Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| treatment of clostridium difficile infection: a national survey of clinician recommendations and the use of faecal microbiota transplantation. | adherence to clostridium difficile infection treatment guidelines is associated with lower recurrence rates and mortality as well as cost savings. this survey of irish clinicians indicates that patients are managed using a variety of approaches. faecal microbiota transplantation is potentially underused despite its recommendation in national and european guidelines. | 2017 | 28029471 |
| comparative genome analysis and global phylogeny of the toxin variant clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 017 reveals the evolution of two independent sublineages. | the diarrheal pathogen clostridium difficile consists of at least six distinct evolutionary lineages. the rt017 lineage is anomalous, as strains only express toxin b, compared to strains from other lineages that produce toxins a and b and, occasionally, binary toxin. historically, rt017 initially was reported in asia but now has been reported worldwide. we used whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to investigate the patterns of global spread and population structure of 277 rt017 iso ... | 2017 | 28031436 |
| probiotics for trauma patients: should we be taking a precautionary approach? | the use of probiotics in the hospital setting is largely understudied and highly controversial. probiotics are living organisms that, when taken internally, can produce an immunomodulating effect and improve the gastrointestinal (gi) mucosal barrier. although used for centuries by healthy individuals for gi health, their use in the hospital setting is now gaining wide attention for the prevention of infectious complications such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea, clostridium difficile infections ... | 2016 | 28033143 |
| perceptions of fecal microbiota transplantation for clostridium difficile infection: factors that predict acceptance. | despite the effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) for treating recurrent clostridium difficile (c. difficile) infection, some patients are reluctant to accept this therapy. our study examined attitudes towards fmt and factors that contribute to patients' acceptance of this treatment. | 2017 | 28042242 |
| the potential impact of gut microbiota on your health:current status and future challenges. | our health and probably also our behaviors and mood depend not only on what we eat or what we do (lifestyle behaviors), but also on what we host. it is well established for decades that all vertebrates including humans are colonized by a wide array of bacteria, fungi, eukaryotic parasites and viruses, and that, at steady state (homeostasis), this community of microbes establishes a friendly mutual relationship with the host. the term microbiota was originally meant to represent an ecological com ... | 2016 | 28042926 |
| fatal community-acquired ribotype 002 clostridium difficile bacteremia. | extra-colonic infections, and especially bacteremia, are infrequent manifestations of clostridium difficile infection. c. difficile bacteremia is generally health-care associated and polymicrobial. we report the case of a patient on hunger strike that presented a c. difficile colitis and mono-microbial bacteremia on its admission to the hospital. multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis of stool and blood isolates indicated clonality. the strain was characterized as a ribotype 002, an e ... | 2016 | 28043925 |
| analysis of gut microbiota - an ever changing landscape. | in the last two decades, the field of metagenomics has greatly expanded due to improvement in sequencing technologies allowing for a more comprehensive characterization of microbial communities. the use of these technologies has led to an unprecedented understanding of human, animal, and environmental microbiomes and have shown that the gut microbiota are comparable to an organ that is intrinsically linked with a variety of diseases. characterization of microbial communities using next-generatio ... | 2017 | 28051919 |
| the oral β-lactamase syn-004 (ribaxamase) degrades ceftriaxone excreted into the intestine in phase 2a clinical studies. | syn-004 (ribaxamase) is a β-lactamase designed to be orally administered concurrently with intravenous β-lactam antibiotics, including most penicillins and cephalosporins. ribaxamase's anticipated mechanism of action is to degrade excess β-lactam antibiotic that is excreted into the small intestine. this enzymatic inactivation of excreted antibiotic is expected to protect the gut microbiome from disruption and thus prevent undesirable side effects, including secondary infections such as clostrid ... | 2017 | 28052855 |
| procalcitonin is a poor predictor of non-infectious fever in the neurocritical care unit. | fever is a common occurrence in the neurocritical care unit (nccu). it is reported that up to 50 % of these fevers are associated with a non-infectious source. as this is a diagnosis of exclusion, a complete fever evaluation must be done to rule out infection. procalcitonin (pct) has been identified as a possible biomarker to distinguish infectious from non-infectious etiologies of fever. we hypothesized that pct could be used as a predictor of infectious fever in febrile patients with intracran ... | 2017 | 28054289 |
| acid-suppression medications and bacterial gastroenteritis: a population-based cohort study. | to investigate whether acid-suppression medicines (asms) increase the risk of bacterial gastroenteritis. | 2017 | 28054368 |
| predictors of failure after single faecal microbiota transplantation in patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection: results from a 3-year, single-centre cohort study. | faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is an effective treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). although a single faecal infusion is usually sufficient to eradicate cdi, a considerable number of patients need multiple infusions to be cured. the aim of this study was to identify predictors of failure after single faecal infusion in patients with recurrent cdi. | 2017 | 28057560 |
| lactobacillus reuteri dsm 17938 in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children: protocol of a randomised controlled trial. | administration of some probiotics appears to reduce the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad). the effects of probiotics are strain-specific, thus, the efficacy and safety of each probiotic strain should be established separately. we aim to assess the effects of lactobacillus reuteri dsm 17938 administration for the prevention of diarrhoea and aad in children. | 2017 | 28057659 |
