Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| characterization of pseudotype vsv possessing hcv envelope proteins. | the genome of hepatitis c virus (hcv) encodes two envelope glycoproteins (e1 and e2), which are thought to be responsible for receptor binding and membrane fusion resulting in virus penetration. to investigate cell surface determinants important for hcv infection, we used a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in which the glycoprotein gene was replaced with a reporter gene encoding green fluorescent protein (gfp) and produced hcv-vsv pseudotypes possessing chimeric hcv e1 or e2 glycopro ... | 2001 | 11485395 |
| evidence for the presence of two novel pestivirus species. | the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae comprises four species, namely bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (bvdv-1), bvdv-2, border disease virus (bdv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv). comparative analyses of partial sequences have suggested that pestivirus isolates from giraffe (giraffe-1) and reindeer (reindeer-1) are distinct from the established species (becher et al., virology 262, 64--71, 1999). in this study, we report the complete genomic sequences of pestivirus strains giraffe ... | 2001 | 11485413 |
| novel virulence and host range genes of african swine fever virus. | current work is beginning to reveal the complex mechanisms by which african swine fever virus interacts with its swine and tick hosts. this work includes the identification of novel viral genes that mediate virulence and host range, and influence important cellular regulatory pathways. | 2001 | 11495811 |
| characterization of classical swine fever virus associated with defective interfering particles containing a cytopathogenic subgenomic rna isolated from wild boar. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain wb82, isolated from a wild boar in 1982, induced a distinct cytopathic effect (cpe) in primary swine testicle cell culture and in most of the porcine cell lines. this strain of csfv was found to be composed of two biotypes. cytopathogenic (cp) csfv, as a minor population, and noncytopathogenic (noncp) csfv, as a major population. the noncp csfv (designated strain wb82/e+) was obtained by biological cloning, and it showed the exaltation of newcastle disea ... | 2001 | 11503902 |
| classical swine fever (csf): a historical review of research and vaccine production on the isle of riems. | a review on classical swine fever (csf) research and vaccine production is given about four historical periods (1924-1948, 1949-1969, 1970-1991, since 1992). similar as to research on foot and mouth disease, applied topics as diagnosis, pathogenesis, epidemiology and control represented the csf research over many years. the development of vaccines and application procedures, e.g. oral and aerogenic immunisation and combined vaccines for large pig farms were the prominent investigations between 1 ... | 2001 | 11505796 |
| oral immunisation against classical swine fever (csf): onset and duration of immunity. | in an experimental study, onset and duration of immunity after oral immunisation of pigs with a classical swine fever (csf) live virus vaccine based on the strain "c" has been evaluated. sixteen weaner piglets (group 1) were orally instilled by syringe with the content of one vaccine bait whereas eighteen piglets (group 2) were fed with one bait. six unvaccinated piglets represented the control group (group 3). the pigs having 2, 4, 6 and 10 days post vaccination (p.v.) were challenged with the ... | 2001 | 11506924 |
| mutagenesis of hepatitis c virus e1 protein affects its membrane-permeabilizing activity. | the e1 glycoprotein of hepatitis c virus is a transmembrane glycoprotein with a c-terminal anchor domain. when expressed in escherichia coli, e1 induces a change in membrane permeability that is toxic to the bacterial cell. the c-terminal hydrophobic region (aa 331-383) of e1 is mainly responsible for membrane association and for inducing changes in membrane permeability. these observed changes are similar to those produced in e. coli by influenza virus m2, human immunodeficiency virus gp41 and ... | 2001 | 11514735 |
| evaluation of the potential of dogs, cats and rats to spread classical swine fever virus. | 2001 | 11548961 | |
| a recombinant classical swine fever virus with a marker insertion in the internal ribosome entry site. | based on an infectious cdna clone of classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain alfort/187 (ruggli et al., j virol 70, 3478-3487, 1996) a full-length cdna was constructed harbouring a nonviral 44 base insertion in the internal ribosome entry site (ires) within the 5' nontranslated region (5'ntr) of the genome. genome size rna transcribed in vitro served as a positive control in routine rt-pcr used to detect csfv rna in diagnostic material. unexpectedly this rna proved to be infectious upon transf ... | 2001 | 11556403 |
| attenuated lapinized chinese strain of classical swine fever virus: complete nucleotide sequence and character of 3'-noncoding region. | the complete nucleotide sequence including precise 5'- and 3'-terminal non-coding regions (ncrs) of the attenuated lapinized chinese strain (hclv) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was determined from overlapping cdna clones constructed by separated rt-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) methods. the genomic rna of the hclv strain consists of 12.310 nucleotides (nts) including 374 nts and 242nts in the 5'- and 3'-ncrs, respectively. it contains one large open reading frame (orf) ... | 2001 | 11556404 |
| classical swine fever (csf) marker vaccine. trial i. challenge studies in weaner pigs. | two commercial marker vaccines against classical swine fever virus (csfv) and companion diagnostic tests were examined in 160 conventional pigs. to test the vaccines in a "worst case scenario", group of 10 weaners were vaccinated using a single dose of an e2 (gp55) based vaccine at days -21, -14, -10 or -7, and subsequently challenged at day 0. the challenge virus was csfv 277, originating from a recent outbreak of classical swine fever (csf) in germany. in all groups, only 5 out of 10 pigs were ... | 2001 | 11557151 |
| classical swine fever (csf) marker vaccine. trial ii. challenge study in pregnant sows. | the efficacy of two marker vaccines against classical swine fever (csf) was tested in a large scale laboratory trial in several national swine fever laboratories (nsfl) of the eu member states. the vaccines were: bayovac csf marker (vaccine a) from bayer, leverkusen, germany and porcilis pesti (vaccine b) from intervet, boxmeer, the netherlands. at the nsfl of belgium, the netherlands and germany experiments were carried out to examine the ability of the vaccines to prevent transplacental transm ... | 2001 | 11557152 |
| classical swine fever (csf) marker vaccine. trial iii. evaluation of discriminatory elisas. | the objective of the marker vaccine trial was to test the two available csf marker vaccines in scenarios which are likely to occur in the field and to evaluate the reliability of the discriminatory tests. the evaluation of the discriminatory tests was of special importance because there is no requirement for formal data concerning their performance by the european medicinal products evaluation agency (emea) in london. emea is responsible for the licensing procedure of the marker vaccines within ... | 2001 | 11557153 |
