Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) lung disease: the top ten essentials. | this review will utilize essential questions about nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) lung disease to succinctly address important new developments in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of ntm lung disease with a focus on practical information and "bottom line" answers. 1) what do i tell my patients who ask, “where did i get this infection” and, “should i take showers”? 2) what is the connection between bronchiectasis and the acquisition of ntm lung infection? 3) what other factors are i ... | 2014 | 24484653 |
| [immunological background on non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis]. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) pulmonary disease is increasing and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most common cause. ntm pulmonary disease has been linked in a distinct patient phenotype such as thin, post-menopausal women. their predisposition to infection with ntm suggests that immunologic responses to ntm potentially contribute to pathogenesis of ntm lung disease. in this symposium, we asked four speakers to talk mainly about the immunologic pathogenesis. the topics included immu ... | 2013 | 24551953 |
| latent mycobacterium avium infection causing a mycotic suprarenal aortic aneurysm in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection occurs in up to 50% of advanced-stage human immunodeficiency 1 (hiv-1) infections when the cd4 counts is <50/mm³. we report the case of a 52-year-old hiv-positive patient who presented with a symptomatic, rapidly growing suprarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. he had been diagnosed and treated for disseminated mac infection 3 years earlier. he was treated with antiretroviral medications and had a cd4 count >250 cells/mm³ and an undetectable viral load. o ... | 2014 | 24556183 |
| paradoxical response to disseminated non-tuberculosis mycobacteriosis treatment in a patient receiving tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor: a case report. | biological agents such as tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors are known to cause mycobacterium infections. here, we report a disseminated non-tuberculosis case caused by tnf-α inhibitor therapy and a probable paradoxical response to antimycobacterial therapy. | 2014 | 24576098 |
| nutritional indicators are correlated with the radiological severity score in patients with mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study. | body weight loss in patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease can be fatal. the administration of nutritional supplements should be an important component in the treatment of this disease. objective data regarding the association between the nutritional status and disease severity have not been reported. this cross-sectional study aimed to compare the nutritional status and radiological severity scores in mac pulmonary disease patients. | 2014 | 24583426 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium complex dna directly in clinical respiratory specimens: opportunities for improved turn-around time and cost savings. | we developed, evaluated, and implemented a taqman multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the detection of mycobacterium avium complex (mac), targeting the 16s-23s rrna internal transcribed spacer, which we have combined with an existing mycobacterium tuberculosis complex assay for use directly in clinical respiratory specimens. evaluation of the performance of this assay for mac detection included 464 clinical respiratory specimens tested prospectively. this real-time pcr ... | 2014 | 24612561 |
| nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infections. | pulmonary infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are increasingly recognized worldwide. although over 150 different species of ntm have been described, pulmonary infections are most commonly due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac), mycobacterium kansasii, and mycobacterium abscessus. the identification of these organisms in pulmonary specimens does not always equate with active infection; supportive radiographic and clinical findings are needed to establish the diagnosis. it is dif ... | 2014 | 24624285 |
| mycobacterium avium complex infection in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. | reliable markers of disease progression or stability to assist in management decisions are lacking in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. | 2014 | 24690015 |
| use of mefloquine in multidrug-resistant mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease in an hiv-negative patient. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a leading cause of pulmonary disease (pd), even in those with intact immunity, representing about 30% of the cases of pleuropulmonary mycobacterial infection. based on previous studies, macrolides are the only agents used in the treatment of mac disease for which there is a correlation between in vitro susceptibility and in vivo (clinical) response. however, resistance develops rapidly if single-agent treatment is used. data regarding treatment of macrolide-r ... | 2007 | 24692773 |
| [mycobacterium avium lung infection in hiv/aids patient: first report in peru]. | the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a pathogen found in the environment which causes infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. one case is presented: an hiv positive, 38 year old male patient, infected with p. jirovecii and apparently infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis since 2009. he was treated with antibiotic therapy for pneumocystosis and antituberculosis (tb) therapy, which achieved a partial improvement. in 2012, the patient underwent a culture test and new an ... | 2014 | 24718542 |
| is primary mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis necessary in patients with cd4 <50 cells/μl who are virologically suppressed on cart? | we analyzed 369 patients with no prior mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection and cd4 <50 cells/μl (baseline), while on combination antiretroviral therapy(cart), for incidence rates of primary mac infection during the 6 months after baseline, by prophylaxis status. of participants (median age, 40 years old), most were male (81%) and about half were non-white; at baseline, 81% of participants were on cart >60 days and 19% had hiv rna <1000 copies/ml, whereas 65% had hiv rna >10,000 copies/ml ... | 2014 | 24833016 |
| mycobacterium avium complex (mac) immune reconstitution syndrome (iris) with reduced susceptibility to ethambutol in an hiv-infected patient. | to describe a case of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lymphadenitis complicated by immune reconstitution syndrome (iris) and reduced susceptibility to ethambutol. | 2014 | 24847157 |
