake-like and sleep-like electro-cortical activity during sleep.	sleep is traditionally considered a global process involving the whole brain. however, recent studies have shown that sleep depth is not evenly distributed within the brain. sleep disorders, such as sleepwalking, also suggest that eeg features of sleep and wakefulness might be simultaneously present in different cerebral regions. in order to probe the coexistence of dissociated (wake-like and sleep-like) electrophysiological behaviors within the sleeping brain, we analyzed intracerebral electroe ...	2011	21718789
estradiol suppresses recovery of rem sleep following sleep deprivation in ovariectomized female rats.	sleep complaints such as insufficient sleep and insomnia are twice as prevalent in women. symptoms of sleep disruption are often coincident with changes in the gonadal hormone profile across a women's lifespan. data from a number of different species, including humans, non-human primates and rodents strongly implicate a role for gonadal hormones in the modulation of sleep. in female rats, increased levels of circulating estradiol increase wakefulness and reduce sleep in the dark phase. in this s ...	2011	21722658
rem sleep behavior disorder in the marmoset mptp model of early parkinson disease.	sleep problems are a common phenomenon in most neurological and psychiatric diseases. in parkinson disease (pd), for instance, sleep problems may be the most common and burdensome non-motor symptoms in addition to the well-described classical motor symptoms. since sleep disturbances generally become apparent in the disease before motor symptoms emerge, they may represent early diagnostic tools and a means to investigate early mechanisms in pd onset. the sleep disturbance, rem sleep behavior diso ...	2011	21804674
circadian rhythms and mood regulation: insights from pre-clinical models.	affective disorders such as major depression, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder are associated with major disruptions in circadian rhythms. indeed, altered sleep/wake cycles are a critical feature for diagnosis in the dsm iv and several of the therapies used to treat these disorders have profound effects on rhythm length and stabilization in human populations. furthermore, multiple human genetic studies have identified polymorphisms in specific circadian genes associated with the ...	2011	21835596
[kangaroo mother care and conventional care: a review of literature].	low birth weight is one of the major health problems throughout the world. all such neonates can benefit from an effective and efficient human care model - kangaroo mother care. a review of the literature was performed to compare the short and long-term outcome of kangaroo mother care to those of conventional care (incubator). short-term outcome considered heart and breathing frequency, percutaneous oxygen saturation , transcutaneous oxygen pressure , body temperature, sleep-wake cycles, stress ...	2011	21843431
Genetic determination of sleep EEG profiles in healthy humans.	The contribution of slow brain oscillations including delta, theta, alpha, and sigma frequencies (0.5-16 Hz) to the sleep electroencephalography (EEG) is finely regulated by circadian and homeostatic influences, and reflects functional aspects of wakefulness and sleep. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that individual sleep EEG patterns in non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep are heritable traits. More specifically, multiple recordings in the same individuals, ...	2011	21854955
modulation of the brain's functional network architecture in the transition from wake to sleep.	the transition from quiet wakeful rest to sleep represents a period over which attention to the external environment fades. neuroimaging methodologies have provided much information on the shift in neural activity patterns in sleep, but the dynamic restructuring of human brain networks in the transitional period from wake to sleep remains poorly understood. analysis of electrophysiological measures and functional network connectivity of these early transitional states shows subtle shifts in netw ...	2011	21854969
automated sleep scoring in rats and mice using the naive bayes classifier.	we describe a new simple matlab-based method for automated scoring of rat and mouse sleep using the naive bayes classifier. this method is highly sensitive resulting in overall auto-rater agreement of 93%, comparable to an inter-rater agreement between two human scorers (92%), with high sensitivity and specificity values for wake (94% and 96%), nrem sleep (94% and 97%) and rem sleep (89% and 97%) states. in addition to baseline sleep-wake conditions, the performance of the naive bayes classifier ...	2011	21884727
Relaxin-3 null mutation mice display a circadian hypoactivity phenotype.	Characterizing the neurocircuits and neurotransmitters that underlie arousal and circadian sleep/wake patterns is an important goal of neuroscience research, with potential implications for understanding human mental illnesses, such as major depression. Recent anatomical and functional studies suggest that relaxin-3 neurons and their ascending projections contribute to these functions via actions on key cortical, limbic and hypothalamic circuits. This study reports the behavioral phenotype of C5 ...	2011	21899720
