Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| furosemide-induced changes in plasma and blood volume of camels (camelus dromedarius). | this work examines the effect of treatment of camels with furosemide (1 or 2 mg/kg, intravenously) on blood volume (bv), plasma volume (pv) and the plasma concentrations of total solids (pts), plasma total protein (ptp) haemoglobin (hb) and haematocrit (pcv). the cumulative urine produced during the 4 h following furosemide administration (2 mg/kg) averaged 22.2 ml/kg, compared to 2.3 ml/kg in controls. none of the above parameters were significantly changed by furosemide treatment at either dos ... | 1997 | 9430773 |
| a comparative study of some drug-metabolizing enzymes in lungs of dromedary camels, desert sheep and nubian goats. | 1997 | 9430776 | |
| purification and partial characterization of camel anionic chymotrypsin. | an anionic chymotrypsin-like enzyme was isolated from a crude extract of camel pancreas by a three-step procedure consisting of anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. the purified enzyme was homogeneous on native and sds gel electrophoresis and on gel isoelectric focusing. its molecular mass was estimated as 28.5 kda and its isoelectric point was found to be 4.4. the enzyme differed markedly from bovine chymotrypsin a in its substrate specifici ... | 1997 | 9434749 |
| [the hunt for dromedary and camel. notification of incidents using mip-v (notification incidents patient care-nursing home)]. | 1997 | 9439244 | |
| investigation of the effect of lannate on kinetic parameters of acetylcholinesterase: slightly concave mixed-type of inhibition system. | the effect of lannate on kinetic parameters of camel retina acetylcholinesterase is investigated in the present study. the ks for the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide was found to be 0.086 mm in the control system; a value that increased in the lannate treated systems. the vmax was 0.853 mumole/min/mg protein for the control system while it decreased in the lannate treated systems. dixon as well as lineweaver-burk plots and their secondary replots indicated that the nature of the inhibitio ... | 1997 | 9442915 |
| [the dromedary: ancestry, history of domestication and medical treatment in early historic times]. | research on camel bones from archaeological excavations in north africa and the near east contradict the current opinion in textbooks that the dromedary and the bactrian camel are domesticated forms derived from a single species, the two-humped wild camel (c. ferus). the probable ancestor of the domestic one-humped camel is thomas' camel (c. thomasi). the wild dromedary was probably domesticated on the arabian peninsula, perhaps as early as the 4th millennium bc. from the 2nd millennium bc onwar ... | 1997 | 9451759 |
| diagnosis of chronic camel trypanosomosis by detection of the antibody of trypanosome tyrosine aminotransferase. | sera from animals with acute and chronic t. evansi infections were examined directly for trypanosome tyrosine aminotransferase activity and indirectly for the ability of these area from mice and camels with high parasitaemias contained significant levels of trypanosome tyrosine aminotransferase activity. in contrast the chronic sera from both mice and camels did not contain significant tyrosine aminotransferase activity but the chronic sera were able to neutralize the enzyme activity in trypanos ... | 1997 | 9451863 |
| detection of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus antibodies in humans and imported livestock in saudi arabia. | a survey of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus antibody, using the reversed passive haemagglutination inhibition test, was carried out in saudi arabia on sera from imported livestock at jeddah seaport, as well as humans who had contact with imported animals on farms and in quarantine stations. antibodies were detected in 3/354 (0.8%) humans, 88/2162 (4.1%) sheep, 14/432 (3.2%) goats and 1/182 (0.6%) cattle. camel and horse sera were negative. the sudanese small ruminants had the highest sero ... | 1997 | 9463660 |
| the specific variable domain of camel heavy-chain antibodies is encoded in the germline. | the variable domains of the functional heavy-chain antibodies (vhhs) discovered in camels are related to the human vh subgroup iii. they are nevertheless clearly distinguishable from the vhs of conventional four-chain immunoglobulins by the presence of important amino acid substitutions, located in the solvent-exposed surface normally covered by the variable domain of the light chain. the analysis of an unrearranged dromedary dna library revealed that the specific vhh gene with its characteristi ... | 1998 | 9466919 |
| genital myiasis (wohlfahrtiosis) in camel herds of mongolia. | genital infestations caused by wohlfahrtia magnifica (schiner, 1862) has been reported as being a common problem encountered in female camels in the gobi desert. thus, a field investigation to establish the prevalence of wohlfarthiosis in camel herds in the eastern gobi district was carried out between may and july 1994. the objectives of the study were to establish the relevance of genital myiasis, and to describe the disease patterns, clinical course and pathomorphological changes associated w ... | 1997 | 9477520 |
| tobacco industry promotion of cigarettes and adolescent smoking. | whether tobacco advertising and promotion increases the likelihood that youths will begin smoking has important public policy implications. | 1998 | 9480360 |
| mitochondrial genomic markers confirm the presence of the camel strain (g6 genotype) of echinococcus granulosus in north-western china. | twenty-eight isolates of e. granulosus, collected from humans at surgery, and a range of intermediate hosts, including sheep, cattle and camels from abattoirs in north and south xinjiang uygur autonomous region, people's republic of china, were analysed for dna sequence variation within regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase i (coi) and nadh dehydrogenase subunit i (ndi) genes. the isolates were categorized into 2 distinct and uniform genotypic groupings, based on the sequences obtain ... | 1998 | 9481771 |
| kinetics of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase inhibition by cis-diamminediaquaplatinum (ii). | this work addresses the kinetic studies for the interaction of cis-diamminediaquaplatinum (ii) ¿cis-[pt(nh3)2(h2o)2]2+¿, (ddp) with human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (ache). the ks for the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide (asch) by ache was 0.077 mm in the control system, the value decreased by 14-38% in the ddp treated systems. the vmax was 1.34 mumole/min/mg protein for the control system while it was decreased by 26-57% in the ddp treated systems. the lineweaver-burk plot, dixon pl ... | 1997 | 9494556 |
