Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| necrotizing fascitis: an epidemiologic study of 102 cases. | necrotizing fascitis is a progressive, rapidly spreading, inflammatory infection located in deep fascia. it may cause necrosis of skin and subcutaneous tissues. spreading of it may lead to shock, organ failure and even death. | 2007 | 23132965 |
| antibacterial and smear layer removal ability of a novel irrigant, qmix. | to assess in a laboratory experimental model the efficacy of a novel root canal irrigant, qmix, against enterococcus faecalis and mixed plaque bacteria in planktonic phase and biofilms. in addition, its ability to remove smear layer was examined. | 2011 | 23134158 |
| ex vivo antimicrobial efficacy of the endovac system plus photodynamic therapy associated with calcium hydroxide against intracanal enterococcus faecalis. | to evaluate the ex vivo efficacy of the endovac system and photodynamic treatment (pdt) as adjuncts to chemomechanical debridement associated with calcium hydroxide (caoh2 ) in reducing the levels of intracanal enterococcus faecalis. | 2013 | 23137292 |
| rapid identification of gram-positive pathogens and their resistance genes from positive blood culture broth using a multiplex tandem rt-pcr assay. | the early initiation of targeted antibiotic therapy in patients with bacteraemia and septic shock impacts favourably on outcomes. rapid methods are therefore increasingly employed for bacterial identification directly from positive blood culture bottles, but with variable success. we evaluated the performance of the gram positive 12 multiplex tandem pcr (mt-pcr) assay (ausdiagnostics; catalogue no. 6202, version 07) containing targets for the identification of staphylococci including staphylococ ... | 2013 | 23139396 |
| crystallization and first data collection of the putative transfer protein tran from the gram-positive conjugative plasmid pip501. | conjugative plasmid transfer is the most important route for the spread of resistance and virulence genes among bacteria. consequently, bacteria carrying conjugative plasmids are a substantial threat to human health, especially hospitalized patients. whilst detailed information about the process has been obtained for gram-negative type-4 secretion systems, little is known about the corresponding mechanisms in gram-positive (g+) bacteria. the successful purification and crystallization of the put ... | 2012 | 23143259 |
| nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pathogens isolated from surgical site infections (ssi) in japan. | to investigate the trends of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens isolated from surgical site infections (ssi), a japanese surveillance committee conducted the first nationwide survey. seven main organisms were collected from ssi at 27 medical centers in 2010 and were shipped to a central laboratory for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. a total of 702 isolates from 586 patients with ssi were included. staphylococcus aureus (20.4 %) and enterococcus faecalis (19.5 %) were the most common iso ... | 2012 | 23143280 |
| structural insight into the clostridium difficile ethanolamine utilisation microcompartment. | bacterial microcompartments form a protective proteinaceous barrier around metabolic enzymes that process unstable or toxic chemical intermediates. the genome of the virulent, multidrug-resistant clostridium difficile 630 strain contains an operon, eut, encoding a bacterial microcompartment with genes for the breakdown of ethanolamine and its utilisation as a source of reduced nitrogen and carbon. the c. difficile eut operon displays regulatory genetic elements and protein encoding regions in co ... | 2012 | 23144756 |
| novel carbapenem antibiotics for parenteral and oral applications: in vitro and in vivo activities of 2-aryl carbapenems and their pharmacokinetics in laboratory animals. | sm-295291 and sm-369926 are new parenteral 2-aryl carbapenems with strong activity against major causative pathogens of community-acquired infections such as methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae (including penicillin-resistant strains), streptococcus pyogenes, enterococcus faecalis, klebsiella pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae (including β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant strains), and neisseria gonorrhoeae (including ciprofloxaci ... | 2013 | 23147735 |
| [daptomycin for the treatment of gram-positive infections after cardiac surgery]. | surgical infection remains a main cause of death after heart surgery, despite advances in pharmacological therapy. daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic, useful in gram-positive organisms resistant to standard treatment, including vancomycin. the aim of this study was to describe the use of daptomycin regarding efficacy, efficiency and safety in patients with gram-positive infections after heart surgery using a retrospective analysis on 49 adult patients. | 2013 | 23149592 |
| comparative study of the antimicrobial effect of three irrigant solutions (chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidinated mums). | to compare the antimicrobial effect of 2% chlorhexidine, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and mums containing 2% chlorhexidine. | 2012 | 23151688 |
| comprehensive analysis of secondary dental root canal infections: a combination of culture and culture-independent approaches reveals new insights. | persistence of microorganisms or reinfections are the main reasons for failure of root canal therapy. very few studies to date have included culture-independent methods to assess the microbiota, including non-cultivable microorganisms. the aim of this study was to combine culture methods with culture-independent cloning methods to analyze the microbial flora of root-filled teeth with periradicular lesions. twenty-one samples from previously root-filled teeth were collected from patients with per ... | 2012 | 23152922 |
| chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from hyptis crenata growing in the brazilian cerrado. | essential oils from species of the genus hyptis are well-known for their significant biological properties, including antimicrobial and acaricidal activities. the essential oil from the aerial parts of h. crenata was obtained by hydrodistillation; bomeol (17.8%), 1,8-cineol (15.6%) and p-cimene (7.9%) were characterized by gc-ms as its major constituents. the essential oil was evaluated in vitro for its antimicrobial activities against six fungal and five bacterial strains, by measuring the resp ... | 2012 | 23157018 |
| neonatal outcome of preterm infants born to mothers with abnormal genital tract colonisation and chorioamnionitis: a cohort study. | we hypothesised that abnormal genital tract colonisation leading to an in utero inflammation/infection process, contributes to the risk of respiratory distress syndrome (rds), patent ductus arteriosus (pda), intra ventricular haemorrhage (ivh), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd), retinopathy of prematurity (rop) and necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) in preterm infants. | 2013 | 23158015 |
