Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| dengue in florida (usa). | florida (usa), particularly the southern portion of the state, is in a precarious situation concerning arboviral diseases. the geographic location, climate, lifestyle, and the volume of travel and commerce are all conducive to arbovirus transmission. during the last decades, imported dengue cases have been regularly recorded in florida, and the recent re-emergence of dengue as a major public health concern in the americas has been accompanied by a steady increase in the number of imported cases. ... | 2014 | 26462955 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of g alpha proteins from the western tarnished plant bug, lygus hesperus. | the gα subunits of heterotrimeric g proteins play critical roles in the activation of diverse signal transduction cascades. however, the role of these genes in chemosensation remains to be fully elucidated. to initiate a comprehensive survey of signal transduction genes, we used homology-based cloning methods and transcriptome data mining to identity gα subunits in the western tarnished plant bug (lygus hesperus knight). among the nine sequences identified were single variants of the gαi, gαo, g ... | 2014 | 26463065 |
| fighting arbovirus transmission: natural and engineered control of vector competence in aedes mosquitoes. | control of aedine mosquito vectors, either by mosquito population reduction or replacement with refractory mosquitoes, may play an essential role in the fight against arboviral diseases. in this review, we will focus on the development and application of biological approaches, both natural or engineered, to limit mosquito vector competence for arboviruses. the study of mosquito antiviral immunity has led to the identification of a number of host response mechanisms and proteins that are required ... | 2015 | 26463078 |
| insect pathogenic bacteria in integrated pest management. | the scientific community working in the field of insect pathology is experiencing an increasing academic and industrial interest in the discovery and development of new bioinsecticides as environmentally friendly pest control tools to be integrated, in combination or rotation, with chemicals in pest management programs. in this scientific context, market data report a significant growth of the biopesticide segment. acquisition of new technologies by multinational ag-tech companies is the center ... | 2015 | 26463190 |
| aedes aegypti control strategies in brazil: incorporation of new technologies to overcome the persistence of dengue epidemics. | dengue is considered to be the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. the aedes aegypti mosquito, its vector, is highly anthropophilic and is very well adapted to urban environments. although several vaccine candidates are in advanced stages of development no licensed dengue vaccine is yet available. as a result, controlling the spread of dengue still requires that mosquitoes be targeted directly. we review the current methods of dengue vector control focusing on recent techni ... | 2015 | 26463204 |
| association between three mutations, f1565c, v1023g and s996p, in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene and knockdown resistance in aedes aegypti from yogyakarta, indonesia. | mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene (vssc) have been identified in aedes aegypti and some have been associated with pyrethroid insecticide resistance. whether these mutations cause resistance, alone or in combination with other alleles, remains unclear, but must be understood if mutations are to become markers for resistance monitoring. we describe high resolution melt (hrm) genotyping assays for assessing mutations found in ae. aegypti in indonesia (f1565c, v1023g, s996p) and ... | 2015 | 26463408 |
| laboratory and simulated field bioassays to evaluate larvicidal activity of pinus densiflora hydrodistillate, its constituents and structurally related compounds against aedes albopictus, aedes aegypti and culex pipiens pallens in relation to their inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase activity. | the toxicity of pinus densiflora (red pine) hydrodistillate, its 19 constituents and 28 structurally related compounds against early third-instar larvae of aedes albopictus (ae. albopictus), aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) and culex pipiens palles (cx. p. pallens) was examined using direct-contact bioassays. the efficacy of active compounds was further evaluated in semi-field bioassays using field-collected larval cx. p. pallens. results were compared with those of two synthetic larvicides, temephos ... | 2013 | 26464387 |
| midgut immune responses induced by bacterial infection in the silkworm, bombyx mori. | insect gut epithelial cells produce reactive oxygen species (ros) and antimicrobial peptides (amps) to protect hosts from pathogenic microorganisms. in this study, we evaluate the pathogenicity of pseudomonas aeruginosa and bacillus bombysepticus in the silkworm, bombyx mori. survival curves show that b. bombysepticus is deadly when larval silkworms are infected orally. bacterial infection caused intestinal hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and nitric oxide (no) levels to increase significantly by 8 and ... | 2015 | 26465135 |
| larvicidal activity of pereskia bleo (kunth) dc. (cactaceae) fruit endocarp crude and fractionated extracts against aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae). | the use of insecticides can cause adverse effects in vector control, a plant bio-insecticide is an advantageous substitute. currently, the promising mosquito larvicidal activity from plant extracts has been reported worldwide, including thailand. in this study, the endocarp of pereskia bleo (kunth) dc. fruit was extracted with distilled water and ethanol. crudes and fractionated groups of the extracts were evaluated for their larvicidal efficacy against the 3rd instar larvae of aedes aegypti. at ... | 2014 | 26466415 |
| reciprocal trophic interactions and transmission of blood parasites between mosquitoes and frogs. | the relationship between mosquitoes and their amphibian hosts is a unique, reciprocal trophic interaction. instead of a one-way, predator-prey relationship, there is a cyclical dance of avoidance and attraction. this has prompted spatial and temporal synchrony between organisms, reflected in emergence time of mosquitoes in the spring and choice of habitat for oviposition. frog-feeding mosquitoes also possess different sensory apparatuses than do their mammal-feeding counterparts. the reciprocal ... | 2012 | 26466534 |
| new insights into control of arbovirus replication and spread by insect rna interference pathways. | arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses are transmitted by vectors, such as mosquitoes, to susceptible vertebrates. recent research has shown that arbovirus replication and spread in mosquitoes is not passively tolerated but induces host responses to control these pathogens. small rna-mediated host responses are key players among these antiviral immune strategies. studies into one such small rna-mediated antiviral response, the exogenous rna interference (rnai) pathway, have generated a wealth of informa ... | 2012 | 26466541 |
| endosymbiont tolerance and control within insect hosts. | bacterial endosymbioses are very common in insects and can range from obligate to facultative as well as from mutualistic to pathogenic associations. several recent studies provide new insight into how endosymbionts manage to establish chronic infections of their hosts without being eliminated by the host immune system. endosymbiont tolerance may be achieved either by specific bacterial adaptations or by host measurements shielding bacteria from innate defense mechanisms. nevertheless, insect ho ... | 2012 | 26466544 |