| evaluation of the nature of camel retinal acetylcholinesterase: inhibition by hexamethonium. | acetylcholinesterase (ache, ec 3.1.1.7) has been demonstrated in retinas of several species, however, the nature of the interaction of ache with specific inhibitors are very limited in the literature and the mode of inhibition of camel retinal ache by hexamethonium has been studied. hexamethonium reversibly inhibited ache in a concentration dependent manner, the ic50 value being c. 2.52 mm. the km for the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide was found to be 0.087 mm and the vmax was 0.63 mumol ... | 1997 | 9502051 |
| host range and the maintenance of haemonchus spp. in an adverse arid climate. | three haemonchus species (haemonchus contortus, haemonchus placei and haemonchus longistipes) live in sympatry in sahelian areas such as mauritania (west africa). four host species (dromedary, zebu cattle, sheep and goats) share the same pastures for several months per year. experimental infection by h. contortus or h. placei was achieved only poorly in dromedaries, and h. contortus or h. longistipes infection failed to establish in zebu cattle. conversely, h. placei and h. longistipes successfu ... | 1998 | 9512988 |
| molecular characterisation and hormone-dependent expression of the porcine whey acidic protein gene. | a 17.5 kda protein was isolated from porcine whey by reverse phase hplc and identified as a putative whey acidic protein (wap) homologue by sequencing 35 and 40 amino acid residues of the amino- and carboxy-terminus respectively. degenerate oligonucleotides to both of these amino acid sequences were designed and used in reverse transcriptase pcr with rna from lactating porcine mammary gland as a template. a 162 bp pcr fragment was detected and sequenced. compilation of the deduced and determined ... | 1998 | 9513079 |
| south american camelids in the united kingdom: population statistics, mortality rates and causes of death. | a survey of the health of south american camelids in the united kingdom was carried out between december 1992 and june 1993; 123 members of the british camelid owners and breeders association and 19 non-members were sent questionnaires and usable responses were received from 84 (59 per cent). in total 689 camelids were included, and in 1992, 66 per cent were ilama, 21 per cent alpaca and 13 per cent guanaco. their ages ranged from less than six months to over 10 years, with animals aged two to f ... | 1998 | 9519429 |
| poll glands of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius): a histochemical and scanning electron microscopic study. | poll glands of the one-humped camel were obtained to examine their secretory mechanism by lectin histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscopy. the glands were composed of numerous conical lobules which consisted of apocrine tubules. lectins of peanut agglutinin (pna), dolicos biflorus agglutinin (dba) and wheat germ agglutinin (wga) showed a variety of staining in the golgi areas and secretory granules in secretory cells of the apocrine tubules. most myoepithelial cells ... | 1998 | 9526137 |
| growth, viability, and proteolytic activity of bifidobacteria in whole camel milk. | four species of bifidobacteria were evaluated for growth, viability, and proteolytic activity in whole camel milk, and comparison was made with whole cow milk. growth of all species in either whole milk was characterized by the appearance of two logarithmic phases following anaerobic incubation at 37 degrees c for 36 h. the growth rate of bifidobacterium longum 15,707 was higher in camel milk than in bovine milk and was higher for bifidobacterium angulatum 27,535 in bovine milk than in camel mil ... | 1998 | 9532489 |
| south american camelids in the united kingdom: reproductive failure, pregnancy diagnosis and neonatal care. | the results of a postal questionnaire survey conducted between december 1992 and march 1993 indicated that a third of mated female south american camelids in the united kingdom failed to produce offspring. this failure did not include abortions or stillbirths, which accounted for up to 4 per cent and up to 3 per cent of further reproductive losses respectively. the most common method of pregnancy diagnosis was observation (40 to 70 per cent). plasma progesterone estimations and ultrasonography w ... | 1998 | 9533292 |
| the gross anatomy of the cranial cervical ganglion and its branches in the bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus). | ten specimens of the head and neck of the bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) were dissected to study the situation, arrangement and branches of the cranial cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale craniale). the ganglion was a greyish fusiform structure, averaging 15-20 mm in length, 4-6 mm in width and 3 mm in thickness, located on the rostro-lateral surface of the longus capitis and covered by the mandibular gland. the branches of the cranial cervical ganglion included the internal carotid nerve ... | 1998 | 9541984 |
| normal haematopoiesis, cellular components and stainable iron content in the bone marrow of camels (camelus dromedarius). | bone marrow samples were collected from the ribs of 20 healthy adult male iranian camels (camelus dromedarius). the bone marrow smears were stained using wright's stain. blood samples were collected at the same time for routine haematological examination. the development and morphology of the blood cells in the bone marrow of the camels were similar to those of other domestic species. the mean myeloid/erythroid ratio was 1.21, the mean erythroid percentage was 42.7% and the mean myeloid percenta ... | 1998 | 9541986 |
| [a case of echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst in a zoo born dromedary in the berlin-fridrichsfelde zoo]. | in germany, the threat to human health by the small fox tapeworm (echinococcus multilocularis) has been increasingly discussed in the last few years. on the other hand, the hydatid worm of the dog (echinococcus granulosus) became more and more rare in germany and was often declared to be eradicated. this paper presents a case of hydatid infection of the lung in an adult dromedary (camelus dromedarius), which was born and kept all its life at tierpark berlin-friedrichsfelde. questions connected w ... | 1998 | 9542809 |
| primary bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinoma in a dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | 1998 | 9549871 | |
| plasma pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intramuscular furosemide in the camel (camelus dromedarius). | single bolus intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) doses of furosemide (1.5 mg kg(-1)) were administered in a crossover design to three female and three male adult, dromedary camels. plasma furosemide concentrations were assayed by hplc and sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations were measured using ion-selective electrodes. plasma furosemide concentration-time plots indicated multi-compartment disposition, and there was considerable intersubject variability in the pharmacokinetic pa ... | 1998 | 9557809 |
