Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| immunogenicity of oral poliomyelitis vaccine (opv) against variants of wild poliovirus type 3. | serological investigations of three groups of children from the german democratic republic (gdr) and from czechoslovakia who had different immunization histories against poliomyelitis indicated that the immunity induced by oral poliovaccine (opv) is effective against both the wild poliovirus saukett strain and a new wild variant of poliovirus type 3 that was isolated during an outbreak of poliomyelitis in finland in 1984. there is therefore no obvious risk that individuals in the gdr or czechosl ... | 1990 | 1963118 |
| poliovirus-mediated entry of pokeweed antiviral protein. | infection of hela cells with poliovirus results in cell permeabilization to pokeweed antiviral protein. cell permeabilization was dependent on the integrity of virus capsid proteins and directly proportional to the multiplicity of infection. this study demonstrates that virus adsorption is sufficient for the entry of pokeweed antiviral protein into poliovirus-infected cells. | 1990 | 1963293 |
| experimental ionization cross-sections of phosphorus and calcium by electron spectroscopic imaging. | the absolute partial electron scattering cross-section for the phosphorus l2,3-shell ionization was measured by electron spectroscopic imaging using poliovirus as a primary standard. the equivalent calcium cross-section was obtained in relation to phosphorus using the stoichiometric ratio for these two elements in hydroxyapatite, ca10(po4)6(oh)2. at 80 kev, the partial cross-section of phosphorus was 2.26 x 10(-20) and 2.68 x 10(-20) cm2/atom for poliovirus and hydroxyapatite, respectively, at 1 ... | 1990 | 1963450 |
| inhibitory effect of a new antibiotic, guanine 7-n-oxide, on the replication of several rna viruses. | guanine 7-n-oxide (g-7-ox) was examined for its antiviral activity against 9 viruses based on plaque reduction, neuraminidase activity reduction, a fluorescent antibody technique or elisa. the following viruses were included in the tests: influenza, sendai, simian virus 5 (sv5), respiratory syncytial, western equine encephalitis, japanese encephalitis, vesicular stomatitis, rabies and polio. g-7-ox showed broad anti-rna viral activity against all viruses tested, except for poliovirus. inhibition ... | 1990 | 1964374 |
| [levels of type 1 polioviruses in food in an experimental model]. | the author concentrated from contamined foodstuffs poliovirus type 1--vaccine strain--by means of negative pressure or overpressure filtration across membranes with a different porosity and by means of an ultracentrifuge. foods - milk, meat, meat products and vegetables were contaminated by the virus so that various doses corresponded approximately to 1.2 or 4 pfu per gram of specimen. the virus in concentrates was detected on cell cultures on the vero line by the plaque method. the virus extrac ... | 1990 | 1964630 |
| in situ hybridization for light and electron microscopy: a comparison of methods for the localization of viral rna using biotinylated dna and rna probes. | we report procedures for in situ hybridization at the light and electron microscopic level for localization of viral rna in poliovirus-infected, lowicryl-embedded cells. we compare specificity and signal intensity of biotinylated, double-stranded dna and single-stranded, strand-specific rna probes, both corresponding to the same region of the poliovirus genome. the hybrids were detected with antibiotin antibodies or streptavidin with colloidal gold as a marker. hybridization with the rna probe w ... | 1990 | 1964937 |
| inhibitory effects of 3-imino-5-phenyl-3h-1,2-dithiole on poliovirus type 1 replication in vitro. | the effect of 3-imino-5-phenyl-3h-1,2-dithiole (pdti) on different steps of the replicative cycle of poliovirus type 1 in hep-2 cells was studied. this compound inhibited the replication of poliovirus type 1 as shown by cytopathic effect and virus yield reduction. this inhibitory action was not due to a virucidal effect, nor did the cells to have been pretreated. under one-step growth conditions 3-imino-5-phenyl-3h-1,2-dithiole caused the greatest inhibition if added within 1 h after poliovirus ... | 1990 | 1965112 |
| functional aspects of the capsid structure of mengo virus. | the three-dimensional structure of the mengo virus capsid has been determined at a resolution of 3.0 a. this achievement is discussed in an historical context, and the general features of picornavirus capsid design are presented. the dynamic functional aspects of the mengo virus capsid--namely its ability to interact with specific receptors on host cells, to dissociate and release the viral genomic rna into the cellular cytoplasm, to assemble with progeny rna molecules and form new virions, and ... | 1990 | 1965133 |
| a comparative seroepidemiologic study of the neutralizing antibody against the virulent standard strains and the sabin vaccine strains of poliovirus among healthy japanese. | the neutralizing antibody of 160 serum specimens collected in 1978 from healthy residents in five prefectures in japan was titrated against both the virulent standard strains and the sabin vaccine strains of three types of poliovirus. antibody-positive rates with both strains of respective types at a level of 1:4 were comparable in all three types of poliovirus. however, the geometric mean titers (gmts) obtained against both strains showed statistically significant difference depending on the ag ... | 1990 | 1965511 |
| notes on the pathogenesis of enterovirus infections. observations, experiments, and speculations. | despite extensive investigations over the last decades, several aspects of the pathogenesis of enterovirus infections in humans and animals are only poorly understood, such as the molecular basis of virulence (in particular of neurovirulence), tissue tropisms (e.g. the precise site of initial virus replication in the human intestinal tract), and precipitating factors of paralytic disease ("disposition"). studies on poliovirus myocarditis in man are reviewed. unequivocal evidence on replication o ... | 1990 | 1965548 |
| seroepidemiological evidence of widespread enteroviral infection in anambra state, nigeria. | serum samples from 339 apparently healthy subjects, 298 adult blood donors and 41 infants aged 21 months and below, were screened for neutralising activity against poliovirus 1 and coxsackieviruses a7 and b4. among the adult serum samples 85% showed high activity (greater than or equal to 320) against poliovirus 1 while frequencies of similar activities were 65% and 64% for coxsackieviruses a7 and b4 respectively. about 60% showed multiple activity against all three viruses; 15% against both cox ... | 1990 | 1966236 |
| [microbiological and chemical analyses of indoor swimming pools and virucidal effect of chlorine in these waters]. | virological and bacteriological examinations and chemical analysis were made of 24 water samples from 6 public indoor swimming pools in aichi prefecture. in 3 of these swimming pools, sodium hypochlorite was used as a disinfectant and in the remainder trichloroisocyanurates. all samples were negative for adenovirus per 20 liters. coliform group was detected in one sample with 26.7 mg/l cyanuric acid. total plate counts ranged from 0 to 1 per ml in the swimming pools treated with sodium hypochlor ... | 1990 | 1966736 |
