Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| current challenges in the treatment of severe clostridium difficile infection: early treatment potential of fecal microbiota transplantation. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is a very effective treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). less is known about the application of fmt as a curative treatment of severe or complicated cdi. in this review, we present and discuss evidence supporting the curative use of fmt in severe or complicated cdi. we performed a literature search in pubmed and embase for studies on the curative use of fmt in severe or complicated cdi. in addition, we describe a patient with sever ... | 2017 | 28491142 |
| infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: results from the organ transplant infection project, a multicenter, prospective, cohort study. | infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (hct). our object was to better define the epidemiology and outcomes of infections after hct. | 2017 | 28491889 |
| rapid synthesis of bicyclic lactones via palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylative lactonizations. | a novel and efficient palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylative lactonization of amino propargylic alcohols has been developed to provide rapid access to various bicyclic lactones especially dihydropyrrole-fused furanones, which are novel structures and have not been explored in biological and medicinal settings. this method can also be used to access β-lactone products such as 16. preliminary biological evaluations revealed that compounds 13h and 13s demonstrated promising activity against clostri ... | 2017 | 28492641 |
| filmarray™ gi panel performance for the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis or hemorragic diarrhea. | acute gastroenteritis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. the rapid and specific identification of infectious agents is crucial for correct patient management. however, diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis is usually performed with diagnostic panels that include only a few pathogens. in the present bicentric study, the diagnostic value of filmarray™ gi panels was assessed in unformed stool samples of patients with acute gastroenteritis and in a series of samples colle ... | 2017 | 28494766 |
| comparison of two environmental sampling tools for the detection of clostridium difficile spores on hard bathroom surfaces in the hospital setting. | 2017 | 28495188 | |
| lack of association between the clinical outcome of clostridium difficile infection and current steroids use. | the purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in patients on systemic steroids for various indications to patients not on steroids in term of disease severity, and associated morbidity and mortality. | 2017 | 28496532 |
| inhibition of clostridium difficile in mice using a mixture of potential probiotic strains enterococcus faecalis nm815, e. faecalis nm915, and e. faecium nm1015: novel candidates to control c. difficile infection (cdi). | this study is aimed at the isolation, identification, and characterization of potential probiotic strains capable of inhibiting clostridium difficile in vitro and in vivo. twenty isolates were isolated from infant fecal samples and screened against c. difficile using their cell-free supernatant. only three isolates showed maximum inhibition from 56.05 to 60.60%, thus they were characterized for probiotic properties and safety. the results obtained approved their tolerance to the gastrointestinal ... | 2017 | 28497217 |
| assessing the risk and disease burden of clostridium difficile infection among patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia at a university hospital in central china. | hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap) remains one of the major hospital-acquired infections in china. antibiotic treatment of hap may lead to subsequent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). baseline data on the occurrence of cdi among hap patients in china are currently unavailable. this study examines the risk and disease burden of cdi among hap hospitalized patients (hap-cdi). | 2017 | 28497295 |
| protective factors in the intestinal microbiome against clostridium difficile infection in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a frequent complication in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-hsct), who receive intensive treatments that significantly disrupt the intestinal microbiota. in this study, we examined the microbiota composition of allo-hsct recipients to identify bacterial colonizers that confer protection against cdi after engraftment. | 2017 | 28498996 |
| carboxyl analogue of mutacin 1140, a scaffold for lead antibacterial discovery. | mutacin 1140 belongs to the epidermin group of lantibiotics. epidermin class lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified antibiotics with potent activity against gram-positive bacteria. in particular, this class is effective at targeting drug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), mycobacterium tuberculosis, and clostridium difficile a c-terminal s-[(z)-2-aminovinyl]-d-cysteine (avicys) residue is derived from a decar ... | 2017 | 28500042 |
| comparative effectiveness of faecal microbiota transplant by route of administration. | the optimal route of delivery for faecal microbiota transplant (fmt) is unknown. this observational single-centre study analysed the two-week cure rates for all patients who received fmt from 2013 to 2016 according to route of delivery. overall, nasogastric delivery of fmt was less effective than lower endoscopic delivery. when patients were stratified by illness severity, nasogastric delivery achieved similar cure rates in healthier individuals, whereas lower endoscopic delivery was preferred f ... | 2017 | 28501333 |
| molecular typing of clostridium difficile isolates cultured from patient stool samples and gastroenterological medical devices in a single iranian hospital. | this study aimed to characterize clostridium difficile isolates cultured from stool samples of patients with c. difficile infection (cdi) and swabs from a medical environment in a gastroenterology center in tehran, iran. a total of 158 samples (105 stool samples from hospitalized patients and 53 swabs from medical devices and the environment) were collected from january 2011 to august 2011 and investigated for the presence of c. difficile by direct anaerobic culture on a selective media for c. d ... | 2017 | 28501554 |