| rna-seq study of microbially induced hemocyte transcripts from larval heliothis virescens (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | larvae of the tobacco budworm are major polyphagous pests throughout the americas. development of effective microbial biopesticides for this and related noctuid pests has been stymied by the natural resistance mediated innate immune response. hemocytes play an early and central role in activating and coordinating immune responses to entomopathogens. to approach this problem we completed rna-seq expression profiling of hemocytes collected from larvae following an in vivo challenge with bacterial ... | 2012 | 26466627 |
| an overview of the components of aw-ipm campaigns against the new world screwworm. | the new world screwworm, cochliomyia hominivorax (coquerel), is one of the most damaging parasites of livestock, causing millions of dollars in annual losses to producers. the fly is an obligate parasite of warm-blooded animals, including humans. after a successful 50-year eradication campaign, c. hominivorax has been eradicated from the usa, mexico and central america by an area-wide integrated pest management approach. recently, caribbean and south american countries have expressed an interest ... | 2012 | 26466720 |
| non-target effects of green fluorescent protein (gfp)-derived double-stranded rna (dsrna-gfp) used in honey bee rna interference (rnai) assays. | rna interference has been frequently applied to modulate gene function in organisms where the production and maintenance of mutants is challenging, as in our model of study, the honey bee, apis mellifera. a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-derived double-stranded rna (dsrna-gfp) is currently commonly used as control in honey bee rnai experiments, since its gene does not exist in the a. mellifera genome. although dsrna-gfp is not expected to trigger rnai responses in treated bees, undesirable effe ... | 2013 | 26466797 |
| metabolic resistance in bed bugs. | blood-feeding insects have evolved resistance to various insecticides (organochlorines, pyrethroids, carbamates, etc.) through gene mutations and increased metabolism. bed bugs (cimex lectularius) are hematophagous ectoparasites that are poised to become one of the major pests in households throughout the united states. currently, c. lectularius has attained a high global impact status due to its sudden and rampant resurgence. resistance to pesticides is one factor implicated in this phenomenon. ... | 2011 | 26467498 |
| survivorship during starvation for cimex lectularius l. | four bed bug strains (cimex lectularius) with different levels of pyrethroid resistance were evaluated to determine their ability to survive extended periods of starvation. first instar bed bugs of all strains were the most vulnerable to starvation (13.8-36.3 days mean survival time). fifth instars and adults survived the longest during starvation (41.5-142.6 days). significant differences in survivorship during starvation were observed between resistant and susceptible strains of bed bugs. over ... | 2011 | 26467625 |
| insect sex determination manipulated by their endosymbionts: incidences, mechanisms and implications. | the sex-determining systems of arthropods are surprisingly diverse. some species have male or female heterogametic sex chromosomes while other species do not have sex chromosomes. most species are diploids but some species, including wasps, ants, thrips and mites, are haplodiploids (n in males; 2n in females). many of the sexual aberrations, such as sexual mosaics, sex-specific lethality and conversion of sexuality, can be explained by developmental defects including double fertilization of a bi ... | 2012 | 26467955 |
| modification of insect and arachnid behaviours by vertically transmitted endosymbionts: infections as drivers of behavioural change and evolutionary novelty. | vertically acquired, endosymbiotic bacteria such as those belonging to the rickettsiales and the mollicutes are known to influence the biology of their arthropod hosts in order to favour their own transmission. in this study we investigate the influence of such reproductive parasites on the behavior of their insects and arachnid hosts. we find that changes in host behavior that are associated with endosymbiont infections are not restricted to characteristics that are directly associated with rep ... | 2012 | 26467958 |
| molecular mechanisms of transcription activation by juvenile hormone: a critical role for bhlh-pas and nuclear receptor proteins. | juvenile hormone (jh) is responsible for controlling many biological processes. in several insect species jh has been implicated as a key regulator of developmental timing, preventing the premature onset of metamorphosis during larval growth periods. however, the molecular basis of jh action is not well-understood. in this review, we highlight recent advances which demonstrate the importance of transcription factors from the bhlh-pas and nuclear receptor families in mediating the response to jh. | 2012 | 26467963 |
| big city, small world: density, contact rates, and transmission of dengue across pakistan. | macroscopic descriptions of populations commonly assume that encounters between individuals are well mixed; i.e. each individual has an equal chance of coming into contact with any other individual. relaxing this assumption can be challenging though, due to the difficulty of acquiring detailed knowledge about the non-random nature of encounters. here, we fitted a mathematical model of dengue virus transmission to spatial time-series data from pakistan and compared maximum-likelihood estimates of ... | 0 | 26468065 |
| the phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine receptor cd300a binds dengue virus and enhances infection. | dengue virus (denv) is the etiological agent of the major human arboviral disease. we previously demonstrated that the tim and tam families of phosphatidylserine (ptdser) receptors involved in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells mediate denv entry into target cells. we show here that human cd300a, a recently identified phospholipid receptor, also binds directly denv particles and enhances viral entry. cd300a facilitates infection of the four denv serotypes, as well as of other mosquito-borne vir ... | 2015 | 26468529 |
| parameters of mosquito-enhanced west nile virus infection. | the arthropod-borne west nile virus (wnv) emerged in new york state in 1999 and quickly spread throughout the united states. transmission is maintained in an enzootic cycle in which infected mosquitoes transmit the virus to susceptible hosts during probing and feeding. arthropod-derived components within the viral inoculum are increasingly acknowledged to play a role in infection of vertebrate hosts. we previously showed that culex tarsalis mosquito saliva and salivary gland extract (sge) enhanc ... | 2015 | 26468544 |
| comparison of field and laboratory-based tests for behavioral response of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) to repellents. | the repellent and irritant effects of three essential oils-clove, hairy basil, and sweet basil-were compared using an excito-repellency test system against an insecticide-resistant strain of aedes aegypti (l.) females from pu teuy, kanchanaburi province. deet was used as the comparison standard compound. tests were conducted under field and controlled laboratory conditions. the most marked repellent effect (spatial noncontact assay) among the three test essential oils was exhibited by sweet basi ... | 2015 | 26470388 |