| translation of poliovirus mrna. | ribosome binding to cellular eukaryotic mrnas is proposed to occur by initial attachment at or near the mrna 5' cap structure (m7 gppn, where n is any nucleotide) followed by scanning till the appropriate initiator aug is encountered. a pivotal aspect of this model is the obligatory entry of the ribosomes at the 5' end of the mrna (regardless if it contains a cap structure). recent experiments, however, demonstrated that ribosomes can access certain mrnas by internal binding to the 5'-untranslat ... | 1990 | 1966842 |
| synthesis of 1-substitutes-5(6)-nitrobenzimidazoles as potential antiviral compounds. | the synthesis of 1-substituted, acyclic nucleoside derivatives of 5(6)-nitrobenzimidazoles and their pharmacological evaluation as antiviral compounds is described. the compounds were synthesized using 5(6)-benzimidazole as starting material with the appropriate chloromethylated substituted alcohols to obtain analogues of the known antiviral compounds, acyclovir and ganciclovir. the antiviral activity of these compounds was evaluated using strains of herpes simplex 1 and poliovirus 1 and were fo ... | 1990 | 1966927 |
| impairment of in vitro immune responses occurs within 3 months after hiv-1 seroconversion. | in a previous study we have shown that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from asymptomatic hiv-seropositive male homosexuals, who had seroconverted more than 2 years before, were unable to mount a secondary immune response in vitro to certain viral and bacterial antigens. we have extended this study by investigating the secondary immune responses of five male homosexuals, who, by regular screening, were found to have seroconverted for hiv-1 during the preceding 3 months and were subseque ... | 1990 | 1969282 |
| spontaneous abortions following oral poliovirus vaccination in first trimester. | 1990 | 1969549 | |
| poliomyelitis outbreak in israel in 1988: a report with two commentaries. | an outbreak of 15 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis caused by type 1 poliovirus between july and october, 1988, prompted mass vaccination of the whole israeli population under the age of 40 years. the focus of the outbreak (12 cases) was the hadera subdistrict, one of two subdistricts where enhanced inactivated poliovaccine (eipv) had been the only poliovaccine used for infants since 1982. 9 of the 15 victims were 15 years or older, and 9 had previously been immunised with at least three doses of ... | 1990 | 1971043 |
| poliovirus vaccination responses in hiv-infected patients: correlation with t4 cell counts. | hiv infection is known to impair both cellular and humoral immunity. the antibody levels to poliovirus were measured in 17 hiv-infected and 3 hiv-seronegative homosexual men before and after vaccination with enhanced inactivated poliovirus vaccine (eipv). the subjects were tested for neutralizing antibodies to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3; the number of peripheral blood t4 cells and lymphocyte responses after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin a, and pokeweed mitogen were measured ... | 1990 | 1972382 |
| virucidal activity of disinfectants: studies with the poliovirus. | the activity of various disinfectants against poliovirus (sabin 1 an) was assessed using surface and suspension tests. the surface test showed that 2% glutaraldehyde and high concentrations of hypochlorites (9200 ppm avcl2) were effective (i.e. greater than or equal to 4 log10 reduction) against a dried virus suspension in 1 min. diluted aldehydes ('sporicidin' and 'gigasept'), lower hypochlorite concentrations (1000 ppm avcl2) and peroxides (3%) were less effective while 70% ethanol showed vari ... | 1990 | 1972949 |
| evidence for a group-specific enteroviral antigen(s) recognized by human t cells. | human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 15 normal, healthy adult volunteers proliferated in vitro against a panel of enteroviral antigens, including coxsackievirus b3, coxsackievirus b2, coxsackievirus b6, coxsackievirus a16, and poliovirus 1. no proliferation against the cardiovirus encephalomyocarditis virus occurred. lymphocytes obtained from cord blood drawn from seven neonates were uniformly nonresponsive to enteroviral antigens. although serum neutralization antibody titers indicated ... | 1990 | 1975596 |
| inhibition of hiv replication by pokeweed antiviral protein targeted to cd4+ cells by monoclonal antibodies. | functional impairment and selective depletion of cd4+ t cells, the hallmark of aids, are at least partly caused by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) type 1 binding to the cd4 molecule and infecting cd4+ cells. it may, therefore, be of therapeutic value to target an antiviral agent to cd4+ cells to prevent infection and to inhibit hiv-1 production in patients' cd4+ cells which contain proviral dna. we report here that hiv-1 replication in normal primary cd4+ t cells can be inhibited by pokewee ... | 1990 | 1975641 |
| the p220 component of eukaryotic initiation factor 4f is a substrate for multiple calcium-dependent enzymes. | eukaryotic initiation factor 4f (eif-4f) is a multisubunit protein that functions in the first step of the binding of capped mrnas to the small ribosomal subunit. its largest polypeptide component, p220, is cleaved following poliovirus infection. this is thought to inactivate eif-4f function, thereby preventing cap-dependent initiation of translation of cellular mrnas. in this report, we show that p220 in extracts of uninfected hela cells is specifically lost in the presence of calcium. the resp ... | 1990 | 1980214 |
| mammalian reoviruses contain a myristoylated structural protein. | the structural protein mu 1 of mammalian reoviruses was noted to have a potential n-myristoylation sequence at the amino terminus of its deduced amino acid sequence. virions labeled with [3h]myristic acid were used to demonstrate that mu 1 is modified by an amide-linked myristoyl group. a myristoylated peptide having a relative molecular weight (mr) of approximately 4,000 was also shown to be a structural component of virions and was concluded to represent the 4.2-kda amino-terminal fragment of ... | 1991 | 2002551 |
| [poliomyelitis in landsteiner's time and today]. | at a meeting of the royal and imperial association of physicians in vienna on december 18, 1908 dr. karl landsteiner reported on the successful experimental transmission of poliomyelitis from man to ape in a study which he undertook together with erwin popper. in a scientific article that was published shortly after the meeting, landsteiner wrote that "the poliomyelitis virus belongs to the group of filterable micro-organisms". soon, landsteiner's results were confirmed by other colleagues. duri ... | 1991 | 2031349 |
| eradication of poliomyelitis: progress in the americas. | in the span of 5 years since the eradication initiative was launched and only 3 years since external funds were made available, paho has been able to develop and implement a comprehensive program strategy for polio eradication that includes the following components: achievement and maintenance of high immunization levels (which include the supplemental strategies of national immunization days and mop-up operations); effective surveillance to detect all new cases; and a rapid response to the occu ... | 1991 | 2041671 |
| evaluation of poliovirus-related cases occurring in canada in 1989. | 1991 | 2060033 | |