| presence of the vanc1 gene in a vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis strain isolated from ewe bulk tank milk. | 2013 | 23161771 | |
| the effects of different concentrations of chlorhexidine gluconate on the antimicrobial properties of mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium enrich mixture. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) and calcium enrich mixture) cem (mixed with different concentrations of chlorhexidine (chx). | 2012 | 23162590 |
| evaluation of the bactericidal effect of nd:yag, er:yag, er,cr:ysgg laser radiation, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) in experimentally infected root canals. | in recent years, various laser systems have been introduced into the field of laser-assisted endodontic therapy. the aim of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal effect of nd:yag, er:yag, er,cr:ysgg laser radiation, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) in experimentally infected root canals compared with standard endodontic treatment of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (naclo) irrigation. | 2012 | 23168798 |
| resistance profiles of urinary tract infections in general practice--an observational study. | guideline recommendations on therapy in urinary tract infections are based on antibiotic resistance rates. due to a lack of surveillance data, little is known about resistance rates in uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uti) in general practice in germany. in a prospective observational study, urine cultures of all women presenting with urinary tract infections in general practice were analysed. resistance rates against antibiotics recommended in german guidelines on uti are presented. | 2012 | 23171154 |
| zaaps program results for 2010: an activity and spectrum analysis of linezolid using clinical isolates from 75 medical centres in 24 countries. | the zyvox® annual appraisal of potency and spectrum (zaaps) program monitors the in vitro activities of linezolid and comparator agents for gram-positive organisms in latin america, europe, canada, and the asia-pacific. for the 2010 program a total of 6305 gram-positive strains were collected from 75 medical centres on five continents (24 countries). reference broth microdilution susceptibility tests were performed on organisms from the following groups: staphylococcus aureus (2875), coagulase n ... | 2012 | 23174097 |
| enterococcus faecalis internalization in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec). | initial enterococcus faecalis-endothelial cell molecular interactions which lead to enterococci associating in the host endothelial tissue, colonizing it and proliferating there can be assessed using in vitro models. cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) have been used to study other gram-positive bacteria-cell interactions; however, few studies have been aimed at establishing the relationship of e. faecalis with endothelial cells. the aggregation substance (as) family of adhes ... | 2013 | 23174630 |
| enterococcus and streptococcus spp. associated with chronic and self-medicated urinary tract infections in vietnam. | urinary tract infections (uti) are one of the most common infections among women worldwide. e. coli often causes more than 75% of acute uncomplicated uti, however, little is known about how recurrent utis and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials affect the aetiology of utis. this study aimed to establish the aetiology of uti in a population of recurrent and self-medicated patients referred from pharmacies to a hospital in hanoi, vietnam and to describe genotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility ... | 2012 | 23176582 |
| clinical identification of bacteria in human chronic wound infections: culturing vs. 16s ribosomal dna sequencing. | chronic wounds affect millions of people and cost billions of dollars in the united states each year. these wounds harbor polymicrobial biofilm communities, which can be difficult to elucidate using culturing methods. clinical molecular microbiological methods are increasingly being employed to investigate the microbiota of chronic infections, including wounds, as part of standard patient care. however, molecular testing is more sensitive than culturing, which results in markedly different resul ... | 2012 | 23176603 |
| antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using visible light plus water-filtered infrared-a (wira). | the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) using visible light together with water-filtered infrared-a (vis+wira) to eradicate single species of planktonic bacteria and micro-organisms during initial oral bacterial colonization in situ. a broadband vis+wira radiator with a water-filtered spectrum in the range 580-1400 nm was used for irradiation. toluidine blue (tb) was utilized as a photosensitizer at concentrations of 5, 10, 25 and 5 ... | 2013 | 23180476 |
| bacteriocin production, antibiotic susceptibility and prevalence of haemolytic and gelatinase activity in faecal lactic acid bacteria isolated from healthy ethiopian infants. | the objective of this study was to characterise lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from faecal samples of healthy ethiopian infants, with emphasis on bacteriocin production and antibiotic susceptibility. one hundred fifty lab were obtained from 28 healthy ethiopian infants. the isolates belonged to lactobacillus (81/150), enterococcus (54/150) and streptococcus (15/150) genera. lactobacillus species were more abundant in the breast-fed infants while enterococcus dominated the mixed-fed populati ... | 2013 | 23184155 |
| recurrent endophthalmitis after trabeculectomy for glaucoma: importance of timely filtering bleb coverage for the conjunctiva. | to report the occurrence of endophthalmitis after trabeculectomy for glaucoma that was treated by vitrectomy without bleb closure and recurred 3 times after an initial clinically inapparent period of about 2 years. | 2012 | 23185177 |
| the efficacy of sequential therapy using pazufloxacin followed by oral fluoroquinolones for treatment of pyelonephritis. | the efficacy of sequential therapy of pazufloxacin (pzfx), which is a parenteral fluoroquinolone, followed by oral fluoroquinolones [tosufloxacin tosilate (tflx) or levofloxacin (lvfx)] for treatment of pyelonephritis, was evaluated. patients with pyelonephritis who had fever (≥37.5 °c), pyuria (≥10 white blood cells/high-power field), and bacteriuria (≥10(4) colony-forming units/ml) were eligible for this study. pzfx (500 mg) was given intravenously twice a day for at least 3 days. if the patie ... | 2013 | 23188166 |
| [emergence of linezolid-resistant enterococcus faecalis strains from two inpatients in a pediatric ward]. | we report herein on the isolation of three linezolid-resistant enterococcus faecalis strains in 2011 from two pediatric inpatients at kitasato university hospital, japan. three linezolid resistant strains were isolated from two patients who shared the same room of a pediatric inpatient ward. two linezolid resistant strains were isolated from patient a who had been treated with a total of 17,600mg of linezolid during 60 days of hospitalization (strains 1 and 2). the linezolid resistant e. faecali ... | 2012 | 23198574 |