| an investigation of camelpox outbreaks in two principal camel (camelus dromedarius) rearing areas of kenya. | in 1992, during an investigation into camelpox in two principal camel-rearing areas of kenya, the disease was found in 1,100 camels at a prevalence of 6% in turkana and 27% in samburu. in turkana, outbreaks were detected in two herds of young animals, while in samburu, outbreaks were found in two herds of adult animals, as well as in two herds of young camels. in all cases, there was 100% morbidity in the affected herds. when young camels were involved, the main lesions were confined to the mout ... | 1997 | 9567310 |
| comparison of recent trends in adolescent and adult cigarette smoking behaviour and brand preferences. | to compare trends in smoking behaviour and use of cigarette brands by adults and adolescents. | 1997 | 9583650 |
| discrepancies in cigarette brand sales and adult market share: are new teen smokers filling the gap? | to examine the extent and type of cigarette brand switching by adult smokers. to evaluate discrepancies between actual and projected cigarette brand sales based on changes in adult smoking patterns. | 1997 | 9583651 |
| isolation and characterisation of immunoglobulin g and igg subclasses of the african elephant (loxodonta africana). | immunoglobulins were precipitated from pooled african elephant sera with ammonium sulphate and separated by gel filtration and fast protein liquid chromatography (ion exchange). analysis of the fractions by sds-page showed igg of 150 kda with up to five subclasses, each having heavy chains of 57 kda and light chains of 27 kda. three monoclonal antibodies against human igg and polyclonal antibodies against canine, bovine, cameline, equine, phocine and feline igg showed strong cross-reactivity wit ... | 1998 | 9597308 |
| streptococcal peritonitis in a young dromedary camel. | a male dromedary camel was presented for a primary streptococcal zooepidemicus septic peritonitis. an underlying gross lesion was not identified during abdominal exploratory surgery. the camel responded to peritoneal lavage, peritoneal drainage and systemic antibiotic therapy. thrombophlebitis of the left jugular vein was diagnosed 14 days after surgery. the camel died of an unknown cause 24 days after surgery. | 1998 | 9612545 |
| contact toxicity of permethrin-impregnated fabric to hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (acari: ixodidae): effects of laundering and exposure and recovery times. | a previous study that documented enhanced host attachment by the camel ticks hyalomma dromedarii koch after permethrin exposure prompted a similar investigation of permethrin effects in h. anatolicum excavatum koch, an old world hardbacked tick suspected of vectoring human pathogens. contact toxicity tests were conducted with laboratory-colonized male and female h. a. excavatum of the same age exposed for periods of 5, 10, 30, and 60 min to each of 5 fabric treatments: unwashed/untreated; unwash ... | 1998 | 9615556 |
| myiasis caused by cephalopina titillator (clark) in slaughtered camels in al arish abattoir, north sinai governorate, egypt. | the oestrid fly or the camel nasal botfly cephalopina titillator (clark) is an insect that causes health hazards in camels. no doubt, camels are very important livestock particularly in arid and semi-arid lands. in this paper, the monthly and seasonal prevalence of c. titillator larvae in slaughtered camels were studied. the rate of camel infestation was 25%. the highest prevalence month was october and the highest prevalence season was autumn. the three larval instars were demonstrated in the i ... | 1998 | 9617044 |
| sequence analysis of camelus dromedarius milk caseins. | alpha s1-, alpha s2-, beta- and kappa-caseins from somali camels (camelus dromedarius) were purified by acid precipitation at ph 4.4, crudely separated into an alpha-cn and a beta-cn fraction and further purified by reversed-phase hplc. fragments of tryptic digests were sequenced. amino acid patterns obtained were used to screen a cdna library constructed from mrna from lactating udder tissue. full length clones corresponding to the four caseins were sequenced. the numbers of residues in the seq ... | 1998 | 9627840 |
| inhibition of camel lens zeta-crystallin/nadph: quinone oxidoreductase activity by chlorophenols. | chlorophenols comprise a major class of environmental contaminants. they are extensively used as insecticides, fungicides, mold inhibitors, antiseptics and disinfectants. we found some of these compounds to be strong inhibitors of zeta-crystallin. this oxidoreductase enzyme was isolated from camel lens and its enzymatic activity was inhibited by the chlorophenols tested in a time-independent but concentration-dependent manner. 2,4,5-trichlorophenol was the most potent inhibitor (ic50 = 3 microm; ... | 1998 | 9629540 |
| antibody vh domains as small recognition units. | to develop immunoglobulin based recognition units of minimum size, a human heavy chain variable domain (vh) was designed for selection of phage displayed vh. non-specific binding of the vh through its interface for the light chain variable domain (vl) was prevented through three mutations (g44e, l45r and w47g) in this interface. these mutations were introduced to mimic camelid antibody heavy chains naturally devoid of light chain partners. the third hypervariable loop of the modified vh was then ... | 1995 | 9634788 |
| prevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sera from camels from egypt. | sera from camels from egypt were examined by the direct agglutination tests incorporating mercaptoethanol for antibodies to neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii. antibodies to n. caninum were found in 6 of 161 camels in titers of 1:40 (2 camels) and 1:80, 1:160, 1:640, and 1:1280 in 1 camel each, using n. caninum formalin preserved whole tachyzoites as antigen. antibodies to t. gondii were found in 17.4% of 166 camels in titers of 1:25 (3 camels), 1:50 (18 camels). and > 1:500 (8 camels) using ... | 1998 | 9637230 |
| gross anatomy of the accessory nerve and vagus nerve of the head and cranial neck region in the bactrian camel. | seven heads and necks of bactrian camels were dissected to investigate the origin, course, branches and distribution of the accessory nerve and vagus nerve in the cranial cervical region. the spinal root and external branch of the accessory nerve were not present, but there was a delicate communicating branch between the dorsal root of the first cervical nerve and the root of the vagus nerve. the sternocephalic muscle was innervated by the second cervical nerve while the brachiocephalic and trap ... | 1998 | 9638079 |
| prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in camels (camelus dromedarius) in libya. | in an abattoir study, 514 camels, slaughtered for meat production in different areas of northern libya were examined for the presence of cystic echinococcosis (ce). in addition, 367 sheep and 184 goats were examined. the overall prevalence of infection with ce was 48% in camels, 15.8% in sheep and 3.8% in goats. the infection rate, number and size of cysts were significantly higher in older camels. in six city abattoirs across northern libya, i.e. zawia, tripoli, el-khumes, mesurata, sirt and be ... | 1998 | 9639897 |
| camel collision as a major cause of low cervical spinal cord injury. | one hundred and forty patients with low cervical spinal cord injuries, who were admitted to the riyadh armed forces hospital over the past 10 years were reviewed. motor vehicle accidents constituted 119 (85%) of the patients. camel collisions were a major cause of vehicle accidents 39 (33%), after rollover accidents 70 (59%), and much more than head on collisions 9 (7.5%). male to female ratio was 14:1 with a mean age of 32 years. camel collision although a commonly observed cause of motor vehic ... | 1998 | 9648198 |
| potent enzyme inhibitors derived from dromedary heavy-chain antibodies. | evidence is provided that dromedary heavy-chain antibodies, in vivo-matured in the absence of light chains, are a unique source of inhibitory antibodies. after immunization of a dromedary with bovine erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase and porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase, it was demonstrated that a considerable amount of heavy-chain antibodies, acting as true competitive inhibitors, circulate in the bloodstream. in contrast, the conventional antibodies apparently do not interact with the enzyme's ac ... | 1998 | 9649422 |
| pathological studies on camelpox lesions of the respiratory system in the united arab emirates (uae). | three dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius), which died from generalized camelpox with lesions in the respiratory system, were investigated. histopathological lesions in the lung consisted of small, sometimes confluent foci of proliferated bronchial epithelium, necrosis and fibrosis. orthopoxvirus cameli was demonstrated in all three cases by transmission electron microscopy and the virus was isolated from the lung and trachea on dubca cells. it was proved by restriction enzyme analysis of the ... | 1998 | 9651803 |
| kinetics of the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in camel retina by cisplatin. | the inhibitory effect of cisplatin (cddp) on camel retina acetylcholinesterase (ache) was characterized. the cddp effect was independent of the time of incubation with ache before the addition of substrate, indicative of reversible inhibition. moreover, dilution data prove that cddp is a reversible inhibitor of camel retina ache. cisplatin inhibited ache activity of camel retina in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, the ic50 values being 5.32 and 0.196 mm at 5 min and 24 h incubation ti ... | 1998 | 9652796 |
| identification of a flunixin metabolite in camel by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | a flunixin metabolite, a hydroxylated product, has been identified in camel urine and plasma samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and gc-ms-ms in the electron impact and chemical ionization modes. its major fragmentation pattern has been verified by gc-ms-ms in daughter ion and parent ion scan modes. the method could detect flunixin and its metabolite in camel urine after a single intravenous dose of 2.2 mg of flunixin/kg body weight for 96 and 48 h, respectively, which inc ... | 1998 | 9657217 |
| protecting our kids from joe camel. | 1998 | 9663140 | |
| a comparison of camel dermatophilosis in kenya and sudan. | 1998 | 9668513 | |
| the activity of mixed function oxidases, estimated by in vivo antipyrine clearance, is similar in horses and camels. | the activity of hepatic mixed function oxidases was compared in horses and camels (camelus dromedarius) by studying the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine in seven camels and five horses following intravenous administration of a single dose of antipyrine (25 mg/kg). the data obtained (mean +/- sem and median in brackets) in camels and horses, respectively, were as follows: the elimination half-lives were 3.25 +/- 0.23 (3.19) and 3.09 +/- 0.25 (2.90) hr; the apparent volumes of distribution (area met ... | 1998 | 9669082 |
| physical, biochemical and cytologic properties of blood and synovial fluid in clinically normal adult camel (camelus dromedarius). | forty-three adult one-humped iranian camels (camelus dromedarius) were studied to determine their physical, cellular and biochemical parameters of synovial fluid and blood. all the animals were clinically normal with no clinical signs of locomotion problem. synovial fluid samples were taken from both elbow joints, and blood samples were also obtained from the jugular vein immediately prior to arthrocentesis. the synovial fluid appeared pale, creamy, and clear with no debris. no clot formation wa ... | 1998 | 9673571 |
| comparative studies on the sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction and microscopic examination for the detection of trypanosoma evansi in experimentally infected mice. | trypanosoma evansi, a protozoan parasite in the blood of camels is routinely diagnosed by finding the flagellates in the wet films or stained smear of peripheral blood, examined under a microscope. although specific, this method is not sensitive at early stages of infection. we have tested the use of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in the identification of t. evansi in different stages of infection in mice and compared its sensitivity with that of the standard microscopic examination method. usi ... | 1998 | 9681244 |
| indication of the presence of two distinct strains of echinococcus granulosus in iran by mitochondrial dna markers. | sixteen isolates of echinococcus granulosus, collected from iranian patients at surgery, and from domestic animals, including sheep, goats, cattle, and camels at slaughterhouses in tehran and central and southern iran were analyzed for dna nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence variation within regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase i (coi) and nadh dehydrogenase subunit i (ndi) genes. a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, based on the dna ... | 1998 | 9684648 |
| on the inhibition of camel retina acetylcholinesterase activity by cycloheximide in vitro. | the kinetic parameters of inhibition of camel retinal acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity by cycloheximide (ch) were investigated. for the control system, the michaelis-menten constant (k(m)) for the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide was found to be 0.076 mmol/l and the vmax was 0.547 mumol/min per mg protein. in contrast, these parameters were decreased in the ch-treated systems. dixon and lineweaver-burk plots, and their secondary replots, indicated that the inhibition was of the linear ... | 1998 | 9689490 |
