Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| implications of spatiotemporal regulation of shigella flexneri type three secretion activity on effector functions: think globally, act locally. | shigella spp. are gram-negative bacterial pathogens that infect human colonic epithelia and cause bacterial dysentery. these bacteria express multiple copies of a syringe-like protein complex, the type three secretion apparatus (t3sa), which is instrumental in the etiology of the disease. the t3sa triggers the plasma membrane (pm) engulfment of the bacteria by host cells during the initial entry process. it then enables bacteria to escape the resulting phagocytic-like vacuole. freed bacteria for ... | 2016 | 27014638 |
| molecular and cellular mechanisms of shigella flexneri dissemination. | the intracellular pathogen shigella flexneri is the causative agent of bacillary dysentery in humans. the disease is characterized by bacterial invasion of intestinal cells, dissemination within the colonic epithelium through direct spread from cell to cell, and massive inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. here, we review the mechanisms supporting s. flexneri dissemination. the dissemination process primarily relies on actin assembly at the bacterial pole, which propels the pathogen throughout ... | 2016 | 27014639 |
| conserved transmembrane glycine residues in the shigella flexneri polysaccharide co-polymerase protein wzzb influence protein-protein interactions. | the o antigen (oag) component of lipopolysaccharides (lps) is crucial for virulence and oag chain-length regulation is controlled by the polysaccharide co-polymerase class 1 (pcp1) proteins. crystal structure analyses indicate that structural conservation among pcp1 proteins is highly maintained, however the mechanism of oag modal-chain-length control remains to be fully elucidated. shigella flexneri pcp1 protein wzzbsf confers a modal-chain length of 10-17 oag repeat units (rus), whereas the sa ... | 2016 | 27028755 |
| antimicrobial peptide, hdmolluscidin, purified from the gill of the abalone, haliotis discus. | a 4.7 kda antimicrobial peptide was purified from the acidified gill extract of the abalone, haliotis discus, by cation-exchange and c18 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). comparison of the amino acid sequences and molecular weight of this peptide with those of other known antimicrobial peptides revealed that this antimicrobial peptide have high sequence homology with that of cgmolluscidin and was designated hdmolluscidin. hdmolluscidin is composed of 46 amino acid res ... | 2016 | 27033467 |
| linear synthesis of the hexasaccharide related to the repeating unit of the o-antigen from shigella flexneri serotype 1d (i: 7,8). | total synthesis of the hexasaccharide repeating unit of the o-antigen from shigella flexneri serotype 1d (i: 7,8), α-d-glcp-(1→3)-α-l-rhap-(1→2)-α-l-rhap-(1→3)-α-l-rhap-(1→3)-[α-d-glcp-(1→4)]-β-d-glcpnac, is reported by following a linear strategy. the target hexasaccharide was synthesized by sequential glycosylations of suitably protected monosaccharide derivatives prepared from commercially available monosaccharides through rational protecting group manipulations. stereoselective glycosylation ... | 2016 | 27043468 |
| bacteriophage tailspikes and bacterial o-antigens as a model system to study weak-affinity protein-polysaccharide interactions. | understanding interactions of bacterial surface polysaccharides with receptor protein scaffolds is important for the development of antibiotic therapies. the corresponding protein recognition domains frequently form low-affinity complexes with polysaccharides that are difficult to address with experimental techniques due to the conformational flexibility of the polysaccharide. in this work, we studied the tailspike protein (tsp) of the bacteriophage sf6. sf6tsp binds and hydrolyzes the high-rham ... | 2016 | 27045683 |
| crystal structure of the substrate-recognition domain of the shigella e3 ligase ipah9.8. | infectious diseases caused by bacteria have significant impacts on global public health. during infection, pathogenic bacteria deliver a variety of virulence factors, called effectors, into host cells. the shigella effector ipah9.8 functions as an ubiquitin ligase, ubiquitinating the nf-κb essential modulator (nemo)/ikk-γ to inhibit host inflammatory responses. ipah9.8 contains leucine-rich repeats (lrrs) involved in substrate recognition and an e3 ligase domain. to elucidate the structural basi ... | 2016 | 27050259 |
| macrophage apoptosis triggered by ipad from shigella flexneri. | shigellosis, a potentially severe bacillary dysentery, is an infectious gastrointestinal disease caused by shigella spp. shigella invades the human colonic epithelium and avoids clearance by promoting apoptosis of resident immune cells in the gut. this process is dependent on the shigella type iii secretion system (t3ss), which injects effector proteins into target cells to alter their normal cellular functions. invasion plasmid antigen d (ipad) is a structural component that forms a complex at ... | 2016 | 27068089 |
| an approach to identify and characterize a subunit candidate shigella vaccine antigen. | shigellosis remains a serious issue throughout the developing countries, particularly in children under the age of 5. numerous strategies have been tested to develop vaccines targeting shigellosis; unfortunately despite several years of extensive research, no safe, effective, and inexpensive vaccine against shigellosis is available so far. here, we illustrate in detail an approach to identify and establish immunogenic outer membrane proteins from shigella flexneri 2a as subunit vaccine candidate ... | 2016 | 27076146 |
| characterization of a multicomponent live, attenuated shigella flexneri vaccine. | shigella flexneri is a leading cause of diarrheal disease in children under five in developing countries. there is currently no licensed vaccine and broad spectrum protection requires coverage of multiple serotypes. the live attenuated vaccines cvd 1213 and cvd 1215 were derived from two prominent s. flexneri serotypes: s. flexneri 3a and s. flexneri 6. to provide broad-spectrum immunity, they could be combined with cvd 1208s, a s. flexneri 2a strain that demonstrated promising results in phase ... | 2016 | 27106253 |
| genetic functions of the naip family of inflammasome receptors for bacterial ligands in mice. | biochemical studies suggest that the naip family of nlr proteins are cytosolic innate receptors that directly recognize bacterial ligands and trigger nlrc4 inflammasome activation. in this study, we generated naip5(-/-), naip1(-/-), and naip2(-/-) mice and showed that bone marrow macrophages derived from these knockout mice are specifically deficient in detecting bacterial flagellin, the type iii secretion system needle, and the rod protein, respectively. naip1(-/-), naip2(-/-), and naip5(-/-) m ... | 2016 | 27114610 |
| biochemical properties and mechanism of action of enterocin ld3 purified from enterococcus hirae ld3. | enterocin ld3 was purified using activity-guided multistep chromatography techniques such as cation-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. the preparation's purity was tested using reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography. the specific activity was tested to be 187.5 au µg(-1) with 13-fold purification. purified enterocin ld3 was heat stable up to 121 °c (at 15 psi pressure) and ph 2-6. the activity was lost in the presence of papain, reduced by proteinase k, pepsin and trypsin ... | 2016 | 27145777 |
