Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| persistently infected horses are reservoirs for intrastadial tick-borne transmission of the apicomplexan parasite babesia equi. | tick-borne pathogens may be transmitted intrastadially and transstadially within a single vector generation as well as vertically between generations. understanding the mode and relative efficiency of this transmission is required for infection control. in this study, we established that adult male rhipicephalus microplus ticks efficiently acquire the protozoal pathogen babesia equi during acute and persistent infections and transmit it intrastadially to naïve horses. although the level of paras ... | 2008 | 18490466 |
| neuropeptide discovery in ixodoidea: an in silico investigation using publicly accessible expressed sequence tags. | the ixodoidea (ticks) are important vectors in the transmission of many human diseases; for example, the blacklegged tick ixodes scapularis is the major vector in the transmission of lyme disease, the most frequently reported vector-borne illness in the united states. the development of expressed sequence tags (ests) for ixodoidean cdna libraries, and their public deposition, has generated a rich resource for protein discovery in members of this taxon, thereby providing an opportunity for better ... | 2008 | 18495123 |
| rbmti-6, a kunitz-bpti domain protease inhibitor from the tick boophilus microplus, its cloning, expression and biochemical characterization. | boophilus microplus is a rich source of trypsin inhibitors, numerous kunitz-bpti (bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor) inhibitors have been described from larvae and eggs, named bmtis. among them, were characterized inhibitors for trypsin, human neutrophil elastase, human plasma kallikrein and plasmin. bmtis elicited a protective immunological response against b. microplus infestation in cattle. however, only a small amount of purified natural bmtis can be obtained from larvae and eggs by chroma ... | 2008 | 18502587 |
| acaricidal activity of the hyacinthacine analogues derived from pyrrolizidine alkaloids on rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | this study reports the effect of six hyacinthacine analogues derived from pyrrolizidine alkaloids on egg hatchability and mortality rates of newly hatched larvae of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. all the compounds were toxic to the larvae of the ticks and inhibited the eggs hatchability in the higher concentration tested (5 microg/ml). even in the lowest concentration (0.625 microg/ml), some effect in the eggs hatchability was observed. | 2008 | 18509677 |
| inheritance of pyrethroid resistance and a sodium channel gene mutation in the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | a substitution (phe-->ile) within the sodium channel gene sequence has been associated with pyrethroid resistance in boophilus microplus. the aim of the present study was to analyze the inheritance of pyrethroid resistance and the mutant allele, on reciprocal crosses of a susceptible (ss) and a resistant (rr) strain. bioassays and genotypes were determined to evaluate pyrethroid resistance. the resistance allele frequency of both parental strains were 100% and 2.27% for rr and ss, respectively. ... | 2008 | 18528710 |
| genetics and mechanisms of permethrin resistance in the santa luiza strain of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the santa luiza strain of the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini) (acari: ixodidae), is resistant to both permethrin and amitraz. a study was conducted at the usda cattle fever tick research laboratory in texas to investigate the genetic basis of permethrin resistance with cross-mating experiments, and to determine the mechanisms of permethrin resistance through synergist bioassays and biochemical analysis of esterase profiles. the muñoz strain, an acaricide-susceptible refere ... | 2008 | 18533436 |
| antibody complementarity-determining regions (cdrs) can display differential antimicrobial, antiviral and antitumor activities. | complementarity-determining regions (cdrs) are immunoglobulin (ig) hypervariable domains that determine specific antibody (ab) binding. we have shown that synthetic cdr-related peptides and many decapeptides spanning the variable region of a recombinant yeast killer toxin-like antiidiotypic ab are candidacidal in vitro. an alanine-substituted decapeptide from the variable region of this ab displayed increased cytotoxicity in vitro and/or therapeutic effects in vivo against various bacteria, fung ... | 2008 | 18545659 |
| transcriptome analysis of loxosceles laeta (araneae, sicariidae) spider venomous gland using expressed sequence tags. | the bite of spiders belonging to the genus loxosceles can induce a variety of clinical symptoms, including dermonecrosis, thrombosis, vascular leakage, haemolysis, and persistent inflammation. in order to examine the transcripts expressed in venom gland of loxosceles laeta spider and to unveil the potential of its products on cellular structure and functional aspects, we generated 3,008 expressed sequence tags (ests) from a cdna library. | 2008 | 18547439 |
| [evaluation of efficacy of ripe and unripe fruit oil extracts of melia azedarach against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae)]. | hexanic extracts gotten of the fruits of cinamomo (melia azedarach) were tested on engorged females and larvae of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. four extracts were produced: one of unripe fruits and three of ripe fruits, being one with the fruits immediately processed, another one with fruits stored for five months and one tested after storage of the extract for 2 (two) years at 4 degrees c. the tests were made in triplicate, in 0.25% - 0.0156% dilutions. the effectiveness of extracts was ... | 2008 | 18554439 |
| [occurrence of borrelia spp. in culture of embryonic cells of the tick boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in the state of the mato grosso do sul, brazil]. | the aim of the present work was to report the occurrence of borrelia spp. in embryonic cell cultures from naturally infected boophilus microplus. seven days after the beginning of a primary culture of embryonic cells of b. microplus at 31 degrees c was noted that the cells start suffering degeneration. under examination at phase contrast microscope, the presence of prolongated microorganisms with great mobility was detected. microscopic slides of the culture supernatant, hemolymph and egg mass, ... | 2008 | 18554442 |