| characterization of recombinant fad-independent catabolic acetolactate synthase from enterococcus faecalis v583. | the catabolic acetolactate synthase (cals) of enterococcus faecalis v583 was cloned, expressed in escherichia coli, and purified to homogeneity. the purified protein had a molecular weight of 60 kda. the cals of e. faecalis is highly homologous with other calss, while sharing low homology with its anabolic counterparts. the cals of e. faecalis exhibits optimum activity at a temperature of 37°c and ph 6.8. based on the enzyme characterization, the apparent k(m) for pyruvate was calculated to be 1 ... | 2013 | 23199739 |
| twenty-five years of shared life with vancomycin-resistant enterococci: is it time to divorce? | twenty-five years ago, isolation of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vrem) was reported both in the uk and in france. since then, vrem has spread worldwide in hospitals. hospital outbreaks appeared to be related to the evolution since the end of 1980s of a subpopulation of e. faecium highly resistant to ampicillin and fluoroquinolones (the so-called clonal complex cc17) that later acquired resistance to vancomycin. cc17 isolates are presumably better adapted than other e. faecium isola ... | 2013 | 23208830 |
| bloodstream infections in immunocompromised hosts. | immunocompromised hosts are at high risk for bloodstream infections (bsis); the outcome is unpredictable (even with adequate therapy), frequently severe (mortality 27%). a 26 months survey in a haematology/oncology hospital was set-up; it comprised 158 patients and detected 171 positive blood cultures. the origin of the infections was primitive in 27.22% and secondary in 72.78% of the cases; the most frequent cause was the presence of a vascular catheter (23.41%). the second most important cause ... | 2012 | 23210322 |
| qualitative comparison of sonic or laser energisation of 4% sodium hypochlorite on an enterococcus faecalis biofilm grown in vitro. | the effectiveness of sonic activation, laser activation and syringe irrigation of 4% sodium hypochlorite in removing an enterococcus faecalis biofilm was compared. biofilms were grown in extracted human single rooted teeth using a flow cell apparatus. after 4 weeks' growth, teeth were subjected to each treatment using 4% sodium hypochlorite and radicular dentinal surfaces of the root canals were analysed by scanning electron microscopy. results showed that sonic activation and syringe irrigation ... | 2012 | 23211068 |
| in vitro antibacterial and time-kill evaluation of the erythrina caffra thunb. extract against bacteria associated with diarrhoea. | the antibacterial activities of stem bark ethanolic extract of erythrina caffra thunb. against bacteria in diarrhoea was determined in vitro by the agar diffusion and dilution, macrobroth dilution, and time-kill assay methods. the result showed that the extract produced inhibition zones ranging between 15 ± 1.0 mm and 23 ± 1.0 mm, and the bacteria were susceptible at concentrations ranging between ≤100 and ≤1000 μg/ml. while the mics of the extract ranged between 39.1 and 625 μg/ml, and the mbcs ... | 2012 | 23213297 |
| antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis from diseased farm animals: pigs, cattle and poultry. | eighty enterococcal isolates (e. faecium, n = 38, e. faecalis, n = 42) from diseased farm animals (swine, cattle, poultry) in lithuania have been studied for the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and for resistance and virulence genetic determinants. 86% of e. faecium and 71% of e. faecalis isolates were multidrug resistant (resistant to three or more unrelated antibiotics). resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracycline and erythromycin was found most frequently in both species (61%, 69%) and wa ... | 2012 | 23214361 |
| retrospective study of microorganisms associated with vascular access infections in hemodialysis patients. | the aim of this study was to assess microorganisms associated with vascular access-associated infections (vais) in hemodialysis patients, with respect to possible origin from the mouth. | 2013 | 23217535 |
| persistence of bacteria like pseudomonas aeruginosa in non-healing venous ulcers. | there is evidence that chronic inflammation due to bacterial wound colonization delays wound healing. | 2012 | 23220150 |
| detection and enumeration of e. coli o157:h7 in water samples by culture and molecular methods. | the performances of three chromogenic agars were evaluated for the recovery of escherichia coli o157:h7 from spiked dechlorinated tap, ground and surface water, and treated drinking water samples. the chromogenic agars: chromagar o157 (chrom), rainbow agar o157 (rb) and hicrome ec o157 (hc) were compared to cefixime-tellurite sorbitol macconkey (ct-smac), commonly used for the isolation of e. coli o157:h7. confirmation of suspect e. coli o157:h7 colonies were performed by colony real-time pcr (c ... | 2013 | 23220187 |
| the effect of glyphosate on potential pathogens and beneficial members of poultry microbiota in vitro. | the use of glyphosate modifies the environment which stresses the living microorganisms. the aim of the present study was to determine the real impact of glyphosate on potential pathogens and beneficial members of poultry microbiota in vitro. the presented results evidence that the highly pathogenic bacteria as salmonella entritidis, salmonella gallinarum, salmonella typhimurium, clostridium perfringens and clostridium botulinum are highly resistant to glyphosate. however, most of beneficial bac ... | 2013 | 23224412 |
| streptococcus gordonii collagen-binding domain protein cbda may enhance bacterial survival in instrumented root canals ex vivo. | the surface-associated collagen-binding protein ace of enterococcus faecalis has been implicated as a virulence factor that contributes to bacterial persistence in endodontic infections. the purpose of this study was to determine if proteins with amino acid sequence similarity to ace found in more abundant oral streptococci could play a similar role in potentially enhancing endodontic infections. | 2013 | 23228255 |
| cold plasma therapy of a tooth root canal infected with enterococcus faecalis biofilms in vitro. | complete sterilization of an infected root canal is an important challenge in endodontic treatment. traditional methods often cannot achieve high-efficiency sterilization because of the complexity of the root canal system. the objective of the study was to investigate in vitro the feasibility of using a cold plasma treatment of a root canal infected with enterococcus faecalis biofilms. | 2013 | 23228267 |
| association with soil bacteria enhances p38-dependent infection resistance in caenorhabditis elegans. | the importance of our inner microbial communities for proper immune responses against invading pathogens is now well accepted, but the mechanisms underlying this protection are largely unknown. in this study, we used caenorhabditis elegans to investigate such mechanisms. since very little is known about the microbes interacting with c. elegans in its natural environment, we began by taking the first steps to characterize the c. elegans microbiota. we established a natural-like environment in whi ... | 2013 | 23230286 |