| disseminated cutaneous mycobacterium avium complex in a person with aids. | a cutaneous mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is a rare infection that can occur through direct inoculation or via dissemination to the skin. we report an interesting case of disseminated cutaneous mac infection in a 45-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), currently treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) and mac prophylaxis. | 2014 | 24852776 |
| risk factors for deterioration of nodular bronchiectatic mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | setting the long-term natural course of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease with nodular bronchiectasis, the most common pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease, is not well described. | 2014 | 24903946 |
| [clinical features of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease diagnosed through gastric aspirate culture]. | the diagnostic significance of gastric aspirate culture has been established in pulmonary tuberculosis, but not in pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. this study aimed to verify the diagnostic significance of gastric aspirate culture in pulmonary mac disease. | 2014 | 24908809 |
| pulmonary mycobacterium avium infection in a patient with crohn's disease under azathioprine treatment. | anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy is known as a risk factor of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) infection. however, there are few reports of ntm infection under treatment with thiopurine agents. we herein report a first case of pulmonary infection caused by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in a patient with crohn's disease under treatment with thiopurine. after starting antibiotics therapy for ntm including clarithromycin, rifampicin, ethambutol and streptomycin, mac infection was well ... | 2014 | 24932166 |
| long-term, low-dose erythromycin monotherapy for mycobacterium avium complex lung disease: a propensity score analysis. | multidrug regimens are initially withheld in mild cases of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. based on the anti-inflammatory effects of macrolides, some patients are treated with erythromycin, which does not appear to exhibit cross-resistance with clarithromycin in mac. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and adverse events of erythromycin monotherapy in patients with pulmonary mac disease. this was a retrospective propensity score analysis consisting of 31 patien ... | 2014 | 24948577 |
| treatment outcomes of refractory mac pulmonary disease treated with drugs with unclear efficacy. | we aimed to investigate the treatment outcomes of patients with refractory mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease treated with regimens containing drugs with unclear efficacy. of all patients diagnosed with mac lung disease between april 2004 and september 2012 at a tertiary referral center in south korea, the outcomes of 51 patients treated with regimens containing drugs with unclear efficacy (clofazimine, moxifloxacin, rifabutin, and linezolid) because of treatment failure after receiv ... | 2014 | 24981714 |
| detection of legionella, l. pneumophila and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) along potable water distribution pipelines. | inhalation of potable water presents a potential route of exposure to opportunistic pathogens and hence warrants significant public health concern. this study used qpcr to detect opportunistic pathogens legionella spp., l. pneumophila and mac at multiple points along two potable water distribution pipelines. one used chlorine disinfection and the other chloramine disinfection. samples were collected four times over the year to provide seasonal variation and the chlorine or chloramine residual wa ... | 2014 | 25046636 |
| relatedness of mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis clinical isolates of human and porcine origins assessed by mlva. | mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (mah) is an important opportunistic pathogen, infecting humans and animals, notably pigs. several methods have been used to characterize mah strains. rflp and pfge typing techniques have been used as standard methods but are technically demanding. in contrast, the analysis of vntr loci is a simpler, affordable and highly reliable pcr-based technique, allowing a numerical and reproductive digitalization of typing data. in this study, the analysis of mycobact ... | 2014 | 25085520 |
| pilot quasi-randomized controlled study of herbal medicine hochuekkito as an adjunct to conventional treatment for progressed pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease. | hochuekkito, a traditional herbal medicine, is occasionally prescribed in japan to treat patients with a poor general condition. we aimed to examine whether this medicine was beneficial and tolerable for patients with progressed pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. | 2014 | 25093868 |
| frequency and clinical significance of respiratory isolates of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in riyadh, saudi arabia. | the prevalence of pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) disease is increasing worldwide. the aim of this study was to assess the frequency and clinical significance of ntm isolated from respiratory specimens at king abdul-aziz medical city-riyadh, saudi arabia. | 2016 | 25130951 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characterization of mycobacterium intracellulare in china. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most common non-tuberculosis mycobacterial pathogen isolated from respiratory samples, mainly including two species, mycobacterium avium (m. avium) and mycobacterium intracellulare (m. intracellulare). although these two species belong to the same group, m. avium and m. intracellulare reveal significantly differences in pathogenicity and biology. nevertheless, little is known regarding the drug resistant details profile of m. avium or m. intracellulare in ... | 2014 | 25131955 |
| epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria among patients with cystic fibrosis in scandinavia. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are an emerging threat to cystic fibrosis (cf) patients but their epidemiology is not well described. | 2015 | 25178871 |
| mycobacterium avium complex (mac) presenting as the first infection in a child with cystic fibrosis. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) have been increasingly recognized in recent years as contributors to clinically significant lung infection in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. reports of prevalence vary from 6 to 22% around the world. prevalence estimates in childhood cf is challenging since sputum producers are rare, bronchoalveolar lavage is an invasive procedure and may not be feasible, and mounting evidence deeming throat cultures to be unsuccessful in detecting ntm. we report a case of an ov ... | 2014 | 25200554 |