| age and prior blood feeding of anopheles gambiae influences their susceptibility and gene expression patterns to ivermectin-containing blood meals. | ivermectin has been proposed as a novel malaria transmission control tool based on its insecticidal properties and unique route of acquisition through human blood. to maximize ivermectin's effect and identify potential resistance/tolerance mechanisms, it is important to understand its effect on mosquito physiology and potential to shift mosquito population age-structure. we therefore investigated ivermectin susceptibility and gene expression changes in several age groups of female anopheles gamb ... | 2015 | 26471037 |
| location of and landing on a source of human body odour by female culex quinquefasciatus in still and moving air. | the orientation to and landing on a source of human odour by female culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae) is observed in a wind tunnel without an airflow or with a laminar airflow of 0.2 m s(-1). odours from human feet are collected by 'wearing' clean glass beads inside a stocking and presenting beads in a petri dish in a wind tunnel. mosquitoes are activated by brief exposure to a 1 l min(-1) jet of 4% co2 positioned 10 cm from the release cage. in moving air at 0.2 m s(-1), a mean of ... | 0 | 26472918 |
| copulation activity, sperm production and conidia transfer in aedes aegypti males contaminated by metarhizium anisopliae: a biological control prospect. | dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease transmitted by aedes aegypti worldwide, whose chemical control is difficult, expensive, and of inconsistent efficacy. releases of metarhizium anisopliae--exposed ae. aegypti males to disseminate conidia among female mosquitoes by mating represents a promising biological control approach against this important vector. a better understanding of fungus virulence and impact on reproductive parameters of ae. aegypti, is need before testing auto-dissemina ... | 2015 | 26473490 |
| serological evidence of chikungunya virus among acute febrile patients in southern mozambique. | in the last two decades, chikungunya virus (chikv) has rapidly expanded to several geographical areas, causing frequent outbreaks in sub-saharan africa, south east asia, south america, and europe. therefore, the disease remains heavily neglected in mozambique, and no recent study has been conducted. | 2015 | 26473605 |
| constituents and pharmacological activities of myrcia (myrtaceae): a review of an aromatic and medicinal group of plants. | myrcia is one of the largest genera of the economically important family myrtaceae. some of the species are used in folk medicine, such as a group known as "pedra-hume-caá" or "pedra-ume-caá" or "insulina vegetal" (insulin plant) that it is used for the treatment of diabetes. the species are an important source of essential oils, and most of the chemical studies on myrcia describe the chemical composition of the essential oils, in which mono- and sesquiterpenes are predominant. the non-volatile ... | 2015 | 26473832 |
| identifying the role of e2 domains on alphavirus neutralization and protective immune responses. | chikungunya virus (chikv) and other alphaviruses are the etiologic agents of numerous diseases in both humans and animals. despite this, the viral mediators of protective immunity against alphaviruses are poorly understood, highlighted by the lack of a licensed human vaccine for any member of this virus genus. the alphavirus e2, the receptor-binding envelope protein, is considered to be the predominant target of the protective host immune response. although envelope protein domains have been stu ... | 2015 | 26473963 |
| the influence of ambient temperature on the susceptibility of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) to the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin. | insecticides are the most common strategy used for the management of mosquitoes. changes in ambient temperature can alter the toxicity of insecticides to ectothermic organisms. studies show organophosphate insecticides exhibit a positive correlation between ambient temperature and mortality for many insect species, and carbamate insecticides exhibit a slightly negative correlation between ambient temperature and mortality. pyrethroid insecticides exhibit a distinctly negative correlation between ... | 2016 | 26477050 |
| a role for vector control in dengue vaccine programs. | development and deployment of a successful dengue virus (denv) vaccine has confounded research and pharmaceutical entities owing to the complex nature of denv immunity and concerns over exacerbating the risk of denv hemorrhagic fever (dhf) as a consequence of vaccination. thus, consensus is growing that a combination of mitigation strategies will be needed for denv to be successfully controlled, likely involving some form of vector control to enhance a vaccine program. we present here a determin ... | 2015 | 26478199 |
| rnai knockdown of acetyl-coa carboxylase gene eliminates jinggangmycin-enhanced reproduction and population growth in the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens. | a major challenge in ecology lies in understanding the coexistence of intraguild species, well documented at the organismal level, but not at the molecular level. this study focused on the effects of the antibiotic, jinggangmycin (jgm), a fungicide widely used in asian rice agroecosystems, on reproduction of insects within the planthopper guild, including the brown planthopper (bph) nilaparvata lugens and the white-backed planthopper (wbph) sogatella furcifera, both serious resurgence rice pests ... | 2015 | 26482193 |
| the importance of multiparasitism: examining the consequences of co-infections for human and animal health. | most parasites co-occur with other parasites, although the importance of such multiparasitism has only recently been recognised. co-infections may result when hosts are independently infected by different parasites at the same time or when interactions among parasite species facilitate co-occurrence. such interactions can have important repercussions on human or animal health because they can alter host susceptibility, infection duration, transmission risks, and clinical symptoms. these interact ... | 2015 | 26482351 |
| analysis of 5' gene regions reveals extraordinary conservation of novel non-coding sequences in a wide range of animals. | phylogenetic footprinting is a comparative method based on the principle that functional sequence elements will acquire fewer mutations over time than non-functional sequences. successful comparisons of distantly related species will thus yield highly important sequence elements likely to serve fundamental biological roles. rna regulatory elements are less well understood than those in dna. in this study we use the emerging model organism nasonia vitripennis, a parasitic wasp, in a comparative a ... | 2015 | 26482678 |
| genome sequence of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, reveals insights into its biology, genetics, and evolution. | the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, is a highly successful invasive species that transmits a number of human viral diseases, including dengue and chikungunya fevers. this species has a large genome with significant population-based size variation. the complete genome sequence was determined for the foshan strain, an established laboratory colony derived from wild mosquitoes from southeastern china, a region within the historical range of the origin of the species. the genome comprises 1, ... | 2015 | 26483478 |
