Publications

living related donor kidney transplantation at a turkish center.		1992	1412878
multiorgan harvesting from heartbeating donors in turkey.		1992	1412985
ethics in organ procurement in turkey.		1992	1412995
immuno-gold labelling of turkey rhinotracheitis virus.	the morphology and morphogenesis of five viruses isolated in great britain, france and south africa from turkeys with rhinotracheitis were examined. the five isolates were antigenically related by immunofluorescence and were indistinguishable by negative contrast and thin section electron microscopy. negative contrast electron microscopy of infected vero cell cultures revealed ortho- or paramyxovirus-like particles and helical nucleocapsids 14 nm in diameter with a pitch of 6 nm. the viral natur ...	1992	1414097
interspecies transmission and reassortment of influenza a viruses in pigs and turkeys in the united states.	genetic reassortment between influenza a viruses in humans and in animals and birds has been implicated in the appearance of new pandemics of human influenza. to determine whether such reassortment has occurred in the united states, the authors compared the genetic origins of gene segments of 73 swine influenza virus isolates (1976-1990), representing 11 states, and 11 turkey virus isolates (1980-1989), representing eight states. the host origin of gene segments encoding the internal proteins of ...	1992	1415168
virulence factors of escherichia coli associated with colisepticemia in chickens and turkeys.	four hundred twenty turkey and 80 chicken escherichia coli isolates from colisepticemic birds were examined for the following properties: heat-labile toxin (lt), heat-stable enterotoxin, verotoxin, colicinogenicity, hemolysin, and hydroxamate/aerobactin production. twenty-four (5.7%) of the 420 turkey isolates and six (7.5%) of the 80 chicken isolates produced an lt that was cytotoxic for both vero and y-1 cells. in contrast, 48 (11.4%) of the turkey isolates and 18 (22.5%) of the chicken isolat ...	1992	1417582
pathogenicity differences of multiple isolates of aspergillus fumigatus in turkeys.	sixteen aspergillus fumigatus isolates of environmental, mammalian, and avian origin were used to assess: 1) intra-air-sac inoculation as a viable challenge alternative to aerosol exposure, and 2) isolate variability in pathogenicity. development of lesions, antibody response in survivors, mortality, and weight gains were assessed. turkey poults were challenged with equal numbers of viable conidia. total number of conidia given per experimental group varied markedly and did not influence mortali ...	1992	1417585
cardiac muscle mass distribution in the domestic turkey and relationship to electrocardiogram.	ventricular weights were measured in 20-week-old male and female heavy turkeys, and electrocardiograms (ecgs) were recorded in 10- and 20-week-old male and female heavy turkeys. twenty-week-old males had heavier relative left ventricular and total ventricular weights than females of the same age. left-to-right ventricular weight ratios were 4.4:1 in males and 4.5:1 in females. heart rate was faster in young birds and in females, and that influenced the duration of the intervals of the ecg. wave ...	1992	1417589
correlation between the ability of haemophilus paragallinarum to acquire ovotransferrin-bound iron and the expression of ovotransferrin-specific receptors.	to investigate the mechanisms of iron acquisition in avian haemophili, strains of haemophilus paragallinarum and h. avium were tested for siderophore production and utilization of transferrin iron for growth. no evidence of siderophore production was detected in either of these species using a functional screening assay. h. paragallinarum, but not strains of h. avium, was able to acquire iron from 30% saturated chicken and turkey transferrins but not from human, porcine, or bovine transferrins. ...	1992	1417595
recurrent transient paresis in a turkey flock.	recurring episodes of extreme leg weakness and associated mortality were documented in a turkey flock at 8 to 15 weeks of age. flock mortality attributed to posterior paresis was approximately 12%, or 4800 of 40,000 turkeys. four of six open-confinement units were affected. gross and histological examinations revealed no significant lesions. immunology and virology were uninformative. there were no significant differences in serum chemistry between clinically affected and normal turkeys. testing ...	1992	1417611
breeder turkey hens seropositive and culture-negative for mycoplasma synoviae.	four flocks of clinically normal turkey breeder hens were shown to have suspect and positive mycoplasma synoviae (ms) hemagglutination-inhibition (hi), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and, in some cases, serum plate agglutination serology in the absence of ms isolation. in all cases, hi serology for mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) and m. meleagridis was negative. acholeplasma laidlawii was isolated from some hens in each of these ms-seropositive culture-negative flocks. immunoblotting was used ...	1992	1417615
necrotic enteritis in turkeys.	three flocks of turkey hens (16,000 each) between 7 and 12 weeks of age experienced outbreaks of necrotic enteritis. necropsy revealed a dilated duodenum and jejunum with mucosal surfaces covered with a diphtheritic membrane. intestinal scrapings showed very few oocysts of eimeria sp. histopathological findings were compatible with necrotic enteritis but with deeper, more severe lesions than in broiler chickens. clostridium perfringens was isolated by anaerobic culture from the intestinal conten ...	1992	1417616
an assessment of turkish air force pilots' anxiety and depression levels.	a popular conception of good morale is the perception of well-being, lack of distress, and absence of anxiety and depression. therefore, the term "morale" is related to anxiety and depression. the purpose of this survey is to assess stress levels numerically by using anxiety and depression scores. we surveyed 345 active duty turkish air force pilots and 70 non-flying air force officers (who served as control group) in 1988. spielberger's state trait personality inventory (stpi-a trait) and zung' ...	1992	1417654