| shigella diversity and changing landscape: insights for the twenty-first century. | shigella is a pathovar of escherichia coli comprising four groups, shigella flexneri, shigella sonnei, shigella dysenteriae, and shigella boydii, each of them, with the exception of s.sonnei, comprising several serotypes. shigella accounts for the majority of dysentery causing infections occurring world-wide each year. recent advancements in the shigella field have led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying host epithelial cell invasion and immune cell function manipula ... | 2016 | 27148494 |
| structural and functional characterization of the lps transporter lptde from gram-negative pathogens. | incorporation of lipopolysaccharide (lps) into the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is essential for viability, and is accomplished by a two-protein complex called lptde. we solved crystal structures of the core lptde complexes from yersinia pestis, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and a full-length structure of the k. pneumoniae lptde complex. our structures adopt the same plug and 26-strand β-barrel architecture found recently for the shigella flexneri and salmonella typh ... | 2016 | 27161977 |
| antibacterial potential and genetic profile of enterococcus faecium strains isolated from human normal flora. | enterococci have a widespread attendance in the circumference and belongs to the enteric commensal microbiota. most of them produce the antimicrobial compounds and have an inhibition effect on pathogenic microorganisms. the objective of this study was to characterize the enterococcal strains isolated from human normal flora and assess their antibacterial activity. enterococcal isolates were obtained from the feces of eighteen healthy humans. all enterococcal species were identified by biochemica ... | 2016 | 27165538 |
| mice with streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia are susceptible to invasive enteric bacterial infection. | diabetes mellitus and diarrhea are becoming increasingly burdensome worldwide, particularly in developing countries such as india. diabetic patients are susceptible to infection with pathogenic bacteria, particularly those causing invasive enteric infections. in this study, we observed changes in the pathophysiological features of mice with streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. in our experiments, both hyperglycemic and control mice were infected with pathogenic enteric bacteria-non-typhoidal sa ... | 2017 | 27169940 |
| mxia, mxic and ipad regulate substrate selection and secretion mode in the t3ss of shigella flexneri. | type iii secretion systems (t3sss) are central virulence devices for many gram-negative bacterial pathogens of humans, animals & plants. upon physical contact with eukaryotic host cells, they translocate virulence-mediating proteins, known as effectors, into them during infection. t3sss are gated from the outside by host-cell contact and from the inside via two cytoplasmic negative regulators, mxic and ipad in shigella flexneri, which together control the effector secretion hierarchy. their abse ... | 2016 | 27171191 |
| resistant shigella strains in refugees, august-october 2015, greece. | shigellosis is endemic in most developing countries and thus a known risk in refugees and internally displaced persons. in 2015, a massive influx of refugees into greece, due to the political crisis in the middle east, led to the development of appropriate conditions for outbreaks of communicable diseases as shigellosis. we present a cluster of 16 shigellosis cases in refugees, detected by the implementation of a syndromic notification system in one transit centre in athens, between 20 august an ... | 2016 | 27180973 |
| macropinosomes are key players in early shigella invasion and vacuolar escape in epithelial cells. | intracellular pathogens include all viruses, many bacteria and parasites capable of invading and surviving within host cells. key to survival is the subversion of host cell pathways by the pathogen for the purpose of propagation and evading the immune system. the intracellular bacterium shigella flexneri, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, invades host cells in a vacuole that is subsequently ruptured to allow growth of the pathogen within the host cytoplasm. s. flexneri invasion has bee ... | 2016 | 27182929 |
| serum bactericidal assay for the evaluation of typhoid vaccine using a semi-automated colony-counting method. | typhoid fever, mainly caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi), is a life-threatening disease, mostly in developing countries. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is widely used to quantify antibodies against s. typhi in serum but does not provide information about functional antibody titers. although the serum bactericidal assay (sba) using an agar plate is often used to measure functional antibody titers against various bacterial pathogens in clinical specimens, it has rare ... | 2016 | 27216239 |
| prevalence, resistance patterns, and characterization of integrons of shigella flexneri isolated from jiangsu province in china, 2001-2011. | to provide the epidemiology, resistance pattern, and characterization of integrons in shigella flexneri isolated between 2001 and 2011 in jiangsu province. | 2016 | 27220330 |
| mitochondria mediate septin cage assembly to promote autophagy of shigella. | septins, cytoskeletal proteins with well-characterised roles in cytokinesis, form cage-like structures around cytosolic shigella flexneri and promote their targeting to autophagosomes. however, the processes underlying septin cage assembly, and whether they influence s. flexneri proliferation, remain to be established. using single-cell analysis, we show that the septin cages inhibit s. flexneri proliferation. to study mechanisms of septin cage assembly, we used proteomics and found mitochondria ... | 2016 | 27259462 |
| the impact of oxygen on bacterial enteric pathogens. | bacterial enteric pathogens are responsible for a tremendous amount of foodborne illnesses every year through the consumption of contaminated food products. during their transit from contaminated food sources to the host gastrointestinal tract, these pathogens are exposed and must adapt to fluctuating oxygen levels to successfully colonize the host and cause diseases. however, the majority of enteric infection research has been conducted under aerobic conditions. to raise awareness of the import ... | 2016 | 27261784 |
| monoclonal antibodies to shigella lipopolysaccharide are useful for vaccine production. | there is a significant need for an effective multivalent shigella vaccine that targets the most prevalent serotypes. most shigella vaccines under development utilize serotype-specific lipopolysaccharides (lpss) as a major component based on protection and epidemiological data. as vaccine formulations advance from monovalent to multivalent, assays and reagents need to be developed to accurately and reproducibly quantitate the amount of lpss from multiple serotypes in the final product. to facilit ... | 2016 | 27280622 |
| shigella flexneri modulates stress granule composition and inhibits stress granule aggregation. | invasion and multiplication of the facultative, cytosolic, enteropathogen shigella flexneri within the colonic epithelial lining leads to an acute inflammatory response, fever and diarrhea. during the inflammatory process, infected cells are subjected to numerous stresses including heat, oxidative stress and genotoxic stress. the evolutionarily conserved pathway of cellular stress management is the formation of stress granules that store translationally inactive cellular mrnas and interfere with ... | 2016 | 27282465 |