| identification and profiling of conserved and novel micrornas in laodelphax striatellus in response to rice black-streaked dwarf virus (rbsdv) infection. | micrornas (mirnas) are small non-coding endogenous rna molecules that play important roles in various biological processes. this study examined microrna profiles of laodelphax striatellus using the small rna libraries derived from virus free (vf) and rice black-streaked dwarf virus (rbsdv) infected (rb) insects. a total of 59 mature mirnas (46 mirna families) were identified as conserved insect mirnas in both vf and rb libraries. among these conserved mirnas, 24 were derived from the two arms of ... | 2014 | 26484150 |
| loss of glycosaminoglycan receptor binding after mosquito cell passage reduces chikungunya virus infectivity. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that can cause fever and chronic arthritis in humans. chikv that is generated in mosquito or mammalian cells differs in glycosylation patterns of viral proteins, which may affect its replication and virulence. herein, we compare replication, pathogenicity, and receptor binding of chikv generated in vero cells (mammal) or c6/36 cells (mosquito) through a single passage. we demonstrate that mosquito cell-derived chikv (chikv mos) has s ... | 2015 | 26484530 |
| identification of qtls conferring resistance to deltamethrin in culex pipiens pallens. | culex pipiens pallens is the most abundant culex mosquito species in northern china and is an important vector of bancroftian filariasis and west nile virus. deltamethrin is an insecticide that is widely used for mosquito control, however resistance to this and other insecticides has become a major challenge in the control of vector-borne diseases that appear to be inherited quantitatively. furthermore, the genetic basis of insecticide resistance remains poorly understood. in this study, quantit ... | 2015 | 26484540 |
| flea-associated bacterial communities across an environmental transect in a plague-endemic region of uganda. | the vast majority of human plague cases currently occur in sub-saharan africa. the primary route of transmission of yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is via flea bites. non-pathogenic flea-associated bacteria may interact with y. pestis within fleas and it is important to understand what factors govern flea-associated bacterial assemblages. six species of fleas were collected from nine rodent species from ten ugandan villages between october 2010 and march 2011. a total of 660,345 ... | 2015 | 26485147 |
| comparative rna seq analysis of the new zealand glowworm arachnocampa luminosa reveals bioluminescence-related genes. | the new zealand glowworm is the larva of a carnivorous fungus gnat that produces bioluminescence to attract prey. the bioluminescent system of the glowworm is evolutionarily distinct from other well-characterised systems, especially that of the fireflies, and the molecules involved have not yet been identified. we have used high throughput sequencing technology to produce a transcriptome for the glowworm and identify transcripts encoding proteins that are likely to be involved in glowworm biolum ... | 2015 | 26486607 |
| chikungunya virus as cause of febrile illness outbreak, chiapas, mexico, 2014. | since chikungunya virus (chikv) was introduced into the americas in 2013, its geographic distribution has rapidly expanded. of 119 serum samples collected in 2014 from febrile patients in southern mexico, 79% were positive for chikv or igm against chikv. sequencing results confirmed chikv strains closely related to caribbean isolates. | 0 | 26488312 |
| mosquito-specific microrna-1890 targets the juvenile hormone-regulated serine protease jha15 in the female mosquito gut. | females of the hematophagous mosquito species require a vertebrate blood meal to supply amino acids and other nutrients necessary for egg development, serving as the driving force for the spread of many vector-borne diseases in humans. blood digestion utilizes both early and late phase serine proteases (sps) that are differentially regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. to uncover the regulatory complexity of sps in the female mosquito midgut, we investigated involvemen ... | 0 | 26488481 |
| larval temperature-food effects on adult mosquito infection and vertical transmission of dengue-1 virus. | temperature-food interactions in the larval environment can affect life history and population growth of container mosquitoes aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus skuse, the primary vectors of chikungunya and dengue viruses. we used ae. aegypti, ae. albopictus, and dengue-1 virus (denv-1) from florida to investigate whether larval rearing temperature can alter the effects of larval food levels on ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus life history and denv-1 infection and vertical transmission. altho ... | 2015 | 26489999 |
| γδ t cells play a protective role in chikungunya virus-induced disease. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is an alphavirus responsible for causing epidemic outbreaks of polyarthralgia in humans. because chikv is initially introduced via the skin, where γδ t cells are prevalent, we evaluated the response of these cells to chikv infection. chikv infection led to a significant increase in γδ t cells in the infected foot and draining lymph node that was associated with the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in c57bl/6j mice. γδ t cell(-/-) mice demonstrated ... | 2015 | 26491151 |
| dengue virus infection of aedes aegypti requires a putative cysteine rich venom protein. | dengue virus (denv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes serious human disease and mortality worldwide. there is no specific antiviral therapy or vaccine for denv infection. alterations in gene expression during denv infection of the mosquito and the impact of these changes on virus infection are important events to investigate in hopes of creating new treatments and vaccines. we previously identified 203 genes that were ≥5-fold differentially upregulated during flavivirus infection of the ... | 2015 | 26491875 |
| utilization of an eilat virus-based chimera for serological detection of chikungunya infection. | in december of 2013, chikungunya virus (chikv), an alphavirus in the family togaviridae, was introduced to the island of saint martin in the caribbean, resulting in the first autochthonous cases reported in the americas. as of january 2015, local and imported chikv has been reported in 50 american countries with over 1.1 million suspected cases. chikv causes a severe arthralgic disease for which there are no approved vaccines or therapeutics. furthermore, the lack of a commercially available, se ... | 2015 | 26492074 |
| modeling occurrence of urban mosquitos based on land use types and meteorological factors in korea. | mosquitoes are a public health concern because they are vectors of pathogen, which cause human-related diseases. it is well known that the occurrence of mosquitoes is highly influenced by meteorological conditions (e.g., temperature and precipitation) and land use, but there are insufficient studies quantifying their impacts. therefore, three analytical methods were applied to determine the relationships between urban mosquito occurrence, land use type, and meteorological factors: cluster analys ... | 2015 | 26492260 |
| diagnosis of dengue infection using conventional and biosensor based techniques. | dengue is an arthropod-borne viral disease caused by four antigenically different serotypes of dengue virus. this disease is considered as a major public health concern around the world. currently, there is no licensed vaccine or antiviral drug available for the prevention and treatment of dengue disease. moreover, clinical features of dengue are indistinguishable from other infectious diseases such as malaria, chikungunya, rickettsia and leptospira. therefore, prompt and accurate laboratory dia ... | 2015 | 26492265 |