| interaction of classical swine fever virus with membrane-associated heparan sulfate: role for virus replication in vivo and virulence. | passage of native classical swine fever virus (csfv) in cultured swine kidney cells (sk6 cells) selects virus variants that attach to the surface of cells by interaction with membrane-associated heparan sulfate (hs). a ser-to-arg change in the c terminus of envelope glycoprotein e(rns) (amino acid 476 in the open reading frame of csfv) is responsible for selection of these hs-binding virus variants (m. m. hulst, h. g. p. van gennip, and r. j. m. moormann, j. virol. 74:9553-9561, 2000). in this i ... | 2001 | 11559790 |
| african swine fever virus protein p54 interacts with the microtubular motor complex through direct binding to light-chain dynein. | dynein is a minus-end-directed microtubule-associated motor protein involved in cargo transport in the cytoplasm. african swine fever virus (asfv), a large dna virus, hijacks the microtubule motor complex cellular transport machinery during virus infection of the cell through direct binding of virus protein p54 to the light chain of cytoplasmic dynein (lc8). interaction of p54 and lc8 occurs both in vitro and in cells, and the two proteins colocalize at the microtubular organizing center during ... | 2001 | 11559815 |
| an e2 sub-unit marker vaccine does not prevent horizontal or vertical transmission of classical swine fever virus. | an experimental infection with classical swine fever (csf) virus in e2 sub-unit marker vaccine vaccinated gilts was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of vaccination on virus transmission and course of the disease. therefore, clinical signs as well as horizontal and vertical virus transmission were monitored in two inoculated, non-vaccinated and 10 vaccinated conventional gilts, housed in individual sow boxes. within 10 days post-inoculation, all vaccinated gilts became infected. dependin ... | 2001 | 11567750 |
| molecular epidemiology of classical swine fever in italy. | to gain an insight into the molecular epidemiology of classical swine fever (csf) in italy, virus isolates originating from outbreaks that occurred between 1985 and 2000 in wild boar or in domestic pigs in mainland italy and in sardinia were analysed by genetic typing. for this, a fragment (190 nucleotides) of the e2 glycoprotein gene was sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were performed, including older italian isolates and isolates from recent outbreaks in europe for comparison. the results s ... | 2001 | 11574170 |
| morphological and immunohistochemical changes in splenic macrophages of pigs infected with classical swine fever. | classical swine fever (csf) was induced in 20 pigs by inoculation with a virulent strain of csf virus to determine sequential changes (2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 days post-inoculation) in the number and morphology of splenic macrophages (red pulp and lymphoid marginal zone) and thus to assess the role of these cells in the pathogenesis of the disease. the first splenic cells to be infected with csf virus were macrophages in the marginal zone followed by other macrophage populations. the initial phase of ... | 2001 | 11578124 |
| evaluation of diagnostic tests for the detection of classical swine fever in the field without a gold standard. | knowledge of the sensitivity of diagnostic tests for infectious diseases under field conditions can be used to design a surveillance program that increases the effectiveness of the control policy. in this study, the sensitivity of tests for the detection of classical swine fever (csf) virus (csfv) under field conditions was estimated without knowledge of the true disease status of the animals tested. during the csf epidemic of 1997-1998 in the netherlands, tonsil samples from pigs of csf suspect ... | 2001 | 11580058 |
| african swine fever virus infection of porcine aortic endothelial cells leads to inhibition of inflammatory responses, activation of the thrombotic state, and apoptosis. | african swine fever (asf) is an asymptomatic infection of warthogs and bushpigs, which has become an emergent disease of domestic pigs, characterized by hemorrhage, lymphopenia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. it is caused by a large icosohedral double-stranded dna virus, african swine fever virus (asfv), with infection of macrophages well characterized in vitro and in vivo. this study shows that virulent isolates of asfv also infect primary cultures of porcine aortic endothelial cel ... | 2001 | 11581405 |
| erns protein of pestiviruses. | 2001 | 11586914 | |
| factors associated with the introduction of classical swine fever virus into pig herds in the central area of the 1997/98 epidemic in the netherlands. | a matched case-control study of 135 infected and 99 uninfected pig herds from the central area of the 1997 to 1998 epidemic of classical swine fever (csf) in the netherlands was undertaken to identify factors associated with the introduction of the virus. the herds were matched on the basis of herd type and the shortest geographical distance between pairs of herds. data on management, hygienic measures, experiences during the depopulation of an infected nearest neighbour, and the frequency of co ... | 2001 | 11601514 |
| functional properties of a monoclonal antibody inhibiting the hepatitis c virus rna-dependent rna polymerase. | the hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp), represented by nonstructural protein 5b (ns5b), has recently emerged as a promising target for antiviral intervention. here, we describe the isolation, functional characterization, and molecular cloning of a monoclonal antibody (mab) inhibiting the hcv rdrp. this mab, designated 5b-12b7, binds with high affinity to a conformational epitope in the palm subdomain of the hcv rdrp and recognizes native ns5b expressed in the context of ... | 2002 | 11641406 |
| the effect of vaccination with the pav-250 strain classical swine fever (csf) virus on the airborne transmission of csf virus. | the airborne transmission of classical swine fever (csf) virus to susceptible pigs, as well as the effect of vaccination with the csf virus pav-250 strain was investigated on this mode of transmission. experiment i: four pigs were inoculated with the ald csfv strain (10(4.3) 50% tcid) by the intramuscular route, and at the onset of fever, they were introduced into an enclosed chamber. at the end of the experiment surviving pigs were sedated, anesthetized and euthanatized. experiment ii: four pig ... | 2001 | 11642288 |
| phylogenetic comparison of classical swine fever virus in china. | an n-terminal fragment of the e2 gene of classical swine fever (csf) virus encoding major immunogenic sites was amplified by rt-pcr directly from 110 clinical specimens representing 109 epizootic sites during the last decade in china. phylogenetic relationships between these viruses as well as 20 reference strains were determined by comparison of their nucleotide sequences. a phylogenetic tree showed that 103 of the 110 field viruses (93.6%) were clustered within group 2 and subdivided into thre ... | 2001 | 11682122 |