| an outbreak of clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 027 in spain: risk factors for recurrence and a novel treatment strategy. | an outbreak of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) caused by ribotype 027 (b1/nap1) began in our hospital in november 2014, and produced 141 episodes in the following months. the aim of this study is to describe this outbreak, assess risk factors for recurrence of cdi-027 and to analyze the implementation of a novel treatment strategy. this is a prospective study of all patients with cdi-027, from november 2014 to november 2015. the epidemiological data were collected daily for each patient. w ... | 2017 | 28501926 |
| predictors of failure after single faecal microbiota transplantation in patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection: results from a 3-year cohort study: authors' reply. | 2017 | 28502839 | |
| comparison of the hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection risk of using proton pump inhibitors versus histamine-2 receptor antagonists for prophylaxis and treatment of stress ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | although proton pump inhibitors (ppis) have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of stress gastric ulcers in hospital settings, there are concerns that ppis increase the risk of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). however, little is known about the risk of cdi following ppi and histamine-2 receptor antagonist (h2ra) use. we evaluated the comparative hospital-acquired cdi occurrence risk associated with the concurrent use of ppis versus h2ras. | 2017 | 28506028 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent clostridium difficile infection in a patient with concomitant inflammatory bowel disease. | the use of fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent clostridium difficile infection and coexistent inflammatory bowel disease remains unclear. a 61-year-old man with ulcerative pancolitis was diagnosed with a third recurrence of clostridium difficile infection, previously treated with metronidazole, vancomycin and fidaxomicin. fecal microbiota transplantation of an unrelated healthy donor was performed by the lower route. after a twelve month follow-up, the patient remains asymptomatic with ... | 2017 | 28506071 |
| changes in microbial ecology after fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent c. difficile infection affected by underlying inflammatory bowel disease. | gut microbiota play a key role in maintaining homeostasis in the human gut. alterations in the gut microbial ecosystem predispose to clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and gut inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) from a healthy donor can restore gut microbial diversity and pathogen colonization resistance; consequently, it is now being investigated for its ability to improve inflammatory gut conditions such as ibd. in this stu ... | 2017 | 28506317 |
| identification of novel risk factors for community-acquired clostridium difficile infection using spatial statistics and geographic information system analyses. | the rate of community-acquired clostridium difficile infection (ca-cdi) is increasing. while receipt of antibiotics remains an important risk factor for cdi, studies related to acquisition of c. difficile outside of hospitals are lacking. as a result, risk factors for exposure to c. difficile in community settings have been inadequately studied. | 2017 | 28510584 |
| enteric infection in relapse of inflammatory bowel disease: the utility of stool microbial pcr testing. | the similar presentations in relapse of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and enteric infection pose substantial barriers to diagnosis and treatment. the objective of this study was to investigate the incidence, etiology, predictors, and treatment of enteric infection in patients with ibd. | 2017 | 28511200 |
| emergence of microbial diversity due to cross-feeding interactions in a spatial model of gut microbial metabolism. | the human gut contains approximately 10(14) bacteria, belonging to hundreds of different species. together, these microbial species form a complex food web that can break down nutrient sources that our own digestive enzymes cannot handle, including complex polysaccharides, producing short chain fatty acids and additional metabolites, e.g., vitamin k. microbial diversity is important for colonic health: changes in the composition of the microbiota have been associated with inflammatory bowel dise ... | 2017 | 28511646 |
| intrinsic toxin-derived peptides destabilize and inactivate clostridium difficile tcdb. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a major cause of hospital-associated, antibiotic-induced diarrhea, which is largely mediated by the production of two large multidomain clostridial toxins, tcda and tcdb. both toxins coordinate the action of specific domains to bind receptors, enter cells, and deliver a catalytic fragment into the cytosol. this results in gtpase inactivation, actin disassembly, and cytotoxicity. tcdb in particular has been shown to encode a region covering amino acids 175 ... | 2017 | 28512094 |
| can procalcitonin contribute to the diagnosis of clostridium difficile colitis? | it is a challenge to diagnosis clostridium difficile colitis. | 2017 | 28513121 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation outcomes in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients: a single-center experience. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a major infectious disease focus for which fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has been used with success in various patient populations. | 2017 | 28513974 |
| serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin as novel adjunct in complicated clostridium difficile colitis treatment. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a well-known complication of antibiotic therapy. it is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and cost in the hospital setting. the main symptoms include watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and distension, but cdi can also present as toxic megacolon, bowel perforation with peritonitis, sepsis and renal failure. therapy includes metronidazole and oral vancomycin, with rectal vancomycin and fecal transplant reserved for more complicated cases. adjun ... | 2017 | 28516109 |