| impact of targeted educational interventions on clostridium difficile infection treatment in critically ill adults. | background: clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a growing clinical and economic burden throughout the world. pharmacists often are members of the primary care team in the intensive care unit (icu) setting; however, the impact of pharmacists educating other health care providers on appropriateness of cdi treatment has not been previously examined. objective: this study was performed to determine the impact of structured educational interventions on cdi treatment on appropriateness of cdi tre ... | 2016 | 28057949 |
| fecal microbial transplant for the treatment of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. | the role of fecal microbial transplant (fmt) in the treatment of pediatric gastrointestinal disease has become increasingly popular among pediatric practitioners, patients, and parents. the success of fmt for the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi) has bolstered interest in its potential application to other disease states, such as inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). fmt has particular interest in pediatrics, given the concerns of patients and parents about rates of adver ... | 2016 | 28058011 |
| fecal microbial transplantation as a therapeutic option in patients colonized with antibiotic resistant organisms. | despite increasing interest in fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt), its full therapeutic potential has yet to be determined. since its increase in popularity, fmt has been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of both clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and its recurrent form. interest in fmt now expands well beyond the treatment of cdi to other processes with known associations to the microbiota such as antibiotic resistant infections, inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), hepatic ence ... | 2017 | 28059612 |
| production, crystallization and structure determination of c. difficile ppep-1 via microseeding and zinc-sad. | new therapies are needed to treat clostridium difficile infections that are a major threat to human health. the c. difficile metalloprotease ppep-1 is a target for future development of inhibitors to decrease the virulence of the pathogen. to perform biophysical and structural characterization as well as inhibitor screening, large amounts of pure and active protein will be needed. we have developed a protocol for efficient production and purification of ppep-1 by the use of e. coli as the expres ... | 2016 | 28060332 |
| cefoperazone-treated mouse model of clinically-relevant clostridium difficile strain r20291. | clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming enteric pathogen that is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and consequently poses an urgent threat to public health. recurrence of a c. difficile infection (cdi) after successful treatment with antibiotics is high, occurring in 20-30% of patients, thus necessitating the discovery of novel therapeutics against this pathogen. current animal models of cdi result in high mortality rates and thus do not approximate t ... | 2016 | 28060346 |
| clostridium difficile colonization in preoperative colorectal cancer patients. | the entire process of clostridium difficile colonization to infection develops in large intestine. however, the real colonization pattern of c. difficile in preoperative colorectal cancer patients has not been studied. in this study, 33 c. difficile strains (16.1%) were isolated from stool samples of 205 preoperative colorectal cancer patients. c. difficile colonization rates in lymph node metastasis patients (22.3%) were significantly higher than lymph node negative patients (10.8%) (or=2.314, ... | 2017 | 28060753 |
| the association between gaba-modulators and clostridium difficile infection - a matched retrospective case-control study. | recently, metabolomics studies have suggested that the neurotransmitter γ-amino butyric acid (gaba) may modulate c. difficile infection (cdi) pathogenesis. in the present study, we investigated the association between gaba-modulating pharmaceuticals and cdi development. | 2017 | 28060888 |
| asymptomatic carriers contribute to nosocomial clostridium difficile infection: a cohort study of 4508 patients. | nosocomial infections with clostridium difficile present a considerable problem despite numerous attempts by health care workers to reduce risk of transmission. asymptomatic carriers of c difficile can spread their infection to other patients. we investigated the effects of asymptomatic carriers on nosocomial c difficile infections. | 2017 | 28063955 |
| clostridium difficile contamination of health care workers' hands and its potential contribution to the spread of infection: review of the literature. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) can be transmitted from patient to patient by the hands of health care workers (hcws); however, the relative importance of this route in the spread of c difficile in the hospital is currently unknown. our aim was to review studies examining hcws' hand carriage and its potential role in cdi transmission. | 2017 | 28065332 |
| the power of poop: fecal microbiota transplantation for clostridium difficile infection. | the human gut is colonized with 200 to 1,000 bacterial species. administration of antibiotics reduces the diversity of the intestinal microbiota, reduces colonization resistance, and can lead to infection with clostridium difficile. these infections have become more prevalent and increasingly patients are experiencing multiple recurrences that are incurable with standard treatment. although fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has been used for centuries in human and veterinary medicine, only ... | 2016 | 28066039 |
| functional intestinal bile acid 7α-dehydroxylation by clostridium scindens associated with protection from clostridium difficile infection in a gnotobiotic mouse model. | bile acids, important mediators of lipid absorption, also act as hormone-like regulators and as antimicrobial molecules. in all these functions their potency is modulated by a variety of chemical modifications catalyzed by bacteria of the healthy gut microbiota, generating a complex variety of secondary bile acids. intestinal commensal organisms are well-adapted to normal concentrations of bile acids in the gut. in contrast, physiological concentrations of the various intestinal bile acid specie ... | 2016 | 28066726 |