| lipopolysaccharide-induced impairment of classical swine fever virus infection in monocytic cells is sensitive to 2-aminopurine. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) impairs classical swine fever virus (csfv) replication in monocytic cells, which are primary targets for csfv and mediators of virus-induced immunomodulation. although soluble antiviral factors including interferons (ifn) were not detected, ifn-alpha and ifn-beta mrna were induced. the serine threonine protein kinase inhibitor 2-aminopurine, impeded this antiviral activity. these results indicate that the lps-induced antiviral state employs signaling pathways, in which t ... | 2002 | 11684317 |
| solution structure of a viral dna repair polymerase. | dna polymerase x (pol x) from the african swine fever virus (asfv) specifically binds intermediates in the single-nucleotide base-excision repair process, an activity indicative of repair function. in addition, pol x catalyzes dna polymerization with low nucleotide-insertion fidelity. the structural mechanisms by which dna polymerases confer high or low fidelity in dna polymerization remain to be elucidated. the three-dimensional structure of pol x has been determined. unlike other dna polymeras ... | 2001 | 11685238 |
| solution structure of a viral dna polymerase x and evidence for a mutagenic function. | the african swine fever virus dna polymerase x (asfv pol x or pol x), the smallest known nucleotide polymerase, has recently been reported to be an extremely low fidelity polymerase that may be involved in strategic mutagenesis of the viral genome. here we report the solution structure of pol x. the structure, unique within the realm of nucleotide polymerases, consists of only palm and fingers subdomains. despite the absence of a thumb subdomain, which is important for dna binding in other polym ... | 2001 | 11685239 |
| epitope mapping and affinity purification of monospecific antibodies by escherichia coli cell surface display of gene-derived random peptide libraries. | we report a method for the precise mapping of linear epitopes by presenting a peptide library on the surface of escherichia coli cells. a random library of gene fragments derived from the classical swine fever virus (csfv) envelope protein e(rns) was generated by dnase i cleavage and cloned into a specially designed bacterial surface display vector. a carboxyterminally truncated intimin, an adhesin from enteropathogenic e. coli, serves as a carrier protein to present foreign peptides on the surf ... | 2001 | 11687250 |
| the trans golgi network is lost from cells infected with african swine fever virus. | the cellular secretory pathway is important during the assembly and envelopment of viruses and also controls the transport of host proteins, such as cytokines and major histocompatibility proteins, that function during the elimination of viruses by the immune system. african swine fever virus (asfv) encodes at least 26 proteins with stretches of hydrophobic amino acids suggesting entry into the secretory pathway (r. j. yanez, j. m. rodriguez, m. l. nogal, l. yuste, c. enriquez, j. f. rodriguez, ... | 2001 | 11689656 |
| antigenic and immunogenic properties of a chimera of two immunodominant african swine fever virus proteins. | a chimera of the two immunodominant african swine fever (asf) virus proteins p54 and p30 was constructed by insertion of the gene cp204l into a not i restriction site of e183l gene. the resulting chimeric protein p54/30, expressed by a recombinant baculovirus in insect cells and in trichoplusia ni larvae, retained antigenic determinants present in both proteins and reacted in western blot with a collection of sera from inapparent asf virus carrier pigs. remarkably, pigs immunized with the chimer ... | 2001 | 11699955 |
| oral and sub-cutaneous vaccination of commercial pigs with a recombinant porcine adenovirus expressing the classical swine fever virus gp55 gene. | a recombinant porcine adenovirus expressing the classical swine fever virus (csfv) gp55/e2 gene was administered to commercially available pigs via oral or subcutaneous routes and their susceptibility to oral and subcutaneous challenge with csfv was determined. 100% of animals vaccinated and challenged subcutaneously were protected. in the groups of pigs vaccinated either orally or subcutaneously and then challenged orally, 60% of animals were protected. before challenge, neutralising antibodies ... | 2001 | 11699963 |
| adsorption of colostral antibodies against classical swine fever, persistence of maternal antibodies, and effect on response to vaccination in baby pigs. | to determine kinetics of antibody absorption, persistence of antibody concentrations, and influence of titers on vaccination of baby pigs with a vaccine against classical swine fever (csf). | 2001 | 11703028 |
| an experimental infection with classical swine fever virus in pregnant sows: transmission of the virus, course of the disease, antibody response and effect on gestation. | an experimental infection with classical swine fever (csf) virus in 12 conventional gilts, housed in a sow-box housing system, was conducted in order to evaluate horizontal transmission, clinical, virological and serological response, and the effect on gestation. two of the 12 gilts, of which 10 were pregnant, were experimentally inoculated. they became viraemic for the first time 6 days post-inoculation (dpi). the contact gilts became viraemic between 18 and 21 days post inoculation. on the bas ... | 2001 | 11708677 |
| are low-density granulocytes the major target cells of classical swine fever virus in the peripheral blood? | the target cells of classical swine fever (csf) virus in the peripheral blood of pigs infected with recent field isolates from germany were studied. eight weaned pigs were inoculated oronasally with the csf virus field isolate visbek/han 95 and three weaners were inoculated with the isolate losten/freese 98. all pigs showed severe clinical signs typical of csf and died or had to be euthanized between 9 and 24 days post-infection (dpi). the first cells in the peripheral blood which became infecte ... | 2001 | 11708678 |
| the ns5a protein of bovine viral diarrhoea virus interacts with the alpha subunit of translation elongation factor-1. | a cellular protein that interacts with the ns5a polypeptide of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) was identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen. the ns5a interactor was identified as the alpha subunit of bovine translation elongation factor 1a (eef1a). cell-free binding studies were performed with chimeric ns5a fused to glutathione s-transferase (gst-ns5a) expressed in bacteria. gst-ns5a bound specifically to both in vitro-translated and mammalian cell-expressed eef1a. moreover, purified eef1a bo ... | 2001 | 11714969 |
| cloning and sequencing of full-length cdna of classical swine fever virus lpc strain. | the cdnas of classical swine fever virus (lpc vaccine strain) were cloned by transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. in this work, we obtained the sequence information of the 786 bases of the 5'-terminal region, 6049 bases of the middle region, and 1648 bases of the 3'-terminal region. taking our previous results and present data together, the entire genomic sequence of lpc strain was completed (12344 nucleotides in length). the genome of lpc has ... | 2001 | 11724273 |
| 1h, 15n, and 13c resonance assignments for a 20 kda dna polymerase from african swine fever virus. | 2001 | 11727982 | |
| mechanism of interferon resistance in hepatitis c. | 2001 | 11728538 | |