| microbial flora of root canals of pulpally-infected teeth: enterococcus faecalis a prevalent species. | the aim of this study was to determine the microorganisms prevalent in the necrotic dental pulp and root canals of unsuccessfully treated teeth. | 2009 | 23230477 |
| comparison of rosco neo-sensitabs with oxoid paper disks in eucast disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing on mueller-hinton agar. | this study compared neo-sensitabs with oxoid paper disks using the european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility test on mueller-hinton agar. the eucast-recommended quality control strains (escherichia coli atcc 25922, pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853, staphylococcus aureus atcc 29213 and enterococcus faecalis atcc 29212) (part i) and clinical isolates (part ii) were investigated. in part i of the study, 27 combinations of antimi ... | 2013 | 23232977 |
| immunomodulatory effects of heat-killed enterococcus faecalis th10 on murine macrophage cells. | the objective of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of heat-killed enterococcus faecalis th10 (hk-th10) and its signal transduction on murine macrophage raw264 cells. raw264 cells produced nitric oxide (no) following hk-th10 treatment. in order to investigate the mechanisms underlying hk-th10-stimulated no production, we further measured no production in raw264 cells treated with toll-like receptor (tlr) 4 inhibitor peptide, nf-κb inhibitor, tlr1-sirna, tlr2-sirna, and tl ... | 2012 | 23233442 |
| screening for lactic acid bacteria capable of inhibiting campylobacter jejuni in in vitro simulations of the broiler chicken caecal environment. | thermotolerant campylobacter spp., specifically campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, are the most common bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis in developed countries. consumption of improperly prepared poultry products and cross contamination are among the main causes of human campylobacteriosis. the aim of this study was to identify lactic acid bacterial (lab) strains capable of inhibiting c. jejuni growth in initial in vitro trials ('spot-on-lawn' method), as well as in batch ferme ... | 2012 | 23234730 |
| enterococcus faecium isolated from lombo, a portuguese traditional meat product: characterisation of antibacterial compounds and factors affecting bacteriocin production. | strain st211ch, identified as a strain of enterococcus faecium, isolated from lombo produced a bacteriocin that inhibited the growth of enterococcus spp., listeria spp., klebsiella spp., lactobacillus spp., pseudomonas spp., staphylococcus spp. and streptococcus spp. the mode of action of the bacteriocin named as bacteriocin st211ch was bactericidal against enterococcus faecalis atcc19443. as determined by tricine-sds-page, the approximate molecular mass of the bacteriocin was 8.0 kda. loss in a ... | 2012 | 23234731 |
| identification of fitness determinants in enterococcus faecalis by differential proteomics. | enterococcus (e.) faecalis is found as commensal in healthy humans, in a variety of fermented foods. it can serve as probiotic but also as pathogen causing endocarditis, bacteremia and urinary tract infections. we have employed a proteomic study with e. faecalis strain og1rf under different growth conditions and in contact to mouse intestinal cells to identify novel latent and adaptive fitness determinants. these relate to changes in catabolic pathways (buda), protein biosynthesis (asns), cellul ... | 2013 | 23239053 |
| establishment of an optimized ex vivo system for artificial root canal infection evaluated by use of sodium hypochlorite and the photodynamic therapy. | to establish a refined model of artificially infected root canals and confirm its suitability as a sensitive ex vivo method to assess the efficacy of disinfecting agents. disinfection was evaluated using sodium hypochlorite (naocl), either blocked or unblocked by sodium thiosulphate, and a recently promoted method of disinfection, the antibacterial photodynamic therapy (pdt). | 2013 | 23240861 |
| cost-effectiveness analysis, prevention of atopic dermatitis by oral application of bacterial lysate in newborns/small children. | the aim of this analysis was to determine the cost-effectiveness compared to placebo of prophylactic treatment with sterile bacterial lysate (escherichia coli and enterococcus faecalis) (verum) of newborns/small children with heredity for atopy [atopic dermatitis (ad)]. infants were followed from the age of 5 weeks until 3 years of age. during this time, the number of children with ad who were treated with verum or placebo was observed at eight visits. cost-effectiveness analyses were performed ... | 2013 | 23242758 |
| tissue distribution, expression, and antimicrobial activity of anas platyrhynchos avian β-defensin 6. | in this study, a novel avian β-defensin (avbd) was isolated from the chaohu duck. the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene contained a 204-bp open reading frame that encoded 67 amino acids (aa), including a signal peptide of 20 aa, a propiece of 5 aa, and a mature peptide of 42 aa. the homology, characterization, and comparison of this gene with avbd from other avian species confirmed that it was duck avbd6. also, the preproprotein of avbd6 from chicken, goose, and duck was highly conserved ... | 2013 | 23243235 |
| in vivo broiler experiments to assess anti-campylobacter jejuni activity of a live enterococcus faecalis strain. | bacterial gastroenteritis caused by thermotolerant campylobacter species, mainly campylobacter jejuni, has been the most reported zoonotic disease in many developed countries in recent years. reducing campylobacter shedding on the farm could result in a reduction of the number of campylobacteriosis cases. in 2 independent broiler seeder experiments, in which broiler chickens were orally inoculated with 2 amounts of enterococcus faecalis mb 5259, we established whether a live e. faecalis strain w ... | 2013 | 23243257 |
| pang, a new ketopantoate reductase involved in pantothenate synthesis. | pantothenate, commonly referred to as vitamin b(5), is an essential molecule in the metabolism of living organisms and forms the core of coenzyme a. unlike humans, some bacteria and plants are capable of de novo biosynthesis of pantothenate, making this pathway a potential target for drug development. francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis schu s4 is a zoonotic bacterial pathogen that is able to synthesize pantothenate but is lacking the known ketopantoate reductase (kpr) genes, pane and ilvc, ... | 2013 | 23243306 |