| bacteria endosymbiont, wolbachia, promotes parasitism of parasitoid wasp asobara japonica. | wolbachia is the most widespread endosymbiotic bacterium that manipulates reproduction of its arthropod hosts to enhance its own spread throughout host populations. infection with wolbachia causes complete parthenogenetic reproduction in many hymenoptera, producing only female offspring. the mechanism of such reproductive manipulation by wolbachia has been extensively studied. however, the effects of wolbachia symbiosis on behavioral traits of the hosts are scarcely investigated. the parasitoid ... | 2015 | 26492411 |
| contrasting genetic structure between mitochondrial and nuclear markers in the dengue fever mosquito from rio de janeiro: implications for vector control. | dengue is the most prevalent global arboviral disease that affects over 300 million people every year. brazil has the highest number of dengue cases in the world, with the most severe epidemics in the city of rio de janeiro (rio). the effective control of dengue is critically dependent on the knowledge of population genetic structuring in the primary dengue vector, the mosquito aedes aegypti. we analyzed mitochondrial and nuclear genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism markers generated via re ... | 2015 | 26495042 |
| heterosis increases fertility, fecundity, and survival of laboratory-produced f1 hybrid males of the malaria mosquito anopheles coluzzii. | the success of vector control strategies aiming to decrease disease transmission via the release of sterile or genetically-modified male mosquitoes critically depends on mating between laboratory-reared males and wild females. unfortunately, mosquito colonization, laboratory rearing, and genetic manipulations can all negatively affect male competitiveness. heterosis is commonly used to produce domestic animals with enhanced vigor and homogenous genetic background and could therefore potentially ... | 2015 | 26497140 |
| genome-wide dna methylome variation in two genetically distinct chicken lines using methylc-seq. | dna cytosine methylation is an important epigenetic modification that has significant effects on a variety of biological processes in animals. avian species hold a crucial position in evolutionary history. in this study, we used whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (methylc-seq) to generate single base methylation profiles of lungs in two genetically distinct and highly inbred chicken lines (fayoumi and leghorn) that differ in genetic resistance to multiple pathogens, and we explored the potential ... | 2015 | 26497311 |
| traditional medicine practices among community members with chronic kidney disease in northern tanzania: an ethnomedical survey. | in sub-saharan africa, chronic kidney disease (ckd) is being recognized as a non-communicable disease (ncd) with high morbidity and mortality. in countries like tanzania, people access many sources, including traditional medicines, to meet their healthcare needs for ncds, but little is known about traditional medicine practices among people with ckd. therefore, we sought to characterize these practices among community members with ckd in northern tanzania. | 2015 | 26499070 |
| minimizing off-target mutagenesis risks caused by programmable nucleases. | programmable nucleases, such as zinc finger nucleases (zfns), transcription activator like effector nucleases (talens), and clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats associated protein-9 (crispr-cas9), hold tremendous potential for applications in the clinical setting to treat genetic diseases or prevent infectious diseases. however, because the accuracy of dna recognition by these nucleases is not always perfect, off-target mutagenesis may result in undesirable adverse events i ... | 2015 | 26501275 |
| the siren's song: exploitation of female flight tones to passively capture male aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | the need to capture male mosquitoes has intensified recently as a result of a number of male-based sterile insect technique (sit) and population-modification programs focused on aedes aegypti (l.) having initiated field releases. here, we report the results of the successful exploitation of the attraction of male ae. aegypti to female flight tones to enhance male collections in nonmechanical passive (nonbattery powered) gravid aedes traps (gat). prior to field studies, male attraction to female ... | 2016 | 26502754 |
| sequence analysis, expression profiles and function of thioredoxin 2 and thioredoxin reductase 1 in resistance to nucleopolyhedrovirus in helicoverpa armigera. | the thioredoxin system, including nadph, thioredoxin (trx), and thioredoxin reductase (trxr), plays significant roles in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis and protecting organisms against oxidative damage. in this study, the characteristics and functions of h. armigera hatrx2 and hatrxr1 were identified. sequence analysis showed that hatrx2 and hatrxr1 were both highly conserved and shared high sequence identity with other insect counterparts. the mrna of hatrx2 was expressed the highe ... | 2015 | 26502992 |
| dengue knowledge and preventive practices in iquitos, peru. | as part of a cluster-randomized trial to evaluate insecticide-treated curtains for dengue prevention in iquitos, peru, we surveyed 1,333 study participants to examine knowledge and reported practices associated with dengue and its prevention. entomological data from 1,133 of these households were linked to the survey. most participants knew that dengue was transmitted by mosquito bite (85.6%), but only few (18.6%) knew that dengue vectors bite during daytime. most commonly recognized dengue symp ... | 2015 | 26503276 |
| comparative transcriptomic analysis of immune responses of the migratory locust, locusta migratoria, to challenge by the fungal insect pathogen, metarhizium acridum. | the migratory locust, locusta migratoria manilensis, is an immensely destructive agricultural pest that forms a devastating and voracious gregarious phase. the fungal insect pathogen, metarhizium acridum, is a specialized locust pathogen that has been used as a potent mycoinsecticide for locust control. little, however, is known about locust immune tissue, i.e. fat body and hemocyte, responses to challenge by this fungus. | 2015 | 26503342 |
| the effects of socioeconomic and environmental factors on the incidence of dengue fever in the pearl river delta, china, 2013. | an outbreak of dengue fever (df) occurred in guangdong province, china in 2013 with the highest number of cases observed within the preceding ten years. df cases were clustered in the pearl river delta economic zone (prd) in guangdong province, which accounted for 99.6% of all cases in guangdong province in 2013. the main vector in prd was aedes albopictus. we investigated the socioeconomic and environmental factors at the township level and explored how the independent variables jointly affect ... | 2015 | 26506616 |
| dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in adults. | dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever are re-emerging diseases that are endemic in the tropics. the global prevalence of dengue cases has increased in south-east asia, africa, the western pacific, and the americas. the increasingly widespread distribution and the rising incidence of dengue virus infections are related to increased distribution of aedes aegypti, an increasingly urban population, and increasing air travel. several southeast asian countries show that the age of the reported den ... | 2015 | 26506734 |