| analysis of historical epidemiological data to guide intervention policy in the face of an infectious disease outbreak: poliomyelitis in israel in 1988. | during the 1988 outbreak of 15 cases of type 1 poliomyelitis mainly among previously vaccinated young adults in israel, there were conflicting views on the need for and timing of mass vaccination. since there was a possibility that the initially localized outbreak may spread more widely, it was felt that an early decision on vaccination policy should be made. public health officials were faced with varied interpretations of the existing data on the extent of the immune status of the population; ... | 1991 | 2066236 |
| production of poliovirus vaccines: past, present, and future. | 1990 | 2076176 | |
| nucleotide sequence of a region of the feline calicivirus genome which encodes picornavirus-like rna-dependent rna polymerase, cysteine protease and 2c polypeptides. | a region of the feline calicivirus (fcv) genome was sequenced which encodes polypeptides that are similar by amino acid alignment analysis to several picornavirus polypeptides. these polypeptides include the 2c polypeptide, the 3c cysteine protease and the 3d rna-dependent rna polymerase. the 2c-like region of the fcv genome encodes a gxxgxgkt nucleotide binding motif as well as amino acids which have been shown to be conserved in the picornavirus 2c polypeptides. the fcv rna-dependent rna polym ... | 1990 | 2077782 |
| [evaluation of the prevalence of the main enteropathogenic agents in the west imerina region: manarintsoa]. | for a 288 children's population aged from 5 to 14 years old and being school attendents in the village of manarintsoa, we have systematically investigated 60% of them in may 1988 and january 1989. bacterial, parasitical and viral study of these stools showed off an important number of a. dispar and e. coli strains which have special phenotypes characters. the prevalence of campylobacter and ascaris lumbricoïdes is higher in this rural zone than in tananarive. two poliovirus of type 2 have been i ... | 1990 | 2078083 |
| antibody responses to parenteral and oral vaccines are impaired by conventional and low protein formulas as compared to breast-feeding. | the vaccine response to poliovirus, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids in relation to protein intake was studied in infants, either breast-fed or given low (1.1 g/100 ml) or conventional (1.5 g/100 ml) protein formula. serum, saliva and faeces antibodies were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. neutralizing poliovirus antibodies were determined. the serum, saliva and faeces antibody responses in the two formula-fed groups of infants did not differ significantly, but for the low protei ... | 1990 | 2085099 |
| safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of concurrent administration of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (meningococcal protein conjugate) with either measles-mumps-rubella vaccine or diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and oral poliovirus vaccines in 14- to 23-month-old infants. | in 1985, the first capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitol-phosphate [prp]) vaccine for haemophilus influenzae type b was licensed and recommended for routine use in children between 24 and 60 months of age. in the united states, approximately 75% to 90% of invasive disease due to h influenzae type b occurs in infants younger than 24 months, a population for whom h influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine is inadequately immunogenic and protective. in an effort to enhance the immunogenicity ... | 1990 | 2107519 |
| good seroresponse to enhanced-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine in patients on chronic dialysis. | the outbreak of paralytic poliomyelitis in finland in 1984 was halted by nationwide oral poliovirus vaccination campaign. immunocompromised patients, including those with chronic uraemia and on continuous dialysis, were excluded from the oral vaccination group and instead were given a dose of the new enhanced-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine before the campaign. we studied the antibody response to this vaccine in 49 patients on chronic dialysis, using conventional antigen of all three sero ... | 1990 | 2115627 |
| immunization practices in children. | the resurgence of measles has highlighted concerns about u.s. programs for immunization in infants and children. in order to put the problems into perspective, this review will address such issues as the safety of pertussis vaccines; oral vs inactivated poliovirus vaccine; vaccines for measles-mumps-rubella, hemophilus influenzae type b, and hepatitis b; and varicella vaccine. | 1990 | 2118922 |
| review of poliomyelitis in bombay (1982-1989): observations on the improved immunisation coverage. | in bombay, the immunization coverage with 3 doses of oral polio vaccine in children below 2 years of age has reached 80%. as a result, the high incidence of over 11/100,000 population prevailing in the 6 year period (1982-1987) has declined to around 6 in 1988 and 1989. the decline was observed both in the slum and in the "non-slum" population. the incidence in the slum population has reduced from over 22/100,000 population to around 11. in the morbidity, a subtle "age shift" to older children w ... | 2004 | 2133572 |
| translational regulation of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein mrna. | translation of the mrna encoding the immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein (bip) is enhanced in poliovirus-infected cells at a time when translation of host cell mrnas is inhibited. to test whether the mrna of bip is translated by internal ribosome binding, like picornaviral rnas, we constructed plasmids for the expression of dicistronic hybrid rnas containing the 5' noncoding region (5'ncr) of bip as an intercistronic spacer element between two cistrons. expression of these dicistronic mrn ... | 1990 | 2133656 |
| poliovirus type 1 enters the human host through intestinal m cells. | it was demonstrated by electron microscopy that after in vitro incubation of human peyer's patches with poliovirus type 1, either sabin or mahoney strain, poliovirus particles adhere specifically to and are endocytosed by intestinal epithelial m cells. these findings suggest that m cells in humans are the site of poliovirus penetration of the intestinal epithelial barrier. | 1990 | 2152776 |
| conditional poliovirus mutants made by random deletion mutagenesis of infectious cdna. | small deletions were introduced into dna plasmids bearing cdna copies of mahoney type 1 poliovirus rna. the procedure used was similar to that of p. hearing and t. shenk (j. mol. biol. 167:809-822, 1983), with modifications designed to introduce only one lesion randomly into each dna molecule. methods to map small deletions in either large dna or rna molecules were employed. two poliovirus mutants, vp1-101 and vp1-102, were selected from mutagenized populations on the basis of their host range p ... | 1990 | 2152811 |
| mutations in vp1 of poliovirus specifically affect both encapsidation and release of viral rna. | the phenotypic defects of two type 1 mahoney poliovirus mutants, termed vp1-101 and vp1-102, were caused by two different small deletions in the region of the rna genome encoding the amino terminus of the capsid protein vp1. this portion of vp1 was unresolved in the three-dimensional structure of the poliovirion, buried within the virion, and likely to interact with the viral rna. both vp1-101 and vp1-102 showed a diminished ability to enter cv1 but not hela cells; both mutants formed plaques on ... | 1990 | 2152812 |