| tetracycline-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticle (tet-cpnp): rejuvenation of an obsolete antibiotic to further action. | increasing resistance in bacteria towards antibiotics has made it imperative to research on their revitalization to combat infectious diseases. this study dealt with synthesis of a nano-form of the antibiotic tetracycline, its characterization and potency of killing different multi-drug resistant diarrhea-causing bacteria. | 2016 | 27288585 |
| vector potential of blattella germanica (l.) (dictyoptera: blattidae) for medically important bacteria at food handling establishments in jimma town, southwest ethiopia. | cockroaches have been regarded as possible vectors of human enteropathogens. their presence and crawl particularly in food handling establishments could be risky for human health. therefore, this study was done to determine the vector potential of cockroach for medically important bacterial pathogens in restaurants and cafeterias. a cross-sectional study was conducted on cockroaches from restaurants and cafeterias in jimma town from may to september 2014. standard taxonomic keys and microbiologi ... | 2016 | 27294115 |
| carbbuilder: software for building molecular models of complex oligo- and polysaccharide structures. | carbbuilder is a portable software tool for producing three-dimensional molecular models of carbohydrates from the simple text specification of a primary structure. carbbuilder can generate a wide variety of carbohydrate structures, ranging from monosaccharides to large, branched polysaccharides. version 2.0 of the software, described in this article, supports monosaccharides of both mammalian and bacterial origin and a range of substituents for derivatization of individual sugar residues. this ... | 2016 | 27317625 |
| shigella flexneri serotype 1c derived from serotype 1a by acquisition of gtric gene cluster via a bacteriophage. | shigella spp. are the primary causative agents of bacillary dysentery. since its emergence in the late 1980s, the s. flexneri serotype 1c remains poorly understood, particularly with regard to its origin and genetic evolution. this article provides a molecular insight into this novel serotype and the gtric gene cluster that determines its unique immune recognition. | 2016 | 27349637 |
| molecular characterization and analysis of high-level multidrug-resistance of shigella flexneri serotype 4s strains from china. | to conduct the first comprehensive analysis of shigella flexneri serotype 4s, a novel serotype found in 2010, we identified 24 serotype 4s isolates from 1973 shigellosis cases in china (2002-2014). the isolates were characterized by single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) phylogenetic analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multilocus sequence typing (mlst) to determine their genetic relatedness, and analysed further for their antimicrobial susceptibilities and antimicrobial resistanc ... | 2016 | 27374009 |
| detailed investigation of the immunodominant role of o-antigen stoichiometric o-acetylation as revealed by chemical synthesis, immunochemistry, solution conformation and std-nmr spectroscopy for shigella flexneri 3a. | shigella flexneri 3a causes bacillary dysentery. its o-antigen has the {2)-[α-d-glcp-(1→3)]-α-l-rhap-(1→2)-α-l-rhap-(1→3)-[ac→2]-α-l-rhap-(1→3)-[ac→6]≈40 % -β-d-glcpnac-(1→} ([(e)abac cac d]) repeating unit, and the non-o-acetylated equivalent defines s. flexneri x. propyl hepta-, octa-, and decasaccharides sharing the (e')a'bac cd(e)a sequence, and their non-o-acetylated analogues were synthesized from a fully protected bac cd(e)a allyl glycoside. the stepwise introduction of orthogonally prote ... | 2016 | 27376496 |
| unprecedented abundance of protein tyrosine phosphorylation modulates shigella flexneri virulence. | evidence is accumulating that protein tyrosine phosphorylation plays a crucial role in the ability of important human bacterial pathogens to cause disease. while most works have concentrated on its role in the regulation of a major bacterial virulence factor, the polysaccharide capsule, recent studies have suggested a much broader role for this post-translational modification. this prompted us to investigate protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the human pathogen shigella flexneri. we first compl ... | 2016 | 27380737 |
| efficient iterative synthesis of o-acetylated tri- to pentadecasaccharides related to the lipopolysaccharide of shigella flexneri type 3 a through di- and trisaccharide glycosyl donors. | protection against bacterial infections, including shigellosis, can be achieved by antibodies against the bacterial surface polysaccharide. in line with our efforts to develop vaccine candidates for shigellosis, we report herein the synthesis of penta-, deca-, and pentadecasaccharides as well as tri-, octa-, and tridecasaccharides as the endchain and intrachain fragments, respectively, of the surface polysaccharide of shigella flexneri 3 a, a prevalent serotype. the syntheses relied on the effic ... | 2017 | 27385615 |
| anoxia and glucose supplementation preserve neutrophil viability and function. | functional studies of human neutrophils and their transfusion for clinical purposes have been hampered by their short life span after isolation. here, we demonstrate that neutrophil viability is maintained for 20 hours in culture media at 37°c under anoxic conditions with 3 mm glucose and 32 μg/ml dimethyloxalylglycine supplementation, as evidenced by stabilization of mcl-1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna), and pro-caspase-3. notably, neutrophil morphology (nucleus shape and cell-surfa ... | 2016 | 27402974 |
| bacteriocinogenic bacteria isolated from raw goat milk and goat cheese produced in the center of méxico. | currently, there are few reports on the isolation of microorganisms from goat milk and goat cheese that have antibacterial activity. in particular, there are no reports on the isolation of microorganisms with antibacterial activity from these products in central mexico. our objective was to isolate bacteria, from goat products, that synthesized antimicrobial peptides with activity against a variety of clinically significant bacteria. we isolated and identified lactobacillus rhamnosus, l. plantar ... | 2016 | 27407294 |
| complex secondary metabolites from ludwigia leptocarpa with potent antibacterial and antioxidant activities. | diarrhea continues to be one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among infants and children in developing countries. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of extracts and compounds from ludwigia leptocarpa, a plant traditionally used for its vermifugal, anti-dysenteric, and antimicrobial properties. a methanol extract was prepared by maceration of the dried plant and this was successively extracted with ethyl acetate to obtain ... | 2017 | 27431270 |
| the bacterial dna repair protein mfd confers resistance to the host nitrogen immune response. | production of reactive nitrogen species (no) is a key step in the immune response following infections. no induces lesions to bacterial dna, thus limiting bacterial growth within hosts. using two pathogenic bacteria, bacillus cereus and shigella flexneri, we show that the dna-repair protein mfd (mutation-frequency-decline) is required for bacterial resistance to the host-no-response. in both species, a mutant deficient for mfd does not survive to no, produced in vitro or by phagocytic cells. in ... | 2016 | 27435260 |