| field evaluation of the establishment potential of wmelpop wolbachia in australia and vietnam for dengue control. | introduced wolbachia bacteria can influence the susceptibility of aedes aegypti mosquitoes to arboviral infections as well as having detrimental effects on host fitness. previous field trials demonstrated that the wmel strain of wolbachia effectively and durably invades ae. aegypti populations. here we report on trials of a second strain, wmelpop-pgyp wolbachia, in field sites in northern australia (machans beach and babinda) and central vietnam (tri nguyen, hon mieu island), each with contrasti ... | 2015 | 26510523 |
| physical features and chitin content of eggs from the mosquito vectors aedes aegypti, anopheles aquasalis and culex quinquefasciatus: connection with distinct levels of resistance to desiccation. | mosquito eggs are laid in water but freshly laid eggs are susceptible to dehydration, if their surroundings dry out at the first hours of development. during embryogenesis of different mosquito vectors the serosal cuticle, an extracellular matrix, is produced; it wraps the whole embryo and becomes part of the eggshell. this cuticle is an essential component of the egg resistance to desiccation (erd). however, erd is variable among species, sustaining egg viability for different periods of time. ... | 2015 | 26514070 |
| midgut of the non-hematophagous mosquito toxorhynchites theobaldi (diptera, culicidae). | in most mosquito species, the females require a blood-feeding for complete egg development. however, in toxorhynchites mosquitoes, the eggs develop without blood-feeding, and both females and males exclusively feed on sugary diets. the midgut is a well-understood organ in blood-feeding mosquitoes, but little is known about it in non-blood-feeding ones. in the present study, the detailed morphology of the midgut of toxorhynchites theobaldi were investigated using histochemical and ultrastructural ... | 2015 | 26514271 |
| dengue virus infection alters post-transcriptional modification of micrornas in the mosquito vector aedes aegypti. | recent discoveries regarding the importance of isomirs have increased our understanding of the regulatory complexities of the mirnaome. observed changes in the mirna profiles in mosquitoes infected with flaviviruses have implicated small rnas in the interactions between viruses and their vectors. here we analysed the isomir profiles of both uninfected and infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes with the major human pathogen dengue virus (denv). we found that several specific isomirs were significantly ... | 2015 | 26514826 |
| hormonal regulation of response to oxidative stress in insects-an update. | insects, like other organisms, must deal with a wide variety of potentially challenging environmental factors during the course of their life. an important example of such a challenge is the phenomenon of oxidative stress. this review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of adipokinetic hormones (akh) as principal stress responsive hormones in insects involved in activation of anti-oxidative stress response pathways. emphasis is placed on an analysis of oxidative stress experimentally in ... | 2015 | 26516847 |
| exposure to west nile virus increases bacterial diversity and immune gene expression in culex pipiens. | complex interactions between microbial residents of mosquitoes and arboviruses are likely to influence many aspects of vectorial capacity and could potentially have profound effects on patterns of arbovirus transmission. such interactions have not been well studied for west nile virus (wnv; flaviviridae, flavivirus) and culex spp. mosquitoes. we utilized next-generation sequencing of 16s ribosomal rna bacterial genes derived from culex pipiens linnaeus following wnv exposure and/or infection and ... | 2015 | 26516902 |
| phenotypic and genotypic profile of pyrethroid resistance in populations of the mosquito aedes aegypti from goiânia, central west brazil. | the mosquito aedes aegypti has evolved resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. the present study evaluated ae. aegypti from goiânia for the resistant phenotype and for mutations associated with resistance. | 2015 | 26516973 |
| draft genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis 147, a brazilian strain with high insecticidal activity. | bacillus thuringiensis is a ubiquitous gram-positive and sporulating bacterium. its crystals and secreted toxins are useful tools against larvae of diverse insect orders and, as a consequence, an alternative to recalcitrant chemical insecticides. we report here the draft genome sequence of b. thuringiensis147, a strain isolated from brazil and with high insecticidal activity. the assembled genome contained 6,167,994 bp and was distributed in seven replicons (a chromosome and 6 plasmids). we iden ... | 0 | 26517667 |
| nepenthes ampullaria (nepenthaceae) pitchers are unattractive to gravid aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | nepenthes pitcher plants are colonized by a variety of specialized arthropods. as aedes mosquitoes are container breeders, nepenthes pitchers are a potential candidate oviposition site for vector species, such as aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse). however, aedes spp. are not commonly encountered in nepenthes pitchers, and the environment inside the pitchers of some species is lethal to them. one exception is nepenthes ampullaria jack, whose pitchers are known to be colonized by ae. ... | 2016 | 26518035 |
| historical inability to control aedes aegypti as a main contributor of fast dispersal of chikungunya outbreaks in latin america. | the arrival of chikungunya fever (chikf) in latin american countries has been expected to trigger epidemics and challenge health systems. historically considered as dengue-endemic countries, abundant aedes aegypti populations make this region highly vulnerable to chikungunya virus (chikv) circulation. this review describes the current dengue and chikf epidemiological situations, as well as the role of uncontrolled ae. aegypti and aedes albopictus vectors in spreading the emerging chikv. comments ... | 2015 | 26518229 |
| the evolutionary landscape of intergenic trans-splicing events in insects. | to explore the landscape of intergenic trans-splicing events and characterize their functions and evolutionary dynamics, we conduct a mega-data study of a phylogeny containing eight species across five orders of class insecta, a model system spanning 400 million years of evolution. a total of 1,627 trans-splicing events involving 2,199 genes are identified, accounting for 1.58% of the total genes. homology analysis reveals that mod(mdg4)-like trans-splicing is the only conserved event that is co ... | 2015 | 26521696 |
| human odorant reception in the common bed bug, cimex lectularius. | the common bed bug cimex lectularius is a temporary ectoparasite on humans and currently resurgent in many developed countries. the ability of bed bugs to detect human odorants in the environment is critical for their host-seeking behavior. this study deciphered the chemical basis of host detection by investigating the neuronal response of olfactory sensilla to 104 human odorants using single sensillum recording and characterized the electro-physiological responses of bed bug odorant receptors t ... | 2015 | 26522967 |
| essential oils from zanthoxylum fagara wild lime, ruta chalepensis l. and thymus vulgaris l.: composition and activity against aedes aegypti larvae. | the dengue virus is transmitted by aedes aegypti. several plants are used to control this mosquito. in the present study the chemical composition of the essential oils of ruta chalepensis, zanthoxylum fagara and thymus vulgaris were analyzed, and their activities against larvae of two a. aegypti populations were evaluated. the major compounds found in t. vulgaris were thymol and -cymene at 39.8% and 30.5%, respectively, with the major components being oxygenated monoterpenes and monoterpene hyd ... | 2015 | 26525020 |