| poliovirus permissivity and specific receptor expression on human endothelial cells. | to test the role of the endothelial cells (ec) in the poliomyelitis pathogenesis, their sensitivity to poliovirus infection was determined at different times after isolation from the human umbilical vein. while 80% of ec were permissive for poliovirus after 4 days of in vitro primary cultures, only 6% of freshly isolated ec were susceptible to poliovirus infection. a progressive development of this susceptibility was observed during the first 3 days of culture. in an attempt to explain the mecha ... | 1990 | 2152997 |
| use of high-performance size-exclusion chromatography for the separation of poliovirus and subviral particles. | the size-dependent separation of viral and subviral particles in the range 10(5)-10(7) daltons was undertaken by high-performance liquid chromatography. a combination of ultrahydrogel 2000 and 1000 size-exclusion columns, equilibrated and developed with tris buffer (ph 7.4), was used to fractionate extracts of cells infected with radiolabelled poliovirus. poliovirions (30 nm) and subviral particles (20 nm) were separated according to size with full retention to their biological activities. proca ... | 1990 | 2153149 |
| substitutions in the protease (3cpro) gene of poliovirus can suppress a mutation in the 5' noncoding region. | the poliovirus mutant 5nc-11 has a 4-base insertion at position 70 within the 5' untranslated region and is deficient in rna synthesis. revertants from 5nc-11 were isolated, showing a partial recovery of wild-type levels of rna synthesis. the 5' noncoding region of those revertants contained the mutation intact; mix-and-match experiments with the cdna from these revertants revealed that a restricted region within the 3c gene was the site of the suppressing mutations in the revertants. the suppre ... | 1990 | 2153227 |
| very high frequency of reversion to guanidine resistance in clonal pools of guanidine-dependent type 1 poliovirus. | we have carefully examined the frequency of guanidine-resistant revertants in six different clonal pools of guanidine-dependent mutants of type 1 poliovirus. the mutation frequency was (6.5 +/- 6.3) x 10(-4) (with all amino acid substitutions occurring at position 227). the minimal corrected base substitution frequency per single nucleotide site in the codon for amino acid 227 was (2.1 +/- 1.9) x 10(-4). | 1990 | 2153232 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus protease 3c induces specific proteolytic cleavage of host cell histone h3. | in foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv)-infected cells, the disappearance of nuclear protein histone h3 and the simultaneous appearance of a new chromatin-associated protein termed pi can be observed (p. r. grigera and s. g. tisminetzky, virology 136:10-19, 1984). we sequenced the amino terminus of protein pi and showed that pi derives from histone h3 by proteolytic cleavage. the 20 n-terminal amino acid residues of histone h3 are specifically cleaved off early during infection. truncated histone ... | 1990 | 2153239 |
| cystatin c, a human proteinase inhibitor, blocks replication of herpes simplex virus. | cystatin c is a human cysteine proteinase inhibitor present in extracellular fluids. cystatin c and a tripeptide derivative (z-lvg-chn2) that mimics its proteinase-binding center, were tested for possible antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv) and poliovirus type 1. both recombinant cystatin c and z-lvg-chn2 displayed strong inhibitory effects on hsv replication, whereas no significant effect on poliovirus replication was seen. the molar concentration of cystatin c that gav ... | 1990 | 2153254 |
| localization of genomic regions specific for the attenuated, mouse-adapted poliovirus type 2 strain w-2. | in order to begin to elucidate the genomic basis of the attenuation of mouse-adapted, poliovirus type 2 strain w-2 (pv2/w-2), we have cloned and sequenced the virus and compared it with the virulent, mouse-adapted pv2/lansing strain. in addition, we have performed computer-generated comparisons of pv2/w-2 to the non-mouse-adapted, attenuated pv2/sabin strain to determine whether mutational patterns occur that result in attenuation. the pv2/w-2 genome is 7434 nucleotides in length, which is three ... | 1990 | 2154539 |
| antibodies to polioviruses in an israeli population and overseas volunteers. | a seroepidemiological survey of prevalence of antibodies to poliovirus types 1-3 was carried out in 1,800 residents of 30 agricultural settlements (kibbutzim) in israel during 1980 and 1981. the survey showed that in 1980 84%, 90%, and 79% of the kibbutz residents exhibited antibodies to poliovirus types 1-3, respectively. in 1981 the figures were 81%, 91%, and 73%. significantly lower levels of antibodies for poliovirus type 3 in 1980/1981, and for poliovirus type 1 in 1981, were noticed in the ... | 1990 | 2154545 |
| an intragenic revertant of a poliovirus 2c mutant has an uncoating defect. | a revertant was isolated from a temperature-sensitive poliovirus 2c mutant, 2c-31, which is defective in viral rna synthesis. this revertant, called 2c-31r1, grew well at 39 degrees c and was not defective in rna synthesis. however, in contrast to its parental mutant, 2c-31r1 was cold sensitive and could hardly grow at all at 32 degrees c. analysis of a single-cycle growth revealed that 2c-31r1 was defective in virion uncoating at 32 degrees c, and a substantial amount (more than 30%) of input v ... | 1990 | 2154595 |
| structural organization of poliovirus rna replication is mediated by viral proteins of the p2 genomic region. | transcriptionally active replication complexes bound to smooth membrane vesicles were isolated from poliovirus-infected cells. in electron microscopic, negatively stained preparations, the replication complex appeared as an irregularly shaped, oblong structure attached to several virus-induced vesicles of a rosettelike arrangement. electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of such preparations demonstrated that the poliovirus replication complex contains the proteins coded by the p2 genomic regio ... | 1990 | 2154600 |
| an antigen chimera of poliovirus induces antibodies against human papillomavirus type 16. | it has been established that the surface of poliovirus type 1 can be extensively modified to incorporate antigenic domains from other poliovirus serotypes and from unrelated viruses. the fact that the modified (chimeric) viruses exhibit dual antigenicity and immunogenicity led us to explore the possibility of using the sabin vaccine strain of poliovirus type 1 as a vector for the presentation of antigenic domains from human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16), a virus associated with the development ... | 1990 | 2154604 |
| limited expression of poliovirus by vaccinia virus recombinants due to inhibition of the vector by proteinase 2a. | a recombinant vaccinia virus was constructed that expressed poliovirus coat precursor protein p1 fused to about two-thirds of the 2a proteinase. the truncated 2a segment could be cleaved away from the p1 region by coinfecting with poliovirus type 1, 2, or 3 or with human rhinovirus 14 but not with encephalomyocarditis virus. further cleavage of the vector-derived p1 to yield mature poliovirus capsid proteins was not observed. attempts to isolate vaccinia virus recombinants containing portions of ... | 1990 | 2154618 |