| determination of the in vitro sporulation frequency of clostridium difficile. | the anaerobic, gastrointestinal pathogen, clostridium difficile, persists within the environment and spreads from host-to-host via its infectious form, the spore. to effectively study spore formation, the physical differentiation of vegetative cells from spores is required to determine the proportion of spores within a population of c. difficile. this protocol describes a method to accurately enumerate both viable vegetative cells and spores separately and subsequently calculate a sporulation fr ... | 2017 | 28516125 |
| evolving insights into the epidemiology and control of clostridium difficile in hospitals. | typing studies suggest most cases of hospital-onset clostridium difficile infection are unrelated to other cases of active disease in the hospital. new cases may instead be due to transmissions from asymptomatic carriers or progression of latent c.difficile present-on-admission to active infection. direct exposure to antibiotics remains the primary risk factor for c.difficile infection but ward-level antibiotic use, antibiotic exposure of the prior room occupant, and c.difficile status of the pr ... | 2017 | 28520953 |
| effects of short- and long-course antibiotics on the lower intestinal microbiome as they relate to traveller's diarrhea. | antibiotics have profound and lasting effects on the lower intestinal (gut) microbiome that can both promote resistance and increase susceptibility to colonization and infection; knowledge of these changes is important to the prevention and treatment of traveler's diarrhea. | 2017 | 28520993 |
| gut microbiota-mediated protection against diarrheal infections. | the mammalian gut microbiota is a highly abundant and diverse microbial community that resides in the gastrointestinal tract. one major benefit that the gut microbiota provides to its host is colonization resistance-the ability to prevent colonization by foreign microbes, including diarrheal pathogens such as clostridium difficile , salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and diarrheagenic escherichia coli . | 2017 | 28520994 |
| draft genome sequences of five enterococcus species isolated from the gut of patients with suspected clostridium difficile infection. | we present draft genome sequences of five enterococcus species from patients suspected of clostridium difficile infection. genome completeness was confirmed by presence of bacterial orthologs (97%). gene searches using hidden-markov models revealed that the isolates harbor between seven and 11 genes involved in antibiotic resistance to tetracyclines, beta-lactams, and vancomycin. | 2017 | 28522725 |
| [fecal microbiota transplant in the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection: a case report]. | clostridium difficile infection is a major cause of nosocomial diarrhea. its incidence has increased in the past 20 years and is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. relapsing is frequent after treatment and the management of these recurrent clostridium difficile infections is challenging. several studies over the years have shown that fecal microbiota transplantion is associated with a high degree of success. fecal microbiota transplantion is now part of the european recommend ... | 2016 | 28525191 |
| antimicrobial stewardship for hospitalized patients with viral respiratory tract infections. | the purpose of this study was to implement a targeted antimicrobial stewardship intervention for patients with a viral respiratory tract infection. | 2017 | 28526309 |
| dramatic effects of a new antimicrobial stewardship program in a rural community hospital. | new joint commission antimicrobial stewardship requirements took effect on january 1, 2017, promoted as a central strategy for coping with the emerging problems of antimicrobial resistance and clostridium difficile infection. our objective was to measure the effects of a new antimicrobial stewardship program (asp) in a rural community hospital with no prior asp, in the context of having a new infectious disease specialist on staff. | 2017 | 28526311 |
| efficacy of the world health organization-recommended handwashing technique and a modified washing technique to remove clostridium difficile from hands. | the efficacy of the world health organization (who)-recommended handwashing technique against clostridium difficile is uncertain, and whether it could be improved remains unknown. also, the benefit of using a structured technique instead of an unstructured technique remains unclear. | 2017 | 28526314 |
| the sialate o-acetylesterase esta from gut bacteroidetes species enables sialidase-mediated cross-species foraging of 9-o-acetylated sialoglycans. | the gut harbors many symbiotic, commensal, and pathogenic microbes that break down and metabolize host carbohydrates. sialic acids are prominent outermost carbohydrates on host glycoproteins called mucins and protect underlying glycan chains from enzymatic degradation. sialidases produced by some members of the colonic microbiota can promote the expansion of several potential pathogens (e.g. clostridium difficile, salmonella, and escherichia coli) that do not produce sialidases. o-acetyl ester m ... | 2017 | 28526748 |
| [clinical and demographic profile and risk factors for clostridium difficile infection]. | clostridium difficile infection is the leading cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea. the increasing incidence added to a lower rate of response to the initial treatment and higher rates of relapse has generated a higher burden of the disease. | 2017 | 28527248 |
| antimicrobial activity of fidaxomicin against clostridium difficile clinical isolates in aichi area in japan. | we evaluated the susceptibility of 100 japanese clostridium difficile isolates to fidaxomicin, a new macrocyclic antibiotic. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) range of fidaxomicin was 0.03-0.5 μg/ml, with a mic for inhibition of 50% (mic50) of 0.12 μg/ml, and for inhibition of 90% (mic90) of 0.25 μg/ml. we also evaluated the susceptibilities of the same 100 c. difficile isolates to vancomycin, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, clindamycin, meropenem, and ampicillin. of all the antibiotics te ... | 2017 | 28527649 |