synaptic potentiation and sleep need: clues from molecular and electrophysiological studies.	sleep is homeostatically regulated in all species that have been carefully studied. in mammals and birds, the best characterized marker of sleep pressure is slow wave activity (swa), defined as the electroencephalogram (eeg) power between 0.5 and 4 hz during nrem sleep. swa peaks at sleep onset and decreases with time spent asleep, and reflects the synchronous firing of cortical neurons coordinated by an underlying slow oscillation, the fundamental cellular phenomenon of nrem sleep. we have rece ...	2011	21906017
going local: insights from eeg and stereo-eeg studies of the human sleep-wake cycle.	in the present paper, we reviewed a large body of evidence, mainly from quantitative eeg studies of our laboratory, supporting the notion that sleep is a local and use-dependent process. quantitative analyses of sleep eeg recorded from multiple cortical derivations clearly indicate that every sleep phenomenon, from sleep onset to the awakening, is strictly local in nature. sleep onset first occurs in frontal areas, and a frontal predominance of low-frequency power persists in the first part of t ...	2011	21906022
reciprocal interactions between wakefulness and sleep influence global and regional brain activity.	reciprocal interactions between wakefulness and sleep substantially influence human brain function in both states of vigilance. on the one hand, there is evidence that regionally-specialized brain activity during wakefulness is modulated by the interaction between a local use-dependent buildup of homeostatic sleep pressure and circadian signals. on the other hand, brain activity during sleep, although mainly constrained by genuine sleep oscillations, shows wakedependent regionally-specific modul ...	2011	21906024
large-eddy simulation of human-induced contaminant transport in room compartments.	abstract a large-eddy simulation is used to investigate contaminant transport owing to complex human and door motions and vent-system activity in room compartments where a contaminated and clean room are connected by a vestibule. human and door motions are simulated with an immersed boundary procedure. we demonstrate the details of contaminant transport owing to human- and door-motion-induced wake development during a short-duration event involving the movement of a person (or persons) from a c ...	2011	21906177
cellular and network mechanisms of genetically-determined absence seizures.	the absence epilepsies are characterized by recurrent episodes of loss of consciousness associated with generalized spike-and-wave discharges, with an abrupt onset and offset, in the thalamocortical system. in the absence of detailed neurophysiological studies in humans, many of the concepts regarding the pathophysiological basis of absence seizures are based on studies in animal models. each of these models has its particular strengths and limitations, and the validity of findings from these mo ...	2007	21909233
Post-conflict health reconstruction: search for a policy.	Despite increasing experience in health reconstruction in societies emerging from conflict, the policy basis for investing in the development of equitable and effective health systems in the wake of war remains unsettled. Consideration of post-conflict health reconstruction is almost entirely absent in donor policies on global health. Practically by default, health programmes are seen increasingly as an element of stabilisation and security interventions in the aftermath of armed conflict. That ...	2011	21913931
adenosine a1 receptors in the central nervous system: their functions in health and disease, and possible elucidation by pet imaging.	adenosine is a neuromodulator with several functions in the central nervous system (cns), such as inhibition of neuronal activity in many signaling pathways. most of the sedating, anxiolytic, seizure-inhibiting and protective actions of adenosine are mediated by adenosine a1 receptors (a1r) on the surface of neurons and glia. positron emission tomography (pet) is a powerful in vivo imaging tool which can be applied to investigate the physiologic and pathologic roles of a1r in the human brain, an ...	2011	21919845
Revisiting spontaneous internal desynchrony using a quantitative model of sleep physiology.	Early attempts to characterize free-running human circadian rhythms generated three notable results: 1) observed circadian periods of 25 hours (considerably longer than the now established 24.1- to 24.2-hour average intrinsic circadian period) with sleep delayed to later circadian phases than during entrainment; 2) spontaneous internal desynchrony of circadian rhythms and sleep/wake cycles--the former with an approximately 24.9-hour period, and the latter with a longer (28-68 hour) or shorter (1 ...	2011	21921298
the human endogenous circadian system causes greatest platelet activation during the biological morning independent of behaviors.	platelets are involved in the thromboses that are central to myocardial infarctions and ischemic strokes. such adverse cardiovascular events have day/night patterns with peaks in the morning (~9 am), potentially related to endogenous circadian clock control of platelet activation. the objective was to test if the human endogenous circadian system influences (1) platelet function and (2) platelet response to standardized behavioral stressors. we also aimed to compare the magnitude of any effects ...	2011	21931750