| molecular characterisation of quinolone-resistant shigella strains isolated in tehran, iran. | over the past few years, the number of shigella strains resistant to nalidixic acid has increased and has made the selection of effective antimicrobial therapy more difficult. the purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of quinolone resistance in shigella strains. shigella strains isolated from 1100 diarrhoeal patients in tehran, iran, were assessed for their susceptibility to nalidixic acid prior to pcr-rflp and sequence analysis of their quinolone resistance genes. amo ... | 2016 | 27436462 |
| identification of a distinct substrate-binding domain in the bacterial cysteine methyltransferase effectors nlee and ospz. | the type iii secretion system effector protein nlee from enteropathogenic escherichia coli plays a key role in the inhibition of nf-κb activation during infection. nlee inactivates the ubiquitin chain binding activity of host proteins tak1-binding proteins 2 and 3 (tab2 and tab3) by modifying the npl4 zinc finger domain through s-adenosyl methionine-dependent cysteine methylation. using yeast two-hybrid protein interaction studies, we found that a conserved region between amino acids 34 and 52 o ... | 2016 | 27445336 |
| manipulation of host membranes by the bacterial pathogens listeria, francisella, shigella and yersinia. | bacterial pathogens display an impressive arsenal of molecular mechanisms that allow survival in diverse host niches. subversion of plasma membrane and cytoskeletal functions are common themes associated to infection by both extracellular and intracellular pathogens. moreover, intracellular pathogens modify the structure/stability of their membrane-bound compartments and escape degradation from phagocytic or autophagic pathways. here, we review the manipulation of host membranes by listeria mono ... | 2016 | 27448494 |
| molecular diagnosis and anti-microbial resistance patterns among shigella spp. isolated from patients with diarrhea. | this study aims to determine the serogroup distribution and molecular diagnosis, as well as antimicrobial resistance profiles among shigella spp. isolated from patients with diarrhea in kerman, southeast of iran. | 2016 | 27458513 |
| green synthesis and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles using wild medicinal mushroom ganoderma applanatum (pers.) pat. from similipal biosphere reserve, odisha, india. | in the present study, green synthesis and cost effective approach of silver nanoparticles using wild medicinal mushroom ganoderma applanatum (pers.) pat. from similipal biosphere reserve, odisha, india is reported. the biosynthesised agnps were characterised using uv-visible spectroscopy, particle analyser and scanning electron microscopy studies. it was found by dynamic light scattering analysis, that the average size and charges of the agnps were 133.0 ± 0.361 nm and -6.01 ± 5.30 mv, respectiv ... | 2016 | 27463787 |
| characterization of a biofilm-forming shigella flexneri phenotype due to deficiency in hep biosynthesis. | deficiency in biosynthesis of inner core of lipopolysaccharide (lps) rendered a characteristic biofilm-forming phenotype in e. coli. the pathological implications of this new phenotype in shigella flexneri, a highly contagious enteric gram-negative bacteria that is closely related to e. coli, were investigated in this study. the δrfac (also referred as waac) mutant, with incomplete inner core of lps due to deficiency in hep biosynthesis, was characteristic of strong biofilm formation ability and ... | 2016 | 27478696 |
| supercharging reagent for enhanced liquid chromatographic separation and charging of sialylated and high-molecular-weight glycopeptides for nanohplc-esi-ms/ms analysis. | recent developments in proteomic techniques have led to the development of mass spectrometry (ms)-based methods to characterize site-specific glycosylation of proteins. however, appropriate analytical tools to characterize acidic and high-molecular-weight (hmw) glycopeptides are still lacking. in this study, we demonstrate that the addition of supercharging reagent, m-nitrobenzyl alcohol (m-nba), into mobile phases greatly facilitates the analysis of acidic and hmw glycopeptides. using commercia ... | 2016 | 27487254 |
| evaluation of the antioxidative, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects of the aloe fermentation supernatant containing lactobacillus plantarum hm218749.1. | little work is done to develop aloe vera (av) using probiotics. to explore the potential benefits, the antioxidant effects and the antibacterial effects on foodborne pathogens of aloe fermentation supernatant were evaluated in vitro. our results indicated that the aloe fermentation supernatant fermented by lactobacillus plantarum hm218749.1 had very strong scavenging capacities of the dpph (86%), o2 (•-) (85%), (•)oh (76%), and fe(2+) chelation (82%) and reducing powers (242.5 mg/l), and the inh ... | 2016 | 27493450 |
| evolved populations of shigella flexneri phage sf6 acquire large deletions, altered genomic architecture, and faster life cycles. | genomic architecture is the framework within which genes and regulatory elements evolve and where specific constructs may constrain or potentiate particular adaptations. one such construct is evident in phages that use a headful packaging strategy that results in progeny phage heads packaged with dna until full rather than encapsidating a simple unit-length genome. here, we investigate the evolution of the headful packaging phage sf6 in response to barriers that impede efficient phage adsorption ... | 2016 | 27497318 |
| identification of novel bacterial dna gyrase inhibitors: an in silico study. | owing to essential role in bacterial survival, dna gyrase has been exploited as a validated drug target. however, rapidly emerging resistance to gyrase-targeted drugs such as widely utilized fluoroquinolones reveals the necessity to develop novel compounds with new mechanism of actions against this enzyme. here, an attempt has been made to identify new drug-like molecules for shigella flexneri dna gyrase inhibition through in silico approaches. the structural similarity search was carried out us ... | 2017 | 27499795 |
| extended spectrum β-lactamase producing shigella flexneri serotype-2 causing bacteremia in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. | we report a case of shigella flexneri serotype-2 causing bacteremia in an elderly gentleman with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, who had no other apparent risk factors. antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that the organism was a multidrug resistant extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing straian, which was confirmed by molecular characterization. this rare case alerts both the clinician and microbiologist to a previously unaddressed risk factor of shigella spp. causing bacteremia, as w ... | 2017 | 27510696 |
| gallic acid conjugated with gold nanoparticles: antibacterial activity and mechanism of action on foodborne pathogens. | foodborne pathogens, including plesiomonas shigelloides and shigella flexneri b, are the major cause of diarrheal endemics worldwide. antibiotic drug resistance is increasing. therefore, bioactive compounds with antibacterial activity, such as gallic acid (ga), are needed. gold nanoparticles (aunps) are used as drug delivery agents. this study aimed to conjugate and characterize aunp-ga and to evaluate the antibacterial activity. aunp was conjugated with ga, and the core-shell structures were ch ... | 2016 | 27555764 |