| a genetic locus in mutant poliovirus genomes involved in overproduction of rna polymerase and 3c proteinase. | a mutagenic oligonucleotide cassette was used to introduce single and tandem amino acid substitutions into the proteinase 3c coding region of an infectious poliovirus type 1 cdna. the sites targeted for mutagenesis, residues 60, 61, and 66, are located within a putative helical loop structure which may be involved in substrate recognition by the enzyme. fourteen viable 3c proteinase mutants were isolated. a lys----arg substitution at position 60 resulted in cold sensitivity for growth at 33 degr ... | 1990 | 2154885 |
| identification of rhinoviruses by cdna probes. | we have used nucleic acid hybridization for the detection and grouping of human rhinoviruses (hrv) according to their genetic relationships. fifteen rhinovirus reference strains, seventy-one clinical isolates and four enteroviruses were propagated in cell cultures, spotted onto membrane filters and hybridized with radioactively labelled cdna probes covering different parts of the genomes of hrv-1b, hrv-2, hrv-14, hrv-85 and hrv-89. when the rhinovirus and enterovirus reference strains were teste ... | 1990 | 2155249 |
| rapid molecular evolution of wild type 3 poliovirus during infection in individual hosts. | a panel of nine neutralizing monoclonal antibodies was used to analyse the antigenic properties of 188 plaque-purified type 3 poliovirus strains from 17 faecal specimens, derived from eight people during a 2 month observation period. most poliovirus specimens consisted of a mixture of antigenically distinct variants and the composition of the mixture was found to change between sequential specimens in many individuals, indicating antigenic evolution. thirty-five strains representing different an ... | 1990 | 2155286 |
| translation deficiency of the sabin type 3 poliovirus genome: association with an attenuating mutation c472----u. | previous studies have shown that the genome of sabin type 3 poliovaccine strain (p3/leon 12a1b) possesses a diminished translation efficiency as compared to genomes of closely related neurovirulent strains, the neurovirulent progenitor (p3/leon/37), or a revertant (p3/119/70) of the vaccine (y.v. svitkin, s.v. maslova, and v.i. agol, 1985, virology 147, 243-252). here we attempted to evaluate the contribution of each mutation in the genome of the vaccine to this translation deficiency. recombina ... | 1990 | 2155504 |
| enhancement of enterovirus infectivity in vitro by pretreating host cell monolayers with the cationic polymer polyethyleneimine. | laboratory strains of enteroviruses, as well as viruses isolated from raw wastewater, were found to exhibit enhanced infectivity in vitro when bgm cell monolayers were pretreated with the cationic polymer polyethyleneimine (pei). viruses were assayed by the cytopathic effect technique and as pfu under methylcellulose and agar overlays with monolayers treated with 0 to 5.0 x 10(-3)% (wt/vol) pei in phosphate-buffered saline supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum. poliovirus type 1 cytopathic eff ... | 1990 | 2155576 |
| evidence for poliovirus-induced cytoplasmic alkalinization in hela cells. | during the early period after poliovirus infection of hela cells, cellular na+/k+ atpase activity is transiently activated. we investigated the possibility that na+/k+ atpase activation is a consequence of na+/h+ antiporter activation. increased uptake of the weak organic acid 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione by infected cells around 2 h after infection suggested cytoplasmic alkalinization equivalent to ph 7.7 during the biosynthetic phase of viral replication. consistent with the involvement o ... | 1990 | 2155910 |
| specific detection of enteroviruses in clinical samples by molecular hybridization using poliovirus subgenomic riboprobes. | enteroviruses were specifically detected in crude clinical specimens or in cell cultures in which the viruses were amplified by dot hybridization by using poliovirus type 1-derived, subgenomic radiolabeled crna probes (riboprobes). the sensitivity of this test varied from 2.5 to 33%, when clinical specimens without cell culture were examined, and was about 85% in cell culture lysates. the specificity of the test was 90 to 100%. the riboprobe corresponding to the 5'-noncoding sequence specificall ... | 1990 | 2155917 |
| construction of recombinant dna molecules by the use of a single stranded dna generated by the polymerase chain reaction: its application to chimeric hepatitis a virus/poliovirus subgenomic cdna. | in order to study the importance of vp4 in picornavirus replication and translation, we replaced the hepatitis a virus (hav) vp4 with the poliovirus (pv1) vp4. using a modification of oligonucleotide site directed mutagenesis and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), we created a subgenomic cdna chimera of hepatitis a virus in which the precise sequences coding for hav vp4 capsid protein were replaced by the sequences coding for the poliovirus vp4 capsid protein. the method involved the use of pc ... | 1990 | 2156236 |
| effect of enteroviruses on adherence to and invasion of hep-2 cells by campylobacter isolates. | coinfection of hep-2 epithelial cells with coxsackievirus b3, echovirus 7, poliovirus (lsc type 1), porcine enterovirus, and campylobacter isolates was performed to determine if a synergistic effect could be obtained. the invasiveness of campylobacter jejuni atcc 33560 was significantly increased for hep-2 cells preinfected with echovirus 7, coxsackievirus b3, and uv-inactivated (noninfectious) coxsackievirus b3 particles. additionally, the invasiveness of c. jejuni m96, a clinical isolate, was ... | 1990 | 2156779 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of infectious coxsackievirus b3 cdna: two initial 5' uridine residues are regained during plus-strand rna synthesis. | a full-length reverse-transcribed, infectious cdna copy of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) was used to determine the nucleotide sequence of this cardiotropic enterovirus. comparison of the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence of the viral precursor polyprotein with the sequences of other group b coxsackieviruses (cvb1 and cvb4) demonstrates a high degree of genetic identity. they share about 80% homology at the nucleotide level and about 90% when the amino acid sequences of the polyp ... | 1990 | 2157045 |
| a mutant poliovirus containing a novel proteolytic cleavage site in vp3 is altered in viral maturation. | a six-amino-acid insertion containing a q-g amino acid pair was introduced into the carboxy terminus of the capsid protein vp3 (between residues 236 and 237). transfection of monkey cells with full-length poliovirus cdna containing the insertion described above yields a mutant virus (sel-1c-02) in which cleavage occurs almost entirely at the inserted q-g amino acid pair instead of at the wild-type vp3-vp1 cleavage site. mutant sel-1c-02 is delayed in the kinetics of virus production at 39 degree ... | 1990 | 2157059 |
| the humoral immune response to type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine in children previously immunized with enhanced potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine or live oral poliovirus vaccine. | sixty-one children who had previously received three doses of enhanced potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine (epipv) at 2, 4, and 18 months of age and 56 children who had previously received oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) according to the same schedule were challenged with a single dose of monovalent, type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine (opv1) between 19 and 52 months of age. before the opv1 challenge, the previously epipv-immunized recipients had a geometric mean poliovirus type 1 microneutralizatio ... | 1990 | 2157337 |
