Publications

ceftiofur distribution in plasma and joint fluid following regional limb injection in cattle.	the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of regional intravenous (i.v.) injection of ceftiofur in delivery of this drug to joint fluid and plasma in a limb distal to a tourniquet in five, healthy, adult, mixed breed beef cattle. a tourniquet was positioned in the mid-metacarpal region, and 500 mg of ceftiofur was administered through a catheter in the dorsal common digital vein (dcdv). plasma samples were collected from the catheter at 15, 30 and 45 min postinjection, and from th ...	1999	10211712
pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin and endotoxin induced cytokine gene expression in bovine alveolar macrophages requires nf-kappab activation and calcium elevation.	in bovine alveolar macrophages (bams), exposure to leukotoxin (lkt) and endotoxin (lps) from pasteurella haemolytica results in expression of inflammatory cytokine genes and intracellular calcium ([ca2+]i) elevation. leukotoxin from p. haemolytica interacts only with leukocytes and platelets from ruminant species. upregulation of cytokine genes in different cells by lps involves activation of the transcription factor nf-kappab (nf-kappab), resulting in its translocation from the cytoplasm to the ...	1999	10222211
investigations on the species specificity of mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica serotyping.	eleven serotypes (1, 2, 5-9, 12-14 and 16) have been demonstrated within mannheimia haemolytica. subsequent serotyping of 166 mannheimia haemolytica-like strains, genetically and phenotyphically distinct from mannheimia haemolytica, and isolated from ruminants, pigs, hares and rabbits showed that 13.2% were typeable, 19 of which were serotype 11 representing strains now being classified as m. glucosida. in addition, three strains belonged to serotypes 6, 9 and 16, respectively. additionally, the ...	1999	10223327
adjuvant and protective properties of native and recombinant bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin preparations in mice.	bordetella pertussis produces a cell-invasive adenylate cyclase toxin which is synthesised from the cyaa gene as an inactive protoxin that is post-translationally activated by the product of the cyac gene. purified active and inactive cyaa proteins were prepared from b. pertussis or from recombinant escherichia coli expressing both cyaa and cyac genes or the cyaa gene alone. respectively. in addition, a hybrid toxin (hyb2) in which an internal region of cyaa had been replaced with the analogous ...	1999	10225286
immunologic responses of domestic and bighorn sheep to a multivalent pasteurella haemolytica vaccine.	the efficacy of a pasteurella haemolytica vaccine (serotypes a1, a2, and t10) to induce humoral antibodies and alter colonization of the upper respiratory tract by related p. haemolytica spp. strains was evaluated in 10 bighorn (ovis canadensis canadensis) and 10 domestic (ovis aries) sheep. sheep of each species were divided into five pairs based on age and history of respiratory disease. one sheep in each pair was vaccinated twice 2 wk apart with 2 ml of vaccine (vac group) and the remaining a ...	1999	10231755
critica: coding region identification tool invoking comparative analysis.	gene recognition is essential to understanding existing and future dna sequence data. critica (coding region identification tool invoking comparative analysis) is a suite of programs for identifying likely protein-coding sequences in dna by combining comparative analysis of dna sequences with more common noncomparative methods. in the comparative component of the analysis, regions of dna are aligned with related sequences from the dna databases; if the translation of the aligned sequences has gr ...	1999	10331277
clinical and microbiological study of an otitis media outbreak in calves in a dairy herd.	on a dairy farm, otitis media was diagnosed in 64 suckler calves (21.8%) during a study period of 2 years, and in 10 calves (3.4%) in the third year. the inflammation was unilateral in 63 and bilateral in 11 calves. the affected calves were dull, lacked appetite, were pyrexic and displayed drooping ear or ears and tilted heads with purulent discharge exuding from the external ear canal. of the affected animals, 56 (87.5%) were aged between 3 and 8 weeks. morbidity was higher during the calving s ...	1999	10337235
lipopolysaccharide complexes with pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin.	the presence of lipopolysaccharide (lps) in gram-negative bacterial repeats-in-toxin (rtx) toxin preparations, as well as the harsh conditions required to remove it, suggests that lps may complex with rtx toxins. concentrated culture supernatant (ccs) preparations of the rtx toxin pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin (lkt) contained lkt and lps as the most prominent components, with lkt and lps constituting approximately 30 and 50% of the density of the silver-stained fraction on sodium dodecyl su ...	1999	10338500
cytokine profiles following interaction between bovine alveolar macrophages and pasteurella haemolytica.	pasteurella haemolytica is a gram negative bacterium frequently isolated from the lungs of calves suffering from a fibrinous pneumonic condition known as shipping fever. to understand the pathogenesis of this disease, we investigated the induction of cytokin gene expression in cultures of bovine alveolar macrophages (bam) stimulated with heat-killed p. haemolytica. northern blot analysis of total rna showed that p. haemolytica induced early, abundant, and consistent synthesis of il-1, tnf-alpha, ...	1999	10343061
cloning and characterization of the gene encoding pasteurella haemolytica fnrp, a regulator of the escherichia coli silent hemolysin shea.	a pasteurella haemolytica a1 gene was identified from a recombinant library clone that expressed hemolysis in host escherichia coli cells. the gene, designated fnrp, had sequence identity to e. coli fnr, a global transcriptional regulator of genes required for conversion to anaerobic growth. fnrp complemented anaerobic deficiencies of a fnr-null mutant strain of e. coli and increased expression of the fnr-dependent, anaerobic terminal reductase gene, frda. fnrp was purified, identified by immuno ...	1999	10368164
serotypes and electrophoretic protein profiles of pasteurella haemolytica isolated from pneumonic ovine lungs.	serotypes and sds-page protein profiles of p. haemolytica isolated from pneumonic ovine lungs were investigated. of 268 p. haemolytica isolates, 232 (86.6%) were serotypable. a total of 12 serotypes were recognized in 20 different geographic origins of central turkey. the most common serotype was a2, followed by a7, a1 and t4. serotypes a13, a14, a16 and t15 could not be detected. in sds-page, marked differences between major bands of biotype a and t strains were found. in numerical analysis of ...	1999	10379102
serotypes of pasteurella haemolytica and pasteurella trehalosi isolated from farm animals in hungary.	the biochemical and serological characteristics of 486 p. haemolytica and 31 p. trehalosi strains (517 in total) isolated from different lesions of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry were examined. a total of 476 p. haemolytica strains (97.9%) showed the characteristics typical of the former biotype a of p. haemolytica, while 10 isolates (2.1%), all from poultry, could not be biotyped. a total of 481 strains (93.0%) could be assigned to one of the 17 serotypes of p. haemolytica-p. trehalosi ...	1999	10379234