| opportunistic infections and aids malignancies early after initiating combination antiretroviral therapy in high-income countries. | there is little information on the incidence of aids-defining events which have been reported in the literature to be associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris) after combined antiretroviral therapy (cart) initiation. these events include tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium complex (mac), cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml), herpes simplex virus (hsv), kaposi sarcoma, non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl), cryptococcosis and candidiasis. | 2014 | 25265230 |
| the influence of environmental exposure on the response to antimicrobial treatment in pulmonary mycobacterial avium complex disease. | environmental exposure is a likely risk factor for the development of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. the influence of environmental exposure on the response to antimicrobial treatment and relapse is unknown. | 2014 | 25266993 |
| [clinical characteristics of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection complicated with lung cancer]. | the coexistence of lung cancer and pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection has not been well reported. this study illustrated the clinical characteristics of pulmonary mac infections complicated with lung cancer. | 2014 | 25283009 |
| [mycobacterial lung disease in patients with cystic fibrosis--report of three cases]. | mycobacterial lung disease is caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm), also known as atypical mycobacteria. ntm are widely distributed in the environment, particularly in soil and water. although generally of low pathogenicity to humans, ntm can affect patients with underlying chronic lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, pneumoconiosis, or healed tuberculosis. some patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) have disease progression due to ntm, others can have ntm cultured intermit ... | 2014 | 25339567 |
| the significance of mycobacterium abscessus subspecies abscessus isolation during mycobacterium avium complex lung disease therapy. | isolation of mycobacterium abscessus subspecies abscessus (maa) is common during mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease therapy, but there is limited information about the clinical significance of the maa isolates. | 2014 | 25357074 |
| intermittent antibiotic therapy for nodular bronchiectatic mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | although intermittent, three-times-weekly therapy is recommended for the initial treatment of noncavitary nodular bronchiectatic mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease, supporting data are limited. | 2015 | 25393520 |
| nontuberculous mycobacterium infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients: the serodiagnosis of pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium avium complex with an enzyme immunoassay kit detecting glycopeptidolipid core antigen (capilia mac antibody elisa)®. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are ubiquitous environmental organisms that can cause various diseases, including pulmonary disease (pd). in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra), numerous pulmonary manifestations, including bronchiectasis, may develop into mycobacterium avium-complex (mac)-pd, which can be lethal in patients who are being treated with a tumor necrosis factor-alpha blocker. however, the bronchiectasis associated with ntm-pd is difficult to distinguish from that associated wi ... | 2013 | 25409670 |
| nontuberculous mycobacteria immune reconstitution syndrome. | the prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria infection (ntm) in sub-saharan africa is estimated to be less than 1%. ntm is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as tuberculosis in patients who present with immune reconstitution syndrome (irs) following initiation of antiretroviral treatment (art). immune reconstitution syndrome is common in patients who start art with low cd4 counts and high hiv viral load. furthermore, mycobacterium avium complex (mac) commonly infects those with cd4 counts les ... | 2014 | 25435881 |
| prevalence and risk factors for chronic co-infection in pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease. | patients with pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease are often co-infected with various pathogenic microorganisms. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of co-infection with non-mac pathogens and the risk factors associated with co-infection in patients with pulmonary mac disease. | 2014 | 25478192 |
| pulmonary nocardiosis caused by nocardia cyriacigeorgica in patients with mycobacterium avium complex lung disease: two case reports. | pulmonary nocardiosis frequently occurs in immunocompromised hosts and in some immunocompetent hosts with chronic lung disease; however, few reports have described pulmonary nocardiosis with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung infection. here we report for the first time two cases of pulmonary nocardiosis caused by nocardia cyriacigeorgica associated with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease caused by m. avium. | 2014 | 25491030 |
| tuberculosis in swine co-infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis and mycobacterium bovis in a cluster from argentina. | summary in argentina little is known about the epidemiology of tuberculosis (tb) infection in swine. we characterized the epidemiological dynamics of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in a swine population of argentina using molecular tools and spatial analysis techniques. isolates (n = 196) obtained from tb-like lesions (n = 200) were characterized by polymerase chain reaction. the isolates were positive to either m. bovis (is6110) (n = 160) or m. avium (is1245) (n = 16) while the rem ... | 2015 | 25496827 |
| real-time monitoring of mycobacterium genomic dna with target-primed rolling circle amplification by a au nanoparticle-embedded spr biosensor. | in this study, we developed a surface plasmon resonance (spr) dna biosensor array based on target-primed rolling circle amplification (rca) for isothermal and rapid detection of two pathogenic mycobacteria, mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) and mycobacterium avium complex (mac).the species-specific padlock probe (plp) was designed to target the sequence in 16s-23s rrna gene internal transcribed spacer (its). after ligation, the circularized plp could be primed by the target sequence to i ... | 2015 | 25500527 |
| validation of a commercial serodiagnostic kit for diagnosing pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease. | a commercial serodiagnostic kit for diagnosing pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac-pd) was developed and launched in japan in 2011. | 2015 | 25519798 |
| mycobacterium avium complex infection in a patient with sickle cell disease and severe iron overload. | a 34-year-old female with sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin ss disease) and severe iron overload presented to our institution with the subacute presentation of recurrent pain crisis, fever of unknown origin, pancytopenia, and weight loss. a ct scan demonstrated both lung and liver nodules concerning for granulomatous disease. subsequent biopsies of the liver and bone marrow confirmed the presence of noncaseating granulomas and blood cultures isolated mycobacterium avium complex mac. disseminated ma ... | 2014 | 25544913 |