| amprolium-induced cerebrocortical necrosis (ccn) in dromedary racing camels. | amprolium was successfully used to induce cerebrocortical necrosis (ccn) in dromedary racing camels, only when they were fed on a barley diet. camels which were fed on hay ad libitum did not suffer form ccn, although their thiamine pyrophosphate (tpp) reached similar levels as in camels fed on barley. the reason for this phenomenon is discussed. five camels which suffered from ccn had tpp values of 80-115% and were euthanized on humane grounds when they were in lateral recumbency. pathohistologi ... | 1998 | 9719766 |
| prevalence and infection pattern of trypanosoma evansi in camels in mid-eastern sudan. | the antigen detection enzyme immunoassay (agelisa) in conjunction with parasitological examination of blood were used to study the enzootic situation of cameline trypanosomiasis in mid-eastern sudan. a one year survey showed that the infection is endemic among pastoral camels with a prevalence of 5.4% based on parasitological examination and 31.3% based on agelisa. the infection rate was higher during the dry period (november to may) than the wet season. young camels had a much lower infection r ... | 1998 | 9719837 |
| camel single-domain antibody inhibits enzyme by mimicking carbohydrate substrate. | whereas antibodies have demonstrated the ability to mimic various compounds, classic heavy/light-chain antibodies may be limited in their applications. first, they tend not to bind enzyme active site clefts. second, their size and complexity present problems in identifying key elements for binding and in using these elements to produce clinically valuable compounds. we have previously shown how cab-lys3, a single variable domain fragment derived from a lysozyme-specific camel antibody naturally ... | 1998 | 9726420 |
| a quantitative study on the retial arteries in one-humped camels. | the brain arteries of camels were injected with latex and the rostral epidural rete mirabile, which is situated inside the cavernous sinus at the base of the brain, was studied both grossly and quantitatively. the rostral epidural rete mirabile is formed by the retial branches of the maxillary and external ophthalmic arteries and also the internal carotid artery. when the ratio of the blood supply to the rete was estimated from the diameter of each vessel, it was found that the branches of the m ... | 1998 | 9728280 |
| structural analysis of the nurse shark (new) antigen receptor (nar): molecular convergence of nar and unusual mammalian immunoglobulins. | we recently have identified an antigen receptor in sharks called nar (new or nurse shark antigen receptor) that is secreted by splenocytes but does not associate with ig light (l) chains. the nar variable (v) region undergoes high levels of somatic mutation and is equally divergent from both ig and t cell receptors (tcr). here we show by electron microscopy that nar v regions, unlike those of conventional ig and tcr, do not form dimers but rather are independent, flexible domains. this unusual f ... | 1998 | 9751746 |
| internal carotid artery injury and occlusion from camel collision. | 1998 | 9755336 | |
| biochemical analysis of serum and cerebrospinal fluid in clinically normal adult camels (camelus dromedarius). | the concentrations of total protein, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea nitrogen, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, copper, magnesium, and iron and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (ast), alanine aminotransferase, (alt), alkaline phosphatase (alp), lactate dehydrogenase (ld), creatine kinase (ck) and amylase were determined in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and serum from 21 clinically healthy adult camels. the concentrations of sodium, potassiu ... | 1998 | 9769078 |
| inhibition of camel lens zeta-crystallin/nadph:quinone oxidoreductase by pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. | camel lens zeta-crystallin was inhibited by pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (pal-p) and o-phthalaldehyde. pal-p inactivated zeta-crystallin in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. the initial rate of inactivation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with the second-order rate constant of 91 m-1 s-1. the modified enzyme showed the characteristic absorption peak at 325 nm indicative of the formation of phosphopyridoxallysine. quantitative analysis suggested the incorporation of 1 mole of pal-p/subun ... | 1998 | 9774726 |
| adolescents' responses to cigarette advertisements: links between exposure, liking, and the appeal of smoking. | to evaluate adolescents' responses to cigarette advertisements for different brands. | 1998 | 9789930 |
| surface ultrastructure of fetal bronchial epithelium in camel. | the surface ultrastructural features of fetal camel bronchial epithelium were studied at various stages of development. the bronchial epithelium in fetuses of 90-280 mm crown-to-rump length (crl) presented a large number of disintegrating sloughed epithelial cells and a few ciliogenic cells at different stages of ciliary differentiation. the disintegrating cells had vacuolated electron lucent cytoplasm, which contained variable amounts of glycogen, swollen mitochondria, strands of dilated rough ... | 1998 | 9795694 |
| n-ethylmaliemide (nem)-stimulated potassium transport in camel erythrocytes. | in this study n-ethylmaliemide (nme)-stimulated, ouabain-resistant potassium influx in camel erythrocytes was measured using the radioactive rubidium tracer 86rb+. the results showed that camel erythrocytes responded to nem pretreatment by a threefold increase in influx which was cl- dependent. the anion dependence of k+ influx in pre-treated cells was br- > cl- > no3-. the ph dependence curve for nem-stimulated k+ influx and the combination between volume and nem stimulation in camel erythrocyt ... | 1998 | 9805482 |
| the arterial supply of the metacarpophalangeal joint in the bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus). | the arterial supply of the six metacarpophalangeal joints was studied in bactrian camels. the arterial branches supplying the metacarpophalangeal joints were derived from the metacarpal distal perforating, medial and lateral branches of the palmar metacarpal artery iii, medial and lateral branches of the palmar common digital artery iii and the abaxial palmar proper digital arteries iii and iv. these arterial branches were the proximal dorsoaxial distal metacarpal, distal dorsoaxial distal metac ... | 1998 | 9810632 |
| pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and dosage regimen of sulphadiazine (sdz) in camels (camelus dromedarius). | the pharmacokinetics of sulphadiazine (sdz) (100 mg/kg, body weight) were investigated in six camels (camelus dromedarius) after intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration. following i.v. administration, the overall elimination rate constant (beta) was 0.029 +/- 0.001/h and the half-life (t1/2beta) was 23.14 +/- 1.06 h. the apparent volume of distribution (vd(area)) was 0.790 +/- 0.075 l/kg and the total body clearance (clb) was 23.29 +/- 2.50 ml/h/kg. after p.o. administration, sdz reach ... | 1998 | 9811441 |