| evidence for an overwintering population of aedes aegypti in capitol hill neighborhood, washington, dc. | aedes aegypti is an invasive, highly anthropophilic mosquito and a major vector for dengue and chikungunya. population persistence in the continental united states is reportedly limited to southward of the average 10°c winter isotherm, which in the east, bisects alabama, mississippi, georgia, and south carolina. we report on summer collections and genotypic analyses of ae. aegypti collected in the capitol hill neighborhood in washington, dc (wdc). analysis of a 441-bp fragment of the mitochondri ... | 2015 | 26526922 |
| potential of selected senegalese aedes spp. mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) to transmit zika virus. | zika virus (zikv; genus flavivirus, family flaviviridae) is an emerging virus of medical importance maintained in a zoonotic cycle between arboreal aedes spp. mosquitoes and nonhuman primates in african and asian forests. serological evidence and virus isolations have demonstrated widespread distribution of the virus in senegal. several mosquito species have been found naturally infected by zikv but little is known about their vector competence. | 2015 | 26527535 |
| mitochondrial dna variants help monitor the dynamics of wolbachia invasion into host populations. | wolbachia is the most widespread endosymbiotic bacterium of insects and other arthropods that can rapidly invade host populations. deliberate releases of wolbachia into natural populations of the dengue fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, are used as a novel biocontrol strategy for dengue suppression. invasion of wolbachia through the host population relies on factors such as high fidelity of the endosymbiont transmission and limited immigration of uninfected individuals, but these factors can be dif ... | 2015 | 26531251 |
| [ecology of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in the americas and disease transmission]. | the recent range expansion of the mosquito aedes albopictus has been associated in some areas by declines in abundance or local elimination of aedes aegypti, but the two species still coexist in large regions of the americas. we offer a summary of the possible mechanisms responsible for the abundance and displacement pattern observed and of their significance in terms of disease transmission. among these mechanisms we may mention the competition for limiting resources, the differences in the abi ... | 2015 | 26535539 |
| [estimation of aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) productivity in households and public spaces in a dengue endemic city in colombia]. | aedes aegypti is a vector for the dengue virus in colombia. its productivity can be estimated using pupal counts. | 2015 | 26535548 |
| quantification of ns1 dengue biomarker in serum via optomagnetic nanocluster detection. | dengue is a tropical vector-borne disease without cure or vaccine that progressively spreads into regions with temperate climates. diagnostic tools amenable to resource-limited settings would be highly valuable for epidemiologic control and containment during outbreaks. here, we present a novel low-cost automated biosensing platform for detection of dengue fever biomarker ns1 and demonstrate it on ns1 spiked in human serum. magnetic nanoparticles (mnps) are coated with high-affinity monoclonal a ... | 2015 | 26536916 |
| small interfering rna pathway modulates initial viral infection in midgut epithelium of insect after ingestion of virus. | numerous viruses are transmitted in a persistent manner by insect vectors. persistent viruses establish their initial infection in the midgut epithelium, from where they disseminate to the midgut visceral muscles. although propagation of viruses in insect vectors can be controlled by the small interfering rna (sirna) antiviral pathway, whether the sirna pathway can control viral dissemination from the midgut epithelium is unknown. infection by a rice virus (southern rice black streaked dwarf vir ... | 2015 | 26537672 |
| new linear antiplasmodial peptides related to angiotensin ii. | antiplasmodial activities of angiotensin ii and its analogues have been extensively investigated in plasmodium gallinaceum and plasmodium falciparum parasite species. due to its vasoconstrictor property angiotensin ii cannot be used as an anti-malarial drug. | 2015 | 26537730 |
| impacts of el niño southern oscillation and indian ocean dipole on dengue incidence in bangladesh. | dengue dynamics are driven by complex interactions between hosts, vectors and viruses that are influenced by environmental and climatic factors. several studies examined the role of el niño southern oscillation (enso) in dengue incidence. however, the role of indian ocean dipole (iod), a coupled ocean atmosphere phenomenon in the indian ocean, which controls the summer monsoon rainfall in the indian region, remains unexplored. here, we examined the effects of enso and iod on dengue incidence in ... | 2015 | 26537857 |
| conserved genetic interactions between ciliopathy complexes cooperatively support ciliogenesis and ciliary signaling. | mutations in genes encoding cilia proteins cause human ciliopathies, diverse disorders affecting many tissues. individual genes can be linked to ciliopathies with dramatically different phenotypes, suggesting that genetic modifiers may participate in their pathogenesis. the ciliary transition zone contains two protein complexes affected in the ciliopathies meckel syndrome (mks) and nephronophthisis (nphp). the bbsome is a third protein complex, affected in the ciliopathy bardet-biedl syndrome (b ... | 2015 | 26540106 |
| molecular characterization and differential expression of an olfactory receptor gene family in the white-backed planthopper sogatella furcifera based on transcriptome analysis. | the white-backed planthopper, sogatella furcifera, a notorious rice pest in asia, employs host plant volatiles as cues for host location. in insects, odor detection is mediated by two types of olfactory receptors: odorant receptors (ors) and ionotropic receptors (irs). in this study, we identified 63 sfurors and 14 sfurirs in s. furcifera based on sequences obtained from the head transcriptome and bioinformatics analysis. the motif-pattern of 130 hemiptera ors indicated an apparent differentiati ... | 2015 | 26540266 |
| identification of putative olfactory genes from the oriental fruit moth grapholita molesta via an antennal transcriptome analysis. | the oriental fruit moth, grapholita molesta, is an extremely important oligophagous pest species of stone and pome fruits throughout the world. as a host-switching species, adult moths, especially females, depend on olfactory cues to a large extent in locating host plants, finding mates, and selecting oviposition sites. the identification of olfactory genes can facilitate investigation on mechanisms for chemical communications. | 2015 | 26540284 |
| plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles as an emerging tool against mosquitoes of medical and veterinary importance: a review. | mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) are a key threat for millions of people worldwide, since they act as vectors for devastating parasites and pathogens. mosquito young instars are usually targeted with organophosphates, insect growth regulators and microbial control agents. indoors residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets are also employed. however, these chemicals have strong negative effects on human health and the environment. newer and safer tools have been recently implemented to enh ... | 2016 | 26541154 |