parents should know how to take a child's temperature.		1992	1418339
complementary dna cloning and expression of pit-1/ghf-1 from the domestic turkey.	the transition from egg laying to incubation activity in birds is associated with a dramatic rise in serum prolactin levels. to further our understanding of the regulation of prolactin gene expression in birds, a cdna clone encoding turkey pit-1/ghf-1 was isolated. the turkey cdna, designated tpit-1/ghf-1, was 1,123 nucleotides in length and encoded a protein of 327 amino acids, including a conserved 80-amino-acid pou-specific domain and a 60-amino-acid pou homeodomain. tpit-1/ghf-1 pou-specific ...	1992	1418622
competitive exclusion in the young bird: challenge models, administration and reciprocal protection.	the competitive exclusion (ce) concept has been tested against both non-invasive and invasive salmonella serotypes. studies with different challenge models indicate that ce treatment is likely to protect the young bird against all serotypes that are capable of intestinal colonization. spray or 'droplet' application of the ce-treatment material was compared with administration in the first drinking water. both methods gave a similar degree of protection against salmonella infantis. a study was ma ...	1992	1419529
defined cultures and prospects.	resistance of young chicks to salmonella colonization can be increased by treating them with suspensions or anaerobic cultures of gut content from healthy, adult birds. unfortunately, such treatments have an unknown bacterial composition and are therefore not acceptable to regulatory agencies in some countries. efforts are continuing to identify components in the gut microflora that are involved in the protective process. the ultimate aim is to identify bacteria that may be used, either alone or ...	1992	1419530
cigarette smoking among young physicians and their approach to the smoking problem of their patients.	we have undertaken a survey of 100 interns and 100 residents at university of ankara medical school to find out their smoking rates as well as their view of the smoking problem in turkey and their approach to the patient who smokes. the smoking rate of interns and residents were comparable to those of the 146 nonmedical university students surveyed at the same time (31% and 37% versus 38%). our results indicate that smoking residents have less confidence in their efficacy to influence the patien ...	1992	1419590
a quasi-elastic light scattering study of smooth muscle myosin in the presence of atp.	we have investigated the hydrodynamic properties of turkey gizzard smooth muscle myosin in solution using quasi-elastic light scattering (qels). the effects of ionic strength (0.05-0.5 m kcl) and light chain phosphorylation on the conformational transition of myosin were examined in the presence of atp at 20 degrees c. cumulant analysis and light scattering models were used to describe the myosin system in solution. a nonlinear least squares fitting procedure was used to determine the model that ...	1992	1420864
risk indicators and potential risk factors for caries in 5-year-olds of different ethnic groups in amsterdam.	the aim of this study was threefold: first, to assess the oral health of turkish, moroccan, surinamese, dutch and "other" 5-yr-old children living in amsterdam; second, to identify risk indicators for caries, in addition to ethnicity; and third, to identify potential risk factors related to differences in caries experience in these children. results showed the mean dmfs scores of turkish and moroccan children to be much higher than that of the dutch and surinamese children; 8.1 and 8.2 versus 3. ...	1992	1424543
increased gut permeability early after burns correlates with the extent of burn injury.	to determine if increased gut permeability within 48 hrs after burn injury correlates with the extent of injury, before sepsis and pulmonary disorders have complicated the clinical course.	1992	1424691
[short report: rinderpest in turkey 1991/92].		1992	1425330
evidence of a role for the turkey posterior pituitary in prolactin release.	the aims of this study were: (1) to examine whether the posterior pituitary contains prolactin releasing factor (prf) activity, (2) to determine to what extent known neurohypophyseal peptides contribute to this activity, and (3) to compare posterior pituitary prf activities of hens in different reproductive stages. anterior pituitary cells derived from juvenile female turkeys were incubated with posterior pituitary extracts or test substances for 3 hr. posterior pituitary extracts (0.1-0.8 equiv ...	1992	1426946
effects of reproductive status, ovariectomy, and photoperiod on vasoactive intestinal peptide in the female turkey hypothalamus.	vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) appears to be a physiologically relevant prolactin (prl)-releasing factor during the avian reproductive cycle, yet little is known of the factors involved in modulating the hypothalamic concentrations of this neuropeptide. a heterologous chicken vip radioimmunoassay was developed to examine the effects of reproductive status, ovariectomy, and photoperiod on hypothalamic vip immunoreactivity in the female turkey. vip concentrations were highest in the median em ...	1992	1426951
association of a receptor and g-protein-regulated phospholipase c with the cytoskeleton.	approximately 98% of turkey erythrocyte phospholipase c (plc) is cytosolic and is released by hypotonic lysis of the cells and extensive washing of the resultant erythrocyte ghosts. well washed turkey erythrocyte ghosts retain a fraction of tightly associated plc, which is activated by the p2y-purinergic receptor and g-protein present in ghost membranes. the particulate plc is sufficient to couple to all the available purinergic receptor-regulated g-protein. in contrast to ghosts, turkey erythro ...	1992	1429646