| a quaternary ammonium disinfectant containing germinants reduces clostridium difficile spores on surfaces by inducing susceptibility to environmental stressors. | exposing clostridium difficile spores to germinants in a quaternary ammonium matrix was an effective method to reduce environmental contamination by sensitizing the spores, leaving them susceptible to ambient conditions and enhancing killing by acid, high-intensity visible light, and radiation. | 2016 | 28066792 |
| manual curation and reannotation of the genomes of clostridium difficile 630δerm and clostridium difficile 630. | we resequenced the genome of clostridium difficile 630δerm (dsm 28645), a model strain commonly used for the generation of insertion mutants. the genome sequence was obtained by a combination of single-molecule real-time (smrt) and illumina sequencing technology. detailed manual curation and comparison to the previously published genomic sequence revealed sequence differences including inverted regions and the presence of plasmid pcd630. manual curation of our previously deposited genome sequenc ... | 2017 | 28068217 |
| noncontiguous finished genome sequence and description of prevotella phocaeensis sp. nov., a new anaerobic species isolated from human gut infected by clostridium difficile. | prevotella phocaeensis sp. nov. strain sn19(t) (= dsm 103364) is a new species isolated from the gut microbiota of patient with colitis due to clostridium difficile. strain sn19(t) is gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, strictly anaerobic, nonmotile and non-endospore forming. the predominance fatty acid is hexadecanoic acid. its 16s rrna showed a 97.70% sequence identity with its phylogenetically closest species, prevotella oralis. the genome is 2 922 117 bp long and contains 2486 predicted genes ... | 2017 | 28070336 |
| surveillance of clostridium difficile infections: results from a six-year retrospective study in nine hospitals of a north italian local health authority. | clostridium difficile is an emerging cause of healthcare associated infections. in nine hospitals of an italian local health authority the episodes of c. difficile infection (cdi) were identified using the data registered by the centralized laboratory information system, from 2010 to 2015. cdi incidence (positive patients for a and/or b toxins per patients-days) was analysed per year, hospital, and ward. a number of cases approximately equivalent to the mean of identified cases per year were stu ... | 2017 | 28075419 |
| clostridium difficile infection in older adults: systematic review of efforts to reduce occurrence and improve outcomes. | provide a systematic review of the primary literature on efforts to reduce clostridium difficile infection (cdi) occurrence and improve outcomes in older adults. | 2017 | 28077203 |
| laboratory testing of donors and stool samples for fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | fecal microbiota transplantation is an efficacious and inexpensive therapy for recurrent clostridium difficile infection, yet its safety is thought to depend on appropriate fecal donor screening. fda guidance for regulation of this procedure is in flux, but screening and manufacture of fecal material from asymptomatic donors present many challenges to clinical laboratories. this minireview summarizes fda regulatory changes, principles of donor selection, and recommended laboratory screening prac ... | 2017 | 28077694 |
| point-counterpoint: what is the optimal approach for detection of clostridium difficile infection? | introductionin 2010, we published an initial point-counterpoint on the laboratory diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). at that time, nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) were just becoming commercially available, and the idea of algorithmic approaches to cdi was being explored. now, there are numerous naats in the marketplace, and based on recent proficiency test surveys, they have become the predominant method used for cdi diagnosis in the united states. at the same time, the ... | 2017 | 28077697 |
| clostridium difficile infection in cystic fibrosis: an uncommon but life-threatening complication. | adults with cystic fibrosis (cf) have significant rates of asymptomatic clostridium difficile carriage and are frequently exposed to risk factors for c. difficile infection (cdi). despite this, the rate of reported cdi in cf is low. we describe three cases of near fatal cdi in adults with cf and review the literature regarding presentation, management, and recurrence prevention. early recognition is important as the clinical presentation may be atypical and the illness can be severe and even lif ... | 2017 | 28078087 |
| clostridium difficile infection and risk of colectomy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a bias-adjusted meta-analysis. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a common complication of inflammatory bowel diseases (ibds) and is associated with worse outcome. variable rates of colectomy have been reported among ibd complicated by cdi. we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies to assess the association between cdi and colectomy among patients with ibd. | 2017 | 28079620 |
| call for probe into deaths from superbug. | the scottish labour party is calling for a scotland-wide investigation into deaths caused by clostridium difficile. | 2009 | 28080755 |
| application of nuclear magnetic resonance to detect toxigenic clostridium difficile from stool specimens: a proof of concept. | we evaluated the performance of an early prototype core molecular mirroring nuclear magnetic resonance detection platform (mentor-100) to detect toxigenic clostridium difficile from stool. this technology uses customized nanoparticles bound to target specific oligonucleotide probes that form binaries in the presence of nucleic acid from the target microorganism. liquid patient stool specimens were seeded with c. difficile or other clostridium species to determine the analytical sensitivity and s ... | 2017 | 28081922 |
| clostridium difficile and the consequences of progress. | 2017 | 28084877 | |
| clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in the oncology patient. | clostridium difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. oncology patients are particularly at risk of this infection secondary to frequent exposure to known risk factors. in a population in which diarrhea is a common adverse effect of chemotherapeutic regimens, diagnosis can be challenging secondary to current limitations in testing to differentiate between colonization and active infection. although severa ... | 2017 | 28084880 |
| diagnostic and therapeutic considerations for oncology patients with clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28084885 | |
| effectiveness of probiotics in reducing the incidence of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in elderly patients: a systematic review. | clostridium difficile bacteria are a leading cause of infectious diarrhea. this is an anaerobic, gram-positive and spore-forming rod responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, especially among elderly hospitalized patients. standard management of c. difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) consists of discontinuing a causative antibiotic, correcting fluid-electrolytes imbalance and initiating an antibiotic treatment for cdad. alternative approaches for prevention of cdad include probiotics ... | 2017 | 28085732 |
| c. difficile infection extends hospital stay for ventilated patients. | patients on prolonged, acute mechanical ventilation have a higher risk of clostridium difficile -associated disease than other hospital patients. concurrent c. difficile infection is associated with longer hospital stay and costs. | 2009 | 28086665 |
| clostridium difficile rates in asymptomatic and symptomatic hospitalized patients using nucleic acid testing. | the clostridium difficile rate in symptomatic patients represents both those with c. difficile infection (cdi) and those with colonization. to predict the extent of cdi overdiagnosis, we compared the asymptomatic colonization rate to the symptomatic positivity rate in hospitalized patients using nucleic acid testing. | 2017 | 28087170 |
| transrectal mesh erosion requiring bowel resection. | to report a case of a transrectal mesh erosion as complication of laparoscopic promontofixation with mesh repair, necessitating bowel resection and subsequent surgical interventions. | 2017 | 28087481 |
| european consensus conference on faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice. | faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is an important therapeutic option for clostridium difficile infection. promising findings suggest that fmt may play a role also in the management of other disorders associated with the alteration of gut microbiota. although the health community is assessing fmt with renewed interest and patients are becoming more aware, there are technical and logistical issues in establishing such a non-standardised treatment into the clinical practice with safety and pr ... | 2017 | 28087657 |
| community-onset clostridium difficile infection at a tertiary medical center in southern taiwan, 2007-2015. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is well-known as the major cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. community-onset cdi (co-cdi) is an emerging threat. however, clinical information of co-cdi in taiwan remains scarce. | 2016 | 28089100 |
| burden of clostridium difficile infection: associated hospitalization in a cohort of middle-aged and older adults. | clostridium difficile is the principal cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. the aim of this study was to describe and compare length of stay (los), costs, and in-hospital deaths for c difficile infection (cdi) and non-cdi hospitalizations, in a cohort of middle-aged and older australians. | 2017 | 28089675 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation to fight clostridium difficile infections and other intestinal diseases. | we have analyzed fecal bacterial and viral communities of a patient with recurrent c. difficile infection (rcdi) who was cured by fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt). the "zürich patient" experienced immediate cure and has remained free of symptoms for now over 5 y. donor-similar bacterial compositions after 4.5 y post-fmt demonstrated sustainable engraftment of donor microbiota predominated by bacteroidetes and firmicutes bacteria. appearance of beneficial species faecalibacterium prausnitzi ... | 2016 | 28090385 |
| mplex: a method for simultaneous pathogen inactivation and extraction of samples for multi-omics profiling. | the continued emergence and spread of infectious agents is of great concern, and systems biology approaches to infectious disease research can advance our understanding of host-pathogen relationships and facilitate the development of new therapies and vaccines. molecular characterization of infectious samples outside of appropriate biosafety containment can take place only subsequent to pathogen inactivation. herein, we describe a modified folch extraction using chloroform/methanol that facilita ... | 2017 | 28091625 |
| management of clostridium difficile infection in inflammatory bowel disease: expert review from the clinical practice updates committee of the aga institute. | the purpose of this expert review is to synthesize the existing evidence on the management of clostridium difficile infection in patients with underlying inflammatory bowel disease. the evidence reviewed in this article is a summation of relevant scientific publications, expert opinion statements, and current practice guidelines. this review is a summary of expert opinion in the field without a formal systematic review of evidence. best practice advice 1: clinicians should test patients who pres ... | 2017 | 28093134 |
| an evaluation of food as a potential source for clostridium difficile acquisition in hospitalized patients - corrigendum. | 2017 | 28095947 | |
| streptococcus gordonii-a rare cause of prosthetic joint infection in a total hip replacement. | a 69-year-old female with a history of bilateral total hip replacements presented with rigors, fever and sudden onset left groin pain. a pelvic x-ray showed well-fixed implants. blood results revealed a leucocytosis (white cell count 22.3 × 10(9) l(-1)) and elevated c-reactive protein (211 mg/l). ultrasound-guided aspiration of her left hip grew streptococcus gordonii no source infection could be identified apart from a new chronic sinus infection in a left upper incisor. following a discussion ... | 2017 | 28096320 |