| how to: establish and run a stool bank. | since 2013, several stool banks have been developed following publications reporting on clinical success of 'faecal microbiota transplantation' (fmt) for recurrent clostridium difficile infections (cdi). however, protocols for donor screening, faecal suspension preparation, and transfer of the faecal suspension differ between countries and institutions. moreover, no european consensus exists regarding the legislative aspects of the faecal suspension product. internationally standardized recommen ... | 2017 | 28529025 |
| management of bacteriuria in veterans affairs hospitals. | bacteriuria contributes to antibiotic overuse through treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria (asb) and long durations of therapy for symptomatic urinary tract infections (utis), yet large-scale evaluations of bacteriuria management among inpatients are lacking. | 2017 | 28531289 |
| methods and reporting studies assessing fecal microbiota transplantation: a systematic review. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) could be a novel treatment option for several chronic diseases associated with altered gut microbiota. | 2017 | 28531908 |
| clinical, immunological and microbiological predictors of poor outcome in clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) causes increased morbidity and mortality. clinical data cannot clearly predict poor cdi outcome. data on the value of microbiological predictors is scarce. | 2017 | 28533000 |
| primary human polarized small intestinal epithelial barriers respond differently to a hazardous and an innocuous protein. | an experimental platform employing human derived intestinal epithelial cell (iec) line monolayers grown on permeable transwell(®) filters was previously investigated to differentiate between hazardous and innocuous proteins. this approach was effective at distinguishing these types of proteins and perturbation of monolayer integrity, particularly transepithelial electrical resistance (teer), was the most sensitive indicator. in the current report, in vitro indicators of monolayer integrity, cyto ... | 2017 | 28533127 |
| correction for cairns et al., "comparative genome analysis and global phylogeny of the toxin variant clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 017 reveals the evolution of two independent sublineages". | 2017 | 28536162 | |
| clostridium difficile extraintestinal abscess: a rare complication. | extraintestinal clostridium difficile is rare. a 74-year-old man with a history of ulcerative colitis presented after a fall. trauma work-up showed liver cirrhosis. two days later he developed abdominal pain, distension, diarrhoea and leucocytosis. stool tested positive for c. difficile ct abdomen showed pancolitis with toxic megacolon. total abdominal colectomy and ileostomy with a rectal stump was performed. he was discharged, but was readmitted with sepsis. ct abdomen showed a 10.4×7.2 cm flu ... | 2017 | 28536228 |
| erratum for hong et al., "mucosal antibodies to the c terminus of toxin a prevent colonization of clostridium difficile". | 2017 | 28536258 | |
| norovirus and clostridium difficile outbreaks: squelching the wildfire. | gastrointestinal outbreaks in the healthcare setting cause increased morbidity and mortality in an already vulnerable population. optimization of infection prevention measures can be a challenge in healthcare settings. this review describes new literature that may change the traditional infection prevention approach to such outbreaks. | 2017 | 28538249 |
| less is more? antibiotic duration and outcomes in fournier's gangrene. | antibiotic management of fournier's gangrene (fg) is without evidence-based guidelines and is based on expert opinion. the effect of duration of antibiotic therapy on outcomes in fg is unknown. | 2017 | 28538648 |
| bacteriophage transfer during faecal microbiota transplantation in clostridium difficile infection is associated with treatment outcome. | faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is effective for the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). studies have shown bacterial colonisation after fmt, but data on viral alterations in cdi are scarce. we investigated enteric virome alterations in cdi and the association between viral transfer and clinical outcome in patients with cdi. | 2017 | 28539351 |
| faecal microbiota transplantation: where did it start? what have studies taught us? where is it going? | the composition and activity of microorganisms in the gut, the microbiome, is emerging as an important factor to consider with regard to the treatment of many diseases. dysbiosis of the normal community has been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, crohn's disease, diabetes and, most notoriously, clostridium difficile infection. in canada, the leading treatment strategy for recalcitrant c. difficile infection is to receive faecal material which by nature is filled with microorganisms and th ... | 2017 | 28540051 |
| [intestinal microbiota in individualized therapies]. | during recent years, the analysis of the human microbiota has been receiving more and more scientific focus. deep sequencing analysis enables characterization of microbial communities in different environments without the need of culture-based methods. hereby, information about microbial communities is increasing enormously. numerous studies in humans and animal models revealed the important role of the microbiome in emergence and natural course of diseases such as autoimmune diseases and metabo ... | 2017 | 28540475 |
| clostridium difficile infection in solid organ transplant recipients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a major healthcare-associated infection that causes significant morbidity and an economic impact in the united states. in this review, we provide an overview of clostridium difficile infection in solid organ transplant recipients with an emphasis on recent literature. | 2017 | 28542111 |
| a multicenter, retrospective, case-cohort study of the epidemiology and risk factors for clostridium difficile infection among cord blood transplant recipients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the leading cause of health-care associated infectious diarrhea. the aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology and risk factors for cdi in the 100 days following umbilical cord blood transplantation (ucbt) at three boston hospitals. | 2017 | 28544102 |