| endectocide activity of a new long-action formulation containing 2.25% ivermectin+1.25% abamectin in cattle. | the present work aimed to evaluate the endectocide activity of a new injectable long-action formulation, containing ivermectin (ivm) and abamectin (aba). in each one of the four experiments performed, the following groups were formed: group i: 2.25% ivm (450 microg/kg)+1.25% aba (250 microg/kg), group ii: 3.15% ivm (630 microg/kg) and group iii: control. eighteen bovine naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematoda were selected for anthelmintic evaluation and necropsied on posttreatment day ( ... | 2008 | 18562119 |
| serologically defined rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus larval antigens in bmlf3, a partially pure sephacryl s-300 fraction of crude larval proteins. | this report is designed to provide additional information regarding larval soluble proteins toward the planned development of a comprehensive database of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus proteins that elicit a humoral immune response in cattle as a result of natural ectoparasite infestation. larval proteins of r. microplus are complex and the protein profile is not dominated by any major proteins. this report focuses upon an s-300 sephacryl (molecular sieve) column fraction, fraction 3 (bmlf3 ... | 2008 | 18562121 |
| detection of babesia bigemina in cattle of different genetic groups and in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus tick. | babesia bigemina infections were investigated in four genetic groups of beef cattle and in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus engorged female ticks. blood samples and engorged female ticks were collected from 15 cows and 15 calves from each of the following genetic groups: nelore, angus x nelore, canchim x nelore, and simmental x nelore. microscopic examination of blood smears and tick hemolymph revealed that merozoites of b. bigemina (6/60) as well as kinetes of babesia spp. (9/549) were only ... | 2008 | 18565674 |
| in vitro and in vivo evaluation of deltamethrin and amitraz mixtures for the control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) in new caledonia. | acaricide resistance is a major problem that hinders the control of the tropical cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini), in many parts of the world where cattle production continues to suffer severe economic losses to tick infestation. deltamethrin and amitraz have been used alone to control r. microplus in new caledonia for the past decade, and tick populations have developed resistance to both acaricides. a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of deltamethri ... | 2008 | 18565679 |
| systemic alterations of bovine hemostasis due to rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus infestation. | the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is a hematophagous ectoparasite that causes considerable economic losses to cattle breeding. although r. microplus saliva contains several molecules that interfere with the blood coagulation process, so far the systemic alterations in the host hemostatic system have not been described. this study aims to determine if r. microplus infestation induces any disturbance to the host's hemostatic system. to address these questions, six calves were experiment ... | 2009 | 18571684 |
| anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a directs cell surface display of tick bm95 immunogenic peptides on escherichia coli. | the surface display of heterologous proteins on live escherichia coli using anchoring motifs from outer membranes proteins has impacted on many areas of biochemistry, molecular biology and biotechnology. the anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a (msp1a) contains n-terminal surface-exposed repeated peptides (28-289 amino acids) that are involved in pathogen interaction with host cell receptors and is surface-displayed when the recombinant protein is expressed in e. coli. therefore, it was ... | 2008 | 18582976 |
| topically applied myco-acaricides for the control of cattle ticks: overcoming the challenges. | in the absence of commercially viable and environmentally friendly options, the management of cattle ticks is heavily dependent on the use of chemical acaricides. due to recent advances in production, formulation and application technology, commercial fungus-based biological pesticides (myco-insecticides, myco-acaricides) are becoming increasingly popular for the control of plant pests; however, they have not been used against animal ectoparasites. the literature clearly demonstrates that entomo ... | 2008 | 18584131 |
| succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase from the parasitic cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus: gene identification, biochemical characterization and comparison with the mouse ortholog. | the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) degradation pathway consists of the enzymes gaba transaminase and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ssadh) and is essential for the development and functionality of the nervous system in mammals, while little is known on its role in invertebrates. in this study we report the gene identification, cdna cloning and heterologous functional expression of a ssadh from the cattle tick rhipicephalus (r.) microplus. in contrast to mammals and the insect model organis ... | 2008 | 18588919 |
| effect of surface area to weight ratio of egg masses on the hatchability of boophilus microplus eggs. | on global basis, ticks transmit a number of pathogens than any other arthropod vector, and are among the most important vectors of diseases affecting humans, livestock and companion animals. control of the vector has been focused on integrated management involving strategic use of insecticides, use of vaccines, use of herbal acaricides and breed resistance. it has been established that tick vaccine is working on limiting the egg laying potentiality and subsequent hatchability of the ticks fed on ... | 2008 | 18592846 |