| safety and tolerability of clofazimine as salvage therapy for atypical mycobacterial infection in solid organ transplant recipients. | the treatment of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) requires prolonged, multidrug therapy, which is often not well tolerated. in solid organ transplant (sot) recipients, drug-drug interactions complicate treatment further. failure or intolerance requires the use of salvage regimens, and clofazimine is one of the drugs that can be used. no data are available on the safety and tolerability of clofazimine for the treatment of mac in sot recipients. | 2015 | 25620390 |
| increasing patients with pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease and associated underlying diseases in japan. | this study was conducted to evaluate trends in the isolation of strains of nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) and trends in the number of patients with pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. we retrospectively reviewed microbiological results and clinical data to identify patients who were diagnosed with pulmonary mac disease at kyoto university hospital in japan between 2000 and 2013. ntm were isolated from 6327 of 80,285 samples (7.9%) for mycobacterial culture. the proportion of ... | 2015 | 25640532 |
| factors associated with subsequent nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in patients with a single sputum isolate on initial examination. | very few studies have focused on the outcome and management of patients with a single sputum isolate of nontuberculous mycobacterium (ntm) on initial examination. patients with a single isolate of mycobacterium avium complex (mac), m. chelonae-abscessus, m. kansasii, or m. fortuitum from at least three sputum samples collected within 1 month were retrospectively identified. those with follow-up sputum samples within 1 year were included in the analysis. among the 202 patients included, m. fortui ... | 2015 | 25658545 |
| characterization of a novel plasmid, pmah135, from mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) causes mainly two types of disease. the first is disseminated disease in immunocompromised hosts, such as individuals infected by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the second is pulmonary disease in individuals without systemic immunosuppression, and the incidence of this type is increasing worldwide. m. avium subsp. hominissuis, a component of mac, causes infection in pigs as well as in humans. many aspects of the different modes of m. avium infection and its ... | 2015 | 25671431 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium complex as protein-losing enteropathy in a non-hiv patient. | disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) causing protein-losing enteropathy (ple) due to intestinal lymphangiectasia (il) in a non-hiv immunocompromised state is extremely rare. we present a case of 56-year-old male who was evaluated for worsening dyspnea and found to have right-sided chylous pleural effusion as well as worsening abdominal and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. he had a history of psoriasis for which hewas on etanercept and alefacept which were stopped two years prior to the ... | 2016 | 25672059 |
| preliminary results of bedaquiline as salvage therapy for patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. | bedaquiline is an oral antimycobacterial agent belonging to a new class of drugs called diarylquinolines. it has low equivalent minimal inhibitory concentrations for mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) lung disease, especially mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and mycobacterium abscessus (mab). bedaquiline appears to be effective for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tb but has not been tested clinically for ntm disease. | 2015 | 25675393 |
| an unusual case of fever of unknown origin. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is a common complication of the later stages of aids. extrapulmonary infection with mac in hiv-negative patients is considered uncommon. we report a case of a young female who presented with fever of unknown origin on multiple occasions and failed to be diagnosed with mac by acid-fast stain initially. subsequently, the patient presented with pancytopenia due to bone marrow biopsy-proven infection with mac. the patient was not on any immunosuppressant r ... | 2014 | 25675595 |
| treatment of slowly growing mycobacteria. | the most common nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) lung pathogen, mycobacterium avium complex (mac), requires antibiotic treatment regimens that are long and often arduous. m kansasii is the slowly growing ntm pathogen with the most predictably successful treatment outcomes, whereas other slowly growing ntm pathogens such as m xeonpi, m szulgai, and m malmoense are less predictably responsive to antibiotic regimens. m simiae is the most difficult of the common slowly growing ntm pathogens to era ... | 2015 | 25676521 |
| risk factors for recurrence after successful treatment of mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | this study analyzed the recurrence rate and risk factors for recurrence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease in patients successfully treated for this disease. the medical records of 158 patients successfully treated for mac lung disease at a tertiary referral center in south korea between march 2000 and december 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. recurrence was recorded, and factors associated with recurrence were analyzed. the mean age of the 158 patients was 60.7 ± 11.1 years. t ... | 2015 | 25753634 |
| pleural mycobacterium avium complex infection in an immunocompetent female with no risk factors. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections rarely affect the pleura, accounting for 5-15% of pulmonary mac. we report a case of mac pleural effusion in an otherwise immunocompetent young patient. a 37-year-old healthy female with no past medical history was admitted to the hospital with two weeks of right sided pleuritic chest pain, productive cough, and fever. she was febrile, tachycardic, and tachypneic with signs of right sided pleural effusion which were confirmed by chest x-ray and chest ... | 2015 | 25793135 |
| nontuberculous mycobacteria in cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. | increasing numbers of cystic fibrosis (cf) and non-cf bronchiectasis patients are affected by pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) infection worldwide. two species of ntm account for up to 95% of the pulmonary ntm infections: mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and mycobacterium abscessus complex (mabsc). diagnosis of pulmonary ntm infection is based on criteria specified in the 2007 american thoracic society/infectious disease society of america (ats/idsa) guidelines. while many initial po ... | 2015 | 25826589 |