| clostridium difficile toxins a and b: receptors, pores, and translocation into cells. | the most potent toxins secreted by pathogenic bacteria contain enzymatic moieties that must reach the cytosol of target cells to exert their full toxicity. toxins such as anthrax, diphtheria, and botulinum toxin all use three well-defined functional domains to intoxicate cells: a receptor-binding moiety that triggers endocytosis into acidified vesicles by binding to a specific host-cell receptor, a translocation domain that forms pores across the endosomal membrane in response to acidic ph, and ... | 2017 | 28545305 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation: from clostridium difficile to inflammatory bowel disease. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has evolved from a case report in the medical literature to the basis of major innovations in the treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and, potentially, inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). in the clinical setting, fmt was noted to significantly lower the risk of recurrent cdi, likely by increasing microbial diversity and altering the metabolic environment in the intestinal tract of recipients. in parallel, advances in the ability to quantify and ... | 2017 | 28546791 |
| evidence-based approach to clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28546796 | |
| synthesis of defined and functionalized glycans of lipoteichoic acid: a cell surface polysaccharide from clostridium difficile. | two structurally defined, functionalized glycans of lipoteichoic acid (lta, also known as ps-iii) from c. difficile, which have one or two repeating units of lta linked to the core trisaccharide, were efficiently synthesized via a convergent [2 + 3] or [2 + 2 + 3] strategy. the α-linkage of both n-acetylglucosamine residues in the repeating unit were constructed with glycosyl imidates of azidosugars as donors, while the phosphodiester bridges between the oligosaccharides were fashioned using h-p ... | 2017 | 28548838 |
| investigation of community carriage rates of clostridium difficile and hungatella hathewayi in healthy volunteers from four regions of england. | faecal samples from 1365 healthy asymptomatic volunteers from four regions in england were screened for the presence of clostridium difficile between december 2013 and july 2014. the carriage rate of c. difficile in healthy patients was 0.5%, which is lower than reported previously. this study demonstrates that the true community reservoir of c. difficile in the healthy uk population is very low and is, therefore, unlikely to be a reservoir for infections diagnosed in the hospital setting. | 2017 | 28549779 |
| trends in the use of laboratory tests for the diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection and association with incidence rates in quebec, canada, 2010-2014. | several clostridium difficile infection (cdi) surveillance programs do not specify laboratory strategies to use. we investigated the evolution in testing strategies used across quebec, canada, and its association with incidence rates. | 2017 | 28549882 |
| clostridium difficile infections in finland, 2008-2015: trends, diagnostics and ribotypes. | we evaluated clostridium difficile (cd) diagnostics in finnish clinical microbiology laboratories during 2006-2011, with an update in 2015, in relation to cd surveillance data of the national infectious disease register (nidr) and ribotyping data from the national reference laboratory during the years 2008-2015. in 2011, diagnostic activity varied regionally more than three-fold and the positivity rate ranged between 7 and 21%. nucleic acid amplification testing (naat) was implemented in the reg ... | 2017 | 28555402 |
| effects of a new hospital-wide surgical consultation protocol in patients with clostridium difficile colitis. | fulminant clostridium difficile colitis (fcdc) occurs in 2%-8% of patients with cdc and carries a high death rate. prompt operation may reduce death. our aim was to determine whether a standardized hospital-wide protocol for surgical referral in cdc would result in earlier surgical consultation, earlier identification of patients who could benefit from surgical therapy, and reduced deaths from fcdc. | 2017 | 28557651 |
| incidence and risk factors for community and hospital acquisition of clostridium difficile infection in the tel aviv sourasky medical center. | objectives to estimate the incidence and identified risk factors for community-acquired (ca) and hospital-acquired (ha) clostridium difficile infection (cdi) methods we conducted 2 parallel case-control studies at tel aviv sourasky medical center from january 1, 2011, to december 31, 2014. we identified persons with cdi, determined whether infection was community or hospital acquired, and calculated incidence rates from 2007 to 2014. we collected demographic, clinical, and epidemiological inform ... | 2017 | 28558856 |
| therapy of the postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome: an update. | after acute infectious gastroenteritis, up to thirty percent of patients present prolonged gastrointestinal symptoms and a part of those affected patients can have the diagnostic criteria for postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. treatment is symptom directed rather than curative and includes agents prescribed for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in general. prophylaxis or early treatment of acute bacterial diarrhea may reduce the risk of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome devel ... | 2017 | 28559695 |
| colitis promotes neuronal differentiation of sox2+ and plp1+ enteric cells. | mechanisms mediating adult enteric neurogenesis are largely unknown. using inflammation-associated neurogenesis models and a transgenic approach, we aimed to understand the cell-source for new neurons in infectious and inflammatory colitis. dextran sodium sulfate (dss) and citrobacter rodentium colitis (cc) was induced in adult mice and colonic neurons were quantified. sox2gfp and plp1gfp mice confirmed the cell-type specificity of these markers. sox2creer:yfp and plp1creer:tdt mice were used to ... | 2017 | 28566702 |
| a retrospective study of patient factors that indicate provider nonadherence to an institutional clostridium difficile treatment guideline. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is treated most often with metronidazole or vancomycin. both have been effective in treatment of mild to moderate infection. in more severe cases, vancomycin may be more effective. | 2017 | 28569127 |