conservation of expression and n-terminal sequences of the pasteurella haemolytica 31-kilodalton and pasteurella trehalosi 29-kilodalton periplasmic iron-regulated proteins.	this study examined the conservation of expression of a 31-kda iron-regulated protein by serotypes of pasteurella haemolytica and pasteurella trehalosi associated with pasteurellosis of cattle and sheep. a polyclonal antibody prepared against the purified 31-kda periplasmic iron-regulated protein from p. haemolytica serotype a1 showed that all p. haemolytica serotypes expressed similar 31-kda proteins with identical n-terminal sequences, whereas p. trehalosi serotypes expressed immunologically d ...	1999	10391874
bovine cd18 identified as a species specific receptor for pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin.	ligand blotting of pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin (lkt) susceptible bl3 bovine lymphoma cell membranes with lkt detected two putative receptors with mr of 95 and 100 kda, whereas no lkt binding to membrane proteins was detected for lkt non-susceptible human leukemic cells. anti-bovine cd18 and cd11a/cd18 mab recognized 95 and 100kda bands from bl3 cell membranes. cd18 isolated from bl3 cell membranes bound lkt. pre-incubation of bl3 cells with anti-bovine cd18 or cd11a/cd18 mab caused partia ...	1999	10414364
role of phospholipase d in pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin-induced increase in phospholipase a(2) activity in bovine neutrophils.	the effects of pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin (lkt) on the activity of phospholipase d (pld) and the regulatory interaction between pld and phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) were investigated in assays using isolated bovine neutrophils labeled with tritiated phospholipid substrates of the two enzymes. exposure of [(3)h]lysophosphatidylcholine-labeled neutrophils to lkt caused concentration- and time-dependent production of phosphatidic acid (pa), the product of pld. lkt-induced generation of pa wa ...	1999	10417136
use of tunel staining to detect apoptotic cells in the lungs of cattle experimentally infected with pasteurella haemolytica.	lung sections taken from calves with experimental pasteurella haemolytica respiratory infection exhibited increased numbers of tunel positive cells with time after challenge. this finding suggests that p. haemolytica, or toxins and other components released by the organism, induces apoptosis in bovine leukocytes in vivo. by so doing this might impair host defense and contribute in part to the severe pneumonia that characterizes bovine pasteurellosis.	1999	10455008
molecular cloning of the pasteurella haemolytica poma gene and identification of bovine antibodies against poma surface domains.	the gene (poma) encoding poma, an ompa-like major outer membrane protein of the bovine respiratory pathogen pasteurella haemolytica, was cloned, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. the deduced amino acid sequence of poma has significant identity with the sequences of other ompa family proteins. absorption of three different bovine immune sera with whole p. haemolytica cells resulted in a reduction of bovine immunoglobulin g reactivity with recombinant poma in western immunoblots, suggest ...	1999	10456961
postantibiotic and physiological effects of tilmicosin, tylosin, and apramycin at subminimal and suprainhibitory concentrations on some swine and bovine respiratory tract pathogens.	the antimicrobial activity of tilmicosin, tylosin, and apramycin on some important gram-negative swine and bovine pathogens namely, pasteurella multocida, pasteurella haemolytica, bordetella bronchiseptica, and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were studied in vitro. the effect of minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) and sub-mics (1/4, 1/2 mic) on bacterial growth was evaluated. the presence of tilmicosin, tylosin and apramycin in the medium decreased the rate of growth of the bacterial strain ...	1999	10461841
the leukotoxin of pasteurella haemolytica binds to beta(2) integrins on bovine leukocytes.	the putative receptor proteins of pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin were isolated from bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophil lysate by affinity chromatography on a leukotoxin-specific monoclonal antibody column to which the leukotoxin was pre-bound. sds-page of the purified proteins showed four bands at 180 kda, 170 kda, 150 kda and 95 kda, in addition to the expected 102-kda leukotoxin band and a series of bands with molecular masses lower than 102 kda representing the disintegrated leukotoxin. ...	1999	10481101
expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in spontaneous bovine bronchopneumonia.	the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), major histocompatibility class ii molecules (mhc-ii), cd68, and the calcium-binding proteins s100a8 and s100a9 (also called mrp8 and mrp14, respectively) was assessed in lung tissues from cattle that succumbed to pneumonia. expression patterns of these markers were related to the types of lung lesion. inos expression was only observed in lungs infected with arcanobacterium pyogenes or pasteurella haemolytica but not in lungs from cattle w ...	1999	10490207
in situ expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1) mrna in calves with acute pasteurella haemolytica pneumonia.	the in situ expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1) mrna in normal and pneumonic lung tissues of holstein calves with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (blad) was compared with that of age-matched non-blad holstein calves by in situ hybridization. twenty-four holstein calves (both blad and non-blad) were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups and inoculated intrabronchially with pasteurella haemolytica or pyrogen-free saline. lung tissues were collected and fixed ...	1999	10490211
protective capacity of the pasteurella haemolytica transferrin-binding proteins tbpa and tbpb in cattle.	the transferrin-binding proteins tbpa and tbpb from pasteurella haemolytica biotype a serotype 1 were tested for their ability to confer protection against experimental p. haemolytica infection when administered to calves in vaccine formulations containing one or both antigens. vaccine groups included tbpb (single immunization), tbpb (two immunizations), tbpa, tbpa+tbpb and a placebo. all animals that received tbpb had measurable antibody titres against the antigen at the time of challenge, whil ...	1999	10502460
bacterial phylogenetic clusters revealed by genome structure.	current bacterial taxonomy is mostly based on phenotypic criteria, which may yield misleading interpretations in classification and identification. as a result, bacteria not closely related may be grouped together as a genus or species. for pathogenic bacteria, incorrect classification or misidentification could be disastrous. there is therefore an urgent need for appropriate methodologies to classify bacteria according to phylogeny and corresponding new approaches that permit their rapid and ac ...	1999	10542177