fine structure studies of microgametogenesis of eimeria adenoeides (eimeriidae, sporozoa) infecting turkeys in egypt.	the ultrastructure of microgametogenesis of eimeria adenoeides was studied in the intestinal epithelium of experimentally infected turkeys' meleagris gallopavo gallopavo. microgamonts were recognizable by the presence of peripherally arranged nuclei and the presence of two centrioles between each nucleus and the limiting membrane of the gamont. a nuclear spindle apparatus and an intranuclear centrocone directed toward the centriole were observed. each young microgamont was surrounded by a very n ...	1992	1431288
primary gastrointestinal lymphomas in turkey: a retrospective analysis of clinical features and results of treatment.	thirty-three patients with primary gastrointestinal lymphoma (gil) followed at ankara university medical school have been evaluated. the most frequent locations of the disease are the small intestine (48.4%) and the stomach (39.3%). the intermediate and high grade lymphomas constitute 84.8% of the cases. the mean age of the patients with small intestinal lymphoma is 28.7 years and 47.1 years for those with gastric lymphoma. the patients treated with surgery and chemotherapy (s+ct) have a longer ...	1992	1434660
origin of mineral crystal growth in collagen fibrils.	collagen fibrils from young turkey-leg tendons, just beginning to mineralize, were stained with uranyl acetate and examined by electron microscopy. small needle-like mineral crystals were observed and located, in relation to the collagen banding pattern, as originating at the e band in the gap region and near the surface of the fibrils. these are evidently the sites of crystal nucleation. they lie near binding locations on collagen fibrils of two glycosylated proteins believed to be implicated i ...	1992	1435508
[constantine prphyrogenetos and the medical sciences].		1992	1437102
response of male turkeys hatched from first-cycle and force-molted breeder hens to a regimen providing progressive feeds by weight and the value of increased lysine prior to marketing.	male poults originating from 41- and 85-wk-old nicholas large white breeder turkey hens were compared using a six-feed system provided on the basis of weight. each source of poult was compared further in its response to lysine at .65 and .80% in the final feed (14.5% cp and 3.40 kcal amen/g) before marketing at 18 wk of age. poults from 85-wk-old hens were heavier at placement than those from 41-wk-old hens. equalization of body weights occurred once the allotment of starting feed had been consu ...	1992	1437976
cross-reactivity of sperm-binding proteins from chicken, turkey, and duck oocytes.	binding and penetration of spermatozoa through the perivitelline layer (pl) overlying the hen's ovum have been studied more frequently in the chicken than in other domesticated avian species. species-specific action of the binding process was tested using an in vitro competition assay in which spermatozoa from the cock, tom, and drake were pretreated with solubilized pl protein (pl-p) from the chicken, turkey, and duck ovum. spermatozoa were pretreated with pl-p for 20 min at 39 c and co-incubat ...	1992	1437980
amyloidosis of juvenile chronic arthritis in turkish children.		1992	1439635
accounting for differences. dutch training nurses and their views on migrant women.	fifteen extended essays about working experiences with migrants, written by district nurses, were analyzed as part of a larger research project on the perception of child rearing practices in and family relations in migrant households. the nurses have all been working in child health centers and intended to improve their expertise in the position of migrant women and the background of child rearing practices in migrant households by means of a graduate project during their training as a district ...	1992	1439932
alternative and complementary medicine for asthma.		1992	1440479
kawasaki syndrome.	kawasaki syndrome, also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is an acute vasculitis of infants and young children. we describe a four-year-old girl who presented with fever, a diffuse erythematous maculopapular rash, bilateral nonpurulent bulbar conjunctivitis, dry, red, fissured lips, a tongue with a strawberry "appearance", an erythematous pharynx, indurative erythema, and edema and desquamation of the face, hands and feet. she probably developed mitral valve prolapse during the course ...	1992	1440951
a foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis involving two different pathogens.	on the evening of october 10, 1990, many of the 474 inmates of a state prison in florida began to experience symptoms of gastroenteritis. an investigation included interviews with inmates, evaluation of the kitchen and food-handling practices, cultures of leftover food, stool cultures, and cultures from the nares and skin lesions of food handlers. of the 331 inmates interviewed, 215 (65%) had diarrhea, vomiting, or both. the median incubation period was 5 hours (range, 1-41 hours). cases with on ...	1992	1442724
chronic administration of cardiovascular drugs: altered energetics and transmembrane signaling.	the effects of clinically used cardioactive agents in furazolidone-induced cardiomyopathy in the turkey poult have been recently reported, and note-worthy differences in cardioprotective efficacy of adrenergic effectors, calcium channel blockers, and cardiac glycosides have been noted in animal and human studies of heart failure. we therefore investigated the effects of chronic oral administration of cardioactive agents on ventricular tissue from normal turkey poults, and we determined whether t ...	1992	1443209