| growth of tick-borne encephalitis virus (european subtype) in cell lines from vector and non-vector ticks. | we undertook a comparative study of the susceptibility of different tick cell lines to infection with the european subtype of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), prototype strain neudoerfl. the growth of tbev was investigated in lines derived from vector ixodes ricinus l. ticks (ire/ctvm18, 19, and 20), as well as non-vector ticks, namely ixodes scapularis say (ide2), boophilus microplus canestrini (bme/ctvm2), hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum koch (hae/ctvm9), rhipicephalus appendiculatus neuma ... | 2008 | 18602711 |
| disruption of circulation by ethanol promotes fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (fasd) in medaka (oryzias latipes) embryogenesis. | japanese medaka (oryzias latipes) embryos exposed to ethanol have developed craniofacial, cardiovascular and skeletal defects which can be compared with the phenotypic features of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (fasd) observed in human. the present experiment was designed to show that the disruption in circulation by ethanol during embryogenesis is a potential cause of fasd. fertilized eggs were exposed to ethanol (0, 100 and/or 400 mm) for 24 or 48 h at various developmental stages (iwamatsu s ... | 2008 | 18621148 |
| [control in vitro tick (boophilus microplus; acari: ixodidae) through plant extracts]. | control in vitro tick (boophilus microplus; acari: ixodidae) through plant extracts. hydro-alcohol extracts of ten tropical plants were tested by the immersion method on mature ticks (boophilus microplus canestrini 1887). the biological evaluation was made with raw hydro alcoholic extracts (r-oh) to determine the most promissory compounds, which later were fractioned in their polar and non-polar parts. the polar parts showed a significantly inferior effect. the species that produced the highest ... | 2008 | 18624244 |
| presence of pathogenic borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks and rodents in zhejiang, south-east china. | a molecular epidemiological survey was conducted to investigate the presence of pathogenic borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) species in the forest areas of zhejiang province, south-east china. a total of 182 ticks of 6 species and 200 rodents of 8 species were collected and individually examined for the presence of b. burgdorferi s.l. dna by nested pcr targeting the 5s-23s rrna intergenic spacer. forty-one ticks of four species, haemaphysalis concinna, haemaphysalis longicornis, rhipicephal ... | 2008 | 18628499 |
| validation of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of babesia bigemina antibodies in cattle. | a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) based on a broadly conserved, species-specific, b-cell epitope within the c terminus of babesia bigemina rhoptry-associated protein 1a was validated for international use. receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed 16% inhibition as the threshold for a negative result, with an associated specificity of 98.3% and sensitivity of 94.7%. increasing the threshold to 21% increased the specificity to 100% but modestly decreased the sensi ... | 2008 | 18632921 |
| pen studies on the control of cattle tick (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) with metarhizium anisopliae (sorokin). | three field trials were conducted over 12 months to assess the pathogenicity of metarhizium anisopliae to parasitic stages of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus on dairy heifers under different environmental conditions. two isolates were selected based on their high optimal growth temperature (30 degrees c), good spore production characteristics and ability to quickly kill adult engorged ticks in the laboratory. spores were formulated in an oil emulsion and applied using a motor driven spray un ... | 2008 | 18639382 |
| evidence of the role of tick subolesin in gene expression. | subolesin is an evolutionary conserved protein that was discovered recently in ixodes scapularis as a tick protective antigen and has a role in tick blood digestion, reproduction and development. in other organisms, subolesin orthologs may be involved in the control of developmental processes. because of the profound effect of subolesin knockdown in ticks and other organisms, we hypothesized that subolesin plays a role in gene expression, and therefore affects multiple cellular processes. the ob ... | 2008 | 18673577 |
| gene expression in the skin of bos taurus and bos indicus cattle infested with the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus (formerly boophilus microplus) is responsible for severe production losses to the cattle industry worldwide. it has long been known that different breeds of cattle can resist tick infestation to varying degrees; however, the mechanisms by which resistant cattle prevent heavy infestation are largely unknown. the aim of this study was to determine whether gene expression varied significantly between skin sampling sites (neck, chest and tail region), and whet ... | 2008 | 18676027 |
| ticks produce highly selective chemokine binding proteins with antiinflammatory activity. | bloodsucking parasites such as ticks have evolved a wide variety of immunomodulatory proteins that are secreted in their saliva, allowing them to feed for long periods of time without being detected by the host immune system. one possible strategy used by ticks to evade the host immune response is to produce proteins that selectively bind and neutralize the chemokines that normally recruit cells of the innate immune system that protect the host from parasites. we have identified distinct cdnas e ... | 2008 | 18678732 |
| compatibility between the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema glaseri (rhabditida: steinernematidae) and an acaricide in the control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | there have been studies of the compatibility between entomopathogenic nematodes and insecticides commonly used to control crop pests, but this same approach has not been widely studied regarding the control of ticks. therefore, this work examines the association between a species of entomopathogenic nematode, steinernema glaseri, and an organophosphate acaricide to control the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus. engorged females were separated into 12 groups, with ten repetitions each, immersed ... | 2008 | 18704497 |