reduced serum lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity and cholesteryl ester concentration in calves experimentally inoculated with pasteurella haemolytica and bovine herpes virus-1.	lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (lcat), the enzyme responsible for esterification of cholesterol in plasma, is reported to be implicated in the regulation of inflammation in laboratory animals. the purpose of the present study was to elucidate the possible relevance of lcat in the pathogenesis of calf pneumonia induced by inoculations of pasteurella haemolytica and bovine herpes virus-1 into the calf lung. serum lcat activity was significantly (p < 0.01) reduced in calves inoculated with pa ...	1999	10563286
anionic antimicrobial peptide-lysozyme interactions in innate pulmonary immunity.	the respiratory tract contains numerous antimicrobial factors necessary for normal innate pulmonary defense. although many of these molecules reside in airway surface liquid (asl) simultaneously, little information exists concerning antagonistic, additive, or synergistic interactions. since both cationic lysozyme and anionic antimicrobial peptides (ap) are found in high concentrations in asl, the purpose of this study was to assess any interaction that might affect antimicrobial activity. for th ...	1999	10563404
detection of annexin i and iv and haptoglobin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from calves experimentally inoculated with pasteurella haemolytica.	to determine whether annexins or haptoglobin could be detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid specimens obtained from calves experimentally inoculated with pasteurella haemolytica.	1999	10566814
use of a polymerase chain reaction method to detect the leukotoxin gene lkta in biogroup and biovariant isolates of pasteurella haemolytica and p trehalosi.	to determine whether pasteurella haemolytica and p trehalosi isolates possess the structural gene for pasteurella leukotoxin lkta and whether beta-hemolytic activity of these isolates correlated with detection of the lkta gene.	1999	10566816
correlation of pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin binding with susceptibility to intoxication of lymphoid cells from various species.	pasteurella haemolytica, the causative agent of shipping fever pneumonia in cattle, produces a leukotoxin (lkt) which lyses ruminant leukocytes with high efficiency but is reputed to not affect leukocytes from nonruminant species. in this study, we tested the supposition that lkt binding correlates positively with susceptibility to intoxication of susceptible isolated bovine lymphocytes and lymphoma tissue culture cells (bl3 cells) and negatively with reputed nonsusceptible equine, porcine, and ...	1999	10569736
purification and characterization of an adhesin from pasteurella haemolytica.	we purified an adhesin from pasteurella. haemolytica by affinity chromatography using glutaraldehyde treated rabbit erythrocytes stroma. the adhesin is a protein of 68 kda, as determined by sds-page, and the most abundant amino acids constituting this protein were gly, ser, glx, and ala, and low concentrations of cys, met, and tyr residues were also found. the n-terminal sequence of the adhesin is anevnvyiykqpyli. no carbohydrate residues were detected. the adhesin agglutinated rabbit erythrocyt ...	2000	10570221
studies on the respiratory disease 'sonbobe' in camels in the eastern lowlands of ethiopia.	new epidemics of respiratory disease have caused 29.6 morbidity and 6.4% mortality in camels in the somalia region of ethiopia. the major clinical signs observed were fever of 40-41.5 degrees c, depression, cough, loss of appetite and a watery nasal discharge that became mucopurulent at a later stage. finally, the camel became recumbent and extended its neck straight along the ground. some of the animals died within 8-9 days. the major post-mortem lesions were hydrothorax, adhesion of the lung t ...	1999	10599129
lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 is a receptor for pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin in bovine leukocytes.	pasteurella (mannheimia) haemolytica leukotoxin (lkt) causes cell type- and species-specific effects in ruminant leukocytes. recent studies indicate that p. haemolytica lkt binds to bovine cd18, the common subunit of all beta2 integrins. we designed experiments with the following objectives: to identify which member of the beta2 integrins is a receptor for lkt; to determine whether lkt binding to the receptor is target cell (bovine leukocytes) specific; to define the relationships between lkt bi ...	2000	10603370
comparison of pasteurella spp. simultaneously isolated from nasal and transtracheal swabs from cattle with clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease.	twenty-four matched pairs of isolates of pasteurella haemolytica and three matched pairs of isolates of pasteurella multocida were isolated by using a nasal swab and a transtracheal swab from individual calves with clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease. the identity of each matched pair was confirmed biochemically and serologically. the similarity of the isolates obtained from a nasal swab and from a transtracheal swab was compared by using ribotyping and antibiotic susceptibility analyse ...	2000	10618110
ultrastructural characterization of apoptosis in bovine lymphocytes exposed to pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin.	to characterize ultrastructural changes of bovine lymphocytes exposed to pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin (lkt).	2000	10630778
genomic structure of the rat major ap endonuclease gene (apex) with an adjacent putative o-sialoglycoprotease gene (prsmg1/gcpl1) and a processed apex pseudogene (apexp1).	genomic sequencing and chromosomal assignment of the gene encoding rat apex nuclease, a multifunctional dna repair enzyme, were performed. an active apex gene and a processed pseudogene were isolated from a rat genomic library. the active apex gene consists of 5 exons and 4 introns spanning 2.1 kb. the putative promoter region of the apex gene lacks the typical tata box, but contains caat boxes and a cpg island having putative binding sites for several transcription factors, such as sp1, ap-2, g ...	1999	10631378
in vitro microbiological characterization of novel cyclic homopentapeptides, cp-101,680 and cp-163,234, for animal health use.	two cyclic homopentapeptides, cp-101,680 and cp-163,234 [6a-(3',4'-dichlorophenylamino) analogs of viomycin and capreomycin, respectively], were identified as novel antibacterial agents for the treatment of animal disease, especially for livestock respiratory disease. the in vitro microbiological characterization of both cp-101,680 and cp-163,234 was carried out using their parent compounds, viomycin and capreomycin, as controls. this characterization included antibacterial spectrum, influence o ...	1999	10656573
evaluation of wzz/mpa1/mpa2 proteins based on the presence of coiled-coil regions.		2000	10658645
a stochastic partial-budget analysis of an experimental pasteurella haemolytica feedlot vaccine trial.	a field trial compared a modified pasteurella haemolytica biotype a serotype 1 leukotoxin vaccine to a commercial vaccine during march-july 1995 in a natal midlands, south african, feedlot. weaners/long weaners purchased by the feedlot were allocated systematically into test vaccine and control vaccine groups of 1241 and 1240 head, respectively, and fed in groups of approximately 200 head. morbidity and mortality were monitored until the animals were marketed. details of pleuritis and pneumonia ...	2000	10665949