| how chinese clinicians face ethical and social challenges in fecal microbiota transplantation: a questionnaire study. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is reportedly the most effective therapy for relapsing clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and a potential therapeutic option for many diseases. it also poses important ethical concerns. this study is an attempt to assess clinicians' perception and attitudes towards ethical and social challenges raised by fecal microbiota transplantation. | 2017 | 28569156 |
| faecal transplantation for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection in a marmoset. | the common marmoset has been used as an experimental animal for various purposes. because its average weight ranges from 250 to 500 g, weight loss quickly becomes critical for sick animals. therefore, effective and non-stressful treatment for chronic diseases, including diarrhoea, is essential. | 2017 | 28569200 |
| a protocol to characterize the morphological changes of clostridium difficile in response to antibiotic treatment. | assessment of antibiotic action with new drug development directed towards anaerobic bacteria is difficult and technically demanding. to gain insight into possible moa, morphologic changes associated with antibiotic exposure can be visualized using scanning electron microscopy (sem). integrating sem imaging with traditional kill curves may improve our insight into drug action and advance the drug development process. to test this premise, kill curves and sem studies were conducted using drugs wi ... | 2017 | 28570548 |
| editorial: making fecal microbiota transplantation easier to swallow: freeze-dried preparation for recurrent clostridium difficile infections. | fecal microbiota transplant (fmt) has emerged as an effective and increasingly popular therapy for recurrent clostridium difficile infections in patients that have failed standard antimicrobial treatment. patient access to fmt is hampered by the logistics of manufacturing, storing, and delivering the inocula. an observational study describes the development and clinical efficacy of freeze-dried fmt capsules for oral administration. while awaiting the emergence of defined bacterial therapeutics f ... | 2017 | 28572645 |
| functional amplification and preservation of human gut microbiota. | background: the availability of fresh stool samples is a prerequisite in most gut microbiota functional studies. objective: strategies for amplification and long-term gut microbiota preservation from fecal samples would favor sample sharing, help comparisons and reproducibility over time and between laboratories, and improve the safety and ethical issues surrounding fecal microbiota transplantations. design: taking advantage of in vitro gut-simulating systems, we amplified the microbial repertoi ... | 2017 | 28572754 |
| emergence of clostridium difficile tcdc variant 078 in marseille, france. | the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the epidemiology of hypervirulent clostridium difficile ribotypes from january 2013 to february 2017 in the marseille area of southern france. by using the xpert clostridium difficile epi polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay and sequencing the tcdc gene, we characterised c. difficile isolates from symptomatic patients diagnosed with c. difficile infection (cdi) in marseille university hospitals. we first tested retrospectively 278 c. difficile s ... | 2017 | 28573471 |
| epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of infections in patients undergoing liver transplantation for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. | the epidemiology of infection after liver transplantation for hilar cholangiocarcinoma has not been systematically investigated. in this study of 124 patients, 255 infections occurred in 105 patients during the median follow-up of 4.2 years. the median time to first infection was 15.1 weeks (iqr 1.6-62.6). the most common sites were the abdomen, bloodstream, and musculoskeletal system. risk factors for any post-transplant infection were pre-transplant vre colonization (hazard ratio [hr] 1.9, p=. ... | 2017 | 28573685 |
| vancomycin taper and risk of failure of fecal microbiota transplant in patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 109 subjects treated for rcdi with fmt at tertiary referral center between 2011 and 2014 to determine risk factors for fmt failure.. in a multivariate analysis, failure to use an oral vancomycin taper preceding fmt was associated with a significant risk of fmt failure (odds ratio [95% ci], 0.15 [0.007-0.40]). | 2017 | 28575220 |
| comparison of control of clostridium difficile infection in six english hospitals using whole-genome sequencing. | variation in clostridium difficile infection (cdi) rates between healthcare institutions suggests overall incidence could be reduced if the lowest rates could be achieved more widely. | 2017 | 28575285 |
| safety and pharmacokinetic study of fidaxomicin in children with clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a phase 2a multicenter clinical trial. | fidaxomicin is an approved therapy for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) in adults. the safety of fidaxomicin in children has not been reported. | 2017 | 28575523 |
| safety and efficacy of antibacterial prophylaxis after craniotomy: a decision model analysis. | antibiotic prophylaxis has revolutionized the safety of neurosurgical procedures in the last century. today, the clinician's drug of choice before surgery often is based on the antibiotic's resistance profile and drug-induced complications. | 2017 | 28576711 |
| adherence to clinical practice guidelines for the management of clostridium difficile infection in japan: a multicenter retrospective study. | this study was conducted to investigate the adherence to clinical practice guidelines (cpgs) for clostridium difficile infection (cdi). a retrospective multicenter observational study was conducted via chart review at four teaching hospitals in japan from april 2012 through september 2013. cdi was diagnosed based on positive identification of cd toxin by enzyme immunoassay testing. cdi patients were divided into non-severe and severe groups according to the severity criteria of four published gu ... | 2017 | 28577158 |
| assessing the effect of patient screening and isolation on curtailing clostridium difficile infection in hospital settings. | patient screening at the time of hospital admission is not recommended as a routine practice, but may be an important strategy for containment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in hospital settings. we sought to investigate the effect of patient screening in the presence of asymptomatic carriers and in the context of imperfect patient isolation. | 2017 | 28577357 |