| moxifloxacin as postoperative prophylaxis for enterococcus faecalis-induced endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in aphakic rabbits. | the development of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery often results in significant vision loss. inhibition of bacterial proliferation in the anterior chamber using antibiotic eye drops is important to prevent endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. we aimed to determine the sensitivity of fluoroquinolones against enterococcus faecalis ocular isolates and the efficacy of fluoroquinolones to prevent e. faecalis-induced endophthalmitis in aphakic rabbits. | 2013 | 23249386 |
| effect of low-dose gaseous ozone on pathogenic bacteria. | treatment of chronically infected wounds is a challenge, and bacterial environmental contamination is a growing issue in infection control. ozone may have a role in these situations. the objective of this study was to determine whether a low dose of gaseous ozone/oxygen mixture eliminates pathogenic bacteria cultivated in petri dishes. | 2012 | 23249441 |
| pseudo-outbreak of vancomycin-resistant-enterococcus (vre) colonization in a neonatal intensive care unit using spectra vre surveillance medium. | from november 2011 through march 2012, we surveyed 272 babies in our neonatal intensive care unit for rectal colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre). using spectra vre medium (remel diagnostics, lenexa, ks), we identified one neonate colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. in addition, 55 (13%) of the surveillance cultures yielded false-positive results with vancomycin-susceptible enterococcus faecalis. during the same time period, 580 rectal swabs were collect ... | 2013 | 23254135 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of ah plus, endorez and epiphany against microorganisms. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of endodontic sealers against microorganisms. | 2012 | 23257479 |
| mutations in msra and msrb, encoding epimer-specific methionine sulfoxide reductases, affect expression of glycerol-catabolic operons in enterococcus faecalis differently. | this study aims to define the cellular roles of methionine sulfoxide reductases a and b, evolutionarily highly conserved enzymes able to repair oxidized methionines in proteins. msra and msrb mutants were exposed to an internal oxidative stress by growing them under aerobic conditions on glycerol. interestingly, the msr mutants behave completely differently under these conditions. the msra mutant is inhibited, whereas the msrb mutant is stimulated in its growth in comparison with the parent stra ... | 2013 | 23258264 |
| phenotypic and molecular antibiotic resistance profile of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium isolated from different traditional fermented foods. | a collection of 55 enterococci (41 enterococcus faecium and 14 e. faecalis strains) isolated from various traditional fermented foodstuffs of both animal and vegetable origins, and water was evaluated for resistance against 15 antibiotics. lower incidence of resistance was observed with gentamicin, ampicillin, penicillin and teicoplanin. however, a high incidence of antibiotic resistance was detected for rifampicin (12 out of 14 of isolates), ciprofloxacin (9/14), and quinupristin/dalfopristin ( ... | 2013 | 23259502 |
| comparison of filters for concentrating microbial indicators and pathogens in lake water samples. | bacterial indicators are used to indicate increased health risk from pathogens and to make beach closure and advisory decisions; however, beaches are seldom monitored for the pathogens themselves. studies of sources and types of pathogens at beaches are needed to improve estimates of swimming-associated health risks. it would be advantageous and cost-effective, especially for studies conducted on a regional scale, to use a method that can simultaneously filter and concentrate all classes of path ... | 2012 | 23263948 |
| longitudinal analyses of gut mucosal microbiotas in ulcerative colitis in relation to patient age and disease severity and duration. | bacteria belonging to the normal colonic microbiota are associated with the etiology of ulcerative colitis (uc). although several mucosal species have been implicated in the disease process, the organisms and mechanisms involved are unknown. the aim of this investigation was to characterize mucosal biofilm communities over time and to determine the relationship of these bacteria to patient age and disease severity and duration. multiple rectal biopsy specimens were taken from 33 patients with ac ... | 2012 | 23269735 |
| the insect galleria mellonella as a powerful infection model to investigate bacterial pathogenesis. | the study of bacterial virulence often requires a suitable animal model. mammalian models of infection are costly and may raise ethical issues. the use of insects as infection models provides a valuable alternative. compared to other non-vertebrate model hosts such as nematodes, insects have a relatively advanced system of antimicrobial defenses and are thus more likely to produce information relevant to the mammalian infection process. like mammals, insects possess a complex innate immune syste ... | 2012 | 23271509 |
| infective endocarditis in non-hiv immunosuppressed patients. | infective endocarditis is a septic illness with sudden or insidious onset that causes heart lesions or aggravates the preexisting ones; during its course it can affect other organs, mortality being high. | 2012 | 23272511 |
| species distribution, antibiotic resistance and virulence traits in enterococci from meat in tunisia. | antimicrobial resistance and the mechanisms implicated were studied in 119 enterococci from 105 meat samples from tunisian markets. almost 24.5% of recovered enterococci showed resistance against four or more antimicrobial agents and these isolates were identified to the species level. enterococcus faecalis was the most prevalent species (41%). high percentages of erythromycin and tetracycline resistances were found among our isolates, and lower percentages were identified to aminoglycosides, ci ... | 2012 | 23273480 |
| zn(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii) and pb(ii) complexes of tridentate asymmetrical schiff base ligands: synthesis, characterization, properties and biological activity. | new asymmetrical tridentate schiff base ligands were synthesized using 1,2-phenylenediamine, 4-methyl-1,2-phenylenediamine, 2-hydroxy-1-napthaldehyde, 9-anthracenecarboxaldehyde. schiff base ligands and their metal complexes were synthesised and characterized by using ft-ir, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, uv-vis, xrd, esr, elemental analysis and fluorescence studies. the antimicrobial activity of the ligands and their metal complexes were studied against staphylococcus aureus atcc 29213, s. aureus atcc 25 ... | 2012 | 23274224 |
| development of a chemically defined medium for the production of enterolysin a from enterococcus faecalis b9510. | this study aimed to develop a simplified chemically defined medium that could sustain the growth and bacteriocin (enterolysin a) production by enterococcus faecalis b9510. | 2013 | 23279366 |