genomic analysis of pediococcus starter cultures used to control listeria monocytogenes in turkey summer sausage.	the pulsed-field technique of clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis was employed to characterize and size genomic dna of three pediocin-producing (ped+) and two non-pediocin-producing (ped-) strains of pediococcus acidilactici. comparison of genomic fingerprints obtained by digestion with the low-frequency-cleavage endonuclease asci revealed identical restriction profiles for four of the five strains analyzed. summation of results for 10 individually sized asci fragments estimated t ...	1992	1444419
diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in gynaecology.	in this study 23 patients with various gynaecological pathologies were evaluated. ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed in all cases, but only 14 were evaluated with computed tomography. on the basis of ultrasonography, 4 patients were labelled as having malignant ovarian tumours, however, this diagnosis was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging in only 1 of the 4. magnetic resonance imaging also determined the correct diagnosis in a patient with endometrioma whereas co ...	1992	1445140
factors influencing prognosis in bacteremia due to gram-negative organisms: evaluation of 448 episodes in a turkish university hospital.	a total of 448 episodes of bacteremia due to gram-negative organisms observed during the 7-year period between 1983 and 1989 at hacettepe university hospitals were studied for evaluating the factors influencing the prognosis. the overall mortality rate was 45.0%. the mortality rates were not significantly different in "rapidly fatal" and "ultimately fatal" disease groups (48.3% and 45.5%, respectively), whereas it was significantly less (34.8%) in the "nonfatal" disease group compared with the " ...	1992	1445987
cloning and sequencing of a gene encoding a 21-kilodalton outer membrane protein from bordetella avium and expression of the gene in salmonella typhimurium.	three gene libraries of bordetella avium 197 dna were prepared in escherichia coli le392 by using the cosmid vectors pcp13 and pya2329, a derivative of pcp13 specifying spectinomycin resistance. the cosmid libraries were screened with convalescent-phase anti-b. avium turkey sera and polyclonal rabbit antisera against b. avium 197 outer membrane proteins. one e. coli recombinant clone produced a 56-kda protein which reacted with convalescent-phase serum from a turkey infected with b. avium 197. i ...	1992	1447140
[caries in 2-3 year old children in relation to feeding habits and nationality].		1992	1449738
ethics in reproductive genetics.	ethics in reproductive genetics comprise descriptive ethics and normative ethics. ethical problems before prenatal diagnosis involve genetic counseling and informed consent for the choice patients must make. prenatal diagnosis using amniocentesis is controversial. an international survey of geneticists showed that 25% would do prenatal diagnosis for sex selection, and 17% would refer the couple elsewhere. hungary (60%), india (37%), the us (34%), canada (30%), greece (29%), and sweden (28%) w ...	1992	1451360
low-dose sultamicillin oral suspension in the treatment of mild to moderate paediatric infections in turkey.	a total of 101 children (47 males, 54 females; age range, 3 months-16 years) with mild to moderate upper or lower respiratory tract infections, or skin and soft tissue infections entered a clinical study conducted at two centres in izmir, turkey. the children received a mean daily dose of 25 mg/kg sultamicillin oral suspension administered as two equal doses approximately 12 h apart. in total, 100 children met all requirements for evaluability and were included in the clinical efficacy assessmen ...	1992	1451925
relative bio-availability of sultamicillin in healthy volunteers following administration of two tablet formulations.	the pharmacokinetics of both ampicillin and sulbactam obtained from a balanced, open two-way crossover study in 20 normal adult volunteers receiving a single 375 mg oral tablet of sultamicillin administered as two different formulations--the original product (duocid) and a generic formulation that is commercially available in turkey--were compared. pharmacokinetic parameters for the two formulations and for both ampicillin and sulbactam were tested for bio-equivalence by the two one-sided studen ...	1992	1451928
effects of genetic strain and light management on the reproductive performance of turkeys.	the laying performance of six genetic strains of turkeys, which have been bred and maintained at the ohio agricultural research and development center, wooster, oh, was compared under three laying house lighting regimens over a period of 3 yr. light treatment 1 (l1) consisted of 14 h of continuous light (l) and 10 h of dark (d; 14l:10d) throughout the laying period. treatment 2 (l2) consisted of 14 h of intermittent light (il, 15 min l and 45 min d/h) followed by 10 h of continuous dark. the il ...	1992	1454676
the effect of early protein restriction (zero to eight weeks) on skeletal development in turkey toms from two to eighteen weeks.	turkey toms were fed protein- and lysine-deficient diets or protein- and lysine-adequate diets from 0 to 4 and 5 to 8 wk and similar diets from 9 to 18 wk. beginning at 2 wk of age and at approximate 2-wk intervals thereafter, the length and width of the right tibia were measured in nine toms per treatment. the length and width of the femur were measured beginning at 8 wk. three tibiae that were close to the average length for each age and treatment were selected for ashing. the top 25% (epiphys ...	1992	1454685
effect of dietary supplemental pyridoxine levels on the hatchability of turkey eggs.	two identical experiments were conducted each with 120 large white turkey hens in individual cages to determine the value of dietary pyridoxine supplementation for increasing hatchability. the hens were fed a basal corn and soybean meal diet. weekly data responses were averaged across 5- to 6-wk timespans and recorded in three grouped time periods over the reproduction cycles. the hens were photostimulated at 31 wk of age and at 33 wk of age were assigned to dietary treatments containing 0, 6, 1 ...	1992	1454690