| extraintestinal clostridium difficile infection due to a ribotype different from that isolated from the feces of the patient: a case report. | extraintestinal infections due to clostridium difficile are uncommon. when such infections occur, extraintestinal c. difficile isolates are usually identical to fecal isolates. we present a rare case of a large postoperative abscess caused by c. difficile infection, in which different c. difficile strains were isolated from the abscess and from feces of the patient. an 82-year-old woman with cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa developed pain, skin ulcers, and extensive necrosis of the right leg. abov ... | 2017 | 28578133 |
| compliance with clostridium difficile treatment guidelines: effect on patient outcomes. | guidelines for the severity classification and treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) were published by infectious diseases society of america (idsa)/society for healthcare epidemiology of america (shea) in 2010; however, compliance and efficacy of these guidelines has not been widely investigated. this present study assessed compliance with guidelines and its effect on cdi patient outcomes as compared with before these recommendations. a retrospective study included all adult inpati ... | 2017 | 28578710 |
| identifying environmental reservoirs of clostridium difficile with a scent detection dog: preliminary evaluation. | prompted by an article describing a dog trained to detect clostridium difficile in patients, our institution evaluated a dog's ability to detect c. difficile scent from equipment and surfaces to assist in strategic deployment of adjunctive cleaning measures. | 2017 | 28579472 |
| transmission of health care-associated infections from roommates and prior room occupants: a systematic review. | pathogens that cause health care-associated infections (hais) are known to survive on surfaces and equipment in health care environments despite routine cleaning. as a result, the infection status of prior room occupants and roommates may play a role in hai transmission. we performed a systematic review of the literature evaluating the association between patients' exposure to infected/colonized hospital roommates or prior room occupants and their risk of infection/colonization with the same org ... | 2017 | 28579835 |
| clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28580321 | |
| exploiting a host-commensal interaction to promote intestinal barrier function and enteric pathogen tolerance. | commensal intestinal bacteria can prevent pathogenic infection; however, limited knowledge of the mechanisms by which individual bacterial species contribute to pathogen resistance has restricted their potential for therapeutic application. here, we examined how colonization of mice with a human commensal enterococcus faecium protects against enteric infections. we show that e. faecium improves host intestinal epithelial defense programs to limit salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium pathogen ... | 2016 | 28580440 |
| crystal structure of the multiple antibiotic resistance regulator marr from clostridium difficile. | regulators of multiple antibiotic resistance (marrs) are key players against toxins in prokaryotes. marr homologues have been identified in many bacterial and archaeal species which pose daunting antibiotic resistance issues that threaten public health. the continuous prevalence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) throughout the world is associated with the abuse of antibiotics, and antibiotic treatments of cdi have limited effect. in the genome of c. difficile strain 630, the marr gene (id ... | 2017 | 28580925 |
| the recognition and characterisation of finnish clostridium difficile isolates resembling pcr-ribotype 027. | to characterise and compare twenty-eight finnish clostridiumdifficile rt027-like isolates, selected based on the presence of 18 bp deletion in the tcdc gene and toxin gene profile (a, b, binary), with eleven rt027 isolates from different finnish geographical areas and time periods. | 2017 | 28583353 |
| the 5d framework: a clinical primer for fecal microbiota transplantation to treat clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28583769 | |
| safety, tolerability, systemic exposure, and metabolism of crs3123, a methionyl-trna synthetase inhibitor developed for treatment of clostridium difficile, in a phase 1 study. | clostridium difficile causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and is a major public health concern. current therapies disrupt the protective intestinal flora, do not reliably prevent recurrent infections, and will be decreasingly effective should less susceptible strains emerge. crs3123 is an oral agent that inhibits bacterial methionyl-trna synthetase and has potent activity against c. difficile and aerobic gram-positive bacteria but little activity against gram-negative bacteria, including anaer ... | 2017 | 28584140 |
| targeted metabolomics analysis identifies intestinal microbiota-derived urinary biomarkers of colonization resistance in antibiotic-treated mice. | antibiotics excreted into the intestinal tract may disrupt the microbiota that provide colonization resistance against enteric pathogens and alter normal metabolic functions of the microbiota. many of the bacterial metabolites produced in the intestinal tract are absorbed systemically and excreted in urine. here, we used a mouse model to test the hypothesis that alterations in levels of targeted bacterial metabolites in urine specimens could provide useful biomarkers indicating disrupted or inta ... | 2017 | 28584146 |
| different resistance mechanisms for cadazolid and linezolid in clostridium difficile found by whole-genome sequencing analysis. | cadazolid (cdz) is a new antibiotic currently in clinical development for the treatment of clostridium difficile infections. cdz interferes with the bacterial protein synthesis machinery. the aim of the present study was to identify resistance mechanisms for cdz and compare the results to those obtained for linezolid (lzd) in c. difficile by whole-genome sequencing (wgs) of strains generated by in vitro passages and to those obtained for lzd-resistant clinical isolates. clones of c. difficile 63 ... | 2017 | 28584149 |