| a clostridium difficile-specific, gel-forming protein required for optimal spore germination. | clostridium difficile is a gram-positive spore-forming obligate anaerobe that is a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea worldwide. in order for c. difficile to initiate infection, its aerotolerant spore form must germinate in the gut of mammalian hosts. while almost all spore-forming organisms use transmembrane germinant receptors to trigger germination, c. difficile uses the pseudoprotease cspc to sense bile salt germinants. cspc activates the related subtilisin-like protease cspb, w ... | 2017 | 28096487 |
| blowhole colostomy for clostridium difficile-associated toxic megacolon. | we present the case of a 58-year-old man who underwent urgent blowhole colostomy for toxic megacolon (tm) secondary to clostridium difficile infection (cdi). this infection occurred under antibiotic coverage with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, four days after laparoscopic sigmoidectomy in our hospital. although prospective clinical research regarding the surgical management of tm is lacking, decompressive procedures like blowhole colostomy are reported to carry a high risk of postoperative morbidi ... | 2016 | 28097034 |
| treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection using fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | we recently compared results of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) in patients with refractory, recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi), with and without underlying inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). here we extend this cohort and analyze outcomes in greater detail by subtype of ibd. we find that fmt is generally effective in breaking the cycle of cdi recurrence, but its effects on overall ibd progression are much less predictable. we discuss several challenges intrinsic to this comp ... | 2017 | 28102756 |
| cost-effectiveness analysis of five competing strategies for the management of multiple recurrent community-onset clostridium difficile infection in france. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is characterized by high rates of recurrence, resulting in substantial health care costs. the aim of this study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of treatments for the management of second recurrence of community-onset cdi in france. | 2017 | 28103289 |
| enhanced terminal room disinfection and acquisition and infection caused by multidrug-resistant organisms and clostridium difficile (the benefits of enhanced terminal room disinfection study): a cluster-randomised, multicentre, crossover study. | patients admitted to hospital can acquire multidrug-resistant organisms and clostridium difficile from inadequately disinfected environmental surfaces. we determined the effect of three enhanced strategies for terminal room disinfection (disinfection of a room between occupying patients) on acquisition and infection due to meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, c difficile, and multidrug-resistant acinetobacter. | 2017 | 28104287 |
| the mexican consensus on probiotics in gastroenterology. | probiotics are frequently prescribed in clinical practice. their efficacy in treating gastrointestinal disorders is supported by a significant number of clinical trials. however, the correct prescription of these agents is hampered due to a lack of knowledge of the scientific evidence and to the different presentations and microbial compositions of the probiotics that are currently available. | 2017 | 28104319 |
| [efficacy analysis of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of 406 cases with gastrointestinal disorders]. | to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) for gastrointestinal disorders. | 2017 | 28105618 |
| c. difficile pcr-ribotype 023 might go undetected when using chromid c. difficile agar. | we compared the performance of the new chromogenic medium chromid c. difficile with that of clo agar. chromid c. difficile agar is a sensitive medium that can accelerate the presumptive identification of c. difficile, however ribotype 023 might go undetected when using this chromogenic medium. | 2017 | 28108388 |
| development of clostridium difficile r20291δpaloc model strains and in vitro methodologies reveals cdtr is required for the production of cdt to cytotoxic levels. | assessing the regulation of clostridium difficile transferase (cdt), is complicated by the presence of a pathogenicity locus (paloc) which encodes toxins a and b. here we developed r20291δpaloc model strains and cell-based assays to quantify cdt-mediated virulence. their application demonstrated that the transcriptional regulator, cdtr, was required for cdt-mediated cytotoxicity. | 2017 | 28108389 |
| subtyping and antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 078/126 isolates of human and animal origin. | the clostridium difficile pcr ribotype complex 078/126 (rt078/126) is often involved in human disease and is also frequently isolated from diverse animal species. the high genetic relatedness between human and animal rt078/126 isolates found in different regions has encouraged discussion about the zoonotic potential of this lineage. we compared for the first time the genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of human and animal c. difficile rt078/126 isolates from spain. a coll ... | 2017 | 28110780 |
| the clostridium difficile quorum-sensing molecule alters the staphylococcus aureus toxin expression profile. | 2017 | 28111286 | |
| lack of adherence to shea-idsa treatment guidelines for clostridium difficile infection is associated with increased mortality. | the objective of this study was to determine our institution's compliance with 2010 society for healthcare epidemiology of america and idsa clostridium difficile infection (cdi) treatment guidelines and their respective outcomes. | 2017 | 28115504 |
| [gastrointestinal infections]. | infectious diarrhea is one of the most common diseases. this article summarizes the current state of the diagnostics and treatment and includes the most important pathogens, i.e. norovirus, rotavirus, campylobacter, salmonella, shigella and pathogenic escherichia coli. infections caused by toxin-producing strains of clostridium difficile are described in more detail due to the increasing importance. symptomatic therapy is still the most important component of treatment. empirical antibiotic ther ... | 2017 | 28116471 |