| the correlation of virus-specific interferon-gamma production and protection against classical swine fever virus infection. | the level of antigen-specific interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) production can be used as an indicator of cellular immunity. in this study, we investigated the role of cellular immune response in protection against classical swine fever virus (csfv). pigs were vaccinated once with csfv vaccine and challenged 6 days post-vaccination (dpv). vaccinated animals had significantly higher csfv-specific ifn-gamma secreting cells than the unvaccinated pigs (p<0.05) at the time of challenge and were protected ... | 2001 | 11730928 |
| a serodiagnostic elisa using recombinant antigen of swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus nucleoprotein. | a serodiagnostic elisa utilizing the recombinant nucleoprotein (rn protein) of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) was developed, and evaluated by examining a panel of 141 virus neutralization (vn) positive and 101 negative sera. the rn protein-based elisa (rnelisa) appeared to be highly sensitive and specific (98.6% and 98.0%, respectively) when it was compared to the vn test. the result was similar to that of an elisa based on purified viral antigens with showing good correlation (r=0.8 ... | 2001 | 11767065 |
| the g5r (d250) gene of african swine fever virus encodes a nudix hydrolase that preferentially degrades diphosphoinositol polyphosphates. | the african swine fever virus (asfv) g5r gene encodes a protein containing a nudix hydrolase motif which in terms of sequence appears most closely related to the mammalian diadenosine tetraphosphate (ap4a) hydrolases. however, purified recombinant g5r protein (g5rp) showed a much wider range of nucleotide substrate specificity compared to eukaryotic ap4a hydrolases, having highest activity with gtp, followed by adenosine 5'-pentaphosphate (p5a) and dgtp. diadenosine and diguanosine nucleotides w ... | 2002 | 11773415 |
| [sero-monitoring of notifiable diseases in wild boar in the netherlands 1999-2001]. | within the framework of a sero-monitoring system, in operation since 1996. blood samples from wild boar shot during the hunting seasons 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 in the netherlands were screened for the presence of antibodies against classical swine fever virus (csfv), swine vesicular disease virus (svdv), and anjeszky's disease virus (adv). the results indicate that csfv, svdv, and adv are uncommon in the wild boar population in the netherlands. because of the recent foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) ... | 2001 | 11780256 |
| a 250-nucleotide ua-rich element in the 3' untranslated region of xenopus laevis vg1 mrna represses translation both in vivo and in vitro. | xenopus laevis vgl mrna undergoes both localization and translational control during oogenesis. vg1 protein does not appear until late stage iv, after localization is complete. to determine whether vg1 translation is regulated by cytoplasmic polyadenylation, the race-pat method was used. vg1 mrna has a constant poly(a) tail throughout oogenesis, precluding a role for cytoplasmic polyadenylation. to identify cis-acting elements involved in vg1 translational control, the vg1 3' utr was inserted do ... | 2001 | 11780632 |
| pathogenesis of african swine fever virus in ornithodoros ticks. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the only known dna arbovirus and the sole member of the family asfarviridae. it causes a lethal, hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs. asfv is enzootic in sub-saharan africa and is maintained in a sylvatic cycle by infecting both wild members of the suidae (e.g. warthogs) and the argasid tick ornithodoros porcinus porcinus. the pathogenesis of asfv in o. porcinus porcinus ticks is characterized by a low infectious dose, lifelong infection, efficient transmissi ... | 2001 | 11831434 |
| analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of african swine fever virus. | we present an analysis of the complete genome of african swine fever virus (asfv) strain ba71v, including 80 kbp of novel sequence and 90 kbp previously reported by several authors. the viral dna is 170,101 nucleotides long and contains 151 open reading frames. structural and/or functional information is available on 113 viral proteins. asfv encodes five multigene families, putative membrane and secreted proteins, and enzymes involved in nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism (including dna repa ... | 1995 | 11831707 |
| steatosis and liver cancer in transgenic mice expressing the structural and nonstructural proteins of hepatitis c virus. | the aim of this study was to determine whether expression of hepatitis c virus proteins alters hepatic morphology or function in the absence of inflammation. | 2002 | 11832450 |
| identification of t-cell epitopes in the structural and non-structural proteins of classical swine fever virus. | to identify new t-cell epitopes of classical swine fever virus (csfv), 573 overlapping, synthetic pentadecapeptides spanning 82% of the csfv (strain glentorf) genome sequence were synthesized and screened. in proliferation assays, 26 peptides distributed throughout the csfv viral protein sequences were able to induce specific t-cell responses in pbmcs from a csfv-glentorf-infected d/d haplotype pig. of these 26 peptides, 18 were also recognized by pbmcs from a csfv-alfort/187-infected d/d haplot ... | 2002 | 11842250 |
| epidemiology and control of an outbreak of classical swine fever in wild boar in switzerland. | an outbreak of classical swine fever in wild boar in the southern part of switzerland (canton of ticino) was investigated after the implementation of control measures in a defined infected area (the risk zone), and in a surrounding surveillance zone (the non-risk zone). after the disease had been detected, hunting was not allowed in the risk zone for over six months, during which the disease was left to run its course, but hunting was continued in the non-risk zone for one month. after seven mon ... | 2002 | 11842816 |
| method for detection of extraneous active bovine viral diarrhoea virus and classical swine fever virus in animal viral vaccines by rt-pcr, which amplify negative-strand viral rna in infected cells. | an oligonucleotide sense primer, pst324alpha, was designed and used for synthesizing cdna from negative-strand viral rna in infected cells and used for rapid detection of active extraneous bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv) in animal viral vaccines by culturing a sample in cells followed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). active and inactivated viruses of bvdv no. 12-43 strain and csfv gpe(-)strain were inoculated to bovine testic ... | 2002 | 11846427 |
| quantitative assessment of clinical signs for the detection of classical swine fever outbreaks during an epidemic. | the performance of clinical signs as a diagnostic test for the detection of classical swine fever (csf) outbreaks during the 1997-1998 csf epidemic in the netherlands was evaluated by constructing and analysing a receiver operating characteristic (roc) curve. this curve assesses the discriminating ability of a diagnostic test over a range of test signals. the cut-off values for a defined diagnostic test to detect csf outbreaks were set by different combinations of clinical signs observed. the ar ... | 2002 | 11856582 |