| comparative study of copper and zinc metabolism in cattle and camel. | at an experimental farm, five camels and five cows were fed a similar basal diet for 6 mo. they received oral trace element supplementation for 3 mo (day 22-112). this supplementation included zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, iodine, and cobalt, and corresponded to twice the requirements generally recommended for cows. plasma copper and zinc concentrations were significantly lower in the camels (61 micrograms/100 ml for copper and 38 micrograms/100 ml for zinc) than in the cows (111 and 83, re ... | 1998 | 9823434 |
| augmented water binding and low cellular water content in erythrocytes of camel and camelids. | we investigated a link between hemoglobin primary structure, hemoglobin hydrophobicity-hydrophilicity, and erythrocyte water content in various mammalian species. some hemoglobin molecules, particularly those of the camel and camelids, contain more charged amino acid residues and are more hydrophilic than the hemoglobins of human and a number of other mammalian species. to test the in vivo significance of these alterations of hemoglobin primary structure, we determined the osmotically unresponsi ... | 1998 | 9826628 |
| pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid and its detection time in urine after intravenous administration of the drug in camels (camelus dromedarius). | to document tolfenamic acid disposition variables, identify its major phase-1 metabolite and fragmentation pattern, and establish detection time in urine after single iv bolus administration to make recommendations on avoiding violative residues in racing camels. | 1998 | 9829406 |
| 'camel collision as a major cause of low cervical spinal cord injury'. spinal cord (1998) 36, 415-417. | 1998 | 9848491 | |
| outbreaks of dermatophilus congolensis infection in camels (camelus dromedarius) from the butana region in eastern sudan. | natural dermatophilus congolensis infection of camels has been reported in kenya in semi-arid areas. research is being conducted to discover how widespread the condition is in neighbouring countries with similar eco-climatic conditions. severe skin infections of camels from the butana region of eastern sudan were examined. the infections were first found in two herds of adult camels, of which 50%-75% of the animals were affected. in the other thirteen herds examined, camel calves were more likel ... | 1998 | 9850545 |
| an outbreak of a mixed infection of dermatophilus congolensis and microsporum gypseum in camels (camelus dromedarius) in saudi arabia. | although both dermatophilus congolensis and microsporum gypseum infections have been reported separately in camels, mixed infection involving both agents has not been reported to date. the authors describe a mixed infection of d. congolensis and m. gypseum in camels reared on a dairy farm in saudi arabia. a total of 131 out of 559 camels (23.4%) were affected. forty-eight camels less than one year of age had discrete, circumscribed, crusty, hairless lesions, found in particular on the neck and f ... | 1998 | 9850546 |
| comparative relationship between copper-zinc plasma concentrations and superoxide dismutase activity in camels and cows. | on an experimental farm, five camels and five cows were fed with a similar basal diet over a 6-month period. they received an oral trace element supplement for 3 months (days 22-112). this supplement contained zinc and copper sulphate, and corresponded to twice the daily requirement generally recommended for cows. plasma zinc and copper concentrations were significantly lower in camels (44 micrograms/100 ml for copper and 38 micrograms/100 ml for zinc) than in cows (106 and 83 micrograms/100 ml, ... | 1998 | 9851012 |
| morphological and developmental characteristics of echinococcus granulosus derived from sheep, cattle and camels in iran. | echinococcus granulosus is widely distributed throughout iran, where a variety of animals act as intermediate hosts. in this study, the development and morphological characteristics of e. granulosus of sheep, cattle and camel origin were compared and, overall, the characteristics of larval and adult isolates from sheep and cattle, although similar, showed significant differences from those of the camel isolates, especially with respect to the size of rostellar hooks. differences in the fertility ... | 1998 | 9858631 |
| pulmonary development in the fetal one-humped camel: morphometry. | the structural development of the fetal camel lung is described and quantified morphometrically in this report. during fetal development the lung weight and volume increased polynomially with body length. the correlation coefficient between lung weight and body length is +0.991, and between lung volume and body length is +0.995. volume density of the future bronchial tree showed a progressive increment with gestational age and is relatively higher in male than female fetuses, and the differences ... | 1998 | 9862040 |
| localization and migration route of cephalopina titillator (diptera: oestridae) larvae in the head of infested camels (camelus dromedarius). | the localization and migration routes of cephalopina titillator larvae were studied in the heads of 45 naturally infested camels. larvae were located in the pharyngeal cavity (95.6%), the labyrinth of the ethmoid bone (71.1%), the turbinates (28.9%) and the lower nasal meatus (6.7%). out of 261 first-instar larvae, 73.7% were found in the labyrinth of the ethmoid bone and 26.3% in the turbinates, while 88.9% of second-instar larvae were observed in the pharyngeal cavity and 11.1% in the labyrint ... | 1998 | 9877072 |
| kinetic constants for the inhibition of camel retinal acetylcholinesterase by the carbamate insecticide lannate. | we have designed this study to determine various kinetic parameters of camel retinal membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase (ache; ec 3.1.1.7) inhibition by carbamate insecticide lannate [methyl n-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy] ethanimidothioate]. all these kinetic constants were derived by simple graphical methods. the value of kinetic parameters was estimated as follows: 0.061 microm)(-1), 1.14 (microm)(-1), 0.216 microm, 0.016 min(-1), 0.0741 (gammam min)(-1) 0.746 microm, and 4.42 microm for velo ... | 1999 | 9890446 |
| studies on hydatidosis in slaughtered camels in egypt. | hydatid cyst or hydatidosis is a cyclozoonotic parasite of worldwide distribution. human and animal cases have been reported in egypt by many authors. also, the tape worm echinococcus granulosus has been reported in stray dogs. the present work studied hydatidosis in 400159 camels imported from sudan over five years (1992 to 1996) and slaughtered in governmental abattoirs under the supervision of govs. the overall annual prevalence rates of camel infection were 5.5% (1992), 6.1% (1993), 6.7% (19 ... | 1998 | 9914691 |