| metal-based ethanolamine-derived compounds: a note on their synthesis, characterization and bioactivity. | metal-based ethanolamines, (l(1))-(l(4)) coordinated with co(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii) and zn(ii) metals in 1:2 (metal:ligand) molar ratio to produce new compounds have been reported. these compounds were screened for their bactericidal/fungicidal activity against a number of bacterial (escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis) and fungal strains (trichophyton longifusus, candida albicans, aspergillus flavus, microsporum ... | 2016 | 27557038 |
| shigella flexneri suppresses nf-κb activation by inhibiting linear ubiquitin chain ligation. | the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (lubac) is a multimeric e3 ligase that catalyses m1 or linear ubiquitination of activated immune receptor signalling complexes (rscs). mutations that disrupt linear ubiquitin assembly lead to complex disease pathologies including immunodeficiency and autoinflammation in both humans and mice, but microbial toxins that target lubac function have not yet been discovered. here, we report the identification of two homologous shigella flexneri type iii secre ... | 2016 | 27572974 |
| a review on sero diversity and antimicrobial resistance patterns of shigella species in africa, asia and south america, 2001-2014. | shigella, gram negative bacterium, is responsible for shigellosis/bacillary dysentery. it is a global concern although it predominates in developing countries. these are shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri, shigella boydii and shigella sonnei. drug resistance by shigella species is another headache of the world. therefore; this study aimed to review distribution of shigella serogroups and their antimicrobial patterns carried out in africa, asia and south america. | 2016 | 27576729 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a candidate bioconjugate vaccine against shigella flexneri 2a administered to healthy adults: a single-blind, randomized phase i study. | several candidate vaccines against shigella spp. are in development, but the lack of a clear correlate of protection from challenge with the induction of adequate immune responses among the youngest age groups in the developing world has hampered shigella vaccine development over the past several decades. bioconjugation technology, exploited here for an shigella flexneri 2a candidate vaccine, offers a novel and potentially cost-effective way to develop and produce vaccines against a major pathog ... | 2016 | 27581434 |
| combining shigella tn-seq data with gold-standard e. coli gene deletion data suggests rare transitions between essential and non-essential gene functionality. | gene essentiality - whether or not a gene is necessary for cell growth - is a fundamental component of gene function. it is not well established how quickly gene essentiality can change, as few studies have compared empirical measures of essentiality between closely related organisms. | 2016 | 27599549 |
| development of a sandwich elisa for ehec o157:h7 intimin γ1. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 is a zoonotic pathogen of worldwide importance that causes foodborne infections in humans. intimin gamma 1 (intimin γ1) is one of the most important outer membrane proteins required for ehec's intimate adhesion to epithelial cells. here, we generated a polyclonal antibody (pab) and a monoclonal antibody (mab) against intimin γ1 to develop a double antibody sandwich elisa (das-elisa) with increased sensitivity and specificity for measuring ehec o1 ... | 2016 | 27603508 |
| novel mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyra, gyrb, parc and pare in shigella flexneri clinical isolates from eastern chinese populations between 2001 and 2011. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance and mechanisms of selected fluoroquinolone resistance in shigella flexneri isolates. a total of 624 s. flexneri strains isolated between 2001 and 2011 in jiangsu province of china were analysed for their fluoroquinolone susceptibility. the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyra, gyrb, parc and pare were amplified and sequenced. in general, 90.5 % of s. flexneri exhibited resistance to nalidixic acid. the ... | 2016 | 27620866 |
| intestinal organoids as a novel tool to study microbes-epithelium interactions. | the gut, particularly the colon, is the host of approximately 1000 bacterial species, the so-called gut microbiota. the relationship between the gut microbiota and the host is symbiotic and mutualistic, influencing many aspects of the biology of the host. this homeostatic balance can be disrupted by enteric pathogens, such as shigella flexneri or listeria monocytogenes, which are able to invade the epithelial layer and consequently subvert physiological functions. to study the host-microbe inter ... | 2016 | 27628134 |
| mitochondria promote septin assembly into cages that entrap shigella for autophagy. | septins are cytoskeletal proteins implicated in cytokinesis and host-pathogen interactions. during macroautophagy/autophagy of shigella flexneri, septins assemble into cage-like structures to entrap actin-polymerizing bacteria and restrict their dissemination. how septins assemble to entrap bacteria is not fully known. we discovered that mitochondria support septin cage assembly to promote autophagy of shigella. consistent with roles for the cytoskeleton in mitochondrial dynamics, we showed that ... | 2016 | 27629779 |
| antibacterial activity of polyphenolic fraction of kombucha against enteric bacterial pathogens. | the emergence of multi-drug-resistant enteric pathogens has prompted the scientist community to explore the therapeutic potentials of traditional foods and beverages. the present study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of kombucha, a fermented beverage of sugared black tea, against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, shigella flexneri and salmonella typhimurium followed by the identification of the antibacterial components present in kombucha. the antibacterial activity w ... | 2016 | 27638313 |
| phenolic compounds and in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of three tropic fruits: persimmon, guava, and sweetsop. | in our previous study, we have found that persimmon, guava, and sweetsop owned considerably high antioxidant activity and contained high total phenolic contents as well. in order to further supply information on the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of these three tropic fruits, they were extracted by 80% methanol. we then examined the extractions about their phenolic compounds and also studied the extractions and phenolic contents about their minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and mini ... | 2016 | 27648444 |
| the outer membrane phospholipase a is essential for membrane integrity and type iii secretion in shigella flexneri. | outer membrane phospholipase a (ompla) is an enzyme located in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. ompla exhibits broad substrate specificity, and some of its substrates are located in the cellular envelope. generally, the enzymatic activity can only be induced by perturbation of the cell envelope integrity through diverse methods. although ompla has been thoroughly studied as a membrane protein in escherichia coli and is constitutively expressed in many other bacterial pathogens, litt ... | 2016 | 27655730 |
| the synthesis of ospd3 (shet2) in shigella flexneri is independent of ospc1. | shigella flexneri is a gram-negative pathogen that invades the colonic epithelium and causes millions of cases of watery diarrhea or bacillary dysentery predominately in children under the age of 5 years in developing countries. the effector shigella enterotoxin 2 (shet2), or ospd3, is encoded by the sen or ospd3 gene on the virulence plasmid. previous literature has suggested that ospd3 is in an operon downstream of the ospc1 gene, and expression of both genes is controlled by a promoter upstre ... | 2016 | 27657187 |