| induction of virus-neutralizing antibodies by bacteria expressing the c3 poliovirus epitope in the periplasm. the route of immunization influences the isotypic distribution and the biologic activity of the antipoliovirus antibodies. | two viral epitopes (c3 neutralization epitope from poliovirus type 1 and the 132-145 peptide from the pres2 region from hepatitis b virus) have been expressed in the escherichia coli periplasm as protein fusion with the maltose binding protein (male protein). immunization of mice with live bacteria expressing the foreign viral epitopes in their periplasm elicited high antibody titers against the viral peptide as well as against the corresponding virus. this demonstrates for the first time in the ... | 1990 | 2157762 |
| cell-induced conformational change in poliovirus: externalization of the amino terminus of vp1 is responsible for liposome binding. | upon attachment to susceptible cells, poliovirus and a number of other picornaviruses undergo conformational transitions which result in changes in antigenicity, increased protease sensitivity, the loss of the internal capsid protein vp4, and a loss of the ability to attach to cells. these conformationally altered particles have been characterized by using a number of sequence-specific probes, including two proteases, a panel of antiviral monoclonal antibodies, and a panel of antisera against sy ... | 1990 | 2157861 |
| myristoylation of the poliovirus polyprotein is required for proteolytic processing of the capsid and for viral infectivity. | the poliovirus polyprotein is cotranslationally linked to myristic acid at its amino-terminal glycine residue. we investigated the role of myristoylation in the viral replication cycle by site-directed mutagenesis of this glycine codon. synthetic full-length rna transcripts carrying a gly-to-ala mutation (g4002a) gave no infectious virus on transfection into permissive cells (hela). however, mutant viral rna was replicated in the transfected cells, albeit at a reduced level. the virus-specific p ... | 1990 | 2157900 |
| variations in cap-binding complexes from uninfected and poliovirus-infected hela cells. | poliovirus infection of hela cells results in cleavage of the p220 subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor eif-4f and inhibits cap-dependent initiation of protein synthesis. to examine the effect of virus-induced inhibition on the structure of initiation factor complexes involved in cap binding, the polypeptide compositions of cap affinity-purified complexes from uninfected and poliovirus-infected hela cells were analyzed. monoclonal antibodies directed against p220 and an eif-3 subunit, p170, w ... | 1990 | 2159001 |
| activities and mechanisms of action of halogen-substituted flavanoids against poliovirus type 2 infection in vitro. | the effects of some halogen-substituted flavanoids (dichloroflavan, halogenated isoflavans, and isoflavenes) on poliovirus type 2 infection was examined. only two isoflavenes exhibited a significant inhibitory activity on the virus-induced cytopathic effect and plaque formation. in a single cycle of viral replication, both compounds reduced the viral yield by approximately 90%. the presence of the isoflavenes from the beginning of infection or during the adsorption period only prevented the shut ... | 1990 | 2159258 |
| echovirus 22 is an atypical enterovirus. | although echovirus 22 (ev22) is classified as an enterovirus in the family picornaviridae, it is atypical of the enterovirus paradigm, typified by the polioviruses and the coxsackie b viruses. cdna reverse transcribed from coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) rna does not hybridize to genomic rna of ev22, and conversely, cdna made to ev22 does not hybridize to cvb3 genomic rna or to molecular clones of cvb3 or poliovirus type 1. ev22 cdna does not hybridize to viral rna of encephalomyocarditis virus or to a ... | 1990 | 2159539 |
| characterization of poliovirus clones containing lethal and nonlethal mutations in the genome-linked protein vpg. | viral rna synthesis was assayed in hela cells transfected with nonviable poliovirus rna mutated in the genome-linked protein vpg-coding region. the transfecting rna was transcribed in vitro from full-length poliovirus type 1 (mahoney) cdna containing a vpg mutagenesis cartridge. hybridization experiments using ribonucleotide probes specific for the 3' end of positive- and negative-sense poliovirus rna indicated that all mutant rnas encoding a linking tyrosine in position 3 or 4 of vpg were repli ... | 1990 | 2159557 |
| papular and papulovesicular acrolocated eruptions and viral infections. | twenty-six children with a symmetric papular or papulovesicular acrolocated eruption were studied to evaluate a possible link with viral infection. a history of a recent immunization was present in four patients, two of whom had a polio vaccine virus isolated from their stool samples. there was serologic evidence of a recent epstein-barr virus infection in one patient, adenovirus infection in another, a concurrent epstein-barr virus and adenovirus infection in a third, and cytomegalovirus infect ... | 1990 | 2160656 |
| substrate requirements of human rhinovirus 3c protease for peptide cleavage in vitro. | a series of synthetic peptides representing authentic proteolytic cleavage sites of human rhinovirus type 14 were assayed as substrates for purified 3c protease. competition cleavage assays were employed to determine the relative specificity constants (kcat/km) for substrates with sequences related to the viral 2c-3a cleavage site. variable length peptides representing the 2c-3a cleavage site were cleaved with comparable efficiency. these studies defined a minimum substrate of 6 amino acids (tlf ... | 1990 | 2160953 |
| disoxaril stabilization and immunogenicity of poliovirus procapsids. | disoxaril (5-[7-[4(4,5-dihydro-2-oxazolyl)phenoxy]-heptyl]-3- methylisoxazole) protects poliovirus procapsids against alkaline dissociation and thermal denaturation up to 42 degrees c. when added during the purification of procapsids, it enhances their yield and antigenic quality. disoxaril increases the immunogenicity of both purified virions and procapsids in mice. whereas untreated procapsids mainly elicit h-specific antibodies, disoxaril-treated procapsids yield high titres of neutralizing a ... | 1990 | 2161045 |
| phospholipid biosynthesis and poliovirus genome replication, two coupled phenomena. | poliovirus infection leads to an increase of phospholipid synthesis and the proliferation of new membranes, giving rise to a great number of cytoplasmic vesicles in the infected cells. viral rna replication is physically associated with these newly-synthesized membranes. cerulenin, an inhibitor of lipid biosynthesis, effectively blocks the growth of poliovirus in hela cells. the presence of cerulenin after virus entry prevents the synthesis of poliovirus proteins. however, if this antibiotic is ... | 1990 | 2161336 |
| poliovirus vaccines. a continuing challenge. | the control of poliomyelitis remains a provocative challenge. alternative vaccination schedules, continuing research toward better vaccines, and ongoing international scientific, epidemiologic, and economic collaboration may make it possible to provide effective immunization for all children of the world and eventually may eradicate poliomyelitis worldwide, a goal set forward by the expanded programme on immunization of the world health organization. | 1990 | 2161507 |