| tick control methods used by resource-limited farmers and the effect of ticks on cattle in rural areas of the eastern cape province, south africa. | a survey to document tick control methods used by resource-limited farmers in the control of cattle ticks in the eastern cape province of south africa was conducted by interviewing 59 cattle farmers using structured questionnaires and general conversation. information collected was on external parasites of cattle, their effects and their control methods. ticks were reported to be a major problem causing diseases like anaplasmosis (89.8%), babesiosis (55.9%) and ehrlichiosis (16.9%), as well as w ... | 2009 | 18704741 |
| exopolyphosphatases in nuclear and mitochondrial fractions during embryogenesis of the hard tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the present work evaluated polyphosphate (poly p) metabolism in nuclear and mitochondrial fractions during rhipicephalus microplus embryogenesis. nuclear poly p decreased and activity of exopolyphosphatase (ppx - polyphosphate-phosphohydrolases; ec 3.6.1.11) increased after embryo cellularization until the end of embryogenesis. the utilization of mitochondrial poly p content occurred between embryo cellularization and segmentation stages. increasing amounts of total rna extracted from eggs progr ... | 2008 | 18706514 |
| gene structure and expression of a pyrethroid-metabolizing esterase, czest9, from a pyrethroid resistant mexican population of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | a population of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) (acari: ixodidae), designated coatzacoalcos, sampled from a ranch near veracruz, mexico, was found to possess a high level of resistance to pyrethroid-based acaricides. bioassay and biochemical and molecular analysis had previously shown that resistance in this population could primarily be attributed to expression of a highly active metabolic esterase designated czest9. we cloned and sequenced the entire czest9 coding region, incl ... | 2008 | 18714867 |
| molecular evolution of neuropeptides in the genus drosophila. | neuropeptides comprise the most diverse group of neuronal signaling molecules. they often occur as multiple sequence-related copies within single precursors (the prepropeptides). these multiple sequence-related copies have not arisen by gene duplication, and it is debated whether they are mutually redundant or serve specific functions. the fully sequenced genomes of 12 drosophila species provide a unique opportunity to study the molecular evolution of neuropeptides. | 2008 | 18717992 |
| transgene expression and silencing in a tick cell line: a model system for functional tick genomics. | the genome project of the black legged tick, ixodes scapularis, provides sequence data for testing gene function and regulation in this important pathogen vector. we tested sleeping beauty (sb), a tc1/mariner group transposable element, and cationic lipid-based transfection reagents for delivery and genomic integration of transgenes into i. scapularis cell line ise6. plasmid dna and dsrna were effectively transfected into ise6 cells and they were successfully transformed to express a red fluores ... | 2008 | 18722527 |
| canine babesiosis caused by babesia canis vogeli in rural areas of the state of minas gerais, brazil and factors associated with its seroprevalence. | this epidemiological survey on canine babesiosis was carried out in three distinct rural regions (lavras, belo horizonte and nanuque) of the state of minas gerais, brazil. ticks and blood samples were collected during a dry season (lavras, n=92; belo horizonte, n=50; nanuque, n=102) and the subsequent rainy season (lavras, n=71; belo horizonte, n=28; nanuque, n=66) from dogs living on farms. plasma samples were analyzed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test for detection of anti-babesia cani ... | 2009 | 18723199 |
| an insight into the salivary transcriptome and proteome of the soft tick and vector of epizootic bovine abortion, ornithodoros coriaceus. | the salivary glands of blood-sucking arthropods contain a redundant 'magic potion' that counteracts their vertebrate host's hemostasis, inflammation, and immunity. we here describe the salivary transcriptome and proteomics (sialome) of the soft tick ornithodoros coriaceus. the resulting analysis helps to consolidate the classification of common proteins found in both soft and hard ticks, such as the lipocalins, kunitz, cystatin, basic tail, hebraein, defensin, til domain, metalloprotease, 5'-nuc ... | 2008 | 18725333 |
| prevention of lyme disease and other tick-borne infections. | prevention is the best method for avoiding potentially serious complications of lyme and other tick-borne diseases. in this article, we discuss preventative measures that can be used by individuals or communities. among the topics discussed are personal protective measures, tick reduction, reservoir reduction, and vaccination. additionally, new preventative measures that are in development-including new lyme disease vaccines, antitick vaccines, and reservoir-targeted vaccination-are discussed. | 2008 | 18755380 |
| acaricidal activity of limonene, limonene oxide and beta-amino alcohol derivatives on rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | limonene, limonene oxide and eight beta-amino alcohol derivatives obtained by synthesis were investigated for the effect on egg hatchability and mortality rates of newly hatched larvae of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. at the doses between 10 microg/ml and 2.5 microg/ml all the compounds were highly lethal to the larvae and some of them showed activity at lower concentrations. the effect on the eggs hatchability was observed in all the treatments. | 2008 | 18755549 |