| bacteria from animals as a pool of antimicrobial resistance genes. | antimicrobial agents are used in both veterinary and human medicine. the intensive use of antimicrobials in animals may promote the fixation of antimicrobial resistance genes in bacteria, which may be zoonotic or capable to transfer these genes to human-adapted pathogens or to human gut microbiota via direct contact, food or the environment. this review summarizes the current knowledge of the use of antimicrobial agents in animal health and explores the role of bacteria from animals as a pool of ... | 2017 | 28587316 |
| effectiveness of various cleaning and disinfectant products on clostridium difficile spores of pcr ribotypes 010, 014 and 027. | in healthcare facilities, clostridium difficile infections spread by transmission of bacterial spores. appropriate sporicidal disinfectants are needed to prevent development of clusters and outbreaks. in this study different cleaning/disinfecting wipes and sprays were tested for their efficacy against spores of distinctive c. difficile pcr ribotypes. | 2017 | 28588767 |
| [individualized treatment strategies for clostridium difficile infections]. | upon hospitalization, up to 15.5% of patients are already colonized with a toxigenic clostridium difficile strain (tcd). the rate of asymptomatic colonization is 0-3% in healthy adults and up to 20-40% in hospitalized patients. the incidence and mortality of c. difficile infection (cdi) has significantly increased during recent years. mortality lies between 3 and 14%. cdi is generally caused by intestinal dysbiosis, which can be triggered by various factors, including antibiotics or immune suppr ... | 2017 | 28589214 |
| repeat rifaximin for irritable bowel syndrome: no clinically significant changes in stool microbial antibiotic sensitivity. | rifaximin has demonstrated efficacy and safety for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (ibs-d). | 2017 | 28589238 |
| vancomycin taper and pulsed regimen with careful follow up for patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | we retrospectively studied vancomycin taper and pulse treatment on 100 consecutive, evaluable patients with recurrent c. difficile infection. following taper to once-daily vancomycin dosing, 22 of 36 patients (61%) who received every-other-day (qod) and 50 of 64 (81%) who received qod followed by every-third-day dosing were cured (p = 0.03). | 2017 | 28591789 |
| [a prospective control study of saccharomyces boulardii in prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in the older inpatients]. | objective: to study the value of saccharomyces boulardii for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in older inpatients. methods: a total of 163 older patients who were treated with wide-spectrum antibiotics at least three days during january 2014 to december 2015 were randomly divided into control and study group. in study group, 81 patients were administrated with oral saccharomyces boulardii 500 mg twice a day for 21 days. the control group was of no intervention. morbidity rate of ... | 2017 | 28592037 |
| external validation of three prediction tools for patients at risk of a complicated course of clostridium difficile infection: disappointing in an outbreak setting. | objective estimating the risk of a complicated course of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) might help doctors guide treatment. we aimed to validate 3 published prediction models: hensgens (2014), na (2015), and welfare (2011). methods the validation cohort comprised 148 patients diagnosed with cdi between may 2013 and march 2014. during this period, 70 endemic cases of cdi occurred as well as 78 cases of cdi related to an outbreak of c. difficile ribotype 027. model calibration and discrimin ... | 2017 | 28592343 |
| distinguishing clostridium difficile recurrence from reinfection: independent validation of current recommendations. | objective distinguishing recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi), defined as cdi caused by the same genotype, from reinfection with a different genotype, has important implications for surveillance and clinical trials investigating treatment effectiveness. we validated the proposed 8-week period for distinguishing "same genotype cdi" from "different genotype cdi," and we aimed to identify clinical variables with distinctiveness to propose an improved definition. methods from january 2004 ... | 2017 | 28592348 |
| cytokines are markers of the clostridium difficile-induced inflammatory response and predict disease severity. | the host immune response affects pathogen virulence in clostridium difficile infection (cdi). thus, cytokine responses to cdi likely are associated with disease initiation and progression. understanding the molecular drivers of inflammation and biochemical markers of disease severity is important for developing novel therapies and predicting disease prognosis. in this study, we investigated cytokine production in patients with cdi and evaluated the potential of cytokines to serve as biomarkers f ... | 2017 | 28592627 |
| clostridium difficile colonization and/or infection during infancy and the risk of childhood allergic diseases. | the gut microbiota can influence several diseases through immune modulation; however, the exact role of microbes such as clostridium difficileand the relationship between microbiota colonization and allergic diseases are not well known. this study aimed to determine the relationship between c. difficilecolonization and/or infection (cdci) during infancy and allergic diseases during early childhood. | 2017 | 28592977 |
| the dangers of extreme body mass index values in patients with clostridium difficile. | to examine the association between body mass index (bmi) and in-hospital mortality in patients presenting with clostridium difficile infections in emergency department visits (ed) in the usa. infected patients with extreme bmis may have an elevated mortality risk, but prior studies examining this question have been too small to reach definitive conclusions. | 2017 | 28593617 |
| dipping into the clostridium difficile pool: are alcohol-based dispensers fomites for c difficile? | the purpose of this study was to evaluate alcohol-based dispensers as potential fomites for clostridium difficile. a convenience sample of 120 alcohol-based dispensers was evaluated for the presence of c difficile either by culture or polymerase chain reaction for c difficile toxin. the results demonstrated that c difficile was not cultured, and c difficile toxin was not detected using polymerase chain reaction; however, gram-positive rods, clostridium perfringens, pantoea agglomerans, coagulase ... | 2017 | 28596022 |