| experimental non-transmissible marker vaccines for classical swine fever (csf) by trans-complementation of e(rns) or e2 of csfv. | three mutants with deletions in the e2 gene of the infectious dna copy of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain-c were constructed: one missing the b/c domain of csfv-e2 between amino acids (aa) 693 and 746, one missing the a domain between aa 800 and 864, and one missing the complete e2 between aa 689 and 1062. all three csfv-e2 deletion mutants were unable to generate viable virus, indicating that each of the antigenic domains of e2 is essential for viability of csfv. to rescue the csf ... | 2002 | 11858861 |
| repression of african swine fever virus polyprotein pp220-encoding gene leads to the assembly of icosahedral core-less particles. | african swine fever virus (asfv) polyprotein pp220, encoded by the cp2475l gene, is an n-myristoylated precursor polypeptide that, after proteolytic processing, gives rise to the major structural proteins p150, p37, p34, and p14. these proteins localize at the core shell, a matrix-like virus domain placed between the dna-containing nucleoid and the inner envelope. in this study, we have examined the role of polyprotein pp220 in virus morphogenesis by means of an asfv recombinant, v220i, containi ... | 2002 | 11861832 |
| [prediction of recognition sites for genomic replication of classical swine fever virus with information analysis]. | in order to explore the mechanism for the genomic replication of classical swine fever virus (csfv), so as to make a basis for investigating its pathogenicity, an introduction of the information theory is presented in connection with the statistical mechanics, whence small-sample statistics appears naturally as a consequence of the bayesian approach. furthermore, a selection rule for identifying the pattern of a recognition site for an rna-binding protein is proposed by means of the maximum entr ... | 2002 | 11862713 |
| sequences and replication of genomes of the archaeal rudiviruses sirv1 and sirv2: relationships to the archaeal lipothrixvirus sifv and some eukaryal viruses. | the double-stranded dna genomes of the viruses sirv1 and sirv2, which infect the extremely thermophilic archaeon sulfolobus and belong to the family rudiviridae, were sequenced. they are linear, covalently closed at the ends, and 32,312 and 35,502 bp long, respectively, with an a+t content of 75%. the genomes of sirv1 and sirv2 carry inverted terminal repeats of 2029 and 1628 bp, respectively, which contain multiple direct repeats. sirv1 and sirv2 genomes contain 45 and 54 orfs, respectively, of ... | 2001 | 11878892 |
| genetic typing of ruminant pestivirus strains from northern ireland and the republic of ireland. | a study was performed to investigate the genotypes and sub-groups of pestiviruses present in ruminants in ireland. these comprised one ovine and eighteen bovine pestiviruses from northern ireland and six bovine pestiviruses from the republic of ireland. a 288 base pair (bp) portion of the 5'-non coding region (5'-ncr) from each of 25 pestiviruses collected over a period of 31 years was amplified by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and the product directly sequenced. from ... | 2001 | 11883891 |
| novel swine virulence determinant in the left variable region of the african swine fever virus genome. | previously we have shown that the african swine fever virus (asfv) nl gene deletion mutant e70deltanl is attenuated in pigs. our recent observations that nl gene deletion mutants of two additional pathogenic asfv isolates, malawi lil-20/1 and pr4, remained highly virulent in swine (100% mortality) suggested that these isolates encoded an additional virulence determinant(s) that was absent from e70. to map this putative virulence determinant, in vivo marker rescue experiments were performed by in ... | 2002 | 11884534 |
| modeling and real-time prediction of classical swine fever epidemics. | we propose a new method to analyze outbreak data of an infectious disease such as classical swine fever. the underlying model is a two-type branching process. it is used to deduce information concerning the epidemic from detected cases. in particular, the method leads to prediction of the future course of the epidemic and hence can be used as a basis for control policy decisions. we test the model with data from the large 1997-1998 classical swine fever epidemic in the netherlands. it turns out ... | 2002 | 11892689 |
| a single amino acid is critical for the expression of b-cell epitopes on the helicase domain of the pestivirus ns3 protein. | truncated ns3 proteins, expressed by recombinant baculoviruses, were used to investigate the location of conserved b-cell epitopes on this non-structural bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) protein. a goat anti-pestivirus antiserum, and a panel of anti-ns3 monoclonal antibodies, including the bvdv-1 specific antibody p1d8, were used to verify the presence or absence of the epitopes. interestingly, the monoclonal antibodies reacted only with the truncated protein encompassing the helicase domain ... | 2002 | 11900844 |
| [the contagiousness of the pestivirus and foot and mouth disease virus]. | 2002 | 11905240 | |
| african swine fever virus iap-like protein induces the activation of nuclear factor kappa b. | african swine fever virus (asfv) encodes a homologue of the inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) that promotes cell survival by controlling the activity of caspase-3. here we show that asfv iap is also able to activate the transcription factor nf-kappab. thus, transient transfection of the viral iap increases the activity of an nf-kappab reporter gene in a dose-responsive manner in jurkat cells. similarly, stably transfected cells expressing asfv iap have elevated basal levels of c-rel, an nf-kappab-dep ... | 2002 | 11907233 |
| african swine fever virus-induced polypeptides in porcine alveolar macrophages and in vero cells: two-dimensional gel analysis. | high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by computer analysis has been used to study quantitatively the patterns of protein synthesis produced in porcine alveolar macrophages and in vero cells infected with african swine fever virus (asfv). initially, a protein database for each cell type was constructed. the porcine alveolar macrophage database includes 995 polypeptides (818 acidic, isoelectric focusing (ief) and 177 basic, nonequilibrium ph gradient electrophoresis (nephge)) wh ... | 2001 | 11922604 |
| electrochemical characterization of screen-printed carbonaceous electrodes for the determination of peroxidase activity in novel screen-printed flow-through modules. | a novel totally screen-printed flow-through cell for immunoanalysis is presented. it contained screen-printed carbonaceous electrodes, which allowed the determination of peroxidase activity through the electrochemical reduction of p-benzoquinone. as different electrode materials differ strongly in their electrochemical properties, electrodes resulting from various screen-printable carbonaceous pastes were characterized using the hydroquinone/ p-benzoquinone redox couple. for most of the electrod ... | 2002 | 11936093 |
| reconstitution of hepatitis c virus envelope glycoproteins into liposomes as a surrogate model to study virus attachment. | the envelope glycoproteins, e1 and e2, of hepatitis c virus (hcv) assemble intracellularly to form a noncovalent heterodimer that is expected to be essential for viral assembly and entry. however, due to the lack of a cell culture system supporting efficient hcv replication, it is very difficult to obtain relevant information on the functions of this glycoprotein oligomer. to get better insights into its biological and biochemical properties, hcv envelope glycoprotein heterodimer expressed by a ... | 2002 | 11937498 |