| the prevalence and the characterization of the enterococcus species from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital. | enterococci form a part of the normal flora of the intestinal tract, the oral cavity, and the vagina, but in recent times, they have become emerging nosocomial pathogens. their increasing importance is largely due to their resistance to antimicrobials. the therapeutic failures in enterococcal infections are mainly due to the intrinsic as well as transferable drug resistance. the main aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of the enterococcus infection and to determine the antibiogram in ... | 2012 | 23285436 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of novel azaphenothiazine derivatives. | antimicrobial activity in vitro of a series of novel azaphenothiazine derivatives containing a quinoline moiety was investigated using gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis) and gram-negative (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa) strains as well as in candida albicans yeast. the examined compounds showed the highest activity against enterococcus faecalis and escherichia coli whereas activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa was the lowest. compound 1d demonstrates the hi ... | 2012 | 23285676 |
| circulating microrna signatures in mice exposed to lipoteichoic acid. | previously, we had identified a specific whole blood-derived micrornas (mirnas) signature in mice following in vivo injection of lipopolysaccharide (lps) originated from gram-negative bacteria. this study was designed to profile the circulating mirnas expression in mice exposed to lipoteichoic acid (lta) which is a major component of the wall of gram-positive bacteria. | 2013 | 23286671 |
| ex vivo killing of enterococcus faecalis and mixed plaque bacteria in planktonic and biofilm culture by modified photoactivated disinfection. | to compare the efficacy of conventional and modified photoactivated disinfection (pad) against enterococcus faecalis and mixed plaque bacteria in suspension and biofilms. | 2013 | 23289964 |
| behavior of escherichia coli o26:h11 in the presence of hafnia alvei in a model cheese ecosystem. | this study was designed to evaluate the capacity of three hafnia strains to inhibit the growth of an e. coli strain o26:h11 in an uncooked pressed model cheese, in the presence or absence of a microbial consortium added to mimic a cheese microbial community. inoculated at 2 log cfu/ml into pasteurized milk without hafnia, the e. coli o26:h11 strain reached 5 log cfu/g during cheese-making and survived at levels of 4 to 5 log cfu/g beyond 40 days. inoculated into milk at 6 log cfu/ml, all three t ... | 2012 | 23290227 |
| purification and biochemical characterization of a highly thermostable bacteriocin isolated from brevibacillus brevis strain gm100. | a bacteriocin-producing (11,000 au ml(-1)) strain was isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy algerian plants ononis angustissima lam., and identified as brevibacillus brevis strain gm100. the bacteriocin, called bac-gm100, was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant, and, based on maldi-tof/ms analysis, was a monomer protein with a molecular mass of 4375.66 da. the 21 n-terminal residues of bac-gm100 displayed 65% homology with thurincin h from bacillus thuringiensis. bac-gm100 wa ... | 2013 | 23291759 |
| anti-microbial efficiency of silver diamine fluoride as an endodontic medicament - an ex vivo study. | antisepsis achieved through appropriate use of irrigants is essential for endodontic success. identification of newer anti-bacterial agents gives alternatives to clean the canal as eradication of the infection prior to obturation does affect prognosis. | 2012 | 23293478 |
| efar is a major regulator of enterococcus faecalis manganese transporters and influences processes involved in host colonization and infection. | metal ions, in particular manganese, are important modulators of bacterial pathogenicity. however, little is known about the role of manganese-dependent proteins in the nosocomial pathogen enterococcus faecalis, a major cause of bacterial endocarditis. the present study demonstrates that the dtxr/mntr family metalloregulator efar of e. faecalis controls the expression of several of its regulon members in a manganese-dependent way. we also show that efar inactivation impairs the ability of e. fae ... | 2013 | 23297382 |
| in vitro activity of telavancin and comparators against selected groups of gram-positive cocci. | telavancin is a novel, rapidly cidal, dual-action glycopeptide. this study examined its in vitro activity against relevant gram-positive pathogens, comprising 99 meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), 40 meticillin-susceptible s. aureus (mssa), 79 coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons), 45 enterococcus faecalis, 60 enterococcus faecium, 40 β-haemolytic streptococci and 60 streptococcus pneumoniae. except with vana enterococci, telavancin mics were tightly clustered and unimodal. tel ... | 2013 | 23298432 |
| [microbial decontamination of the root canals of devitalized teeth]. | the primary goal of endodontic therapy is the reduction or elimination of microorganisms and their by-products from the root canal system. although a number of instrumentation and irrigation techniques exist, debris is often left behind in the root canal system and proper canal cleaning, shaping, and irrigation are needed to reduce significantly or sometimes even eliminate microorganisms from the canals. residual microbes in the root canal system are the primary cause of post-treatment apical pe ... | 2012 | 23301623 |
| antibacterial and antimycotic activities of slovenian honeys. | in the present study, slovenian honey samples produced from different floral sources are evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal properties. the peroxide contribution to antibacterial activity is also determined. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of the honeys was assessed against four bacterial species (escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus) and against eight fungal species (aspergillus niger, aureobasidium pullulans, candida alb ... | 2012 | 23304790 |
| biofilm biomass disruption by natural substances with potential for endodontic use. | this study evaluated the in vitro effects of four natural substances on the biomass of bacterial biofilms to assess their potential use as root canal irrigants. the following substances and their combinations were tested: 0.2% farnesol; 5% xylitol; 20% xylitol; 0.2% farnesol and 5% xylitol; 0.2% farnesol, 5% xylitol, and 0.1% lactoferrin; 5% xylitol and 0.1% lactoferrin; and 20 mm salicylic acid. the crystal violet assay was used to evaluate the effects of these substances on the biomass of biof ... | 2013 | 23306623 |
| using rapid diagnostic tests to optimize antimicrobial selection in antimicrobial stewardship programs. | new advances in rapid diagnostic tests provide several collaborative opportunities for stewardship teams, particularly in processes where delay in the initiation of appropriate therapy has significant consequences for patient outcomes. rapid molecular tests enhance one of the key functions of microbiology laboratories, which is to produce accurate organism identification and timely antimicrobial susceptibility testing data. these data are used to guide the choice of antimicrobial agents for trea ... | 2012 | 23307517 |