| questions on mediterranean spotted fever a century after its discovery. | mediterranean spotted fever (msf) was first described in 1910. twenty years later, it was recognized as a rickettsial disease transmitted by the brown dog tick. in contrast to rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf), msf was thought to be a benign disease; however, the first severe case that resulted in death was reported in france in the 1980s. we have noted important changes in the epidemiology of msf in the last 10 years, with emergence and reemergence of msf in several countries. advanced molecu ... | 2008 | 18760001 |
| subversion of complement by hematophagous parasites. | the complement system is a crucial part of innate and adaptive immunity which exerts a significant evolutionary pressure on pathogens. it has selected for those pathogens, mainly microorganisms but also parasites, that have evolved countermeasures. the characterization of how pathogens evade complement attack is a rapidly developing field of current research. in recent years, multiple complement evasion strategies have been characterized. in this review, we focus on complement escape mechanisms ... | 2009 | 18762211 |
| efficacy of azadirachta indica extracts against boophilus microplus. | extracts were prepared from leaf, bark, and seed of azadirachta indica, leaf and seed of prunus persica, bark of mangifera indica, and leaf of psidium guajava and were evaluated against boophilus microplus. of the eight extracts screened, the extracts prepared from the a. indica seed showed very high level of efficacy (80%) after 5 h of treatment. besides the immediate effect on adult ticks, the egg-laying properties of the survived ticks was also assessed, and a significant reduction (p < 0.01) ... | 2008 | 18769940 |
| functional characterization and novel rickettsiostatic effects of a kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor from the tick dermacentor variabilis. | here we report the novel bacteriostatic function of a five-domain kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor (kpi) from the tick dermacentor variabilis. as ticks feed, they release anticoagulants, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive molecules that mediate the formation of the feeding lesion on the mammalian host. a number of kpis have been isolated and characterized from tick salivary gland extracts. interestingly, we observe little d. variabilis kpi gene expression in the salivary gland and abun ... | 2008 | 18779339 |
| an extraovarian aspartic protease accumulated in tick oocytes with vitellin-degradation activity. | an aspartic endopeptidase named thap, from the eggs of the tick riphicephalus (boophilus) microplus, has been suggested to be involved in vitellin-degradation. here we characterized this enzyme further, showing that thap mrna is present in the fat body, midgut and ovary of ticks, in two developmental stages (partially and fully engorged females). however, higher transcription levels were found in fully engorged vitellogenic females. the thap protein was detected in the haemolymph, midgut and fat ... | 2008 | 18782630 |
| efficiency of a recombinant msa-2c-based elisa to establish the persistence of antibodies in cattle vaccinated with babesia bovis. | bovine babesiosis is caused by babesia bovis and b. bigemina in argentina. these protozoans are prevalent north of parallel 30 degrees s, where their natural vector rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is widespread. to prevent babesiosis outbreaks in endemic areas, an increasing population of 4-10-month-old calves are vaccinated with low virulence b. bovis r1a (bbor1a) and b. bigemina s1a (bbis1a) strains. in non-endemic areas, an additional calf population is also vaccinated and boostered as ad ... | 2008 | 18783887 |
| detection of francisella tularensis in ticks and identification of their genotypes using multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis. | tularemia was reported in china over 50 years ago, however, many epidemical characteristics remain unclear. in the present study, the prevalence of francisella tularensis in ticks was investigated during an epidemiological surveillance in china and then we measured their genetic diversity by conducting multiple-locus variable- number tandem repeat analysis (mlva). | 2008 | 18798995 |
| identification of genes involved with tick infestation in bos taurus and bos indicus. | tick resistant cattle could provide a potentially sustainable and environmentally sound method of controlling cattle ticks. advances in genomics and the availability of the bovine genome sequence open up opportunities to identify useful and selectable genes controlling cattle tick resistance. using quantitative real-time pcr and theaffymetrix bovine array platform, differences in gene expression of skin biopsies from tick resistant bos indicus (brahman) and tick susceptible bos taurus (holstein- ... | 2008 | 18817288 |
| est-based gene indices for the cattle fever tick, the horn fly, and the screwworm fly. | the southern cattle tick, rhip,cephalus (boophilus) microplus, the horn fly, haematobia irritans, and the new world screwworm, cochl,omyia hominivorax, are economically important parasites of cattle throughout the world. understanding the biology and genomics of these pests is critical to developing novel control methods. we developed est sequence databases for these parasites and used bioinformatic analysis to identify conceptual open reading frames and assigned gene ontology (go) terms to thos ... | 2008 | 18817293 |
| on the search for markers of tick resistance in bovines. | genetic differences in susceptibility to ticks (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) are considerable in bovines. here, mapping, association and gene expression approaches were employed to further advance our understanding of the molecular basis of tick resistance. a b. taurus x b. indicus f2 population was developed by embrapa and 382 individuals were measured for parasitic load. scanning of all chromosomes is in progress. quantitative trait loci (qtl) for tick load were mapped to chromosomes 4 ... | 2008 | 18817306 |