the effects of dexamethasone on the response of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue to intranasal administration of formalin-killed pasteurella haemolytica a2 in goats.	a trial was conducted to observe the immediate and chronic effects in goats of dexamethasone administration on the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (balt) response to intranasal administration of formalin-killed pasteurella haemolytica a2. twenty-four goats were divided into four groups. those in group 1 were injected intramuscularly with 1 mg/kg dexamethasone on three consecutive days, followed by intranasal exposure to formalin-killed p. haemolytica a2 one day after the last dexamethasone t ...	1999	10672963
occurrence and structure-function relationship of pentameric short sequence repeats in microbial genomes.	it is suggested that genomes found in any form of cellular life contain potentially size-variable repetitive dna moieties. in eukaryotes, large proportions of the multi-chromosomal genome consist of various classes of repetitive dna. also in archaeal genomes, repetitive dna is encountered and, as is the case for the eukaryotes as well, little or no function is at present attributable to most of it. for prokaryotes, elegant experiments have highlighted so-called slipped strand nucleotide mispairi ...	1999	10673001
detection of annexins i and iv in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from calves inoculated with bovine herpes virus-1.	annexins are phospholipid-binding proteins and are abundant in the lung. annexins i and iv, but not ii and vi, have been detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluids from calves inoculated with pasteurella haemolytica, the pathogen for calf pneumonia. in this study, bal fluids from calves with experimental pneumonia induced by inoculation to right lung lobes of bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1), the major viral pathogen for pneumonia, were examined for detection of annexins i and iv. of 6 calves ...	2000	10676887
decreased apolipoprotein c-iii concentration in the high-density lipoprotein fraction from calves inoculated with pasteurella haemolytica and bovine herpes virus-1.	lipoprotein lipid and apoprotein concentrations are known to be altered during the acute-phase response. we have previously shown that the serum activity of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (lcat) and concentration of cholesteryl esters, both constituents of the high-density lipoprotein (hdl) fraction, are reduced in calves inoculated with pasteurella haemolytica and bovine herpes virus-1, the two major pathogens for calf pneumonia. the concentration of apolipoprotein c-iii (apoc-iii), a low ...	2000	10676889
immunogenicity of antigens in boiled alginate microspheres.	vaccine efficacy can be enhanced by delivery of antigens in synthetic microspheres. the process of antigen incorporation into microspheres can expose fragile antigens to damaging conditions, such as high temperatures, and to bacterial contamination. maintenance of immunogenicity of several antigens and reduction of bacterial load in alginate microspheres following boiling was evaluated. mice were immunized subcutaneously, initially and again 21 days later, with either non-boiled or boiled micros ...	2000	10680608
vaccination of neonatal colostrum-deprived calves against pasteurella haemolytica a1.	colostrum-deprived holstein calves were vaccinated at 2 and 4 wk of age with a pasteurella haemolytica a1 culture supernatant vaccine to determine whether active immune responses and protection could be induced in this age group in the absence of maternal antibodies. all calves responded to vaccination with high titers of igm antibodies to capsular polysaccharide within 1 wk of primary vaccination. mean titers of igg1 and igg2 antibodies to this antigen increased significantly by 2 wk after seco ...	2000	10680649
effects of delivery method on serological responses of bighorn sheep to a multivalent pasteurella haemolytica supernatant vaccine.	the safety and efficacy of a remotely delivered multivalent pasteurella haemolytica supernatant vaccine (serotypes a2 and t10) were examined in captive rocky, mountain bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis). twenty bighorn sheep were grouped according to baseline leukotoxin neutralizing antibody titers (< or =2 or >2 log2(-1)) and vaccination history (previously vaccinated or unvaccinated). within these groups, animals were randomly assigned to one of two delivery treatments: hand injection ...	2000	10682747
ultrastructure of pasteurella haemolytica-induced changes in gnotobiotic calf lung.	gnotobiotic calves born and maintained in a germ-free environment until inoculated with a pathogen are model animals for studying the progression of a specific disease, such as pneumonic pasteurellosis. to investigate early progression of pneumonic pasteurellosis, we compared the ultrastructure of regions of gas-exchange in the lungs of three challenge-exposed and three uninoculated control gnotobiotic calves. three calves were inoculated endobronchially with a bolus of 7.9 x 10(10) cfu of paste ...	1999	10685387
development of an in vitro fluorometric assay to study adherence of pasteurella haemolytica to bovine cells.	to develop an in vitro fluorometric assay to assess pasteurella haemolytica adherence to bovine respiratory and epithelial cells and compare adherence of single strains of p. haemolytica serovars a1 and a2 (pha1 and pha2, respectively).	2000	10685682
the production and evaluation of pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin in the supernatant of submerged cultures in fermenters.	the optimal production of p. haemolytica leukotoxin in the culture supernatant of a fluid medium is dependent on a number of factors. the leukotoxin has to be produced by using a strain that is known for its ability to produce high quantities of leukotoxin, inoculated into the most suitable type of medium at the correct culture density containing the necessary supplements and harvested after a certain growth period. the volume in which it is produced may also have an influence. two different pro ...	1999	10689699
cell adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of and host defence against microbial infection.	eukaryotic cell adhesion molecules (cams) are used by various cells and extracellular molecules in host defence against infection. they are involved in many processes including recognition by circulating phagocytes of a site of inflammation, transmigration through the endothelial barrier, diapedesis through basement membrane and extracellular matrix, and release of effector mechanisms at the infected site. cams involved in leucocyte-endothelial cell interaction include the selectins, integrins, ...	1999	10694943
effects of il-12 on immune responses induced by transcutaneous immunization with antigens formulated in a novel lipid-based biphasic delivery system.	the development of non-invasive methods for the delivery of proteins through the permeability barriers, such as the intact skin, will greatly facilitate the administration of human and veterinary vaccines. in the present study we used recombinant pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin (lkt) and hen egg lysozyme (hel) as model antigens to investigate the ability of transdermal administration of vaccine antigens to induce humoral and cellular responses in mice and to assess the immunomodulatory effect ...	2000	10699333