| antimicrobial activity of various 4- and 5-substituted 1-phenylnaphthalenes. | bacterial cell division occurs in conjunction with the formation of a cytokinetic z-ring structure comprised of ftsz subunits. agents that can disrupt z-ring formation have the potential, through this unique mechanism, to be effective against several of the newly emerging multi-drug resistant strains of infectious bacteria. 1- and 12-aryl substituted benzo[c]phenanthridines have been identified as antibacterial agents that could exert their activity by disruption of z-ring formation. substituted ... | 2012 | 23314053 |
| polymicrobial endocarditis: chronic q fever and enterococcus faecalis coinfection. | 2013 | 23318110 | |
| biofilm formation within the interface of bovine root dentin treated with conjugated chitosan and sealer containing chitosan nanoparticles. | the purpose of this study was to assess biofilm formation within sealer-dentin interfaces of root segments filled with gutta-percha and sealer incorporated with chitosan (cs) nanoparticles with and without canal surface treatment with different formulations of cs. | 2012 | 23321239 |
| cyclooxygenase-2 generates the endogenous mutagen trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in enterococcus faecalis-infected macrophages. | infection of macrophages by the human intestinal commensal enterococcus faecalis generates dna damage and chromosomal instability in mammalian cells through bystander effects. these effects are characterized by clastogenesis and damage to mitotic spindles in target cells and are mediated, in part, by trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-hne). in this study, we investigated the role of cox and lipoxygenase (lox) in producing this reactive aldehyde using e. faecalis-infected macrophages and interleukin (i ... | 2013 | 23321929 |
| antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide in endodontics: a review. | the purpose of endodontic therapy is to preserve the patient's natural teeth without compromising the patient's local or systemic health. calcium hydroxide has been included in several materials and antimicrobial formulations that are used in several treatment modalities in endodontics, such as inter-appointment intracanal medicaments. the purpose of this article was to review the antimicrobial properties of calcium hydroxide in endodontics. calcium hydroxide has a high ph (approximately 12.5-12 ... | 2012 | 23323217 |
| substantivity of three concentrations of tetraclean in bovine root dentin. | in the present study, the residual antibacterial activity, or substantivity, of three concentrations of tetraclean (ogna laboratori farmaceutici, muggiò, italy) was assessed in bovine root dentin in vitro. one hundred ten dentin tubes prepared from bovine incisor teeth were infected in vitro for 14 days with enterococcus faecalis. thereafter, the specimens were divided into five groups as follows: 100% tetraclean, 10% tetraclean, 1% tetraclean, sterile dentin tubes (negative control), and infect ... | 2012 | 23323220 |
| antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of 7-hydroxy-calamenene-rich essential oils from croton cajucara benth. | croton cajucara is a shrub native to the amazon region locally known as "sacaca". two morphotypes are known: white and red "sacaca". the essential oils (eo) obtained by hydrodistillation from leaves of the red morphotype were, in general, rich in 7-hydroxycalamenene (28.4%-37.5%). the effectiveness of these eo regarding the antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms was initially investigated by the drop test method, showing significant inhibition zones. among the microorganisms te ... | 2013 | 23325101 |
| comparing effects of freezing at -196 °c and -20 °c on the viability of mastitis pathogens. | the aim of this study was to compare the effects of cryopreservation at approximately -196 °c in liquid nitrogen (n) and freezing at approximately -20 °c in a freezer, on the viability and survival of eight different mastitogenic bacteria inoculated in milk. bacteria were frozen at approximately -20 °c in a freezer and cryopreserved at approximately -196 °c in liquid nitrogen. an effective preservation method was needed for follow-up samples from cows identified in the south african national mil ... | 2012 | 23327304 |
| [hospital outbreak of urinary tract infections by lubricant gel contaminated with burkholderia cepacia]. | burkholderia cepacia (b. cepacia) has been the causal agent of infectious hospital outbreaks. | 2012 | 23331747 |
| antimicrobial potential for the combination of bovine lactoferrin or its hydrolysate with lactoferrin-resistant probiotics against foodborne pathogens. | previous reports have shown that several probiotic strains can resist the antibacterial activity of bovine lactoferrin (blf), but the results are inconsistent. moreover, a portion of orally administered apo-blf is digested in vivo by pepsin to yield blf hydrolysate, which produces stronger antibacterial activity than that observed with apo-blf. however, whether blf hydrolysate affects the growth of probiotic strains is unclear. therefore, various probiotic strains in taiwan were collected and ev ... | 2013 | 23332852 |
| biosorption and biodegradation of acid orange 7 by enterococcus faecalis strain zl: optimization by response surface methodological approach. | reactive dyes account for one of the major sources of dye wastes in textile effluent. in this study, decolorization of the monoazo dye, acid orange 7 (ao7) by the enterococcus faecalis strain zl that isolated from a palm oil mill effluent treatment plant has been investigated. decolorization efficiency of azo dye is greatly affected by the types of nutrients and the size of inoculum used. in this work, one-factor-at-a-time (method and response surface methodology (rsm) was applied to optimize th ... | 2013 | 23334551 |
| inactivation of pathogens in feces by desiccation and urea treatment for application in urine-diverting dry toilets. | ecological sanitation technologies can be effective in providing health and environmental pollution control if they can efficiently reduce the pathogenicity of microorganisms carried in fecal material to safe levels. this study evaluated the sanitizing effects of different additives for dry treatment of feces from urine-diverting dry toilets, based on inactivation of enterococcus faecalis, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, bacteriophages ms2 and φx, and ascaris suum. the additives, ash (a ... | 2013 | 23335764 |
| a preliminary study of the antibacterial potential of cetylpyridinium chloride in root canals infected by e. faecalis. | the aim of this preliminary study was to verify the antibacterial potential of cetylpyridinium chloride (cpc) in root canals infected by enterococcus faecalis. forty human maxillary anterior teeth were prepared and inoculated with e. faecalis for 60 days. the teeth were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1: root canal preparation (rcp) + 0.1% cpc with positive-pressure irrigation (ppi, conventional, navitip(®)); 2: rcp + 0.2% cpc ppi; 3: rcp + 2.5% naocl ppi; 4: rcp + 2.5% naocl with neg ... | 2012 | 23338255 |