| some studies on the growth and development of echinococcus granulosus, camel origin in experimentally infected dogs. | development of echinococcus granulosus of camel subspecies in 35 experimentally infected dogs was performed at 3, 7, 10, 13, 18, 23, 35 and 56 days post-infection (d.p.i.). morphological characters of each developmental stage was studied and discussed. generally, the results indicate that the segmentation firstly appeared at 18 d.p.i. also, male and female genitalia could be detected at the same period. however, completely developed of genitalia appeared at 56 d.p.i. histological examination of ... | 1998 | 9914707 |
| diagnosis of trypanosoma evansi in saudi arabian camels (camelus dromedarius) by the passive haemagglutination test and ag-elisa. | the passive haemagglutination test and ag-elisa were employed to monitor antibody titres and antigenaemia levels in 4 najdi camels experimentally infected with trypanosoma evansi. the two tests were also used to determine the prevalence of trypanosomiasis in a total of 218 najdi camels in the gassim region, central saudi arabia, during the period from october 1992 to september 1993. trypanosoma evansi antibodies in the experimentally infected camels rose after 14-21 days and reached a maximum of ... | 1998 | 9916554 |
| does cigarette print advertising adhere to the tobacco institute's voluntary advertising and promotion code? an assessment. | this investigation examined whether, despite the tobacco institute's voluntary cigarette advertising and promotion code, current cigarette print advertising communicates culturally positive messages to youth about smoking. | 1998 | 9922621 |
| toxicity and adverse reactions to some drugs in dromedary (camelus dromedarius). | dromedaries are particularly susceptible to toxicity from certain drugs at doses harmless to other ruminants. the pharmacokinetics of drugs may be different in dromedary and in cattle. this paper reviews the toxicity and adverse reactions of certain therapeutic agents to dromedary. | 1999 | 9949485 |
| multiplicity and tissue specific expression of camel cytochrome p450(s). | the presence of multiple forms of the cytochrome p450 was demonstrated enzymatically in camel tissues using a variety of isoenzyme specific substrates and immunochemically using isoenzyme specific antibodies. the maximum catalytic activity using xenobiotics as substrate was observed in the liver followed by the kidney. however, lauric acid hydroxylation was found to be higher in the kidney than in any other tissues. camel liver microsomal monooxygenase activity using aniline, aminopyrene, ethoxy ... | 1998 | 9972462 |
| n-ethylmaliemide (nem)-stimulated passive potassium transport in camel erythrocytes: inhibitory effects of age, furosemide, sodium fluoride and okadaic acid. | the effects of age, and the inhibitory effects of furosemide, sodium fluoride, and okadaic acid on n-ethylmaliemide (nem)-stimulated, ouabain-resistant potassium influx were investigated in camel erythrocytes. the nem-stimulated influx which declined with the age of erythrocytes, was partially inhibited by 2 mmol/l furosemide, 20 mmol/l sodium fluoride, and completely inhibited by 150 nm okadaic acid. the effect of all chemical inhibitors was significant if added before the nem pretreatment. | 1999 | 10030129 |
| the ultrastructural morphology of the camel eosinophil. | the ultrastructural morphology of the eosinophil was studied in specimens of peripheral blood from normal adult camels and those with eosinophilia. specific granules were extremely polymorphic. the specific granules exhibited the basic structure of an electron-dense crystalloid core surrounded by a lighter, homogeneous matrix. the crystalloid cores were extremely variable in size and shape, often were segmented and demonstrated a variety of lamellated patterns that were transverse, longitudinal ... | 1999 | 10030132 |
| control of luteolysis in the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | blood plasma concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto pgf2 alpha (pgfm) were measured in groups of mature non-pregnant and pregnant camels to study pgf2 alpha release patterns around the time of luteolysis and the timing of the signal for pregnancy recognition. injection of each of four camels with 10 and 50 mg of pgf2 alpha showed clearly that five times the dose of exogenous hormone produced five times the amount of pgfm in peripheral plasma, thereby indicating that, as in other animal species, ... | 1998 | 10070348 |
| pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and dosage regimen of sulphadimidine in camels (camelus dromedarius) under hot, arid environmental conditions. | a two-way crossover study was conducted in young bikaneri camels (aged between 12 and 18 months) during the hot summer season to determine the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and dosage regimens of sulphadimidine (sdm). a dose of 100 mg.kg-1 of sdm was used to study both the intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of the drug. analysis of the intravenous data according to a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model revealed that sdm was well distributed in the body (vd(area):0.862 l.kg-1), had an ov ... | 1999 | 10081111 |
| recognition of cigarette brand names and logos by primary schoolchildren in ankara, turkey. | to assess the smoking behaviour of primary schoolchildren and their ability to recognise brand names and logos of widely advertised cigarettes, compared with other commercial products intended for children. | 1998 | 10093173 |
| inclusion of cetaceans within the order artiodactyla based on phylogenetic analysis of pancreatic ribonuclease genes. | mammalian secretory ribonucleases (rnases 1) form a family of extensively studied homologous proteins that were already used for phylogenetic analyses at the protein sequence level previously. in this paper we report the determination of six ribonuclease gene sequences of artiodactyla and two of cetacea. these sequences have been used with ruminant homologues in phylogenetic analyses that supported a group including hippopotamus and toothed whales, a group of ruminant pancreatic and brain-type r ... | 1999 | 10093226 |
| traffic of the tick embryo basic protein during embryogenesis of the camel tick hyalomma dromedarii (acari: ixodidae). | the tick embryo basic protein (tebp) is present in the nucleus as a counterpart of histones at early embryonic stages of the tick hyalomma dromedarii. the sharp drop in the tebp nuclear level and elimination of the n-terminal dipeptide (leucine-serine) between days 12 and 15 after oviposition suggested the transport of tebp to the cytoplasm for protein turnover. the traffic of tebp during tick embryogenesis was examined. the level of tebp was detected in the cytoplasm from the different embryoni ... | 1998 | 10095826 |