| shigellosis murine model established by intraperitoneal and intranasal route of administration: a comparative comprehension overview. | shigellosis, a major cause of mortality and morbidity, requires development of effective intervention strategy for which animal model mimicking human pathology is essential. among various animal models for shigellosis, mice being more convenient have been used wherein intraperitoneal and intranasal routes are preferred. with the aim to comprehend the comparative pathophysiological indicators, we have examined relatively high and low dose of shigella flexneri administered through intraperitoneal ... | 2017 | 27664045 |
| proteomic analysis of shigella virulence effectors secreted under different conditions. | there are a series of novel effector molecules secreted by the type three secretion system (t3ss) of shigella spp. reported in recent years. in this study, a proteomic approach is applied to study t3ss effectors systematically. first, proteins secreted by the s. flexneri wild-type strain after congo red (cr) induction are separated and identified using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) to display the relative abundance of all kinds of early effectors for the first time. then, a gene deletio ... | 2016 | 27666981 |
| the architecture of the cytoplasmic region of type iii secretion systems. | type iii secretion systems (t3sss) are essential devices in the virulence of many gram-negative bacterial pathogens. they mediate injection of protein effectors of virulence from bacteria into eukaryotic host cells to manipulate them during infection. t3sss involved in virulence (vt3sss) are evolutionarily related to bacterial flagellar protein export apparatuses (ft3sss), which are essential for flagellar assembly and cell motility. the structure of the external and transmembrane parts of both ... | 2016 | 27686865 |
| multicenter evaluation of molecular and culture-dependent diagnostics for shigella species and entero-invasive escherichia coli in the netherlands. | an inter-laboratory collaborative trial for the evaluation of diagnostics for detection and identification of shigella species and entero-invasive escherichia coli (eiec) was performed. sixteen medical microbiological laboratories (mmls) participated. mmls were interviewed about their diagnostic methods and a sample panel, consisting of dna-extracts and spiked stool samples with different concentrations of shigella flexneri, was provided to each mml. the results of the trial showed an enormous v ... | 2016 | 27693908 |
| toxicity mechanism of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles against food pathogens. | food preservation is an important field of research. it extends the shelf life of major food products. our current study is based on food preservation through tio2 and zno nanoparticles. tio2 and zno are biocompatible nanomaterial. the biocompatibility of the materials were established through toxicity studies on cell lines. titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticle were synthesized by wet chemical process. they are characterized by x-ray diffraction and tem. the antibacterial activities of b ... | 2016 | 27694049 |
| the comparing of antimicrobial activity of csn1s2 protein of fresh milk and yoghurt goat breed ethawah inhibited the pathogenic bacteria. | goat milk is reported to have antimicrobial activity of several pathogen bacteria that contained on food materials. the research related with antimicrobial activity of alpha-s2 casein from goat milk is relatively less than other casein components. herein, we reported the antimicrobial activity of caprine alpha-s2 casein (csn1s2) protein from ethawah breed goat milk and yoghurt in gram positive (listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus) and negative pathogen bacteria (esc ... | 2016 | 27698594 |
| shigella vaccine development: finding the path of least resistance. | shigella spp. represent the second most common etiologic pathogen causing childhood diarrhea in developing countries. there are no licensed shigella vaccines, and progress for such vaccines has been limited. in this issue of clinical and vaccine immunology, riddle and colleagues (m. s. riddle, r. w. kaminski, c. di paolo, c. k. porter, r. l. gutierrez, et al., clin vaccine immunol 23:908-917, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00224-16) report results from a phase i study of a parenterally admi ... | 2016 | 27707764 |
| the development of methods for the detection of salmonella in chickens by a combination of immunomagnetic separation and pcrs. | micro- and nanoimmunomagnetic beads (mimbs and nimbs) used for immunomagnetic separation (ims) with pcr were studied for the rapid detection of salmonella. the capture efficiency of the two different imbs was evaluated by a conventional plate counting method, and the binding pattern was studied using scanning electron microscopy. the specificity of the imbs was tested with salmonella, shigella flexneri, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes. by comparing the pre- ... | 2016 | 27730684 |
| evaluation of antimicrobial resistance among salmonella and shigella isolates in the university hospital "st. george," plovdiv, bulgaria. | the aim of this work is to study the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of acute gastroenteritis caused by salmonella and shigella at the largest bulgarian hospital-university hospital "st. george," plovdiv-for the period 2009-2013. two hundred ninety strains were in vitro tested for resistance to 15 antimicrobial agents. the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) was demonstrated by a variety of specialized tests. for ... | 2017 | 27761725 |
| diverted recycling-shigella subversion of rabs. | small gtpases of the rab protein family control intracellular vesicular trafficking to allow their communication and maintenance. it is a common strategy for intracellular bacteria to exploit these pathways to shape their respective niches for survival. the subversion of rabs for the generation of an intracellular environment favoring the pathogen has been described almost exclusively for intracellular bacteria that reside within bacterial containing vacuoles (bcvs). however, less is known about ... | 2016 | 27763815 |
| [active etiological surveillance for foodborne diseases in guangdong province, 2013-2014]. | objective: to study the infection status, serotypes, drug resistance and molecular characteristics of salmonella, shigella, vibrio parahemolyticus, enterotoxigenic escherichia (e.) coli (etec), pathogenic e. coli (epec), shiga toxin producing e. coli (stec) and enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec) collected from diarrhea patients in guangdong. methods: the strains of salmonella, shigella, v. parahemolyticus and 4 kinds of e. coli isolated from foodborne diseases surveillance during 2013-2014 were colle ... | 2016 | 27765129 |
| antimicrobial metal-based thiophene derived compounds. | a novel series of thiophene derived schiff bases and their transition metal- [co(ii), cu(ii), zn(ii), ni(ii)] based compounds are reported. the schiff bases act as tridentate ligands toward metal ions via azomethine-n, deprotonated-n of ammine substituents and s-atom of thienyl moiety. the synthesized ligands along with their metal complexes were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against six bacterial pathogens (escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmon ... | 2017 | 27766891 |