| comparison of clinical features, virulence, and relapse among mycobacterium avium complex species. | traditionally, mycobacterium avium complex (mac) has been composed of m. avium and m. intracellulare; however, advances in genetic sequencing have allowed discovery of several novel species. with these discoveries, investigation of differences in risk factors, virulence, and clinical outcomes have emerged. | 2015 | 25835090 |
| pulmonary chondroid hamartoma with nontuberculous mycobacterial infection: two case reports. | solitary pulmonary nodules (spns) can be manifested in a variety of disorders including neoplasms, infection, inflammation, and vascular or congenital abnormalities. in addition, they are often accompanied with other pulmonary pathologic lesions such as consolidations and several pulmonary disorders present as similar pulmonary nodular lesions simultaneously. diagnostic workup is important for these spns; however, many physicians often miss the second diagnosis for multiple pulmonary lesions wit ... | 2015 | 25860214 |
| epidemiology and clinical characteristic of mycobacterial infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in siriraj hospital. | mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) infections are major health problems in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. most previous studies focused mainly on tuberculosis (tb) rather than ntm infections. | 2015 | 25920293 |
| mycobacterium avium complex-associated cholecystitis in aids patient: a case description and review of literature. | aids-related cholangiopathy was common in patients with aids prior to the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy. mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most common opportunistic bacterial infection seen in aids patients and one of many opportunistic pathogens implicated in aids cholangiopathy. we describe a case of acute cholecystitis secondary to mac in a patient with likely aids cholangiopathy. the patient, a 37-year-old hispanic woman with cd4(+) cell count of 10 cells/mm(3) who wa ... | 2016 | 26023092 |
| identification of mycobacterium genavense in a diana monkey (cercopithecus diana) by polymerase chain reaction and high-performance liquid chromatography. | a 25-yr-old diana monkey (cercopithecus diana) with a 1.5-yr history of chronic colitis and diarrhea was found to have disseminated granulomatous disease with intralesional acid fast bacilli. bacilli were identified as mycobacterium genavense by polymerase chain reaction, sequencing of the 16s-23s ribosomal rna intergenic spacer (its) gene, and mycolic acid analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. mycobacterium genavense is a common cause of mycobacteriosis in free-ranging and captive ... | 2015 | 26056890 |
| clinical findings in relation to mortality in non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections: patients with mycobacterium avium complex have better survival than patients with other mycobacteria. | we compared the clinical findings and survival in patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and other non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm). a total of 167 adult non-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) patients with at least one positive culture for ntm were included. medical records were reviewed. the patients were categorised according to the 2007 american thoracic society (ats) criteria. mac comprised 59 % of all ntm findings. mac patients were more often female (70 % vs. 34 %, p < 0.001) a ... | 2015 | 26155783 |
| mycobacterium avium complex osteomyelitis in persons with human immunodeficiency virus: case series and literature review. | in persons with advanced immunosuppression, mycobacterium avium complex (mac) typically causes disseminated disease with systemic symptoms. we report 2 cases in which mac caused localized osteomyelitis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy with rising cd4 counts. we summarize 17 additional cases of hiv-associated mac osteomyelitis from the literature and compare cd4 count at presentation for vertebral cases versus nonvertebral cases, which reveals a ... | 2015 | 26180837 |
| immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome due to mycobacterium avium complex successfully followed up using 18 f-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case report. | in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris) due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) infection is one of the most difficult types of iris to manage. 18f-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18f-fdg pet/ct) has been suggested as a useful tool for evaluating the inflammatory status of hiv-infected patients. we present the first case of mycobacterium avium complex (mac)-associated iris (mac-iris) that wa ... | 2015 | 26187282 |
| intracranial abscess due to mycobacterium avium complex in an immunocompetent host: a case report. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a ubiquitous pathogen, widely distributed in the environment including water, soil and animals. it is an uncommonly encountered clinical pathogen; primarily causing pulmonary infections in patients with underlying lung disease or disseminated disease in immunocompromised hosts. sporadically, extra-pulmonary infections have been documented including involvement of the liver, spleen, skin, soft tissue and lymph nodes. central nervous system (cns) infections due ... | 2015 | 26201464 |
| opportunistic pathogens mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and legionella spp. colonise model shower. | legionella spp. and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are opportunistic pathogens of public health concern. hot water systems, including showers, have been identified as a potential source of infection. this paper describes the colonization of legionella and mac on the flexible tubing within a model potable shower system, utilizing thermostatic mixing and a flexible shower head. a mac qpcr method of enumeration was also developed. mac and legionella spp. were detected within the biofilm at maxim ... | 2015 | 26213977 |
| diagnostic value of antibody responses to multiple antigens from mycobacterium tuberculosis in active and latent tuberculosis. | we investigated the antibody responses to 10 prospective mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) antigens and evaluated their ability to discriminate between latent (ltbi) and active pulmonary tuberculosis (tb). our results indicate that plasma levels of anti-α-crystallin (acr), antilipoarabinomannan, anti-trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate, and anti-tubercular-glycolipid antigen antibodies were higher in patients with active tb, compared to those in the ltbi and control subjects. no differences in the antibodi ... | 2015 | 26307672 |