wake me up when there's a crisis: progress on state pandemic influenza ethics preparedness.	we assessed the progress since 2005 of state plans for pandemic influenza and found that 7 states had recommended steps to further clarify ethical processes or decisions; 6 states had made some progress but almost exclusively in hospital preparedness. having a high-level public health leader, such as a health department director, committed to ethics was the key determinant of progress. some state health departments may be destined to gain an appreciation for ethics through ethical mishaps.	2011	21940921
synthesis and evaluation of pyridazinone-phenethylamine derivatives as selective and orally bioavailable histamine h3 receptor antagonists with robust wake-promoting activity.	a series of pyridazinone-phenethylamine derivatives with moderate to low nanomolar affinity for rat and human h(3)r are described. these analogs exhibited excellent selectivity and metabolic stability, with acceptable rat pharmacokinetic properties. in vivo, 7 and 11 demonstrated potent h(3)r functional antagonism in the rat dipsogenia model and robust wake-promoting activity in the rat electroencephalogram/electromyography (eeg/emg) model.	2011	21944855
To wake or not to wake? The two-sided nature of the human K-complex.	Sleep fosters performance but likewise renders creatures insensitive to environmental threat. The brain balances between sleep promotion and protection during light sleep. One associated electrophysiological hallmark is the K-complex (KC), the sleep promoting versus arousal inducing role of which is under debate. We examined 37 subjects using EEG-combined fMRI and found KC-associated positive BOLD signal changes in subcortical (brainstem, thalamus), sensory and motor, midline and regions which f ...	2012	21945697
probabilistic sleep architecture models in patients with and without sleep apnea.	sleep fragmentation of any cause is disruptive to the rejuvenating value of sleep. however, methods to quantify sleep architecture remain limited. we have previously shown that human sleep-wake stage distributions exhibit multi-exponential dynamics, which are fragmented by obstructive sleep apnea (osa), suggesting that markov models may be a useful method to quantify architecture in health and disease. sleep stage data were obtained from two subsets of the sleep heart health study database: cont ...	2011	21955148
toll-like receptor 4 is a regulator of monocyte and electroencephalographic responses to sleep loss.	study objectives: sleep loss triggers changes in inflammatory signaling pathways in the brain and periphery. the mechanisms that underlie these changes are ill-defined. the toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) activates inflammatory signaling cascades in response to endogenous and pathogen-associated ligands known to be elevated in association with sleep loss. tlr4 is therefore a possible mediator of some of the inflammation-related effects of sleep loss. here we describe the baseline electroencephalogra ...	2011	21966065
automated extraction of odontocete whistle contours.	many odontocetes produce frequency modulated tonal calls known as whistles. the ability to automatically determine time × frequency tracks corresponding to these vocalizations has numerous applications including species description, identification, and density estimation. this work develops and compares two algorithms on a common corpus of nearly one hour of data collected in the southern california bight and at palmyra atoll. the corpus contains over 3000 whistles from bottlenose dolphins, long ...	2011	21973376
pandemic influenza vaccines - the challenges.	recent years' enzootic spread of highly pathogenic h5n1 virus among poultry and the many lethal zoonoses in its wake has stimulated basic and applied pandemic vaccine research. the quest for an efficacious, affordable and timely accessible pandemic vaccine has been high on the agenda. when a variant h1n1 strain of swine origin emerged as a pandemic virus, it surprised many, as this subtype is well-known to man as a seasonal virus. this review will cover some difficult vaccine questions, such as ...	2009	21994584
CEP-26401 (Irdabisant), a Potent and Selective Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonist/Inverse Agonist with Cognition-Enhancing and Wake-Promoting Activities.	CEP-26401 [irdabisant; 6-{4-[3-((R)-2-methyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-propoxy]-phenyl}-2H-pyridazin-3-one HCl] is a novel, potent histamine H(3) receptor (H(3)R) antagonist/inverse agonist with drug-like properties. High affinity of CEP-26401 for H(3)R was demonstrated in radioligand binding displacement assays in rat brain membranes (K(i) = 2.7 ± 0.3 nM) and recombinant rat and human H(3)R-expressing systems (K(i) = 7.2 ± 0.4 and 2.0 ± 1.0 nM, respectively). CEP-26401 displayed potent antagonist and in ...	2012	22001260