| shigella flexneri with ciprofloxacin resistance and reduced azithromycin susceptibility, canada, 2015. | 2016 | 27767915 | |
| pathogenic lifestyles of e. coli pathotypes in a standardized epithelial cell model influence inflammatory signaling pathways and cytokines secretion. | inflammatory response is key for the host defense against diarrheagenic escherichia coli and contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease but there is not a comparative study among different diarrheagenic pathotypes. we analyzed the inflammatory response induced by five diarrheagenic pathotypes in a ht-29 cell infection model. the model was unified to reproduce the pathogenesis of each pathotype. to compare the inflammatory responses we evaluated: (i) nuclear nf-κb and erk1/2 translocation by ... | 2016 | 27774437 |
| a study of parasitic and bacterial pathogens associated with diarrhea in hiv-positive patients. | diarrhea is a common complication of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), occurring in almost 90% of aids patients in developing countries like india. the present study was aimed to determine the prevalence and microbiological profile of pathogens associated with diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive patients and their relation to cd4 counts. | 2016 | 27795876 |
| biological potency and characterization of antibacterial substances produced by lactobacillus pentosus isolated from hentak, a fermented fish product of north-east india. | lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from various foods are important due to their potential to inhibit microorganisms, including drug-resistant bacteria. the objectives of this investigation were to isolate and identify antibacterial substances producing lab from hentak, a traditional fermented fish product of manipur (north-east india), and to optimize the production of antagonistic substances present in cell free neutralized supernatant (cfns) against enteric bacterial pathogens using the 'one ... | 2016 | 27795886 |
| nmr assignments for the insertion domain of bacteriophage sf6 coat protein. | the p22 bacteriophage group is a subgroup of the λ phage supercluster, comprised of the three major sequence types sf6, p22, and cus-3, based on their capsid proteins. our goal is to investigate the extent to which structure-function relationships are conserved for the viral coat proteins and i-domains in this subgroup. sf6 is a phage that infects the human pathogen shigella flexneri. the coat protein of sf6 assembles into a procapsid, which further undergoes maturation during dna packaging into ... | 2017 | 27798771 |
| social buffering and contact transmission: network connections have beneficial and detrimental effects on shigella infection risk among captive rhesus macaques. | in social animals, group living may impact the risk of infectious disease acquisition in two ways. on the one hand, social connectedness puts individuals at greater risk or susceptibility for acquiring enteric pathogens via contact-mediated transmission. yet conversely, in strongly bonded societies like humans and some nonhuman primates, having close connections and strong social ties of support can also socially buffer individuals against susceptibility or transmissibility of infectious agents. ... | 2016 | 27812426 |
| shigellosis in nepal: 13 years review of nationwide surveillance. | shigella is a major cause of gastroenteritis especially in children. in developing countries, the incidence is frequent and results are often life threatening. changing epidemiology and emerging antibiotic resistance warrants continuous monitoring of susceptibility. the present study highlights the changing epidemiology and drug resistance patterns of shigella isolated at different hospitals of nepal over a period of 13 years (jan. 2003-dec. 2015). | 2016 | 27814742 |
| deletion of toxin-antitoxin systems in the evolution of shigella sonnei as a host-adapted pathogen. | pathogenic shigella spp. are the leading cause of bacterial dysentery, with shigella flexneri and shigella sonnei accounting for around 90% of cases worldwide. although s. flexneri causes most disease in low-income countries (following ingestion of contaminated food and/or water), s. sonnei predominates in wealthy countries and is mainly spread from person to person. although both species contain a large virulence plasmid, pinv, that is essential for the organism to cause disease, little is know ... | 2016 | 27819667 |
| of men not mice: bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein expressed in human macrophages acts as a phagocytic receptor and modulates entry and replication of gram-negative bacteria. | macrophages as immune cells prevent the spreading of pathogens by means of active phagocytosis and killing. we report here the presence of an antimicrobial protein, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (bpi) in human macrophages, which actively participates in engulfment and killing of gram-negative pathogens. our studies revealed increased expression of bpi in human macrophages during bacterial infection and upon stimulation with various pathogen-associated molecular patterns, viz., lps ... | 2016 | 27822215 |
| intrinsic jnk-mapk pathway involvement requires daf-16-mediated immune response during shigella flexneri infection in c. elegans. | the c-jun n-terminal kinase-mitogen-activated protein kinase (jnk-mapk) pathway assists in modulating signals for growth, survival, and metabolism, thereby coordinating many cellular events during normal and stress conditions. to understand the role of the jnk-mapk pathway during bacterial infection, an in vivo model organism caenorhabditis elegans was used. in order to check the involvement of the jnk-mapk pathway, the survival rate of c. elegans wild type (wt), and jnk-mapk pathway mutant worm ... | 2016 | 27838822 |
| decreased susceptibility to azithromycin among clinical shigella isolates from china. | the aim of this study was to detect the decreased susceptibility to azithromycin (dsa) and associated mechanisms in shigella from china. three hundred and ninety-two shigella isolates, including 134 shigella flexneri and 258 shigella sonnei isolates, were examined for minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) and zone sizes to azithromycin by broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods, respectively. the mics were compared with corresponding zone diameters to find whether there was uniformity ... | 2016 | 27841958 |
| antibacterial and cytotoxic cytochalasins from the endophytic fungus phomopsis sp. harbored in garcinia kola (heckel) nut. | the continuous emergence of multidrug-resistant (mdr) bacteria drastically reduced the efficacy of our antibiotic armory and consequently, increased the frequency of therapeutic failure. the search for bioactive constituents from endophytic fungi against mdr bacteria became a necessity for alternative and promising strategies, and for the development of novel therapeutic solutions. we report here the isolation and structure elucidation of antibacterial and cytotoxic compounds from phomopsis sp., ... | 2016 | 27842536 |
| label-free 3d ag nanoflower-based electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 pathogens. | it is highly desirable to develop a rapid and simple method to detect pathogens. combining nanomaterials with electrochemical techniques is an efficient way for pathogen detection. herein, a novel 3d ag nanoflower was prepared via a biomineralization method by using bovine serum albumin (bsa) as a template. it was adopted as a sensing interface to construct an electrochemical bacteria immunosensor for the rapid detection of foodborne pathogens escherichia coli (e. coli) o157:h7. bacterial antibo ... | 2016 | 27858378 |