living unrelated donor kidney transplantation between spouses.	from november 3, 1975 to november 3, 1990, 874 kidney transplants were performed at out centers. of these, 675 (77.2%) were from living donors and 199 (22.8%) were from cadaver donors. five hundred eighty (66.4%) of the living donors were first degree related while 99 (11.3%) were unrelated or second degree related donors, 29 of which were spouses. all donor recipient pairs were abo-compatible, with the exception of one pair. donor recipient relations were wife to husband in 25 cases and husband ...	1992	1455893
neurosurgical publications in european journals.		1992	1456106
tissue distribution of insulin-like growth factor receptors in the turkey.	1. the distribution and relative insulin-like growth factor (igf) binding capacities of membranes derived from 14 tissues of the turkey were examined. 2. affinity cross-linking analyses using [125i]igf-i and [125i]igf-ii with membranes derived from the liver, pectoralis major muscle, gizzard, heart and brain indicated that both igfs interact with only type-i igf receptors on these tissues. 3. there was no evidence for the existence of a type-ii igf receptor in any tissue. 4. although considerabl ...	1992	1458836
diagnosis, antibiotic treatment and outcome of acute tonsillitis: report of a who regional office for europe study in 17 european countries.	the diagnostic and prescribing habits of general practitioners from 17 european countries for 4094 patients with acute tonsillitis were assessed, and differences in outcome were identified. at least 10 general practitioners from each country filled in a questionnaire for each episode of acute tonsillitis treated during a three month period, november 1989-may 1990. differences in days of fever and illness were tested by one-way analysis of variance. bacteriological tests were rarely used for diag ...	1992	1459378
beta gamma-subunit activation of g-protein-regulated phospholipase c.	the availability of purified g alpha 11 and the g-protein-regulated phospholipase c from turkey erythrocytes has allowed an examination of the direct effects of g-protein beta gamma-subunit on the components of the inositol lipid signaling system. reconstitution of purified turkey erythrocyte or bovine brain beta gamma-subunit into phospholipid vesicles containing g alpha 11 inhibited alf4- induced activation of phospholipase c. however, beta gamma-subunit at higher concentrations increased phos ...	1992	1460039
theileria annulata-infected cells produce abundant proteases whose activity is reduced by long-term cell culture.	lysates of theileria annulata-infected bovine lymphoblastoid cells and their uninfected counterparts were tested for protease activity using gelatin substrate sds-page. the infected cells produced a number of extra activities at ph 8.0 in the presence of ca2+. calcium was found to enhance the activities but was not an absolute requirement. studies using inhibitors, including e64, 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin, pepstatin and 1, 10-phenanthroline suggested that the activities were metalloproteases. we a ...	1992	1461683
[nsf's representative in turkey. interview by siv barstad].		1992	1463619
insecticide resistance gene frequencies in anopheles sacharovi populations of the cukurova plain, adana province, turkey.	in turkey, the mosquito anopheles sacharovi has been under field selection pressure sequentially with ddt, dieldrin, malathion and pirimiphosmethyl over a period of 30 years for the purpose of malaria control. in 1984, the field population of an.sacharovi in the malarious cukurova plain of adana province contained an altered acetylcholinesterase-based resistance gene giving broad spectrum resistance against organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. the cross-resistance spectrum from this mech ...	1992	1463899
gastric carcinoma in northwestern turkey: epidemiologic characteristics.	we studied 252 newly diagnosed gastric cancer patients seen at our institution between 1977 and 1991 and compared the findings with 609 age- and gender-matched controls. there was no difference in the mean age and the m:f ratio. most of our patients were rural dwellers from a low socio-economic group. the proximal portion of the stomach was most often involved. no statistically significant differences were found with regard to the use of coffee, alcohol, starchy food, and fresh fruits. the relat ...	1992	1464818
the seroprevalence of hiv-1 and hbv infections in multitransfused pediatric hematology-oncology patients in istanbul.		1992	1467174
hepatitis and thrombocytopenia.		1992	1467625
surgical treatment in tetralogy of fallot diagnosed by echocardiography.	the purpose of this paper is to present the authors' 3-yr experience of echocardiographic examination of patients with the clinical diagnosis of tetralogy of fallot, and their evaluation for surgical treatment without prior cardiac catheterization. among the patients with the clinical diagnosis of tetralogy of fallot 227 had a definite diagnosis made by m-mode, two-dimensional, doppler and contrast echocardiography. for the diagnosis of tetralogy of fallot, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary s ...	1992	1468816
activity of fluconazole against candida albicans isolates from hiv+ patients in a digestive candidosis turkey model.	fluconazole activity against four strains of candida albicans (three isolates from aids patients and one azole-resistant isolate, ncpf 3363) was studied in a turkey crop infection model. isolate ncpf 3363 showed confirmed azole resistance in vitro and in vivo. two isolates from aids patients were susceptible to fluconazole in vitro and in vivo. the third isolate was resistant to fluconazole in vitro (mic = 100 micrograms ml-1), insensitive to 2.5 mg kg-1 but sensitive in vivo to a 5 mg kg-1 dail ...	1992	1469537