| satyrization and satyrization-resistance in competitive displacements of invasive mosquito species. | competitive displacements or reductions of resident populations of insects, often effected by a related species, may be caused by a variety of mechanisms. satyrization is a form of mating interference in which males of one species mate with females of another species, significantly decreasing their fitness and not generating hybrids. satyrization has been established to be the probable cause of competitive displacements of resident mosquitoes by invasive species, especially of aedes aegypti by a ... | 2016 | 26542083 |
| arthropod surveillance programs: basic components, strategies, and analysis. | effective entomological surveillance planning stresses a careful consideration of methodology, trapping technologies, and analysis techniques. herein, the basic principles and technological components of arthropod surveillance plans are described, as promoted in the symposium "advancements in arthropod monitoring technology, techniques, and analysis" presented at the 58th annual meeting of the entomological society of america in san diego, ca. interdisciplinary examples of arthropod monitoring f ... | 0 | 26543242 |
| 1-octen-3-ol - the attractant that repels. | since the discovery in the early 1980s that 1-octen-3-ol, isolated from oxen breath, attracts tsetse fly, there has been growing interest in exploring the use of this semiochemical as a possible generic lure for trapping host-seeking mosquitoes. intriguingly, traps baited with 1-octen-3-ol captured significantly more females of the malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, and the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, than control traps, but failed to attract the southern house mosquito, culex quinqu ... | 2015 | 26543554 |
| combining two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and metabolomic data in support of dry-season survival in the two main species of the malarial mosquito anopheles gambiae. | in dry savannahs of west-africa, the malarial mosquitoes of the anopheles gambiae sensu stricto complex annually survive the harsh desiccating conditions of the dry season. however, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying how these mosquitoes survive such desiccating conditions are still undefined, and controversial. in this context, we provide the first work examining both proteomic and metabolomic changes in the two molecular forms of a. gambiae s.s (m and s forms) experimental ... | 2015 | 26543889 |
| cecropins from plutella xylostella and their interaction with metarhizium anisopliae. | cecropins are the most potent induced peptides to resist invading microorganisms. in the present study, two full length cdna encoding cecropin2 (px-cec2) and cecropin3 (px-cec3) were obtained from p. xylostella by integrated analysis of genome and transcriptome data. qrt-pcr analysis revealed the high levels of transcripts of px-cecs (px-cec1, px-cec2 and px-cec3) in epidermis, fat body and hemocytes after 24, 30 and 36 h induction of metarhizium anisopliae, respectively. silencing of spätzle an ... | 2015 | 26544076 |
| sirna-mediated silencing of doublesex during female development of the dengue vector mosquito aedes aegypti. | the development of sex-specific traits, including the female-specific ability to bite humans and vector disease, is critical for vector mosquito reproduction and pathogen transmission. doublesex (dsx), a terminal transcription factor in the sex determination pathway, is known to regulate sex-specific gene expression during development of the dengue fever vector mosquito aedes aegypti. here, the effects of developmental sirna-mediated dsx silencing were assessed in adult females. targeting of dsx ... | 2015 | 26544686 |
| how important is vertical transmission of dengue viruses by mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae)? | vertical transmission of dengue viruses by mosquitoes was discovered at the end of the late 1970s and has been suggested to be a means by which these viruses persist. however, it is unclear how widespread it is in nature, and its importance in the epidemiology of this disease is still debated. here, we review the literature on vertical transmission and discuss its role in dengue's epidemiology and control. we conclude that given the number of studies that failed to find evidence of vertical tran ... | 2016 | 26545718 |
| linalool oxide: generalist plant based lure for mosquito disease vectors. | lack of effective vaccines and therapeutics for important arboviral diseases such as rift valley fever (rvf) and dengue, necessitates continuous monitoring of vector populations for infections in them. plant-based lures as surveillance tools has the potential of targeting mosquitoes of both sexes and females of varied physiological states; yet such lures are lacking for vectors of these diseases. here, we present evidence of the effectiveness of linalool oxide (lo), a single plant-based lure pre ... | 2015 | 26552398 |
| metallic copper spray--a new control technique to combat invasive container-inhabiting mosquitoes. | the control of container-inhabiting mosquitoes is mainly based on environmental management with special emphasis on community participation e.g. source reduction by elimination or modification of water bodies. however, citizens are often not aware of the problems related to urban mosquito control or just ignore the advice provided during anti-mosquito control campaigns. in particular, cemeteries contain favourite breeding sites for container-inhabiting mosquitoes like ochlerotatus j. japonicus, ... | 2015 | 26553319 |
| new genetic regulators question relevance of abundant yolk protein production in c. elegans. | vitellogenesis or maternal yolk formation is considered critical to the reproduction of egg-laying animals. in invertebrates, however, most of its regulatory genes are still unknown. via a combined mapping and whole-genome sequencing strategy, we performed a forward genetic screen to isolate novel regulators of yolk production in the nematode model system caenorhabditis elegans. in addition to isolating new alleles of rab-35, rab-10 and m04f3.2, we identified five mutant alleles corresponding to ... | 2015 | 26553710 |
| asymptomatic humans transmit dengue virus to mosquitoes. | three-quarters of the estimated 390 million dengue virus (denv) infections each year are clinically inapparent. people with inapparent dengue virus infections are generally considered dead-end hosts for transmission because they do not reach sufficiently high viremia levels to infect mosquitoes. here, we show that, despite their lower average level of viremia, asymptomatic people can be infectious to mosquitoes. moreover, at a given level of viremia, denv-infected people with no detectable sympt ... | 2015 | 26553981 |
| chikungunya vaccines in development. | chikungunya virus has become a global health threat, spreading to the industrial world of europe and the americas; no treatment or prophylactic vaccine is available. since the late 1960s much effort has been put into the development of a vaccine, and several heterogeneous strategies have already been explored. only two candidates have recently qualified to enter clinical phase ii trials, a chikungunya virus-like particle-based vaccine and a recombinant live attenuated measles virus-vectored vacc ... | 0 | 26554522 |
| dispersal of engineered male aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | aedes aegypti, the principal vector of dengue fever, have been genetically engineered for use in a sterile insect control programme. to improve our understanding of the dispersal ecology of mosquitoes and to inform appropriate release strategies of 'genetically sterile' male aedes aegypti detailed knowledge of the dispersal ability of the released insects is needed. | 2015 | 26554922 |