| phylogenetic analysis of cryptosporidium parasites based on the small-subunit rrna gene locus. | biological data support the hypothesis that there are multiple species in the genus cryptosporidium, but a recent analysis of the available genetic data suggested that there is insufficient evidence for species differentiation. in order to resolve the controversy in the taxonomy of this parasite genus, we characterized the small-subunit rrna genes of cryptosporidium parvum, cryptosporidium baileyi, cryptosporidium muris, and cryptosporidium serpentis and performed a phylogenetic analysis of the ... | 1999 | 10103253 |
| child and family focus. working together to develop integrated systems of care. | we've all heard the jokes about the nature of committee work: "a camel is a horse designed by committee." or, "a committee is a group of the unwilling unprepared to do the unnecessary." in the current case, nothing could be farther from the truth. over the past year, we were very fortunate to be able to gather a group of experts who were more than willing, and prepared, to do the very necessary. representing all areas of children's behavioral healthcare, these respected leaders of the field work ... | 1997 | 10175228 |
| a comparative review of the structure and biosynthesis of thyroglobulin. | thyroglobulin, the major iodoglycoprotein of the thyroid (mr 669 kda) has a sedimentation coefficient of 19 s and an isoelectric point (pi) of 4.4-4.7. the protein has been isolated and purified from saline extracts of the gland of several animal species, by methods such as ammonium sulfate fractionation, deae-cellulose chromatography and sepharose 4b/6b gel-filtration. deae-cellulose chromatography of thyroglobulin from many species, by linear gradient, yielded a complex elution pattern, while ... | 1999 | 10190023 |
| a single-domain antibody fragment in complex with rnase a: non-canonical loop structures and nanomolar affinity using two cdr loops. | camelid serum contains a large fraction of functional heavy-chain antibodies - homodimers of heavy chains without light chains. the variable domains of these heavy-chain antibodies (vhh) have a long complementarity determining region 3 (cdr3) loop that compensates for the absence of the antigen-binding loops of the variable light chains (vl). in the case of the vhh fragment cab-lys3, part of the 24 amino acid long cdr3 loop protrudes from the antigen-binding surface and inserts into the active-s ... | 1999 | 10196124 |
| ultrastructure of the thyroid gland of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland of the one-humped camel was examined by light and electron microscopy. it consisted of a single type of epithelial cell which varied from flattened to columnar in shape. follicular epithelial cells were characterized by the presence of markedly dilated cisternae of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, well developed golgi apparatus, abundant small vesicles (150 nm to 200 nm in diameter) in the apical cytoplasm, and electron-dense colloid droplets measu ... | 1999 | 10208030 |
| the pharmacokinetics of promethazine after intravenous administration in camels. | the pharmacokinetics of promethazine were determined in seven camels (camelus dromedarius) after an intravenous dose of 0.5 mg kg body weight.-1 the data obtained (median and range) were as follows: the elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) was 5.62 (2.84-6.51) h; the steady state volume of distribution (vdss) was 8.90 (7.10-12.00) l kg-1, total body clearance (ct) was 24.5 (17.22-33.65) ml kg-1 min-1 and renal clearance (clr) was 4.81 (1.97-5.48) ml kg-1 min-1. | 1999 | 10208894 |
| pharmacokinetics of amikacin in the camel. | 1999 | 10211719 | |
| experimental camelpox infection in vaccinated and unvaccinated dromedaries. | four dromedaries were infected with a virulent camelpox virus strain which was isolated from the lung of a saudi arabian camel. the camels which were infected intradermally and subcutaneously developed severe generalized camelpox. one of these camels had to be euthanized on humane grounds and the second one died 13 days after being infected. this dromedary also developed internal pox. neither dromedary showed camelpox antibodies before infection. the other two camels which had been vaccinated wi ... | 1999 | 10216456 |
| modulation of antibacterial peptide activity by products of porphyromonas gingivalis and prevotella spp. | this study investigated the ability of anaerobic periodontal bacteria to inactivate and resist killing by antimicrobial peptides through production of extracellular proteases. antibacterial activities of peptides were assessed in a double-layer agarose diffusion assay, and mics and mbcs were determined in broth microdilution assays. culture supernates of porphyromonas gingivalis and prevotella spp. inactivated mastoparan, magainin ii and cecropin b whilst gram-positive oral supragingival bacteri ... | 1999 | 10220176 |
| genetically engineered mengo virus vaccination of multiple captive wildlife species. | encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), has caused the deaths of many species of animals in zoological parks and research institutions. the audubon park zoo, (new orleans, louisiana, usa) attempted vaccination of several species with a killed emcv vaccine with mixed results. this paper reports an attempt at vaccination against emcv using a genetically engineered, live attenuated mengo virus (vmc0) at the audubon park zoo and miami metro zoo, (miami, florida, usa) from december 1996 to june 1997. seve ... | 1999 | 10231768 |
| circling the pyramid by camel--via the needle's eye. | the royal commission's report on the nhs criticised the lack of central manpower planning advice for the nursing profession as well as dwelling at some length on the difficulties that the hospital career structure poses medical manpower planners. the most damaging disadvantage of the dhss's approach to the latter issue is, says the commission, 'that it has not delivered the goods'. author examines manpower problems as they affect both professions. | 1979 | 10243859 |
| hepatic lipidosis in llamas and alpacas: 31 cases (1991-1997). | to identify factors associated with hepatic lipidosis (hl) in llamas and alpacas. | 1999 | 10319182 |
| efficacy of closantel plus albendazole liquid suspension against natural infection of gastrointestinal parasites in camels. | oral administration of closantel in a dose of 10 mg/kg plus albendazole in a dose of 5 mg/kg liquid suspension was studied in 75 camels naturally infected with various types of gastrointestinal parasites. the camels involved were 15 pregnant she-camels, 20 non-pregnant she-camels and 40 male camels of various ages. each camel received a single oral dose of closantel (10 mg/kg) plus albendazole (5 mg/kg) orally. two weeks later, 20 camels of this group were re-dosed again with the same dose of th ... | 1999 | 10321589 |