effects of age at lighting on reproduction of turkey hens.	two experiments were conducted to evaluate age at photostimulation on subsequent reproductive performance of large white turkey hens. all hens were exposed to short daylengths [8 h light (l):16 h dark (d)] for a minimum of 8 wk immediately prior to photostimulation with long day-lengths (16l:8d). photostimulation started at either 24, 26, 28, or 30 wk of age during january and february (experiment 1) or july and august (experiment 2). data were collected for body weight, time to onset of lay, eg ...	1992	1470593
[caries intensity in turkish children in germany and in turkey].	this study compares oral hygiene, dental care, dietary habits and caries prevalence among german and turkish children in germany with the turkish children in turkey. although german children have better oral hygiene and dental care habits than the turkish children, the caries prevalence of the turkish children in turkey is significantly lower because of their dietary habits.	1992	1470890
basis for regulation of selenium supplements in animal diets.	selenium was discovered 174 yr ago but, until 1957, was given little notice by biologists or was vilified as an agent that caused toxicity in grazing ruminants and horses in the northern great plains. after its status as an essential nutrient was established, se received intense scrutiny, and hundreds of papers have been published dealing with its metabolic functions and the consequences of a se deficiency. because regions of se deficiency are so extensive in the united states, great efforts hav ...	1992	1474028
neural tube defects in eastern black sea region in 1990.		1992	1475220
plasma lipids and their interrelationship in turkish adults.	the aim was to describe the plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride profiles in a random sample of turkish adults and analyse the effects of certain coronary risk factors on these levels.	1992	1479313
discrepancies in turkey rhinotracheitis elisa results using different antigens.		1992	1481348
psychosocial aspects of cardiac rehabilitation in europe.	while the present objectives of cardiac rehabilitation include recovery or restoration of everyday behaviour and secondary prevention, the effects of the traditional exercise-based, cardiac rehabilitation programmes are quite modest. it is argued that psychological interventions may affect these targets more easily, since there is evidence from controlled studies that psychological interventions may have beneficial effects on psychosocial recovery, compliance with medical advice and cardiovascul ...	1992	1483157
a review of 43 cases of tetanus neonatorum.	forty-three patients with neonatal tetanus admitted to the infectious diseases ward of the istanbul university faculty of medicine children's hospital at capa from 1982-1989 are presented. thirty-two (74.4%) of the subjects were boys. the overall mortality was found to be 60 percent and the mean incubation period 6.1 +/- 20 days. the mean period between onset of symptoms and hospital admission was 1.7 days. thirty-nine (90.7%) of the 43 patients were unhygienic home deliveries and only two cases ...	1992	1485378
the evaluation of vaccination against measles at nine months of age (report of an epidemic).	sixteen measles cases were studied during an epidemic that broke out in etimesgut district of ankara. eight of these children had never been vaccinated against measles while the remainder had been vaccinated at nine months of age. in the sera obtained during the course of the illness, anti-measles antibody was not detectable in six vaccinated children and in four unvaccinated children. upon observing the siblings of the subjects, it was determined that one out of three who had not been vaccinate ...	1992	1485379
neonatal peritonitis.	a retrospective study was undertaken over an eight-year period to assess the mortality rate of 66 newborns who had undergone surgery in our clinic because of peritonitis. the mortality rate for the patients admitted in poor condition was 95.2 percent, whereas it was 45.5 percent for those in good condition. there was a 100 percent mortality associated with newborns that had hypothermia and with those that had severe respiratory difficulties, whereas it was 92.3 percent for low-birth-weight infan ...	1992	1485383
meckel gruber syndrome: a case diagnosed in utero.	a case of meckel gruber syndrome is presented, diagnosed prenatally from the medical history of the mother which revealed a previous malformed stillborn with anencephaly, meningomyelocele, polydactyly and ambiguous genitalia. this was the first prenatally diagnosed case ever reported in turkey. the clinical, computed tomography and postmortem findings and the related literature are reviewed.	1992	1485386
effect of hypoxia and diet on spontaneous turkey cardiomyopathy (round-heart disease).	the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of hypoxia-induced hypoxemia and rate of growth on spontaneous dilatory cardiomyopathy in turkey poults. turkey poults grown in a hypobaric chamber at an atmospheric pressure of 592 mmhg (calculated partial pressure of oxygen: 124 mmhg; calculated altitude and o2 equivalents: 2054 m and 16.3%) on a rapid-growth diet developed a mainly right ventricular dilatory cardiomyopathy typical of the acute form of spontaneous turkey cardiomyopathy (stc). ...	1992	1485855
turkey macrophage and heterophil bactericidal activity against pasteurella multocida.	bactericidal activity of turkey macrophages and heterophils was demonstrated in an in vitro colorimetric bactericidal assay. two vaccine strains and one field isolate of pasteurella multocida a:3,4 and a single isolate each of escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus were compared for susceptibility to the bactericidal activity of turkey macrophages and heterophils. only p. multocida a:3,4-strain m-9 (the least virulent strain) was susceptible to macrophage bactericidal activity in the absence ...	1992	1485882