| development of a rapid in vitro protein refolding assay which discriminates between peptide-bound and peptide-free forms of recombinant porcine major histocompatibility class i complex (sla-i). | the extracellular domains of swine leukocyte antigen class i (sla-i, major histocompatibility complex protein class i) were cloned and sequenced for two haplotypes (h4 and h7) which do not share any alleles based on serological typing, and which are the most important in danish farmed pigs. the extracellular domain of sla-i was connected to porcine beta2 microglobulin by glycine-rich linkers. the engineered single-chain proteins, consisting of fused sla-i and beta2 microglobulin, were overexpres ... | 2002 | 11943330 |
| orf virus encodes a functional dutpase gene. | the present study is the first report on the functional activity of a parapoxvirus-encoded dutpase. the dutpase gene of the attenuated orf virus (orfv), strain d1701, was expressed as a bacterial thioredoxin fusion protein. in vitro assays showed that orfv dutpase was highly specific for dutp as substrate. the enzyme was active over a broad ph range (ph 6.0-9.0), with maximal enzymatic activity at ph 7.0 in the presence of mg(2+) cations. kinetic studies of the recombinant orfv dutpase revealed ... | 2002 | 11961258 |
| pestivirus internal ribosome entry site (ires) structure and function: elements in the 5' untranslated region important for ires function. | the importance of certain structural features of the 5' untranslated region of classical swine fever virus (csfv) rna for the function of the internal ribosome entry site (ires) was investigated by mutagenesis followed by in vitro transcription and translation. deletions made from the 5' end of the csfv genome sequence showed that the ires boundary was close to nucleotide 65: thus, the ires includes the whole of domain ii but no sequences upstream of this domain. deletions which invaded domain i ... | 2002 | 11967318 |
| rate of inter-herd transmission of classical swine fever virus by different types of contact during the 1997-8 epidemic in the netherlands. | in this study we quantified the rate at which classical swine fever had been transmitted by several different types of inter-herd contact during the 1997-8 epidemic in the netherlands. during that epidemic 428 csfv-infected pig herds were detected, 403 of which were include in this study. the estimated rates of transmission were 0.065 per shipment of live pigs, 0.011 per contact by a pig transportation lorry, 0.0068 per person contact, 0.0007 per dose of semen, 0.0065 per contact with a potentia ... | 2002 | 12002547 |
| within- and between-pen transmission of classical swine fever virus: a new method to estimate the basic reproduction ratio from transmission experiments. | we present a method to estimate basic reproduction ratio r0 from transmission experiments. by using previously published data of experiments with classical swine fever virus more extensively, we obtained smaller confidence intervals than the martingale method used in the original papers. moreover, our method allows simultaneous estimation of a reproduction ratio within pens r0w and a modified reproduction ratio between pens r'0b. resulting estimates of r0w and r'0b for weaner pigs were 100 (95% ... | 2002 | 12002548 |
| apoptosis induced in an early step of african swine fever virus entry into vero cells does not require virus replication. | permissive vero cells develop apoptosis, as characterized by dna fragmentation, caspases activation, cytosolic release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, and flow cytometric analysis of dna content, upon infection with african swine fever virus (asfv). to determine the step in virus replication that triggers apoptosis, we used uv-inactivated virus, inhibitors of protein and nucleic acid synthesis, and lysosomotropic drugs that block virus uncoating. asfv-induced apoptosis was accompanied by caspase- ... | 2002 | 12009879 |
| identification of the principal serological immunodeterminants of african swine fever virus by screening a virus cdna library with antibody. | protective immunity to african swine fever virus (asfv) may involve a combination of both serological and cellular mechanisms. this work is focused on the identification of the possible relevant serological immunodeterminants of immunity. thus, 14 serological immunodeterminants of asfv have been characterized by exhaustive screening of a representative lambda phage cdna expression library of the tissue culture-adapted ba71v strain of asfv. the library was constructed using rna extracted from ver ... | 2002 | 12029148 |
| establishment and application of bicistronic classical swine fever virus genomes for foreign gene expression and complementation of e2 deletion mutants. | bicistronic genomes of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain alfort/187 (a187) were established by insertion of a second cistron consisting of an internal ribosome entry site of the encephalomyocarditis virus and a coding sequence in the 3' untranslated region of the genome. introduction of the selectable marker gene for neomycin phosphotransferase into the second cistron of the csfv replicon a187 delta e2-cat allowed the establishment of porcine sk-6 cell lines constitutively expressing ... | 2002 | 12034484 |
| [procoagulant activity of blood cells in pestivirus infection]. | an increased level of procoagulant activity (pca) in leukocytes of pigs with acute classical swine fever (csf) was observed on day 4 postinfection; pca level normalized during the moribund state. csf vaccine strain either did not induce an increase of pca level or induced an increase that persisted for at least 11 days. time course of pca changes in the leukocytes from sheep infected with borderline sheep disease was similar to the time course of pca in acute csf. in vitro each of the pestivirus ... | 2002 | 12046460 |
| oral immunisation of wild boar against classical swine fever: concluding analysis of the recent field trials in germany. | the recent oral immunisation trials in wild boar against classical swine fever (csf) in germany are described and evaluated in summary. after the first field study in lower saxony from 1993-1995 further immunisation trials started in mecklenburg-western pomerania, brandenburg, lower saxony, baden-württemberg and saxony-anhalt. the immunisation strategies and the size of the vaccination zones were different in the individual federal states. in principle, the bait vaccine based on the csf virus st ... | 2002 | 12058591 |
| t-helper cells from naive to committed. | t-helper cells play a central role in the onset and regulation of the antigen-specific immune response. in swine, two subpopulations of cd4 positive t-helper cells could be defined in extra-thymic compartments. both differ in the surface antigen expression of distinct antigens. besides the cd4(+)cd8(-) t-helper cell subpopulation representing the phenotype of t-helper cells known from other species, in swine cd4(+) t-helper cells exist showing expression of cd8alpha and mhcii molecules.in primar ... | 2002 | 12072228 |