role of platelet-activating factor in alveolar septal injury associated with experimentally induced pneumonic pasteurellosis in calves.	to determine whether platelet-activating factor (paf) is involved in acute lung microvascular injury associated with pneumonic pasteurellosis in calves.	2000	10714514
[in vitro activity of 12 antibiotics used in veterinary medicine against mannheimia haemolytica and pasteurella multocida isolated from calves in the netherlands].	results of susceptibility tests of clinical isolates of animal pathogens are periodically summarized and reported by the animal health service. however, these results are based upon qualitative test methods. in the present paper results of quantitative susceptibility tests of twelve antibacterial agents against mannheimia haemolytica (mha) and pasteurella multocida (pmu) isolated from dutch calves in 1996 and 1997 are presented. minimum inhibitory concentrations of amoxicillin, ceftiofur, tetrac ...	2000	10730339
efficacy of an outer membrane protein of pasteurella haemolytica a2, a7 or a9-enriched vaccine against intratracheal challenge exposure in sheep.	the outer membrane proteins (omp) were extracted from the p. haemolytica a2, a7 and a9 to determine their potential as immunogens and their capability for cross-protection. sixty lambs of approximately 9 months old were divided into four main groups. animals in group 1 were vaccinated with 2ml vaccine containing 100microg/ml of the outer membrane proteins of p. haemolytica a2. animals in group 2 were similarly vaccinated with the omps of p. haemolytica a7 while group 3 with omps of p. haemolytic ...	2000	10731614
cloning and characterization of the lipooligosaccharide galactosyltransferase ii gene of haemophilus ducreyi.	haemophilus ducreyi is the etiologic agent of chancroid, a genital ulcer disease. the lipooligosaccharide (los) is considered to be a major virulence determinant and has been implicated in the adherence of h. ducreyi to keratinocytes. strain a77, an isolate from the paris collection, is serum sensitive, poorly adherent to fibroblasts, and deficient in microcolony formation. structural analysis indicates that the los of strain a77 lacks the galactose residue found in the n-acetyllactosamine porti ...	2000	10735874
functional analysis of plp1 and plp2, two homologues of phosducin in yeast.	mammalian phosducins are known to bind g protein betagamma subunits in vitro, and are postulated to regulate their signaling function in vivo. here we describe two homologues of phosducin in yeast, called plp1 and plp2. both gene products were cloned, expressed, and purified as glutathione s-transferase fusions. of the two isoforms, plp1 bound most preferentially to gbetagamma. binding was enhanced by pheromone stimulation and by the addition of gtpgammas, conditions that favor dissociation of g ...	2000	10749875
association among filamentous actin content, cd11b expression, and membrane deformability in stimulated and unstimulated bovine neutrophils.	to investigate rheologic properties of bovine neutrophils that may result in adhesion molecule-independent sequestration of neutrophils in inflamed lungs of cattle.	2000	10772101
fnrp interactions with the pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin promoter.	pasteurella haemolytica fnrp is homologous to fnr, the global transcriptional regulator of anaerobic respiration in escherichia coli. to investigate the role of o(2) in the expression of p. haemolytica leukotoxin, we tested a lktc::lacz fusion constructed in e. coli for a fnrp-mediated regulatory effect under aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions. both e. coli fnr and fnrp suppressed leukotoxin transcription under aerobic conditions. under anaerobic conditions, fnr suppressed transcription, wh ...	2000	10779715
evaluation of structural and functional alterations of circulating neutrophils in calves with experimentally induced pneumonic pasteurellosis.	to determine the structural and functional alterations in circulating neutrophils that may lead to sequestration in lung microvasculature and endothelial injury in calves with experimentally induced pneumonic pasteurellosis.	1999	10791946
effects of tilmicosin treatment on pasteurella haemolytica organisms in nasal secretion specimens of calves with respiratory tract disease.	to determine the effect of tilmicosin treatment on number of pasteurella haemolytica (ph) organisms in nasal secretion specimens of calves with respiratory tract disease.	2000	10803647
a 24-kda cloned zinc metalloprotease from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is common to all serotypes and cleaves actin in vitro.	actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causes pleuropneumonia in swine. this bacterium secretes proteases that degrade porcine hemoglobin and iga in vitro. to further characterize a. pleuropneumoniae proteases, we constructed a genomic library expressed in escherichia coli dh5alpha, and selected a clone that showed proteolytic activity. the recombinant plasmid carries an 800-base pair a. pleuropneumoniae gene sequence that.codes for a 24-kda polypeptide. a 350-base pair psti fragment from the sequence ...	2000	10805246
the potential role of the arthus and shwartzman reactions in the pathogenesis of pneumonic pasteurellosis.	pneumonic pasteurellosis (pp) is an economically important disease in cattle, sheep, and goats. pasteurella haemolytica is commonly isolated from the severe fibrinopurulent pneumonia that characterize this respiratory syndrome. during infection, the bacteria produce leukotoxin (lkt) and lipopolysaccharide (lps), both potent inducers of inflammation. nonetheless, it has also been demonstrated that an exacerbated host's inflammatory response is responsible for the severe lung damage. despite resea ...	2000	10807496
isolation of respiratory bovine coronavirus, other cytocidal viruses, and pasteurella spp from cattle involved in two natural outbreaks of shipping fever.	to identify cytocidal viruses and pasteurella spp that could be isolated from cattle involved in 2 natural outbreaks of shipping fever.	2000	10825949
apx toxins in pasteurellaceae species from animals.	pasteurellaceae species particularly of porcine origin which are closely related to actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were analyzed for the presence of analogues to the major a. pleuropneumoniae rtx toxin genes, apxicabd, apxiica and apxiiicabd and for their expression. actinobacillus suis contains both apxicabd(var.suis) and apxiica(var. suis) operons and was shown to produce apxi and apxii toxin. actinobacillus rossii contained the operons apxiica(var.rossii) and apxiiicabd(var.rossii). however, ...	2000	10831858
the lactoperoxidase system functions in bacterial clearance of airways.	airway mucus is a complex mixture of secretory products that provides a multifaceted defense against pulmonary infection. mucus contains antimicrobial peptides (e.g., defensins) and enzymes (e.g., lysozyme) although the contribution of these to airway sterility has not been tested in vivo. we have previously shown that an enzymatically active, heme-containing peroxidase comprises 1% of the soluble protein in sheep airway secretions, and it has been hypothesized that this airway peroxidase may fu ...	2000	10837362