the factor structure of the 28-item general health questionnaire when used in japanese early adolescents and adult employees: age- and cross-cultural comparisons.	the principal-component analysis (pca) with varimax rotation on the 28-item general health questionnaire (ghq-28) in japanese translation was performed separately for two samples of the japanese population: early adolescents (junior high school students) and adult employees. the initial pca yielded different number of components across sub-samples. the later pca, however, with restriction of the number of components four generally produced a similar structure across sub-samples by means of visua ...	1992	1486106
unrecognised neurobrucellosis giving rise to brucella melitensis peritonitis via a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.		1992	1486897
salpingitis isthmica nodosa in infertility and ectopic pregnancy.	excised tubal segments from 94 infertile women with tubal obstruction, with a mean infertility duration of 5.3 years, and 40 women with ectopic tubal pregnancy were studied histopathologically to evaluate the association with salpingitis isthmica nodosa (sin). the mean age of the 94 infertile women with tubal obstruction was 24.5 years. hysterosalpingographies and laparoscopy were performed on all of them. only the women with ectopic pregnancies we performed salpingectomy on were included in the ...	1992	1487176
the association between hla b5 and ocular involvement in behçet's disease in southern turkey.	hla b5 plays an important role in the aetiology of behçet's disease. the frequency of hla b5 differs between racial groups and geographical regions. ocular involvement, which could lead to serious complications, is a very important feature of behçet's disease. various racial groups having different genetic properties live in the cukurova region, located in southern turkey. to investigate the role of hla b5 in behçet's disease in cukurova region, hla b5 antigens were investigated by lymphocytotox ...	1992	1488888
fungal contamination of kashar cheese in turkey.	fifty random samples of kashar cheese were collected from shops in different localities in erzurum, all contained moulds. mean count of total surface mould was 3.02 x 10(10)/g cheese and that of inner mould was 3.02 x 10(3)/g cheese. the genera penicillium, aspergillus, mucor, rhizopus and geotrichum sp. were isolated from cheese samples. aflatoxins were not detected in cheese samples. potassium sorbate inhibited mould growth and sporulation in yes broth. the public health importance and economi ...	1992	1491710
[health care. it takes time to change traditions].		1992	1492309
[health care. from village to concrete suburb].	in the middle of the city of arhus, denmark, in a building playground, teachers use the natural elements and raise animals to teach about nature. the 175 children who attend this institution are responsible for the care of the animals, and no pedagogical problems exist. similarly, in the village of sarkisla, in the province of siva in central turkey, children are responsible for the care of animals and other chores, and have no problems in growing up. however, when these children move to gelleru ...	1992	1492312
opinions about and reactions to suicide, and the social acceptance of a suicidal classmate among turkish high school students.	the present study investigated the opinions about suicide and reactions to a suicidal peer among 89 female and 78 male turkish high school students. females more than males believed that suicide should be discussed among friends. more males than females perceived suicidal persons to be mentally ill and to be punished in the other world. females showed greater acceptance for a suicidal classmate than males. an attitude for openly discussing suicide was associated with higher acceptance of a suici ...	1992	1493956
peritoneal tuberculosis in two young immigrants with fever of unknown origin.	two patients with long-standing fever and weight loss underwent extensive diagnostic procedures before peritoneal tuberculosis was diagnosed by explorative laparatomy. by that time they had developed signs of intestinal obstruction. both recovered after treatment, but one developed serious neurological complications, which could not be explained. peritoneal tuberculosis is a manifestation of tuberculosis that is often difficult to diagnose. it should be borne in mind when diagnosing patients wit ...	1992	1494400
naftifine treatment for dermatophytosis: multicenter clinical investigations in turkey. turkish multicenter dermatophytosis study group.		1992	1503576
consanguineous marriages in the province of trabzon, turkey.	this study involved 999 married women, aged between 15 and 49, at the twelve health centres in the province of trabzon in order to determine the ratio of consanguineous marriages, the factors affecting this situation, the ratios of abortion and the mortality of children in the first year. this ratio of consanguineous marriages was found 20 percent. the education levels of the great majority of these were low. the average age was 18. these were most frequently between children of paternal aunts a ...	1992	1505395
role of chlamydia trachomatis infections in infertility due to tubal factor.	the prevalence of igg antibodies to c. trachomatis was determined in 185 infertile women who underwent laparoscopy, and 110 pregnant women with no known infertility problems. in addition, chlamydial antigens were evaluated by eia in cervical samples taken from all subjects. subjects with tubal infertility had the highest prevalence of chlamydial antigen and antibody (p less than 0.01). while the percentage of subjects with antigen and antibody positive was 11.6 per cent, those with antigen negat ...	1992	1506064
horizontal transmission of hepatitis b virus infection.		1992	1506648