| clostridium difficile infection and patient-specific antimicrobial resistance testing reveals a high metronidazole resistance rate. | clostridium difficile (cd) infection (cdi) causes marked morbidity and mortality, accounting for large healthcare expenditures annually. current cdi treatment guidelines focus on clinical markers of patient severity to determine the preferred antibiotic regimen of metronidazole versus vancomycin. the antimicrobial resistance patterns for patients with cd are currently unknown. | 2017 | 28116592 |
| relevance of indeterminate clostridium difficile screening tests with detectable toxin genes: colonization or c. difficile disease? | 2017 | 28116970 | |
| a report of the efforts of the veterans health administration national antimicrobial stewardship initiative. | objective to detail the activities of the veterans health administration (vha) antimicrobial stewardship initiative and evaluate outcomes of the program. design observational analysis. setting the vha is a large integrated healthcare system serving approximately 6 million individuals annually at more than 140 medical facilities. methods utilization of nationally developed resources, proportional distribution of antibiotics, changes in stewardship practices and patient safety measures were report ... | 2017 | 28118861 |
| salubrinal protects against clostridium difficile toxin b-induced ct26 cell death. | clostridium difficile(c. difficile) is considered to be the major cause of the antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis in animals and humans. the prevalence of c. difficile infections (cdi) has been increasing since 2000. two exotoxins of c. difficile, toxin a (tcda) and toxin b (tcdb), are the main virulence factors of cdi, which can induce glucosylation of rho gtpases in host cytosol, leading to cell morphological changes, cell apoptosis, and cell death. the mechanism of tc ... | 2017 | 28119311 |
| prevalence and molecular epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection in thailand. | little is known about clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in asia generally, and specifically in thailand. given the high prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic usage in this region, cdi is likely to be common. this study investigated the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of cdi in thailand. stool specimens collected from inpatients with diarrhoea at siriraj hospital in bangkok (n = 422) were cultured on chromid cdiff agar and any presumptive c. difficile colonies were identified, pcr ribo ... | 2017 | 28119780 |
| pseudomembranous collagenous colitis: a case of not-so-microscopic colitis. | we present a 72-year-old male who developed progressive, watery diarrhea despite anti-motility agents. on colonoscopy, the mucosa was inflamed and covered with an exudate. stool studies for clostridium difficile and escherichia coli were negative. biopsies revealed pseudomembranous collagenous colitis, a rare form of microscopic colitis. his symptoms improved dramatically with budesonide therapy. | 2016 | 28119938 |
| fidaxomicin for treatment of clostridium difficile infection in clinical practice: a prospective cohort study in a french university hospital. | two randomized controlled trials (rcts) showed the non-inferiority of fidaxomicin compared with vancomycin for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) treatment and its superiority regarding recurrence rate. the aim of this study was to evaluate fidaxomicin's efficacy in clinical practice. | 2017 | 28120176 |
| bezlotoxumab for prevention of recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | background clostridium difficile is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. recurrences are common after antibiotic therapy. actoxumab and bezlotoxumab are human monoclonal antibodies against c. difficile toxins a and b, respectively. methods we conducted two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials, modify i and modify ii, involving 2655 adults receiving oral standard-of-care antibiotics for primary or recurrent c. difficile infection. particip ... | 2017 | 28121498 |
| bezlotoxumab - a new agent for clostridium difficile infection. | 2017 | 28121509 | |
| a decade of development of chromogenic culture media for clinical microbiology in an era of molecular diagnostics. | in the last 25 years, chromogenic culture media have found widespread application in diagnostic clinical microbiology. in the last decade, the range of media available to clinical laboratories has expanded greatly, allowing specific detection of additional pathogens, including pseudomonas aeruginosa, group b streptococci, clostridium difficile, campylobacter spp., and yersinia enterocolitica. new media have also been developed to screen for pathogens with acquired antimicrobial resistance, inclu ... | 2017 | 28122803 |
| is follow-up testing with the filmarray gastrointestinal multiplex pcr panel necessary? | the filmarray gastrointestinal (gi) panel (biofire diagnostics, salt lake city, ut) is a simple, sample-to-answer, on-demand, multiplex, nucleic acid amplification test for syndromic diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis. the aim of this study was to measure the yield of follow-up testing with filmarray gi panel within 4 weeks of an initial test. consecutive adult and pediatric patients tested at an academic institution between august 2015 and june 2016 were included in this study. of 145 foll ... | 2017 | 28122874 |
| genome analysis of clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 014 lineage in australian pigs and humans reveals a diverse genetic repertoire and signatures of long-range interspecies transmission. | clostridium difficile pcr ribotype (rt) 014 is well-established in both human and porcine populations in australia, raising the possibility that c. difficile infection (cdi) may have a zoonotic or foodborne etiology. here, whole genome sequencing and high-resolution core genome phylogenetics were performed on a contemporaneous collection of 40 australian rt014 isolates of human and porcine origin. phylogenies based on mlst (7 loci, sts 2, 13, and 49) and core orthologous genes (1260 loci) showed ... | 2016 | 28123380 |
| development of a novel vaccine containing binary toxin for the prevention of clostridium difficile disease with enhanced efficacy against nap1 strains. | clostridium difficile infections (cdi) are a leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea in the developed world. the main virulence factors of the bacterium are the large clostridial toxins (lcts), tcda and tcdb, which are largely responsible for the symptoms of the disease. recent outbreaks of cdi have been associated with the emergence of hypervirulent strains, such as nap1/bi/027, many strains of which also produce a third toxin, binary toxin (cdta and cdtb). these hypervirulent strains have been as ... | 2017 | 28125650 |