epidemiology of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in cattle in south-east ethiopia.	the aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of infectious keratoconjunctivitis on cross-breed dairy farms and to evaluate factors that influence its distribution. a total of 11 dairy farms and one cattle cross-breeding farm in different parts of arsi region, south-east ethiopia were clinically and bacteriologically investigated from february 1989 to december 1990. out of 5221 local zebu and cross-breed dairy animals, 110 were found to have different degrees of infectious bovine keratoco ...	2000	10842466
dna-dna hybridization determined in micro-wells using covalent attachment of dna.	the present study was aimed at reducing the time and labour used to perform dna-dna hybridizations for classification of bacteria at the species level. a micro-well-format dna hybridization method was developed and validated. dna extractions were performed by a small-scale method and dna was sheared mechanically into fragments of between 400 and 700 bases. the hybridization conditions were calibrated according to dna similarities obtained by the spectrophotometric method using strains within the ...	2000	10843050
efficacy of difloxacin in calves experimentally infected with mannheimia haemolytica.	to determine the efficacy of difloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone antibiotic, in calves experimentally infected with mannheimia haemolytica (formerly pasteurella haemolytica).	2000	10850850
experimentally induced pneumonia in scid/beige mice, using a bovine isolate of pasteurella haemolytica.	intranasal challenge of immunocompetent mice with pasteurella haemolytica results in little or no pulmonary inflammation. the study reported here was designed to investigate the inflammatory response in the lungs of immunodeficient scid/beige mice after similar challenge.	2000	10857006
inactivation of pasteurella (mannheimia) haemolytica leukotoxin causes partial attenuation of virulence in a calf challenge model.	the leukotoxin of pasteurella (mannheimia) haemolytica is believed to play a significant role in pathogenesis, causing cell lysis and apoptosis that lead to the lung pathology characteristic of bovine shipping fever. using a system for cre-lox recombination, a nonpolar mutation within the lktc transacylase gene of the leukotoxin operon was created. the lktc locus was insertionally inactivated using a loxp-aph3-loxp cassette, and then the aph3 marker was excised from the chromosome by cre recombi ...	2000	10858203
influence of beta(2)-integrin adhesion molecule expression and pulmonary infection with pasteurella haemolytica on cytokine gene expression in cattle.	beta(2)-integrins are leukocyte adhesion molecules composed of alpha (cd11a, -b, -c, or -d) and beta (cd18) subunit heterodimers. genetic cd18 deficiency results in impaired neutrophil egress into tissues that varies between conducting airways and alveoli of the lung. in this study, we investigated whether cd18 deficiency in cattle affects proinflammatory cytokine (pic) expression in pulmonary tissue after respiratory infection with pasteurella haemolytica. cattle were infected with p. haemolyti ...	2000	10858245
role of pasteurella multocida, pasteurella haemolytica and salmonella typhimurium porins on inducible nitric oxide release by murine macrophages.	the aim of this study was to verify whether pasteurella haemolytica, p. multocida and salmonella typhimurium porins could affect the inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) expression and nitric oxide (no) release by murine resident peritoneal macrophages in vitro. we also compared their effect with that elicited by p. haemolytica, p. multocida and s. typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (lps) whose biological activity is well known. variations in no release and inos mrna expression due to variable con ...	2000	10865949
interalveolar septal changes with pasteurella haemolytica-induced pneumonia in exertion-stressed calves.	this study compared the effects of exertion stress and exertion stress combined with p. haemolytica infection on cells in the pulmonary capillaries and interalveolar septa adjacent to pneumonic lung. two calves stood on an anamill treadmill to serve as nonexercised controls and four calves were run to exhaustion (exertion-stressed) on the treadmill. two of these four calves were inoculated endobronchially with 5 x 10(9) cfu of virulent pasteurella haemolytica immediately following treadmill exer ...	2000	10877099
reduction of pulmonary mast cells in areas of acute inflammation in calves with mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica pneumonia.	mast cells in the left cranial pulmonary lobe of colostrum-deprived neonatal calves were quantified 2 and 6 h after intrabronchial inoculation with mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica a1. the mast cells were detected (1) immunohistochemically with a mouse anti-human mast cell tryptase monoclonal antibody, and (2) by metachromatic staining with low ph toluidine blue. a greater number of mast cells was demonstrated by the second method than by the first. at 6 h after inoculation, but not at 2 h, ...	2000	10906253
[mechanisms of pathogenicity and adhesion in pasteurella haemolytica].	pasteurella haemolytica is one of the bacteria most commonly isolated from pneumonic cases in ruminants. some of the mechanisms and factors involved in the pathogenesis of the disease are partially documented; and the early stages of bacterial colonization have not been totally clarified. therefore a review is presented in this paper, particularly related with the mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity responsible of pulmonary damage to ruminants, as well as a detailed analysis of the adherence p ...	1999	10932756
bovine viral diarrhea viral infections in feeder calves with respiratory disease: interactions with pasteurella spp., parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus.	the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections was determined in a group of stocker calves suffering from acute respiratory disease. the calves were assembled after purchase from tennessee auctions and transported to western texas. of the 120 calves, 105 (87.5%) were treated for respiratory disease. sixteen calves died during the study (13.3%). the calves received a modified live virus bhv-1 vaccine on day 0 of the study. during the study, approximately 5 wk in duration, sera fr ...	2000	10935880
responses to aggregating agents after cleavage of gpib of human platelets by the o-sialoglycoprotein endoprotease from pasteurella haemolytica- potential surrogates for bernard-soulier platelets?	most proteolytic enzymes that cleave glycoprotein lb (gplb) also cleave other glycoproteins or receptors on the surface of platelets. we have used an o-sialoglycoprotein endoprotease from pasteurella haemolytica that selectively cleaves the heavily o-glycosylated gplb, but does not cleave n-linked glycoproteins or unglycosylated proteins. isolated, [14c]serotonin-labeled platelets in tyrode-albumin solution were incubated with 10 microg/ml endoprotease for 60 minutes at 37 degrees c. these plate ...	2000	10946090