| comparison of predicted binders in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus intestine protein variants bm86 campo grande strain, bm86 and bm95. | this paper reports the sequence analysis of bm86 campo grande strain comparing it with bm86 and bm95 antigens from the preparations tickgardplus and gavac, respectively. the pcr product was cloned into pmosblue and sequenced. the secondary structure prediction tool psipred was used to calculate alpha helices and beta strand contents of the predicted polypeptide. the hydrophobicity profile was calculated using the algorithms from the hopp and woods method, in addition to identification of potenti ... | 2008 | 18823577 |
| [expression and enzymatic activity of glutathione s-transferase in tissues of boophilus microplus females]. | cellular detoxification and excretion enzymes are important to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. in this work mrna transcription, protein expression and enzymatic activity of glutathione s-transferases (gsts), enzymes involved in the excretion of endo and xenobiotic compounds were analyzed. these parameters are elements believed to protect cells against chemical toxicity and oxidative stress in different tissues (salivary gland, ovary and synganglion) from partially engorged females and e ... | 2008 | 18823578 |
| tripanosomatides like trypanosoma theileri in the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | findings of epimastigotes forms of a tripanosomatide is reported in the hemolymph of the cattle tick boophilus microplus in the state of rio grande do sul, southern brazil. morphological evidences suggest they are similar to trypanosoma theileri, a species described as non pathogenic to cattle, and usually transmitted by tabanids. | 2008 | 18823581 |
| differential response to diazinon and coumaphos in a strain of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) collected in mexico. | boophilus microplus, collected from nuevo leon, mexico, were found to be highly resistant to diazinon but not highly resistant to coumaphos, suggesting that different mechanisms of resistance were present in these ticks than other mexican organophosphate (op)-resistant ticks reported previously. when exposed to coumaphos and piperonyl butoxide or triphenylphosphate, the lcso estimate was reduced by 3.5- and 6.3-fold, respectively, suggesting that mono-oxygenases and/or esterases were involved in ... | 2008 | 18826034 |
| microarray analysis of acaricide-inducible gene expression in the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | acaricide-inducible differential gene expression was studied in larvae of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus using a microarray-based approach. the acaricides used were: coumaphos, permethrin, ivermectin, and amitraz. the microarrays contained over 13 000 probes, having been derived from a previously described r. microplus gene index (bmigi version 2; wang et al., 2007). relative quantitative reverse transcriptase-pcr, real time pcr, and serial analysis of gene expression data was used to verif ... | 2008 | 18834453 |
| comparative igg recognition of tick extracts by sera of experimentally infested bovines. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blot were used to investigate the pattern of antibody responses of six bovines infested twelve times with rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini, 1887) (acari: ixodidae) (six heavy infestations followed by six light infestations) against salivary gland, gut and larvae extracts. during heavy infestations, bovine igg levels were shown to be higher, and a decrease in the number and weight of ticks that completed the parasitic cycle was ... | 2008 | 18849118 |
| gammexane and cattle ticks. | 1948 | 18911585 | |
| discovery of a distinct superfamily of kunitz-type toxin (ktt) from tarantulas. | kuntiz-type toxins (ktts) have been found in the venom of animals such as snake, cone snail and sea anemone. the main ancestral function of kunitz-type proteins was the inhibition of a diverse array of serine proteases, while toxic activities (such as ion-channel blocking) were developed under a variety of darwinian selection pressures. how new functions were grafted onto an old protein scaffold and what effect darwinian selection pressures had on ktt evolution remains a puzzle. | 2008 | 18923708 |
| host surveys, ixodid tick biology and transmission scenarios as related to the tick-borne pathogen, ehrlichia canis. | the ehrlichioses have been subject to increasing interest from veterinary and public health perspectives, but experimental studies of these diseases and their etiologic agents can be challenging. ehrlichia canis, the primary etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, is relatively well characterized and offers unique advantages and opportunities to study interactions between a monocytotropic pathogen and both its vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. historically, advances in tick-borne dise ... | 2008 | 18963493 |
| biostable agonists that match or exceed activity of native insect kinins on recombinant arthropod gpcrs. | the multifunctional arthropod 'insect kinins' share the evolutionarily conserved c-terminal pentapeptide motif phe-x(1)-x(2)-trp-gly-nh(2), where x(1)=his, asn, ser, or tyr and x(2)=ser, pro, or ala. insect kinins regulate diuresis in many species of insects. compounds with similar biological activity could be exploited for the control of arthropod pest populations such as the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) and the southern cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini), vectors of hu ... | 2009 | 18983996 |
| warmer weather linked to tick attack and emergence of severe rickettsioses. | the impact of climate on the vector behaviour of the worldwide dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus is a cause of concern. this tick is a vector for life-threatening organisms including rickettsia rickettsii, the agent of rocky mountain spotted fever, r. conorii, the agent of mediterranean spotted fever, and the ubiquitous emerging pathogen r. massiliae. a focus of spotted fever was investigated in france in may 2007. blood and tissue samples from two patients were tested. an entomological survey w ... | 2008 | 19015724 |