| leukopenia and thrombocytopenia in pigs after infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus-2 (bvdv-2). | the aim of this study was to investigate whether bovine viral diarrhoea virus-2 (bvdv-2) is pathogenic for pigs, which organs become infected and whether or to which extent the virus is excreted into the environment. ten pigs were observed for clinical reactions after infection with a bvdv-2 strain, that has been shown to be pathogenic in calves under experimental conditions. samples were taken to monitor thrombocyte and leukocyte counts as well as antibody development. post mortem examinations ... | 2002 | 12073495 |
| cloning and regulation of the promoter of pseudorabies virus (tnl strain) glycoprotein e gene. | the nucleotide sequence upstream to the glycoprotein e (ge) gene of pseudorabies virus (prv, tnl strain) was cloned from the genomic virus dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and its dna sequences were determined. the dna segment, which was supposed to contain the ge promoter, was subcloned into a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter gene and the resulting plasmid was named pgep-b-cat. to examine the promoter function of this upstream sequence of ge gene, we transfected pgep-b-cat ... | 2002 | 12086144 |
| continuous porcine cell lines developed from alveolar macrophages: partial characterization and virus susceptibility. | porcine monomyeloid cell lines were established following transfection of primary porcine alveolar macrophage cultures with plasmid psv3neo, carrying genes for neomycin resistance and sv40 large t antigen. the parental clone 3d4 exhibited a relatively rapid doubling time (25.5 h), high plating efficiency and mixed phenotype with respect to growth on a solid support. single cell cloning of the 3d4 parent resulted in establishment of several cell lines; three of them designated 3d4/2, 3d4/21 and 3 ... | 2002 | 12088830 |
| early platelet aggregation as a cause of thrombocytopenia in classical swine fever. | twenty pigs were inoculated with a virulent classical swine fever virus isolate to determine the mechanism responsible for thrombocytopenia using histopathologic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical (detection of viral antigens gp55 and fviii-rag) techniques. in animals euthanatized at 2, 4, and 6 days postinoculation (dpi), clusters of granular material staining positive for fviii-rag were observed in splenic cords, the marginal zone, hepatic sinusoids, and the perisinusoidal space. moreov ... | 2002 | 12102222 |
| plaque assay for african swine fever virus on swine macrophages. | a plaque assay developed to detect the infection of african swine fever virus on swine macrophages is described. plaques were generated by all of the virus isolates tested. the method is suitable not only for virus titration but also for the selection of clones in protocols for isolation/purification of recombinant viruses. | 2002 | 12111419 |
| prevalence of antibodies to classical swine fever, aujeszky's disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, and bovine viral diarrhoea viruses in wild boars in croatia. | during the hunting season in february 1999, a total of 44 blood samples were collected from wild boars shot in the area of moslavacka gora. these blood samples were examined by enzyme immunoassay for the presence of antibodies to classical swine fever (csfv), aujeszky's disease (adv), bovine viral diarrhoea (bvdv), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrsv) viruses. out of 44 serum samples examined, 17 (38.63%) were positive for csfv, 24 (54.54%) were positive for adv and two (4.5 ... | 2002 | 12121047 |
| pig chromosome aberrations after vaccination against classical swine fever in field trials. | chromosomal aberrations were observed after vaccination against classical swine fever (csf) in a previous study done on experimental pigs. to determine if the same effect occurs in farm animals, field trials were done with immunized pigs. the cytogenetic analysis was made from lymphocyte cultures of pigs sampled in three farms of río cuarto region on six different periods: one, pre-vaccination (control) and in five post-vaccination (days 3, 7, 10, 15 and 22). vaccine inoculation induced signific ... | 2002 | 12126897 |
| influence of maternal antibodies on efficacy of a subunit vaccine: transmission of classical swine fever virus between pigs vaccinated at 2 weeks of age. | this study shows the effectiveness of vaccination with an e2 subunit vaccine against classical swine fever (csf) in 2-week-old piglets. half of the piglets were carrying maternally derived antibodies (mdas) at the time of vaccination. three and 6 months later, antibody levels were compared between the two treatments. moreover, reduction of virus transmission was investigated at 3 and 6 months by doing transmission experiments. the vaccine was found to be capable of reducing virus transmission si ... | 2002 | 12126914 |
| development of an internal control for the detection of the african swine fever virus by pcr. | for the detection of african swine fever virus (asfv) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in clinical samples, an internal control was constructed to identify false negative results in each reaction. the internal control was designed in such a way that the same primer pair was used to amplify the internal control and the target dna which were differentiated by size. the lower detection limit was reached at about 30 internal control dna copies and about 50 genomic asfv dna copies. the use of the i ... | 2002 | 12144776 |
| [study on the expression of e2 gene of classical swine fever virus in pichia pastoris and the immunological activity of its expression product]. | e2 gene of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was cloned into secretory ppic9k pichia pastoris expression vector. after being linearized by digestion, the vector was transformed into pichia pastoris by electroporation to integrate with the genome, the transformants with high copies were screened by g418 and were induced to express with methonal. the results of sds-page and western blot demonstrated that the supernatant of the induced p. pastoris culture contained protein e2. the results of the s ... | 2002 | 12148285 |
| [vaccination of weaner pigs against classical swine fever with the subunit vaccine "porcilis pesti": influence of different immunization plans on excretion and transmission of challenge virus]. | excretion and transmission of csfv after vaccination with the csf subunit marker vaccine "porcilis pesti" have been studied using the following different vaccination schedules: group a--two vaccinations with an interval of 28 d, challenge 14 d after second vaccination (p.v2.); group b--two vaccinations with an interval of 14 d, challenge 14 d later; group c--two vaccinations with an interval of 28 d, challenge at time of booster vaccination; group d--two vaccinations with an interval of 14 d, ch ... | 2002 | 12174723 |
| arrest of metaphyseal ossification in pigs with experimental classical swine fever. | 2002 | 12180661 | |
| [association between ns5a gene sequence and response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis c patients in shanghai]. | to elucidate relationship between amino acid sequence of non-structural protein 5a (ns5a) and outcome of hcv (1 b) patients after interferon (ifna) therapy. | 2002 | 12196819 |