| clinical efficacy of anti-glycopeptidolipid-core iga test for diagnosing mycobacterium avium complex infection in lung. | it is difficult to verify the bacteriological diagnosis of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. the anti-glycopeptidolipid (gpl)-core iga antibody test was recently developed as a diagnostic method for mac pulmonary disease. only a few studies evaluate its clinical efficacy. we conducted retrospective evaluations of clinical characteristics of patients suspected of mac infection to explore the usefulness of the anti-gpl-core iga antibody test. | 2015 | 26338466 |
| characteristics of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease diagnosed later in follow-up after negative mycobacterial study including bronchoscopy. | we occasionally experience cases suspected of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease without positive bacterial cultures. | 2015 | 26365483 |
| a case of rapid exacerbation of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection mimicking pulmonary aspergillosis. | we herein report a case of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection with pulmonary multiple nodules and the "halo sign" on chest computed tomography (ct) in which the patient showed rapid exacerbation seven years after undergoing bone marrow transplantation (bmt). a 68-year-old japanese female visited our hospital due to a productive cough and dyspnea. she had undergone allogeneic bmt for acute myelocytic leukemia and received both prednisolone (2 mg/day) and cyclosporine (30 mg/day ... | 2015 | 26370040 |
| experimental reactivation of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection in a modified cornell-like murine model. | the latency and reactivation of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been well studied. however, there have been few studies of the latency and reactivation of mycobacterium avium complex (mac), the most common etiological non-tuberculous mycobacterium species next to m. tuberculosis in humans worldwide. we hypothesized that latent mac infections can be reactivated following immunosuppression after combination chemotherapy with clarithromycin and rifampicin under experimental conditions. to ... | 2015 | 26406237 |
| diagnostic performance of measuring antibodies to the glycopeptidolipid core antigen specific to mycobacterium avium complex in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from a cross-sectional observational study. | the aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of measuring antibodies to the glycopeptidolipid (gpl) core antigen specific to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra). | 2015 | 26415495 |
| genetic diversity of clinical mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis and mycobacterium intracellulare isolates causing pulmonary diseases recovered from different geographical regions. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections are increasing annually in many countries. mac strains are the most common nontuberculous mycobacterial pathogens isolated from respiratory samples and predominantly consist of two species, mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare. the aim of this study was to analyze the molecular epidemiology and genetic backgrounds of clinical mac isolates collected from the netherlands, germany, united states, korea and japan. variable numbers of tande ... | 2015 | 26435330 |
| dress syndrome presenting after initiation of mycobacterium avium complex osteomyelitis treatment. | drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (dress) syndrome is characterised by fever, rash, eosinophilia and organ damage that develops 2-6 weeks after the initiation of a medication. we report a case of dress syndrome in a 79-year-old man that developed after the introduction of rifabutin, ethambutol and clarithromycin used to treat mycobacterium avium complex (mac) vertebral osteomyelitis. this case highlights treatment and management challenges in a patient with known mac vertebral os ... | 2015 | 26438676 |
| determinants of recurrence after successful treatment of mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | the long-term treatment outcomes of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease (ld) have not been adequately evaluated. | 2015 | 26459540 |
| [disseminated mycobacterium intracellulare infection in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome]. | a 71-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome (mds) was admitted to our hospital because of recurrent high-grade fever. he was examined for bacterial and fungal infections and treated with antibiotics and antifungal agents. however, he did not achieve a definitive diagnosis and had no apparent improvement for more than a month. bone marrow aspiration revealed transformation of mds to acute myeloid leukemia and hemophagocytosis. in addition, mycobacterium intracellulare was isolated from both a ... | 2015 | 26477113 |
| successful resumption of tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis after resection of a pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex lesion: a case report. | biological agents inhibiting tnf-α and other molecules involved in inflammatory cascade have been increasingly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (ra). however, it remains controversial whether biological agents can be used safely in a patient with an underlying chronic infectious disease. | 2015 | 26496968 |
| dry pleurisy complicating solitary pulmonary nodules caused by mycobacterium avium: a case report. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule (mac-spn) is often asymptomatic, is more common in middle to old age, and mimics lung cancer or tuberculoma. we report herein a case of mac-spn in an immunocompetent young adult patient, presenting with persistent chest pain and a subacutely progressive nodule with high intense (18)f-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. histological examination of resected specimens revealed pleurisy, which is a rare finding of mac-sp ... | 2015 | 26503229 |
| long-term follow-up of mycobacterium avium complex lung disease in patients treated with regimens including clofazimine and/or rifampin. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease requires prolonged treatment with multiple antibiotics. drug intolerances and interactions are common with the current recommended treatment. there is limited information on outcomes with alternative medications. | 2016 | 26513209 |
| a rhesus macaque model of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. | in this study, we sought to develop a nonhuman primate model of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected from three female rhesus macaques infected intrabronchially with escalating doses of m. avium subsp. hominissuis. immunity was determined by measuring cytokine levels, lymphocyte proliferation, and antigen-specific responses. disease progression was monitored clinically and microbiologically with serial thoracic radiographs, co ... | 2016 | 26562499 |