the etiological role of diet, smoking, and drinking habits of patients with esophageal carcinoma in turkey.	esophageal cancer has a known high incidence in areas adjacent to the caspian sea and in northeastern turkey. this study compares the incidence of esophageal cancer in bursa (northwestern turkey) with an age-matched control population. factors associated with esophageal cancer and significantly at variance with controls include: age over 70, low income, smoking more than one pack of cigarettes per day, and low vegetable and fresh fruit intake.	1992	1507072
comparison of children and adults with tuberculous meningitis in elaziğ, turkey.	retrospective evaluation of 16 cases of tuberculous meningitis revealed that bcg vaccination and tuberculin positivity were rare in pediatric as well as adult patients. children with disease had developmental retardation and a high rate of maternal illiteracy as compared to normal controls.	1992	1507303
learned helplessness and explanatory style in turkish samples.		1992	1507872
crowding effects of density and interpersonal distance.	in this study, turkish teenagers were the subjects in an investigation of the effects of spatial and social variables on perceived crowding. in study 1, male and female subjects were presented with diagrams that simulated social situations in which (a) distance between the subject and other persons, (b) number, or density, of subjects, (c) sex, and (d) friendship were systematically varied. results indicated a significant crowding effect for interpersonal distance but not for density. in study 2 ...	1992	1507878
public health focus: effectiveness of smoking-control strategies--united states.	in 1990, approximately 46 million adults in the united states continued to smoke; however, more than 44 million persons were former smokers (1) who had reduced their risk for the leading causes of death in the united states (2). smoking-cessation methods can be categorized as 1) self-help strategies (e.g., quitting abruptly and completely ["cold turkey"], using quitting manuals, or using nonprescription drugs) or 2) assisted strategies (e.g., smoking-cessation clinics, hypnosis, acupuncture, or ...	1992	1508130
effects of cortisol and growth hormone on the metabolism of liver and bone in children with malnutrition.	a protein-energy deficit produces stress in the organism affecting all systems. proportional to the degree of disease, cortisol and gh are mostly responsible for some of these effects. to investigate the effects on liver and bone, cortisol, gh, ast, alt, alp activities and ca(t) and p(i) in serum were measured in 21 marasmus, nine kwashiorkor and 34 control children. in the marasmus group, we found a positive correlation between cortisol and ast, alt and ca(t) and a negative correlation between ...	1992	1509526
[histomorphometric study of the superficial pectoral muscle of the turkey. relationship with the meat discoloration syndrome].	scallop discoloration affects about 30% of turkey carcasses, causing important economic losses. histological and histomorphometric analyses of the superficial pectoral muscle were performed in order to show distinctive aspects of discolored scallops and predictive criteria for the phenomenon. pectoral muscles of live male turkeys were biopsied 8 d before slaughter. twenty four h after slaughtering, the same animals were classified into 2 distinctive classes by reflectometry (pale and dark muscle ...	1992	1510338
pernicious anemia in turkey.	pernicious anemia patients who were diagnosed during a 5-year period in cukurova university hospital, adana, turkey were reviewed. of approximately 200 new patients per year accepted by the hematology unit 44 were diagnosed as having pernicious anemia. there were 30 males and 14 females. the mean age for men was 49.14 +/- 18.11 and that for women was 40.00 +/- 14.05. both values and the mean age overall were lower than the reported mean age for whites, blacks and latin americans living in the un ...	1992	1511161
[symposium "ciflozin (ciprofloxacin)--a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug"].		1992	1514870
structure determination of turkey egg-white lysozyme using laue diffraction data.	the three-dimensional structure of turkey egg-white lysozyme (tewl) has been solved and refined at 2.5 a resolution using x-ray data collected by the laue method. this is the first protein structure determination undertaken using laue diffraction data. a re-examination of the existing structure of tewl was necessary when attempts to refine an atomic model based on the c alpha positions in the protein data bank (entry 1lz2) failed. the correct orientation and position of the turkey lysozyme molec ...	1992	1515108
improving obstetric outcomes in ethnic minorities: an evaluation of health advocacy in hackney.	ethnic differences in birthweight, perinatal mortality and other obstetric outcomes are now well known. in some districts with a significant ethnic minority population, services are provided for non-english-speaking women using maternity units. various models have developed, including translators, interpreters, linkworkers, the department of health funded asian mother and baby campaign and health advocates. this paper describes the evaluation of a health advocacy programme in hackney, east londo ...	1992	1515202
a novel frameshift mutation: deletion of c in codons 74/75 of the beta-globin gene causes beta zero-thalassemia in a turkish patient.		1992	1517110
use of antibody fragments in immunoaffinity chromatography. comparison of fv fragments, vh fragments and paralog peptides.	some new antibody fragments have recently been described: fv fragments (mr 25,000), vh fragments or "dabs" (12,500) and paralog peptides (1000-2000). fv fragments, vh fragments and a paralog peptide that had been derived from a parent antibody with a specificity for hen lysozyme were produced. all three reagents were immobilized on sepharose and evaluated for their ability to recover hen lysozyme from "spiked" serum and to separate hen lysozyme from turkey lysozyme. the fv column had excellent s ...	1992	1517323