| structure-based combinatorial protein engineering (scope). | presented here is the development a semi-rational protein engineering approach that uses information from protein structure coupled with established dna manipulation techniques to design and create multiple crossover libraries from non-homologous genes. the utility of structure-based combinatorial protein engineering (scope) was demonstrated by its application to two distantly related members of the x-family of dna polymerases: rat dna polymerase beta (pol beta) and african swine fever virus dna ... | 2002 | 12206782 |
| the african swine fever virus protein j4r binds to the alpha chain of nascent polypeptide-associated complex. | the african swine fever virus (asfv) j4r protein is expressed late during the virus replication cycle and is present in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of infected cells. by using the yeast two-hybrid system, direct binding, and coprecipitation from cells, we showed that the j4r protein binds to the alpha chain of nascent polypeptide-associated complex (alpha nac). confocal microscopy indicated that a proportion of j4r and alpha nac interact in areas close to the plasma membrane, as well as t ... | 2002 | 12208975 |
| classical swine fever virus ns5b-gfp fusion protein possesses an rna-dependent rna polymerase activity. | rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) is the replicase of positive-strand rna viruses. expression and characterization of the replicase are the first steps in the elucidation of the virus replication mechanism. we expressed nonstructural protein 5b (ns5b) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) as a fusion protein with green fluorescent protein (gfp) in porcine kidney cells (pk-15 cells), natural host cells of csfv. the expressed csfv ns5b-gfp fusion protein possessed rdrp activity. by fluorescence ... | 2002 | 12209316 |
| a new method based on entropy theory for genomic sequence analysis. | we have refined entropy theory to explore the meaning of the increasing sequence data on nucleic acids and proteins more conveniently. the concept of selection constraint was not introduced, only the analyzed sequences themselves were considered. the refined theory serves as a basis for deriving a method to analyze non-coding regions (ncrs) as well as coding regions. positions with maximal entropy might play the most important role in genome functions as opposed to positions with minimal entropy ... | 2002 | 12211329 |
| antibodies to selected viral and bacterial pathogens in european wild boars from southcentral spain. | serum samples from 78 european wild boars (sus scrofa) harvested during the 1999-2000 hunting season were tested for antibodies to brucella spp., classical swine fever virus, erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, haemophilus parasuis, leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, pseudorabies virus (prv), porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, salmonella serogroups b, c, and d, streptococcus suis, and swine influenza virus (siv) serotypes h1n1 a ... | 2002 | 12238391 |
| a structural model of pestivirus e(rns) based on disulfide bond connectivity and homology modeling reveals an extremely rare vicinal disulfide. | e(rns) is a pestivirus envelope glycoprotein and is the only known viral surface protein with rnase activity. e(rns) is a disulfide-linked homodimer of 100 kda; it is found on the surface of pestivirus-infected cells and is secreted into the medium. in this study, the disulfide arrangement of the nine cysteines present in the mature dimer was established by analysis of the proteolytically cleaved protein. fragments were obtained after digestion with multiple proteolytic enzymes and subsequently ... | 2002 | 12239315 |
| synthetic peptide-based immunoassay as a supplemental test for hcv infection. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a single strand rna hepatotrophic virus infecting 170 millions around the world and 20% of egyptian blood donors. although there has been significant improvement in the enzyme immunoassays (eias) in population screening of hcv infection, the development of a low variability, easy to automate and inexpensive supplemental test to support the current immunoassays was of a major concern to several laboratories. | 2002 | 12367764 |
| recombinant hepatitis c virus-like particles expressed by baculovirus: utility in cell-binding and antibody detection assays. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is difficult to study due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system or small animal model. as a result, hcv-cell interactions are not well-defined. in addition, several studies have identified a subset of patients in whom hcv rna is present, but hcv antibody is not detected. we produced recombinant baculoviruses that expressed hcv structural proteins (core, e1 and e2, nt 342-2651) or control proteins. the hcv structural protein precursor was processed into immunorea ... | 2002 | 12376962 |
| localization of classical swine fever virus in male gonads during subclinical infection. | in an experiment using ten boars, the distribution of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was determined in the male reproductive tract by in situ hybridization over a period of 120 days after intranasal inoculation. csfv was detected in the testicular tissue of infected boars. viral nucleic acid was localized to spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids but was not detected in the epithelia of the prostate, epididymis or bulbourethral gland. sections from control, csfv-negative, pigs showed no ... | 2002 | 12388807 |
| a phylogenetic-tree analysis elucidating nosocomial transmission of hepatitis c virus in a haemodialysis unit. | nosocomial transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv) subtype 1b involving 11 haemodialysis patients occurred in a haemodialysis unit in japan in march 2000. sequencing of the hcv-e1 region (411-bp) and phylogenetic-tree analysis showed near identity between hcv isolates derived from these patients and a haemodialysis patient who was known to be hcv-positive. the mode of transmission could not be conclusively established, but retrospective analysis suggested that the sharing of contaminated multido ... | 2002 | 12431208 |
| african swine fever virus polyproteins pp220 and pp62 assemble into the core shell. | african swine fever virus (asfv), a complex enveloped dna virus, expresses two polyprotein precursors, pp220 and pp62, which after proteolytic processing give rise to several major components of the virus particle. we have analyzed the structural role of polyprotein pp62, the precursor form of mature products p35 and p15, in virus morphogenesis. densitometric analysis of one- and two-dimensional gels of purified virions showed that proteins p35 and p15, as well as the pp220-derived products, are ... | 2002 | 12438573 |
| apoptosis of thymocytes related to cytokine expression in experimental classical swine fever. | atrophy of the thymic cortex and loss of thymocytes were studied in 32 pigs inoculated with the virulent strain "alfort" of classical swine fever (csf) virus and killed at intervals from 2 to 15 days after infection. immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, elisa and tunel methods were used. the results suggested that direct action of csf virus on thymocytes played no more than a minor role. the massive lymphoid depletion observed in the thymus, may, however, have been associated with the numerical ... | 2002 | 12443731 |