| proton magnetic resonance imaging for initial assessment of isolated mycobacterium avium complex pneumonia. | computed tomographic (ct) radiography is the reference standard for imaging mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung infection. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) has been shown to be comparable to ct for characterizing other pulmonary inflammatory conditions, but has not been rigorously tested for imaging mac pneumonia. | 2016 | 26633593 |
| health-related quality of life is inversely correlated with c-reactive protein and age in mycobacterium avium complex lung disease: a cross-sectional analysis of 235 patients. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung diseases generally cause chronic disease in immunocompetent hosts. although a few studies have examined health-related quality of life (hrql) in patients with mac lung disease, there have been no large studies. this study aimed to evaluate hrql and its correlation with clinical outcomes in mac lung disease. | 2015 | 26635226 |
| middle-aged to elderly women have a higher asymptomatic infection rate with mycobacterium avium complex, regardless of body habitus. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease is prevalent in middle-aged to elderly women with a thin body habitus. by comparing the rate of serologically diagnosed asymptomatic mac infection and body mass index among 1033 healthy subjects, we find that middle-aged to elderly women became infected with mac, regardless of their body habitus. | 2016 | 26639819 |
| nontuberculous mycobacteria in middle east: current situation and future challenges. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are a diverse group of bacterial species that are distributed in the environment. many of these environmental bacteria can cause disease in humans. the identification of ntm in environmental sources is important for both clinical and epidemiological purposes. in this study, the distribution of ntm species from environmental and clinical samples in the middle east was reviewed. in order to provide an overview of ntm, as well as recent epidemiological trends, all ... | 2015 | 26655192 |
| novel mycobacterium avium complex species isolated from black wildebeest (connochaetes gnou) in south africa. | a study was undertaken to isolate and characterize mycobacterium species from black wildebeest suspected of being infected with tuberculosis in south africa. this led to the discovery of a new mycobacterium avium complex species, provisionally referred to as the gnou isolate from black wildebeest (connochaetes gnou). sixteen samples from nine black wildebeest were processed for mycobacterium isolation. following decontamination, samples were incubated in an ordinary incubator at 37°c on löwenste ... | 2015 | 26671520 |
| bronchial artery embolization to control hemoptysis in patients with mycobacterium avium complex. | hemoptysis frequently develops in patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease. bronchial artery embolization (bae) has been established as one of the useful treatments of massive and persistent hemoptysis. we evaluated the efficacy and safety of bae for controlling hemoptysis in mac patients, and identified the risk factors of rebleeding after bae. | 2016 | 26718145 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium complex with cutaneous lesions. | although most commonly encountered in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is becoming more common in patients receiving immunosuppressive medications. disseminated mac with skin lesions may occur, and several presentations have been reported, including panniculitis, cutaneous granulomas, pustules, ulcerations, and erythematous skin lesions. | 2016 | 26740021 |
| molecular characterization and drug susceptibility profile of a mycobacterium avium subspecies avium isolate from a dog with disseminated infection. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections have been described in many mammalian species including humans and pets. we isolated and molecularly typed the causative agent of a rare case of disseminated mycobacteriosis in a dog. we identified the pathogen as a m. avium subspecies avium by sequencing the partial genes gyrb and rpsa. considering the zoonotic potential of this infection, and in an attempt to ensure the most effective treatment for the animal, we also determined the drug susceptibil ... | 2016 | 26758809 |
| overexpression of rorγt enhances pulmonary inflammation after infection with mycobacterium avium. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most common cause of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in humans. the role of th17 immunity in the pathogenesis of intracellular bacteria, such as mac, is not currently understood. transcription factor rar-related orphan receptor gamma t (rorγt) is known as the master regulator for th17 cell development. here, we investigated the role of rorγt in host responses against mac infection. wild-type (wt) mice and rorγt-overexpressing mice were infected with ... | 2016 | 26784959 |
| incidence of toxic optic neuropathy with low-dose ethambutol. | to investigate the incidence of ethambutol (emb) induced optic neuropathy prescribed at a relatively low dose of ≤ 15 mg/kg/day for the treatment of tuberculosis (tb) or mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease. | 2016 | 26792482 |
| limited value of transbronchial lung biopsy for diagnosing mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | it remains unclear whether transbronchial lung biopsy (tblb) is useful for diagnosing mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease. | 2016 | 26808915 |
| analysis of drug treatment outcome in clarithromycin-resistant mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | although the isolation of clarithromycin (cam)-resistant mycobacterium avium complex (mac) indicates a poor treatment outcome and increased mortality, there have been only a few reports on drug treatment for cam-resistant mac lung disease. we aimed to reveal the effectiveness of the continuation of a macrolide and the use of a multidrug regimen in the treatment of cam-resistant mac lung disease. | 2016 | 26818764 |
| retrospective investigation of combination therapy with clarithromycin and levofloxacin for pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease. | fluoroquinolones are often used for the treatment of refractory mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease when the clinical efficacy of the recommended regimen, which includes clarithromycin (cam), rifampicin (rfp), and ethambutol (eb), is insufficient. however, recent in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that fluoroquinolones decreased the antibacterial activity of cam when they were administered in combination. in this study, we retrospectively investigated the influence of the combinat ... | 2015 | 26819735 |
| serum concentrations of clarithromycin and rifampicin in pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease: long-term changes due to drug interactions and their association with clinical outcomes. | concomitant use of clarithromycin (cam) and rifampicin (rfp) for the treatment of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease affects the systemic concentrations of both drugs due to cyp3a4-related interactions. to date, however, there has been no report that investigates the long-term relationship between the drug concentrations, cyp3a4 activity, and clinical outcomes. our aim was to investigate the time course of the drug levels in long-term treatment of subjects with pulmonary mac dis ... | 2015 | 26819743 |