| exploring the mialome of ticks: an annotated catalogue of midgut transcripts from the hard tick, dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae). | ticks are obligate blood feeders. the midgut is the first major region of the body where blood and microbes ingested with the blood meal come in contact with the tick's internal tissues. little is known about protein expression in the digestive tract of ticks. in this study, for analysis of global gene expression during tick attachment and feeding, we generated and sequenced 1,679 random transcripts (ests) from cdna libraries from the midguts of female ticks at varying stages of feeding. | 2008 | 19021911 |
| hemalin, a thrombin inhibitor isolated from a midgut cdna library from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis. | a full-length sequence of a thrombin inhibitor (designated as hemalin) from the midgut of parthenogenetic haemaphysalis longicornis has been identified. sequence analysis shows that this gene belongs to the kunitz-type family, containing two kunitz domains with high homology to boophilin, the thrombin inhibitor from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the recombinant protein expressed in insect cells delayed bovine plasma clotting time and inhibited both thrombin-induced fibrinogen clotting and ... | 2009 | 19061894 |
| identification of a complex peptidergic neuroendocrine network in the hard tick, rhipicephalus appendiculatus. | neuropeptides are crucial regulators of development and various physiological functions but little is known about their identity, expression and function in vectors of pathogens causing serious diseases, such as ticks. therefore, we have used antibodies against multiple insect and crustacean neuropeptides to reveal the presence of these bioactive molecules in peptidergic neurons and cells of the ixodid tick rhipicephalus appendiculatus. these antibodies have detected 15 different immunoreactive ... | 2009 | 19082627 |
| ixodes ricinus tick lipocalins: identification, cloning, phylogenetic analysis and biochemical characterization. | during their blood meal, ticks secrete a wide variety of proteins that interfere with their host's defense mechanisms. among these proteins, lipocalins play a major role in the modulation of the inflammatory response. | 2008 | 19096708 |
| molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and immune recognition of bm95 from thai strains of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the efficacy of existing vaccines against thai strains of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus remains to be determined, and these vaccine antigens should be compared to homologues derived from local strains. the purpose of this study was to compare bm95 from thai r. microplus to the previously reported sequence from argentinean ticks. mrna was isolated from r. microplus midgut samples, and cdna was amplified with bm95-specific primers. the cdna and protein sequences of thai bm95 were 94 and 92% ... | 2008 | 19120171 |
| primary midgut, salivary gland, and ovary cultures from boophilus microplus. | primary cell cultures from different tick organs are a valuable tool for host parasite research in the study of the protozoan babesia sp., which infects different organs of the tick. in this work we describe the generation of midgut, salivary gland, and ovary primary cell cultures from dissections of boophilus microplus. midguts, salivary glands, and ovaries were dissected from b. microplus ticks on different days after bovine infestation; different enzymatic disaggregating protocols were tested ... | 2008 | 19120172 |
| molecular analysis of calreticulin expressed in salivary glands of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus indigenous to thailand. | the tropical cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, is an important ectoparasite of livestock in thailand that causes economic losses due to the direct effects of tick feeding and by the pathogens they transmit. intensive acaricide use has several drawbacks, which spurred efforts to develop anti-tick vaccines. vaccines targeting concealed antigens localized in the tick midgut result in reduced tick fecundity, but molecules localized in the tick salivary glands, which could play a role ... | 2008 | 19120173 |
| characterization of a vitellogenin gene fragment in boophilus microplus ticks. | the objective of this study was to isolate, clone, and characterize a fragment of the vitellogenin (vg) gene from a b. microplus tick strain from mexico. using cdna and specific primers, an 1800-bp fragment was amplified, cloned, and transformed in into e. coli, and then sequenced. comparative analysis with a previously reported sequence showed 99% identity at both the nucleotide and amino acid level. the predicted amino acid sequence of the mexican vg has 6 positive mutations. there is an inser ... | 2008 | 19120174 |
| infection and seroconversion of susceptible animals introduced into a babesiosis endemic area. | the study aimed to determine the incubation period of babesia sp. infection in naive cattle and to monitor the serological response once exposed to natural boophilus microplus (rhipicephalus microplus)-infested paddocks. the study was carried out on a farm located in veracruz, mexico. five groups of five steers were relocated every 3 months from a tick-free area to a tick-infested paddock. animals were introduced in october, january, april, july, and october. blood samples were taken daily until ... | 2008 | 19120191 |
| immunization with tick salivary gland extracts. | tick burdens cause direct damage to hosts and transmit several disease agents, the majority of which are secreted into feeding lesions through tick salivary glands. reduced incidence of naturally transmitted tick-borne diseases was recently observed among cattle immunized with tick salivary gland extracts (tsge). the aim of this work was to compare the ultrastructure of salivary glands from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus removed from cattle that were immunized with tsge to those from contro ... | 2008 | 19120210 |
| performance of metarhizium anisopliae and its combination with deltamethrin against a pyrethroid-resistant strain of boophilus microplus in a stall test. | the use of the entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae, to control ticks is a promising alternative to chemical acaricides, but both chemical and biological products could also work together in an integrated management. the current study evaluated the performance of m. anisopliae and its combination with deltamethrin to control a boophilus microplus strain resistant to pyrethroid. calves were held in individual pens and artificially infested with b. microplus. they were treated with an a ... | 2008 | 19120221 |