| profiling living bacteria informs preparation of fecal microbiota transplantations. | fecal microbiota transplantation is a compelling treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infections, with potential applications against other diseases associated with changes in gut microbiota. but variability in fecal bacterial communities-believed to be the therapeutic agent-can complicate or undermine treatment efficacy. to understand the effects of transplant preparation methods on living fecal microbial communities, we applied a dna-sequencing method (pma-seq) that uses propidium mon ... | 2017 | 28125667 |
| [breaking paradigms. intestinal microbiota transplantation: preliminar report]. | in the fourth century, during the chinese dong jin dynasty, the doctor ge hong described good results after the oral administration of a suspension prepared from human faeces in patients with severe diarrhoea or food poisoning. faecal microbiota transplantation has been used for five years in order to treat different diseases in addition to the severe diarrhoea caused by clostridium difficile(1). this paper aims to confirm that intestinal microbiota transplantation succeeds in reducing the negat ... | 2017 | 28126184 |
| lactulose is associated with decreased risk of clostridium difficile infection in decompensated cirrhosis. | 2017 | 28126426 | |
| challenges in fecal donor selection and screening for fecal microbiota transplantation: a review. | fecal microbiota transplantation is best understood as an effective and inexpensive therapy for recurrent clostridium difficile infection but fecal donor selection and screening should be periodically revised. here, we review current recommendations for selection and screening of fecal donors for fecal microbiota transplantation. we recommend considering diabetes mellitus, prior cardiovascular events, and clinical healthcare exposure as fecal donor exclusion criteria until more is known about th ... | 2017 | 28129018 |
| [reactive arthritis due to clostridium difficile: report of two cases and literature review]. | reactive arthritis due to clostridium difficile infection is uncommon. | 2017 | 28129954 |
| fluoroquinolone restriction to control fluoroquinolone-resistant clostridium difficile. | 2017 | 28130062 | |
| effects of control interventions on clostridium difficile infection in england: an observational study. | the control of clostridium difficile infections is an international clinical challenge. the incidence of c difficile in england declined by roughly 80% after 2006, following the implementation of national control policies; we tested two hypotheses to investigate their role in this decline. first, if c difficile infection declines in england were driven by reductions in use of particular antibiotics, then incidence of c difficile infections caused by resistant isolates should decline faster than ... | 2017 | 28130063 |
| clinical implications of emerging data on the safety of proton pump inhibitors. | proton pump inhibitors (ppi) are among the safest class of drugs used by all care providers, including gastroenterologists. they are the mainstay in treatment of acid-related disease, in particular, gastroesophageal reflux disease. without them, many patients would experience a major decrement in their quality of life. however, no drug is without side effects or adverse events. in the past decade, numerous reports, principally case control studies and meta-analyses, have raised questions about i ... | 2017 | 28130652 |
| key advantages of a targeted incident reporting system for severe and critical clostridium difficile infection incidents. | there is little guidance on how to design and implement an incident reporting system (irs) targeted at one of the most common types of adverse events in hospitals: hospital-associated infections. in this article, we describe an irs for severe and critical clostridium difficile infection incidents and highlight its key advantages. | 2017 | 28130951 |
| clostridium difficile colitis: a clinical review. | clostridium difficile colitis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the surgical patient. in recent years, clostridium difficile infections have shown marked increases in frequency, severity, and resistance to standard treatment. with urgent operative interventions and novel endoscopic approaches, pseudomembranous colitis is being seen more commonly in surgical practices. | 2017 | 28131326 |
| the burden of healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection in a non-metropolitan setting. | healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection (hca-cdi) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. however, few data exist on the burden of hca-cdi in multi-site non-metropolitan settings. this study examined the introduction of an antimicrobial stewardship programme (asp) in relation to hca-cdi rates, and the effect of hca-cdi on length of stay (los) and hospital costs. | 2017 | 28131640 |
| the cwb2 cell wall-anchoring module is revealed by the crystal structures of the clostridium difficile cell wall proteins cwp8 and cwp6. | bacterial cell wall proteins play crucial roles in cell survival, growth, and environmental interactions. in gram-positive bacteria, cell wall proteins include several types that are non-covalently attached via cell wall binding domains. of the two conserved surface-layer (s-layer)-anchoring modules composed of three tandem slh or cwb2 domains, the latter have so far eluded structural insight. the crystal structures of cwp8 and cwp6 reveal multi-domain proteins, each containing an embedded cwb2 ... | 2017 | 28132783 |
| [a case of advanced rectal cancer resulting in a pathologically complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy]. | a 61-years-old man was admitted to our hospital because of abdominal pain. colonoscopy revealed a type 2 tumor in the rectum, which was diagnosed as low differentiated adenocarcinoma. at least 8 abdominal lymph adenopathies were enhanced on contrast-enhanced ct. we diagnosed stage ct3n2h0m0p0, cstage iii b. because of the risk of a poor prognosis, we tried neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the purpose of down staging. a crt was prevented by clostridium difficile enteritis, but we completed 80% of the ... | 2016 | 28133313 |