tilmicosin induces apoptosis in bovine peripheral neutrophils in the presence or in the absence of pasteurella haemolytica and promotes neutrophil phagocytosis by macrophages.	pathogen virulence factors and inflammation are responsible for tissue injury associated with respiratory failure in bacterial pneumonia, as seen in the bovine lung infected with pasteurella haemolytica. tilmicosin is a macrolide antibiotic used for the treatment of bovine bacterial pneumonia. recent evidence suggests that tilmicosin-induced neutrophil apoptosis may have anti-inflammatory effects. using bovine leukocytes, we sought to define whether live p. haemolytica affected tilmicosin-induce ...	2000	10952596
response of the ruminant respiratory tract to mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica.	pneumonia is a leading cause of loss to the sheep and cattle industry throughout the world. mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica is one of the most important respiratory pathogens of domestic ruminants and causes serious outbreaks of acute pneumonia in neonatal, weaned and growing lambs, calves, and goats. m. haemolytica is also an important cause of pneumonia in adult animals. transportation, viral infections with agents such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, parainfluenza-3 virus or ...	2000	10967288
coronavirus and pasteurella infections in bovine shipping fever pneumonia and evans' criteria for causation.	respiratory tract infections with viruses and pasteurella spp. were determined sequentially among 26 cattle that died during two severe epizootics of shipping fever pneumonia. nasal swab and serum samples were collected prior to onset of the epizootics, during disease progression, and after death, when necropsies were performed and lung samples were collected. eighteen normal control cattle also were sampled at the beginning of the epizootics as well as at weekly intervals for 4 weeks. respirato ...	2000	10970373
identification of the gene encoding bmpb, a 30 kda outer envelope lipoprotein of brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae, and immunogenicity of recombinant bmpb in mice and pigs.	a gene encoding a 30kda outer envelope protein of the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae, was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli strain xlolr. five phagemids containing dna inserts encoding the protein were established and one clone (psha) was sequenced. an 816bp hypothetical open reading frame (orf) was identified, with a potential ribosome binding site (aggag), and putative -10 (tataat) and -35 (ttgaaa) promoter regions upstream from the atg start of the orf. a ...	2000	10973699
recombinant bovine interleukin-1beta amplifies the effects of partially purified pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin on bovine neutrophils in a beta(2)-integrin-dependent manner.	the influx and death of polymorphonuclear leukocytes within the infected lung are hallmarks of bovine pasteurellosis. recent reports have shown that the pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin (lkt) and other rtx toxins bind beta(2)-integrins on target cells. in this study we demonstrate that exposure of bovine neutrophils to recombinant bovine interleukin-1beta upregulates beta(2)-integrins (cd11a/cd18), which in turn enhance the binding and amplify the biological effects of partially purified lkt o ...	2000	10992457
a comparative study of the pathogenesis of malabsorption syndrome in broilers.	five malabsorption syndrome (mas) homogenates from the netherlands and germany were used to reproduce mas in broilers. we studied the histopathology after inoculation of 1-day-old broiler chicks and the agents that might be involved. generally, the mas homogenates induced signs that differed in severity and pathobiology. we could distinguish and classify the inoculated groups best by histopathology: proventriculitis, lesions in the small intestines in combination with proventriculitis, or lesion ...	2000	11007003
immunohistochemical characterization of calf pneumonia produced by the combined endobronchial administration of bovine herpesvirus 1 and pasteurella haemolytica.	ten calves ("group 4") were inoculated endobronchially with pasteurella haemolytica 4 days after inoculation with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1). four calves (group 3) were similarly inoculated with p. haemolytica alone, and three (group 2) with bhv-1 alone. all group 4 animals showed severe respiratory signs and had bilateral lobar pneumonia; one died 6 days after inoculation with p. haemolytica. two types of pneumonic lesion were observed. one was characterized by interlobular and interstitial l ...	2000	11032665
tilmicosin does not inhibit interleukin-8 gene expression in the bovine lung experimentally infected with mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica.	the expression of the interleukin-8 (il-8) gene was examined by in situ hybridization in lung tissues from calves experimentally infected with mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica and treated with tilmicosin. interleukin-8 mrna expression was detected in alveolar areas, particularly along interlobular septa, in the lumen, and in the epithelial cells of some bronchioles. in lesional lung tissues from animals that had received tilmicosin, we found large areas with limited inflammation. there was n ...	2000	11041503
purification and characterization of the pasteurella haemolytica 35 kilodalton periplasmic iron-regulated protein.	pasteurella haemolytica serovar a1 is the causative agent of acute fibrinohemorrhagic pneumonia also known as shipping fever. many pathogens, including p. haemolytica, survive in their respective hosts through the up-regulation of an iron acquisition system. in this study we identified, purified and characterized a 35-kda periplasmic iron-regulated protein. the n-terminal sequence of the iron-regulated protein anevnvysyrqp yliepmlk was identical to the deduced amino acid sequence of the ferric b ...	2000	11065279
adhesion molecules involved in transendothelial migration of human hematopoietic progenitor cells.	in the process of homing, cd34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells migrate across the bone marrow endothelium in response to stromal cell-derived factor (sdf)-1. to develop more efficient stem cell transplantation procedures, it is important to define the adhesion molecules involved in the homing process. here, we identified the adhesion molecules that control the migration of primary human cd34(+) cells across human bone marrow endothelial cells. migration of cd34(+) cells is enhanced across inte ...	2000	11072032
conglutinin and immunoconglutinin titers in stressed calves in a feedlot.	to determine whether increased conglutinin titers are evident in stressed calves that do not develop respiratory tract disease in feedlots, compared with respiratory tract disease, and to determine the increase in immunoconglutinin titers.	2000	11108187
serotyping of mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica isolates from the upper midwest united states.	mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica biotype a serotype1 (a1) is the primary bacterial agent responsible for the clinical signs and pathophysiologic events in bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. the goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of other serotypes of m. haemolytica biotype a organisms obtained from the upper midwest diagnostic laboratories. a total of 147 m. haemolytica isolates were collected from minnesota, south dakota, and michigan. isolates were tested against m. haemolyti ...	2000	11108463