| mycobacterium avium complex enteritis in hiv-infected patient. | disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is an important aids-defining opportunistic infection. the introduction of antimicrobial prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy (art) markedly reduced the incidence of disseminated mac infection and improved the survival of affected individuals. however, it seems that patients with new or recurrent mac infection are still encountered in clinical practice. our images captured the characteristic endoscopic findings of mac duodenitis. the gas ... | 2014 | 26839771 |
| bronchial occlusion with endobronchial watanabe spigots for massive hemoptysis in a patient with pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection. | the safety of occlusion with endobronchial watanabe spigots (ews) for the management of hemoptysis associated with chronic respiratory tract infection has not yet been established. a 57-year-old woman diagnosed as having pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection presented to our hospital with hemoptysis. she underwent bronchoscopy for bronchial occlusion with ews, which resulted in the resolution of hemoptysis. subsequently, she underwent bronchial artery embolization and then ews we ... | 2016 | 26879482 |
| low levels of short- and medium-chain acylcarnitines in hiv-infected patients. | carnitine plays an essential role in fatty acid metabolism, exerts substantial antioxidant action and regulates immune functions. we hypothesized that a disturbed carnitine metabolism could be involved in progression of hiv infection. | 2016 | 26913383 |
| broncho-pleural fistula with hydropneumothorax at ct: diagnostic implications in mycobacterium avium complex lung disease with pleural involvement. | to determine the patho-mechanism of pleural effusion or hydropneumothorax in mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease through the computed tomographic (ct) findings. | 2017 | 26957917 |
| pediatric atypical mycobacterium infection presenting as wheezing and concern for foreign body aspiration. | atypical mycobacterium infection most commonly presents as asymptomatic cervical lymphadenitis in immunocompetent children. over the last several decades, rates of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection have been increasing in both number and severity, with more cases of pulmonary infection reported in healthy children. however, guidelines on how to treat children with these infections remain unclear. the presentation of this disease is variable and often presents with an indolent course of ... | 2016 | 27014525 |
| a fatal case of pulmonary infection by mycobacterium colombiense in para state, amazon region, brazil. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a heterogeneous group of species found in several environmental sources and that exhibit variable degrees of pathogenicity. among the mac members, mycobacterium colombiense has been related to pulmonary disease and disseminated infection in hiv-infected patients in colombia. lymphadenopathy cases have also been reported. we have described a fatal case of m. colombiense pulmonary disease in a brazilian patient without evidence of hiv infection or other known c ... | 2016 | 27133309 |
| diagnosis and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are ubiquitous organisms; their isolation from clinical specimens does not always indicate clinical disease. the incidence of ntm lung diseases has been increasing worldwide. although the geographic diversity of ntm species is well known, mycobacterium avium complex (mac), m. abscessus complex (mabc), and m. kansasii are the most commonly encountered and important etiologic organisms. two distinct types of ntm lung diseases have been reported, namely fibrocavita ... | 2016 | 27134484 |
| impact of industrial structure and soil exposure on the regional variations in pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease prevalence. | the prevalence of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (pntm) disease, including mycobacterium avium complex (mac), varies widely according to geographic region. however, the factors that influence regional variations in pntm disease prevalence remain unknown. this study was undertaken to examine whether environmental or occupational factors or host traits could influence regional variations in pntm disease prevalence. | 2016 | 27242228 |
| [changes in mac antibody levels before and after surgery and at the time of relapse/recurrence in mac lung disease--can mac antibodies be an indicator of postoperative relapse/recurrence?]. | patients receiving surgical treatment for mycobacterium avium complex (mac), lung disease should be followed up with careful attention paid to relapse/recurrence, but there is some debate regarding the findings based on which relapse/recurrence should be diagnosed. | 2016 | 27263223 |
| rifamycins, alone and in combination. | rifamycins inhibit rna polymerase of most bacterial genera. rifampicin remains part of combination therapy for treating tuberculosis (tb), and for treating gram-positive prosthetic joint and valve infections, in which biofilms are prominent. rifabutin has use for aids patients in treating mycobacterial infections tb and mycobacterium avium complex (mac), having fewer drug-drug interactions that interfere with aids medications. rifabutin is occasionally used in combination to eradicate helicobact ... | 2016 | 27270559 |
| etiological study of lymphadenopathy in hiv-infected patients in a tertiary care hospital. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has become a global pandemic. persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (pgl) is very common manifestation of hiv infection. moreover, different opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis (tb) and malignancies may present with lymphadenopathy. mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is most common with cluster of differentiation (cd)4+ count ≤50 cells/μl. fine-needle aspiration cytology (fnac) offers a simple and effective modality for obtaining a ... | 2017 | 27279680 |
| occurrence of bacterial and viral pathogens in common and noninvasive diagnostic sampling from parrots and racing pigeons in slovenia. | airborne pathogens can cause infections within parrot (psittaciformes) and pigeon (columbiformes) holdings and, in the case of zoonoses, can even spread to humans. air sampling is a useful, noninvasive method which can enhance the common sampling methods for detection of microorganisms in bird flocks. in this study, fecal and air samples were taken from four parrot holdings. additionally, cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs as well as air samples were taken from 15 racing pigeon holdings. parrots we ... | 2016 | 27309292 |