| clostridium difficile infection: an orthopaedic surgeon's guide to epidemiology, management, and prevention. | clostridium difficile infection is a growing concern in health care and is a worrisome complication in orthopaedics. the incidence and severity of this infection are increasing, although the incidence following orthopaedic surgery is comparatively lower than that seen in patients in most other surgical specialties. the typical geriatric orthopaedic patient may have many risk factors that increase the likelihood of c difficile infection, including advanced age, residence in a long-term care facil ... | 2017 | 28134674 |
| novel antibiotics in development to treat clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infections (cdi) remain a challenge to treat clinically due primarily to limited number of antibiotics available and unacceptably high recurrence rates. because of this, there has been significant demand for creating innovative therapeutics, which has resulted in the development of several novel antibiotics. | 2017 | 28134686 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation for gastrointestinal disorders. | the importance of the gut microbiome in human health is being increasingly recognized. the purpose of this review is to examine the existing literature pertaining to alterations in the gut microbiome and the utility of microbiome restoration therapies in gastrointestinal disorders. | 2017 | 28134687 |
| a clostridium difficile lineage endemic to costa rican hospitals is multidrug resistant by acquisition of chromosomal mutations and novel mobile genetic elements. | the antimicrobial resistance (amr) rates and levels recorded for clostridium difficile are on the rise. this study reports the nature, levels, diversity, and genomic context of the antimicrobial resistance of human c. difficile isolates of the napcr1/rt012/st54 genotype, which caused an outbreak in 2009 and is endemic in costa rican hospitals. to this end, we determined the susceptibilities of 38 napcr1 isolates to 10 antibiotics from seven classes using etests or macrodilution tests and examine ... | 2017 | 28137804 |
| use of antibiotic and prevalence of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in-patients with spinal cord injuries: a uk national spinal injury centre experience. | this was a retrospective audit, with the aims being to (1) record the use of antibiotics; (2) establish the prevalence of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad) and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad); and (3) assess if there was any seasonal variation in antibiotic use and incidence of aad. | 2017 | 28139662 |
| geriatric infectious diseases: current concepts on diagnosis and management. | new information on infectious diseases in older adults has become available in the past 20 years. in this review, in-depth discussions on the general problem of geriatric infectious diseases (epidemiology, pathogenesis, age-related host defenses, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach); diagnosis and management of bacterial pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and clostridium difficile infection; and the unique challenges of diagnosing and managing infections in a long-term care setting are ... | 2017 | 28140454 |
| high prevalence of toxigenic clostridium difficile in public space lawns in western australia. | clostridium difficile is a well-established hospital pathogen. recently, it has been detected increasingly in patients without hospital contact. given this rise in community associated infections with c. difficile, we hypothesized that the environment could play an important role in transmission of spores outside the hospital. lawn samples (311) collected in public spaces in the metropolitan area of perth, western australia, from february to june 2016 were cultured for c. difficile. c. difficile ... | 2017 | 28145453 |
| epidemiology and factors related to clinical severity of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination. | we aimed to investigate epidemiology and host- and pathogen-related factors associated with clinical severity of acute gastroenteritis (age) in children after rotavirus vaccination introduction. factors assessed included age, co-infection with more than 2 viruses, and virus-toxigenic clostridium difficile co-detection. fecal samples and clinical information, including modified vesikari scores, were collected from hospitalized children with age. the presence of enteric viruses and bacteria, inclu ... | 2017 | 28145650 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation in inflammatory bowel disease. | the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is unknown, but it is thought to arise from an aberrant immune response to a change in colonic environment in a genetically susceptible individual. the intestinal microbiota are located at the complex interface of the epithelial barrier and are sensitive to changes in environmental factors, such as diets, drugs or smoking and signals derived from the intestinal immune system and the gut-brain axis. in patients with ibd, an imbalance in the structu ... | 2017 | 28147375 |
| case report: acute flair of ulcerative colitis during pregnancy is still a major problem. | although severe flare of ulcerative colitis (uc) is uncommon, it significantly increases the risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight and other adverse fetal outcomes. it is critical to optimize aggressive medical treatment with both mother and fetal health. here, we present a case of a 30-year-old woman with a severe flare of uc at the 16th gestational week. the diagnosis of extensive uc was established 8 years ago. from the time she was diagnosed, she had 5 moderate flares successfully treat ... | 2017 | 28147377 |
| use of tigecycline for the management of clostridium difficile colitis in oncology patients and case series of breakthrough infections. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most frequent cause of nosocomial diarrhoea in adults. cancer patients, in particular, are at a higher risk for cdi. limited clinical data exist regarding the use of tigecycline for the treatment of cdi, especially in patients with oncologic and haematologic malignancies. | 2017 | 28153556 |
| clinical and laboratory features of the most common clostridium difficile ribotypes isolated in belgium. | previous studies comparing clostridium difficile infection (cdi) due to different ribotypes have been conflicting, and many have only compared small numbers of cases or few ribotypes. | 2017 | 28153559 |