| the 15 amino acid residues preceding the amino terminus of the envelope protein in the yellow fever virus polyprotein precursor act as a signal peptide. | the 15 amino acids which precede the sequence of the envelope (e) protein in the yellow fever virus (yfv) polyprotein precursor have been proposed to function as a signal peptide for the e protein (p. desprès a. cahour, c. wychowski, m. girard and m. bouloy; ann. inst. pasteur/virol., 139, 59-67, 1988). to confirm this hypothesis, recombinant sv40 genomes were constructed in which the sequence of the e protein, or that of the poliovirus vp0 capsid polypeptide were placed immediately downstream o ... | 1990 | 2161594 |
| how to predict the immune status of poliovirus vaccinees? a comparison of virus neutralization at a very low serum dilution versus elisa in a cohort of infants. | a cohort of children from gaza was observed from birth to the age of one year. blood specimens were collected at birth, before and after poliovirus vaccination and at one year of age. poliovirus immunity before and after vaccination was assessed by elisa and virus neutralization (nt). positive predictive values for elisa were between 81.5% and 90.8%. however, elisa revealed a high frequency of false negatives, and unacceptably low negative predictive values between 28.6% and 55.4%. the history o ... | 1990 | 2161806 |
| presumptive identification of enteroviruses with rd, hep-2, and rmk cell lines. | the limited supply of the lim benyesh-melnick antiserum pools for the typing of enteroviruses has made this test inappropriate for routine use in most clinical laboratories. we studied the correlation between the enterovirus groups and the cell lines on which they displayed cytopathic effect in order to make identifications without using the neutralization test. this study indicated that a presumptive identification of the enterovirus group could be made on the basis of characteristic cytopathic ... | 1990 | 2161864 |
| molecular detection and identification of enteroviruses using enzymatic amplification and nucleic acid hybridization. | analysis of enteroviral genomes has revealed that the 5' nontranslated region is highly conserved, providing consensus sequences for the design of oligonucleotides which should anneal to most, if not all, human enteroviral rnas. we designed and used a pair of such generic primers to enzymatically amplify cdna from coxsackievirus group b types 1 through 6, poliovirus types 1 through 3, 4 coxsackievirus a types, and 29 echoviruses. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products generated with these ... | 1990 | 2161866 |
| new evidence for the precursor role of 14 s subunits in poliovirus morphogenesis. | in poliovirus-infected hela cells incubated as 30 degrees, 14 s subunits are selectively labeled and no virions are assembled. when the temperature is subsequently shifted to 37 degrees, the radioactivity of the 14 s material is transferred mainly to virions, showing that 14 s subunits are virion precursors. when 14 s subunits synthesized at 30 degrees are incubated in vitro at 37 degrees, they assemble to empty capsids. | 1990 | 2162113 |
| gross rearrangements within the 5'-untranslated region of the picornaviral genomes. | an analysis of reported nucleotide sequences revealed several cases of gross rearrangements in the 5'-untranslated region (5-utr) of picornaviral genomes. a large (greater than 100 nt) duplication was discovered in a downstream region of poliovirus 5-utr involved in the translational control. properties of the poliovirus mutants with large deletions [kuge and nomoto (1987) j. virol. 61, 1478-1487] show that a single copy of the appropriate repeating unit is compatible with a wild type phenotype ... | 1990 | 2162521 |
| search for "in vitro" antiviral activity of a new isoflavonic glycoside from ulex europaeus. | extracts from ulex europaeus l. (fabaceae) were tested for antiviral activity against hsv-1 and poliovirus. it was found that the n-butanolic extract significantly inhibited the replication of these viruses, as shown by inhibition of cytophathic effects and reduction of plaques; the extract has neither a prophylactic nor a virucidal activity. from this extract has been isolated and identified by chromatographic, chemical, and spectroscopic methods, the 5-o-methylgenistein 7-o-beta d-glucopyranos ... | 1990 | 2162546 |
| incubation of poliomyelitis as calculated from the time of entry into the central nervous system via the peripheral nerve pathways. | a new theory of how poliovirus reaches the central nervous system (cns)--that it enters at many peripheral nerve endings with passage along nerve pathways to the cns, with limited dispersal in the cns--is used in making predictions of incubation periods, and these are compared with data from the literature and with predictions from other theories. the virus transit speed along the nerve of 2.4 mm/h has been used in calculating the incubation time. the calculated incubation time for cutter vaccin ... | 1990 | 2163095 |
| cell-mediated immune responses to poliovirus ii. survey of delayed hypersensitivity and t-cell proliferative responses in inbred mouse strains. | some epidemiological reports suggest a human genetic predisposition for susceptibility to the development of paralytic poliomyelitis. in a previous study of cell-mediated immune responses by mice to poliovirus (pv), we showed differences in the responses by balb/c and c57bl/6 (b6) mice. the present study is a further analysis of the delayed hypersensitivity (dth) and t cell proliferative (tprlf) responses to pv in 17 different inbred strains of mice, to determine if these responses were under ma ... | 1990 | 2163256 |
| variation in intracellular p1p4-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate (ap4a) in virus-infected cells. | the effect of virus infection on the intracellular concentration of the proposed stress alarmone p1p4-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate (ap4a) has been examined in vero cells. compared with exposure to 0.8 mm-cd2+, which causes a 30-fold increase in ap4a, infection with simian virus 40 and poliovirus causes only a 2-fold increase, whereas herpes simplex virus type 1 results in a decrease in ap4a during the course of the infection. | 1990 | 2163623 |
| experiments on antiviral activity of hand disinfectants. some theoretical and practical considerations. | various members of the picornavirus family, adenovirus 2, papovavirus sv40, as well as rotaviruses were tested for inactivation of infectivity by hand disinfectants formulated on the basis of ethanol. the inactivating effect of povidine-iodine (betaisodona) on enteroviruses and rotaviruses was also investigated. the degree of inactivation by these disinfectants on the various non-enveloped viruses studied, however, was found unpredictable. in fact, striking differences with the very same disinfe ... | 1990 | 2163645 |
| kinetics of poliovirus uncoating in hela cells in a nonacidic environment. | lysis of hela cells infected with poliovirus revealed intact virus; 135s particles, devoid of vp4 but containing the viral rna; and 80s empty capsids. during infection the kinetics of poliovirus uncoating showed a continuous decrease of intact virus, while the number of 135s particles and empty shells increased. after 1.5 h of infection conformational transition to altered particles resulted in complete disappearance of intact virions. to investigate the mechanism of poliovirus uncoating, which ... | 1990 | 2164587 |