low dose irradiation of thyroid cells reveals a unique transcriptomic and epigenetic signature in ret/ptc-positive cells.	the high doses of radiation received in the wake of the chernobyl incident and the atomic bombing of hiroshima and nagasaki have been linked to the increased appearance of thyroid cancer in the children living in the vicinity of the site. however, the data gathered on the effect of low doses of radiation on the thyroid remain limited. we have examined the genome wide transcriptional response of a culture of tpc-1 human cell line of papillary thyroid carcinoma origin with a ret/ptc1 translocation ...	2011	22027090
effects of intranasal hypocretin-1 (orexin a) on sleep in narcolepsy with cataplexy.	the neuropeptides hypocretin-1 and -2 (hcrt-1 and -2, also known as orexin a and b) are crucially involved in the regulation of sleep/wake states. on the one hand, the sleep-wake disorder narcolepsy can be caused by an hcrt-1 deficiency. on the other, intracerebral administration of hcrt-1 produces an increase in wakefulness at the expense of rem sleep in normal and narcoleptic animals. in humans intranasal administration has been shown to effectively deliver neuropeptides directly to the centra ...	2011	22036605
the pattern of entrainment of the human sleep-wake rhythm by the natural photoperiod in the north.	recently, it was shown that the sleep-wake rhythm of the inhabitants of the temperate zone is entrained to sun time. in the north, significant seasonal changes in the photoperiod may interfere with entrainment of the circadian system to sunlight. this investigation assessed the influence of photoperiod characteristics on the sleep length and sleep-wake rhythm of residents of high latitude. the study was conducted in four towns and six villages located between 59.5?n and 67.6?n latitude between t ...	2011	22080737
ring the bell for matins: circadian adaptation to split sleep by cloistered monks and nuns.	cloistered monks and nuns adhere to a 10-century-old strict schedule with a common zeitgeber of a night split by a 2- to 3-h-long office (matins). the authors evaluated how the circadian core body temperature rhythm and sleep adapt in cloistered monks and nuns in two monasteries. five monks and five nuns following the split-sleep night schedule for 5 to 46 yrs without interruption and 10 controls underwent interviews, sleep scales, and physical examination and produced a week-long sleep diary an ...	2011	22080738
who framework convention on tobacco control and its implementation in south-east asia region.	the birth of the who framework convention on tobacco control (who fctc) took place in response to the global tobacco epidemic and it became the most important global tobacco control instrument. duly recognizing tobacco use as an important public health problem and in the wake of rising prevalence of and mortality related to tobacco use, almost all member states of the south-east asia region signed and ratified the who fctc. following the ratification, member countries have enacted comprehensive ...	2011	22089686
Pharmacological validation of candidate causal sleep genes identified in an N2 cross.	Despite the substantial impact of sleep disturbances on human health and the many years of study dedicated to understanding sleep pathologies, the underlying genetic mechanisms that govern sleep and wake largely remain unknown. Recently, the authors completed large-scale genetic and gene expression analyses in a segregating inbred mouse cross and identified candidate causal genes that regulate the mammalian sleep-wake cycle, across multiple traits including total sleep time, amounts of rapid eye ...	2011	22091728
The bare essentials. Release of LOM report leaves HHS to determine what should be covered by health benefits packages.	In the wake of an IOM report on the criteria HHS should use to determine what benefits will be "essential" under reform, various stakeholders are weighing in. The National Association of Public Hospitals and Health Systems would like "enabling" services--such as language, transportation and case-management services--included, because they help make medical care more effective, says Xiaoyi Huang, left, of the NAPH.	2011	22111491
special section on biomimetics of movement.	movement in biology is an essential aspect of survival for many organisms, animals and plants. implementing movement efficiently to meet specific needs is a key attribute of natural living systems, and can provide ideas for man-made developments. if we had to find a subtitle able to essentially convey the aim of this special section, it could read as follows: 'taking inspiration from nature for new materials, actuators, structures and controls for systems that move'. our world is characterized b ...	2011	22128305
modelling of auditory evoked potentials of human sleep-wake states.	the shape of evoked potentials is influenced by the level of vigilance, varying with sleep-wake states. in this paper the shape of auditory evoked potentials is modelled by taking two factors, both modulating the underlying neuronal substrate, into account: 'sensory gating' and 'neuronal firing mode'. under low levels of vigilance sensory gating reduces the amount of neuronal activity reaching the cortical centres. due to a rise in hyperpolarisations of thalamocortical neurons associated with an ...	2011	22133997