| the changing epidemiology of bacillary dysentery and characteristics of antimicrobial resistance of shigella isolated in china from 2004-2014. | bacillary dysentery caused by bacteria of the genus shigella is a significant public health problem in developing countries such as china. the objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological pattern of bacillary dysentery, the diversity of the causative agent, and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of shigella spp. for the purpose of determining the most effective allocation of resources and prioritization of interventions. | 2016 | 27863468 |
| targeting and alteration of tight junctions by bacteria and their virulence factors such as clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | the integrity of tight junctions, which regulate paracellular permeability, is challenged by many bacterial pathogens. this is caused by inflammatory responses triggered by pathogens and direct interaction of bacteria or their toxins with host epithelial cells. in some cases, tight junction proteins represent receptors for cell surface proteins or toxins of the pathogen, such as clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe). cpe causes diarrhea and cramps-the symptoms of a common foodborne illness, ... | 2017 | 27864644 |
| shigella flexneri modulates stress granule composition and inhibits stress granule aggregation. | 2016 | 27870195 | |
| characteristics of volatile organic compounds produced from five pathogenic bacteria by headspace-solid phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | the characteristics of volatile compounds from five different bacterial species, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, shigella flexneri, staphylococcus aureus, and listeria monocytogenes, growing, respectively, in trypticase soy broth were monitored by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the results showed that most volatile organic compounds (vocs) of five pathogens started to increase after the sixth to tenth hour. methyl ketones and long c ... | 2017 | 27874211 |
| the shigella virulence factor icsa relieves n-wasp autoinhibition by displacing the verprolin homology/cofilin/acidic (vca) domain. | shigella flexneri is a bacterial pathogen that invades cells of the gastrointestinal tract, causing severe dysentery. shigella mediates intracellular motility and spreading via actin comet tail formation. this process is dependent on the surface-exposed, membrane-embedded virulence factor icsa, which recruits the host actin regulator n-wasp. although it is clear that shigella requires n-wasp for this process, the molecular details of this interaction and the mechanism of n-wasp activation remain ... | 2017 | 27881679 |
| injections of predatory bacteria work alongside host immune cells to treat shigella infection in zebrafish larvae. | bdellovibrio bacteriovorus are predatory bacteria that invade and kill a range of gram-negative bacterial pathogens in natural environments and in vitro [1, 2]. in this study, we investigated bdellovibrio as an injected, antibacterial treatment in vivo, using zebrafish (danio rerio) larvae infected with an antibiotic-resistant strain of the human pathogen shigella flexneri. when injected alone, bdellovibrio can persist for more than 24 hr in vivo yet exert no pathogenic effects on zebrafish larv ... | 2016 | 27889262 |
| h-ns, its family members and their regulation of virulence genes in shigella species. | the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (h-ns) has played a key role in shaping the evolution of shigella spp., and provides the backdrop to the regulatory cascade that controls virulence by silencing many genes found on the large virulence plasmid. h-ns and its paralogue stpa are present in all four shigella spp., but a second h-ns paralogue, sfh, is found in the shigella flexneri type strain 2457t, which is routinely used in studies of shigella pathogenesis. while stpa and sfh have been ... | 2016 | 27916940 |
| anticancer and antibacterial secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus penicillium sp. cam64 against multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria. | the emergence of multiple-drug resistance bacteria has become a major threat and thus calls for an urgent need to search for new effective and safe anti-bacterial agents. | 2016 | 27917206 |
| finding potential therapeutic targets against shigella flexneri through proteome exploration. | background:shigella flexneri is a gram negative bacteria that causes the infectious disease "shigellosis." s. flexneri is responsible for developing diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps in human. antibiotics are mostly given to patients infected with shigella. resistance to antibiotics can hinder its treatment significantly. upon identification of essential therapeutic targets, vaccine and drug could be effective therapy for the treatment of shigellosis. methods: the study was designed for the id ... | 2016 | 27920755 |
| functional and antigen-specific serum antibody levels as correlates of protection against shigellosis in a controlled human challenge study. | shigella is an important cause of diarrheal disease in young children living in developing countries. no approved vaccines are available, and the development of vaccine candidates has been hindered by the lack of firm immunological correlates of protection, among other reasons. to address this gap in knowledge, we established quantitative assays to measure shigella-specific serum bactericidal antibody (sba) and opsonophagocytic killing antibody (opka) activities and investigated their potential ... | 2017 | 27927680 |
| identification of escherichia coli and shigella species from whole-genome sequences. | escherichia coli and shigella species are closely related and genetically constitute the same species. differentiating between these two pathogens and accurately identifying the four species of shigella are therefore challenging. the organism-specific bioinformatics whole-genome sequencing (wgs) typing pipelines at public health england are dependent on the initial identification of the bacterial species by use of a kmer-based approach. of the 1,982 escherichia coli and shigella sp. isolates ana ... | 2017 | 27974538 |
| host cell nuclear localization of shigella flexneri effector ospf is facilitated by sumoylation. | when shigella infect host cells, various effecter molecules are delivered into the cytoplasm of the host cell through the type iii secretion system (ttss) to facilitate their invasion process and control the host immune responses. among these effectors, the s. flexneri effector ospf dephosphorylates mitogen-activated protein kinases and translocates itself to the nucleus, thus preventing histone h3 modification to regulate expression of proinflammatory cytokines. despite the critical role of osp ... | 2017 | 27994213 |
| a single and two step isomerization process for d-tagatose and l-ribose bioproduction using l-arabinose isomerase and d-lyxose isomerase. | l-ribose and d-tagatose are biochemically synthesized using sugar isomerases. the l-arabinose isomerase gene from shigella flexneri (sf-ai) was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli bl-21. sf-ai was applied for the bioproduction of d-tagatose from d-galactose. l-ribose synthesis was performed by two step isomerization using sf-ai and d-lyxose/ribose isomerase from cohnella laevoribosii. the overall 22.3% and 25% conversion rate were observed for d-tagatose and l-ribose production from d-galac ... | 2017 | 28010770 |