| oxidation-reduction sensitive interaction of a cellular 50-kda protein with an rna hairpin in the 5' noncoding region of the poliovirus genome. | genetic and biochemical analyses of the 5' noncoding region of poliovirus have indicated the importance of this region in both translation and amplification of the viral rna. the role of the cellular machinery required for these events is just beginning to be revealed. using an rna gel retention assay, we have identified a cellular 50-kda protein that forms a specific complex with a stable stem-loop structure present in the viral 5' noncoding region. the formation of the rna-protein complex is d ... | 1990 | 2165605 |
| creation of targets for proteolytic cleavage in the lamb protein of e coli k12 by genetic insertion of foreign sequences: implications for topological studies. | lamb, an integral outer membrane protein of e coli k12, is highly resistant to protease digestion. we had previously genetically inserted a foreign sequence corresponding to an epitope from the poliovirus next to amino acids 146, 153, 189, and 374 of lamb. in 3 cases (sites 146, 153, 374), insertion of the foreign peptide did not extensively affect the functions of lamb (and therefore folding). in 2 cases (sites 146 and 374) the polio virus epitope was detectable on the bacterial surface with a ... | 1990 | 2165820 |
| [poliovirus separation by centrifugation in percoll isopycnic gradients]. | centrifugation in percoll isopycnic gradients is reported as effective and simple method for separation and purification of polioviruses. by this method, not only may one separate poliovirus from simian virus 40 (sv40), but also may separate empty virions from solid virions of poliovirus. the bouyant density in percoll of solid virion of poliovirus, empty virion of poliovirus and sv40 are 1.084, 1.051 and 1.13, respectively. the recovery rate of virus is about 65%. | 1990 | 2165876 |
| kcl potentiation of the virucidal effectiveness of free chlorine at ph 9.0. | in studies at 5 degrees c and ph 9.0, poliovirus 1 was inactivated about 15 times more rapidly by free chlorine (fc) in purified water in the presence of 1,262 mg of kcl per liter (approximately 0.0169 m) than in the absence of kcl. in the presence of 526 mg of kcl per liter, the virus was inactivated about seven times more rapidly by fc than in the absence of kcl. at a level of 21 mg/liter, kcl did not significantly potentiate the virucidal activity of fc in purified water. although poliovirus ... | 1990 | 2166468 |
| latex and vinyl nonsterile examination gloves: status report on laboratory evaluation of defects by physical and biological methods. | we have reported previously (h. r. kotilainen, j. p. brinker, j. l. avato, and n. m. gantz, arch. intern. med. 149:2749-2753, 1989) that the quality of nonsterile examination gloves available for clinical use may be extremely variable. in view of the concern over human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus transmission to health care workers, the continuing variability of gloves available for use, and the need for a simple and safe test, we have evaluated 2,500 vinyl (five brands) and 2,0 ... | 1990 | 2166469 |
| guidelines of bundesgesundheitsamt (bga; german federal health office) and deutsche vereinigung zur bekämpfung der viruskrankheiten e.v. (dvv; german association for the control of virus diseases) for testing the effectiveness of chemical disinfectants against viruses. | 1990 | 2166529 | |
| temperature-sensitive poliovirus mutant fails to cleave vp0 and accumulates provirions. | a temperature-sensitive mutant of poliovirus, vp2-103, was isolated and characterized. a single nucleotide change, resulting in the substitution of glutamine for arginine at amino acid 76 of the capsid protein vp2, prevented the maturation of virions at the nonpermissive temperature. particles indistinguishable from the previously elusive provirions were observed; these particles have been proposed to be penultimate in virion morphogenesis. cleavage of vp0 into vp2 and vp4, the products found in ... | 1990 | 2166805 |
| lack of myristoylation of poliovirus capsid polypeptide vp0 prevents the formation of virions or results in the assembly of noninfectious virus particles. | we previously described the generation of a set of mutations into a cdna of poliovirus type 1 in the myristoylation signal of the capsid polypeptide vp4 (d. marc, g. drugeon, a.-l. haenni, m. girard, and s. van der werf, embo j. 8:2661, 1989). genomic transcripts synthesized in vitro from the mutated cdnas were found to be noninfectious upon transfection of permissive cells, and this property correlated with the lack of vp0 myristoylation in vivo. in the study presented here, we analyzed the ass ... | 1990 | 2166807 |
| loss of a phosphorylated form of transcription factor creb/atf in poliovirus-infected cells. | host cell rna synthesis is inhibited by poliovirus infection. we have studied the mechanism of poliovirus-induced inhibition of rna polymerase ii-mediated transcription by using the adenovirus early region 3 (e3) promoter. in vitro transcription from the e3 promoter was severely inhibited in extracts prepared from poliovirus-infected hela cells. four regions in the e3 promoter have been shown to serve as binding sites for cellular transcription factors. these regions contain binding sites for tr ... | 1990 | 2166827 |
| role of soluble cytokines on the restricted replication of poliovirus in the monocytic u937 cell line. | poliovirus infection of monocytic u937 cells is characterized by an incomplete shut-off of host protein synthesis occurring at late times postinfection and by a slow accumulation of viral mrna which is not efficiently translated. by using exogenous cytokines, neutralizing antibodies to different cytokines and specific cdna probes, we have studied the involvement of soluble factors on the restricted replication of poliovirus in u937 cells. our results show that both ifn-gamma and tnf-alpha mrna l ... | 1990 | 2166982 |
| poliomyelitis. evaluation of poliovirus-related cases. | 1990 | 2167116 | |
| nucleotide sequences of the vp1 capsid proteins of wild poliovirus types 1 and 3 from epidemic areas of brazil. | the nucleotide sequences encoding the capsid protein vp1 were determined for the wild polioviruses of serotypes 1 and 3 endemic to the northeastern region of brazil. compared with the corresponding sabin vaccine strain sequences, the wild isolates differed at 20% (type 1) and 22% (type 3) of their nucleotide positions, and in 7% (type 1) and 11% (type 3) of their amino acid residues. the highest degree of amino acid heterogeneity occurred within the amino-terminal residues of the vp1 proteins. i ... | 1990 | 2167137 |
| synthesis of functional mrna in mammalian cells by bacteriophage t3 rna polymerase. | we found that the 5' nontranslated leader sequence from encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) allowed transcripts that were synthesized by the t3 rna polymerase in mammalian cells to be translated in a cap-independent fashion. stable mouse cell lines that carry the t3 rna polymerase gene expressed the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene under the control of a phage promoter when the cat gene was fused to the emcv leader and introduced into the cells by transient dna uptake. the level of gen ... | 1990 | 2167433 |