contig selection in physical mapping.	in physical mapping, one orders a set of genetic landmarks or a library of cloned fragments of dna according to their position in the genome. our approach to physical mapping divides the problem into smaller and easier subproblems by partitioning the probe set into independent parts (probe contigs). for this purpose we introduce a new distance function between probes, the averaged rank distance (ard) derived from bootstrap resampling of the raw data. the ard measures the pairwise distances of pr ...	2000	11108470
isolation of bacteria from toxic dinoflagellate alexandrium minutum and their effects on algae toxicity.	attempts were made to isolate the bacteria from toxic dinoflagellate alexandrium minutum t1 and to study the effect of these bacteria on the growth and toxicity of a. minutum t1. it was found that intracellular bacterial species including pasteurella haemolytica, pseudomonas vesicularis, and sphingomonas sp., and extracellular bacterial species including pasteurolla pneumotropica, morganella wisconsensis, flavobacterium oryzihabitans, pseudomonas pseudomallei, and sphingomonas sp. all of them we ...	2000	11126517
the influence of mannheimia haemolytica a1 seed culture inoculum cell density on the production of leukotoxin in submerged culture supernatant.	mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin is produced during the logarithmic growth phase in submerged culture in rpmi 1640 medium with and without the addition of foetal calf serum or albumin. in order to establish a pattern of optimal leukotoxin production in small volumes in submerged cultures and to define some parameters involved, two high leukotoxin producing mannheimia haemolytica strains were grown in rpmi 1640 medium containing either fcs or bsa. the cell growth and leukotoxin production abilit ...	2000	11131122
effects of tilmicosin phosphate, administered prior to transport or at time of arrival, and feeding of chlortetracycline, after arrival in a feedlot, on mannheimia haemolytica in nasal secretions of transported steers.	to determine effects of time of administration of tilmicosin and feeding of chlortetracycline on colonization of the nasopharynx of transported cattle by mannheimia haemolytica (mh).	2000	11131584
sequence diversity and molecular evolution of the leukotoxin (lkta) gene in bovine and ovine strains of mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica.	the molecular evolution of the leukotoxin structural gene (lkta) of mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica was investigated by nucleotide sequence comparison of lkta in 31 bovine and ovine strains representing the various evolutionary lineages and serotypes of the species. eight major allelic variants (1.4 to 15.7% nucleotide divergence) were identified; these have mosaic structures of varying degrees of complexity reflecting a history of horizontal gene transfer and extensive intragenic recombina ...	2001	11157953
pasteurella (mannheimia) haemolytica leukotoxin-induced cytolysis of bovine leukocytes: role of arachidonic acid and its regulation.	pasteurella (mannheimia) haemolytica leukotoxin (lkt) is the major factor that contributes to lung injury in bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. lkt is a pore-forming exotoxin that has the unique property of inducing cytolysis only in ruminant leukocytes and platelets. cytolysis of many cell types is mediated by arachidonic acid (aa) and its generation by phospholipases is regulated by g-protein-coupled receptors. however, the contribution of lkt-induced aa generation to cytolysis and the signallin ...	2001	11162186
effects of mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin on apoptosis and oncosis of bovine neutrophils.	to investigate the concentration-dependent effects of mannheimia haemolytica (formerly pasteurella haemolytica) leukotoxin (lkt) on apoptosis and oncosis in bovine neutrophils and to examine the role of calcium ions (ca2+) in lkt-induced apoptosis.	2001	11197552
effects of the synthetic selectin inhibitor tbc1269 on tissue damage during acute mannheimia haemolytica-induced pneumonia in neonatal calves.	to determine effects of the selectin inhibitor tbc1269 on neutrophil-mediated pulmonary damage during acute mannheimia haemolytica-induced pneumonia in newborn calves.	2001	11197553
reduction in serum lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity in natural cases of pneumonia in calves.	in experimental calf pneumonia induced by inoculations of pasteurella haemolytica or bovine herpesvirus-1, lipoprotein lipid concentrations and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (lcat) activity decrease. the purpose of this study was to examine whether similar changes in lipoproteins occur in natural cases of calf pneumonia. when monitored in a time-course study, the activity of lcat, and the concentrations of free cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, phospholipids and triglycerides were steadily ...	2001	11214669
seasonal incidence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pasteurellaceae isolated from american bison (bison bison).	ninety pharyngeal tonsils were collected from 2-year-old american bison (bison bison) bulls and sampled for members of the pasteurellaceae family. particular attention was paid to seasonal incidence and antimicrobial resistance in serotypes and biovariants. multiple strains of pasteurella haemolytica (39%), p. trehalosi (68%), p. multocida (34%) and haemophilus somnus (13%) were cultured from 86 out of the 90 (96%) tonsil samples. pasteurella trehalosi was the most common and evenly distributed ...	2001	11227200
a survey of camel (camelus dromedarius) diseases in jordan.	information on incidences of camel (camelus dromedarius) diseases in jordan is scarce. in this survey, 369 live and 156 slaughtered camels were examined in four jordanian geographic regions and the proportion of diseased camels was calculated. intestinal parasite ova were detected in 98% of camels; one or more species of external parasites were found on the skin of all camels; 33% had nasal myiasis; and hydatid cysts were identified in 44% of the slaughtered animals. sarcoptic mange (sarcoptes s ...	2000	11237140
the efficacy of oral vaccination of mice with alginate encapsulated outer membrane proteins of pasteurella haemolytica and one-shot.	the goal of this study was to examine the efficacy of oral delivery of alginate encapsulated outer membrane proteins (omp) of pasteurella haemolytica and a commercial one-shot vaccine in inducing protection in mice against lethal challenge with virulent p. haemolytica. we examined two alginate microsphere formulations and compared them with oral unencapsulated and subcutaneously administered vaccines. alginate microspheres were made by the emulsion-cross-linking technique. they were examined for ...	2001	11257403
evaluation of ewe vaccination as a tool for increasing bighorn lamb survival following pasteurellosis epizootics.	we conducted field and laboratory experiments to evaluate whether treating pregnant bighorn ewes with a combination of an experimental pasteurella trehalosi and mannheimia haemolytica (formerly p. haemolytica) vaccine and a commercially-available bovine p. multocida and m. haemolytica vaccine would increase lamb survival following a pneumonia epidemic. three free-ranging bighorn herds affected by pasteurellosis outbreaks between november 1995 and june 1996 were included in the field experiment. ...	2001	11272504