| chemical composition and antioxidant/antimicrobial activities in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extract of gloiopeltis tenax. | gloiopeltis tenax (g. tenax) is widely distributed along the chinese coastal areas and is commonly used in the treatment of diarrhea and colitis. this study aimed at investigating the bioactivities of the volatile constituents in g. tenax. we extracted the essential constituents of g. tenax by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (co₂-sfe), then identified and analyzed the constituents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). in total, 30 components were identified in the g. tenax ext ... | 2012 | 23342386 |
| tn6198, a novel transposon containing the trimethoprim resistance gene dfrg embedded into a tn916 element in listeria monocytogenes. | to characterize tn6198, a novel conjugative transposon from the clinical listeria monocytogenes strain tth-2007, which contains the tetracycline and trimethoprim resistance genes tet(m) and dfrg, respectively, and to assess its transferability in vitro and in situ. | 2013 | 23344576 |
| antimicrobial activity, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors of lactic acid bacteria of aquatic origin intended for use as probiotics in aquaculture. | the microorganisms intended for use as probiotics in aquaculture should exert antimicrobial activity and be regarded as safe not only for the aquatic hosts but also for their surrounding environments and humans. the objective of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial/bacteriocin activity against fish pathogens, the antibiotic susceptibility, and the prevalence of virulence factors and detrimental enzymatic activities in 99 lactic acid bacteria (lab) (59 enterococci and 40 non-enterococci ... | 2013 | 23347637 |
| the antibacterial activity of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine against enterococcus faecalis: a review on agar diffusion and direct contact methods. | complete debridement and disinfection of the root canal system are fundamental requirements for successful endodontic treatment. despite the morphological challenges of the internal root anatomy, root canal irrigants play an important role in the optimization of the root canal preparation, which is essentially a chemo-mechanical procedure. enterococcus faecalis is one of the most resistant microorganisms that dominants the microbial ecosystem of persistent periradicular lesions in retreatment ca ... | 2013 | 23349569 |
| propeptide processing and proteolytic activity of proenzymes of the staphylococcal and enterococcal gluv8-family protease. | proenzymes with various lengths of propeptides have been observed in gluv8 from staphylococcus aureus and gluse from s. epidermidis. however, the production mechanism of these proenzymes and roles of truncated propeptides have yet to be elucidated. here we demonstrate that shortening of propeptide commonly occurs in an auto-catalytic manner in gluv8-family members, including those from coagulase negative staphylococci and enterococcus faecalis. accompanied with propeptide shortening, the pro-mat ... | 2012 | 23350276 |
| independent risk factors for the co-colonization of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in the region most endemic for vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolation. | in the majority of cases of vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (vrsa), vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis (vr e. faecalis) served as the vana donor to s. aureus. previous studies that evaluated the risk factors for co-colonization with vre and mrsa did not differentiate between vr e. faecalis and vr e. faecium. this study aimed to identify variables associated with vr e. faecalis and mrsa co-colonization. a retrospective case-control study from january 2008 to december 2009 was c ... | 2013 | 23354672 |
| glucose triggers atp secretion from bacteria in a growth-phase-dependent manner. | atp modulates immune cell functions, and atp derived from gut commensal bacteria promotes the differentiation of t helper 17 (th17) cells in the intestinal lamina propria. we recently reported that enterococcus gallinarum, isolated from mice and humans, secretes atp. we have since found and characterized several atp-secreting bacteria. of the tested enterococci, enterococcus mundtii secreted the greatest amount of atp (>2 μm/10(8) cells) after overnight culture. glucose, not amino acids and vita ... | 2013 | 23354720 |
| the efficacy of passion fruit juice as an endodontic irrigant compared with sodium hypochlorite solution: an in vitro study. | to assess the effectiveness of several concentrations of two forms of passion fruit juice (pfj) in the elimination of enterococcus faecalis and to compare the antibacterial property of pfj with sodium hypochlorite (naocl) as an intracanal irrigant. | 2014 | 23355285 |
| microparticles containing propolis and metronidazole: in vitro characterization, release study and antimicrobial activity against periodontal pathogens. | ethylcellulose microparticles containing metronidazole and propolis extractive solution were prepared and evaluated in vitro against periodontal pathogens. scanning electron microscopy, particle size analysis, drug entrapment efficiency and drug release of microparticles were determined. the antimicrobial activity of microparticles was evaluated against microorganisms of periodontal importance (enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus mutans, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella ... | 2014 | 23356908 |
| update of dalbavancin spectrum and potency in the usa: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (2011). | dalbavancin (dal) is an investigational lipoglycopeptide with a prolonged serum half-life allowing once weekly dosing. dal potency was assessed in the 2011 sentry antimicrobial surveillance program among 1555 isolates sampled from all 9 us census regions. monitored gram-positive cocci included staphylococcus aureus (sa; 1,036/50.4% mrsa), coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons; 115), enterococcus faecalis (25), e. faecium (31), streptococcus pyogenes (155), streptococcus agalactiae (153), and vi ... | 2013 | 23357293 |
| chimeric beta-defensin analogs, including the novel 3ni analog, display salt-resistant antimicrobial activity and lack toxicity in human epithelial cell lines. | human beta-defensins (hbds) are crucial peptides for the innate immune response and are thus prime candidates as therapeutic agents directed against infective diseases. based on the properties of wild-type hbd1 and hbd3 and of previously synthesized analogs (1c, 3i, and 3n), we have designed a new analog, 3ni, and investigated its potential as an antimicrobial drug. specifically, we evaluated the antimicrobial activities of 3ni versus those of hbd1, hbd3, 1c, 3i, and 3n. our results show that 3n ... | 2013 | 23357761 |