[Selective stimulations and lesions of the rat brain nuclei as the models for research of the human sleep pathology mechanisms].	Many complex behavioral phenomena such as sleep can not be explained without multidisciplinary experimental approach, and complementay approaches in the animal models "in vivo" and human studies. Electrophysiological, pharmacological, anatomical and immunohistochemical techniques, and particularly stereotaxically guided local nanovolume microinjection technique, enable us to selectively stimulate and lesion the brain nuclei or their specific neuronal subpopulation, and to reslove the mechanisms ...	2011	22165729
Dropping dead: causes and consequences of vulture population declines worldwide.	Vultures are nature's most successful scavengers, and they provide an array of ecological, economic, and cultural services. As the only known obligate scavengers, vultures are uniquely adapted to a scavenging lifestyle. Vultures' unique adaptations include soaring flight, keen eyesight, and extremely low pH levels in their stomachs. Presently, 14 of 23 (61%) vulture species worldwide are threatened with extinction, and the most rapid declines have occurred in the vulture-rich regions of Asia and ...	2011	22175274
slow eeg rhythms and inter-hemispheric synchronization across sleep and wakefulness in the human hippocampus.	converging data that attribute a central role to sleep in memory consolidation have increased the interest to understand the characteristics of the hippocampal sleep and their relations with the processing of new information. neural synchronization between different brain regions is thought to be implicated in long-term memory consolidation by facilitating neural communication and by promoting neural plasticity. however, the majority of studies have focused their interest on intra-hippocampal, r ...	2011	22178807
human melatonin and alerting response to blue-enriched light depend on a polymorphism in the clock gene per3.	context:light exposure, particularly at the short-wavelength range, triggers several nonvisual responses in humans. however, the extent to which the melatonin-suppressing and alerting effect of light differs among individuals remains unknown.objective:here we investigated whether blue-enriched polychromatic light impacts differentially on melatonin and subjective and objective alertness in healthy participants genotyped for the period3 (per3) variable-number, tandem-repeat polymorphism.design, s ...	2011	22188742
theory of mind impairments in patients with semantic dementia.	semantic dementia is characterized by semantic deficits and behavioural abnormalities that occur in the wake of bilateral inferolateral and predominantly left-sided anterior temporal lobe atrophy. the temporal poles have been shown to be involved in theory of mind, namely the ability to ascribe cognitive and affective mental states to others that regulates social interactions by predicting and interpreting human behaviour. however, very few studies have examined theory of mind in semantic dement ...	2012	22232593
sertoli cell differentiation in rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) is an early event in puberty and precedes attainment of the adult complement of ndifferentiated permatogonia.	in primates, the time course of sertoli cell proliferation and differentiation during puberty and its relationship to the expansion of undifferentiated type a spermatogonia that occurs at this critical stage of development is poorly defined. mid and late juvenile and early and late pubertal male rhesus monkeys were studied. testes were immersion fixed, embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 5 um. sertoli cell number per testis, s-phase labeling (brdu) and growth fraction (ki67 labeling) were d ...	2012	22232743
circadian preference modulates the neural substrate of conflict processing across the day.	human morning and evening chronotypes differ in their preferred timing for sleep and wakefulness, as well as in optimal daytime periods to cope with cognitive challenges. recent evidence suggests that these preferences are not a simple by-product of socio-professional timing constraints, but can be driven by inter-individual differences in the expression of circadian and homeostatic sleep-wake promoting signals. chronotypes thus constitute a unique tool to access the interplay between those proc ...	2012	22238632
duty periods with early start times restrict the amount of sleep obtained by short-haul airline pilots.	most of the research related to human fatigue in the aviation industry has focussed on long-haul pilots, but short-haul pilots also experience elevated levels of fatigue. the aim of this study was to examine the impact of early start times on the amount of sleep obtained prior to duty and on fatigue levels at the start of duty. seventy short-haul pilots collected data regarding their duty schedule and sleep/wake behaviour for at least two weeks. data were collected using self-report duty/sleep d ...	2012	22239926
the smart patches and wearable band (w-band) for comfortable sleep monitoring system.	the smart patches and wearable band (w-band) are proposed for comfortable sleep monitoring system which recognizes and diagnoses sleep disorders. by using planar fashionable circuit board (p-fcb) techniques, the smart patches are implemented with the plain fabric patch so that it can have light weight and small size. and the stretchability of the w-band can achieve user convenience, low manufacturing cost, and low power consumption all at once. the data display program is developed on the extern ...	2011	22255928