| in vitro efficacy of amitraz and cypermethrin on boophilus microplus from dairy farms in lara state, venezuela. | in venezuela, the acaricides, amitraz and cypermethrin, are widely used to control tick infestations in cattle infested with boophilus microplus. this work aims to determine the in vitro efficacy of amitraz and cypermethrin through the adult immersion test. a sample of 480 engorged females was collected from four dairy farms (180 ticks/farm) and divided in groups of 10 ticks averaging 220 mg/tick. commercial preparation of amitraz and cypermethrin were used to prepare the working concentration o ... | 2008 | 19120222 |
| the effect of insecticide synergists on the response of scabies mites to pyrethroid acaricides. | permethrin is the active component of topical creams widely used to treat human scabies. recent evidence has demonstrated that scabies mites are becoming increasingly tolerant to topical permethrin and oral ivermectin. an effective approach to manage pesticide resistance is the addition of synergists to counteract metabolic resistance. synergists are also useful for laboratory investigation of resistance mechanisms through their ability to inhibit specific metabolic pathways. | 2009 | 19125173 |
| major histocompatibility complex (mhc) heterozygote superiority to natural multi-parasite infections in the water vole (arvicola terrestris). | the fundamental role of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) in immune recognition has led to a general consensus that the characteristically high levels of functional polymorphism at mhc genes is maintained by balancing selection operating through host-parasite coevolution. however, the actual mechanism by which selection operates is unclear. two hypotheses have been proposed: overdominance (or heterozygote superiority) and negative frequency-dependent selection. evidence for these hypoth ... | 2009 | 19129114 |
| conservation in the face of diversity: multistrain analysis of an intracellular bacterium. | with the recent completion of numerous sequenced bacterial genomes, notable advances have been made in understanding the level of conservation between various species. however, relatively little is known about the genomic diversity among strains. we determined the complete genome sequence of the florida strain of anaplasma marginale, and near complete (>96%) sequences for an additional three strains, for comparative analysis with the previously fully sequenced st. maries strain genome. | 2009 | 19134224 |
| anaplasma marginale infection in a japanese black cow 13 years after eradication of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in okinawa, japan. | in october 2007, a 15-year-old japanese black cow on ishigaki island, okinawa, japan, was diagnosed with anaplasma marginale infection based on clinical symptoms, blood examination, smear observation, 16s rrna and groel gene sequence analysis, and the result of a cf test. the cow was introduced into the farm from mainland japan as a calf in 1993, one year before the eradication of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, the main vector of a. marginale in okinawa prefecture. it is possible that the ... | 2009 | 19135309 |
| propagation of a brazilian isolate of anaplasma marginale with appendage in a tick cell line (bme26) derived from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne pathogen of cattle responsible for the disease anaplasmosis. data suggest that rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and r. annulatus may be the major tick vectors of a. marginale in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. in this work we demonstrated the first infection and propagation of a brazilian isolate of a. marginale (ufmg1) in the bme26 cell line derived originally from embryos of r. (boophilus) microplus. the establishment of a. marginale infect ... | 2009 | 19150177 |
| identification of a cluster of residues in transmembrane segment 6 of domain iii of the cockroach sodium channel essential for the action of pyrethroid insecticides. | a phenylalanine residue (phe1519) in the sixth transmembrane segment of domain iii (iiis6) of the cockroach bgna(v) sodium channel is required for the binding and action of pyrethroids. however, whether or not other residues in iiis6 participate in the action of pyrethroids remains to be determined. in the present study, we conducted a systematic analysis of 20 residues in iiis6 of the bgna(v) channel using alanine-scanning mutagenesis. our results show that alanine substitutions of four residue ... | 0 | 19154185 |
| a p2x receptor from the tardigrade species hypsibius dujardini with fast kinetics and sensitivity to zinc and copper. | orthologs of the vertebrate atp gated p2x channels have been identified in dictyostelium and green algae, demonstrating that the emergence of ionotropic purinergic signalling was an early event in eukaryotic evolution. however, the genomes of a number of animals including drosophila melanogaster and caenorhabditis elegans, both members of the ecdysozoa superphylum, lack p2x-like proteins, whilst other species such as the flatworm schistosoma mansoni have p2x proteins making it unclear as to what ... | 2009 | 19154569 |
| [construction of cdna expression library of salivary gland from boophilus microplus]. | total rna were isolated from salivary gland dissected from partially engorged boophilus microplus. the mrna was purified. a library of oligo (dt)-primed cdna with added directional ecor i/hind iii linkers was constructed from the purified mrna. the constructed cdna was ligated to the ecor i/hind iii arms of the lambda screen vector. the recombinant phage dna was packaged by phage-marker packaging extracts, resulting in a primary cdna library with a size of 1.38x10(6) pfu. data showed 100% of the ... | 2008 | 19157308 |
| knockdown of proteins involved in iron metabolism limits tick reproduction and development. | ticks are among the most important vectors of a wide range of human and animal diseases. during blood feeding, ticks are exposed to an enormous amount of free iron that must be appropriately used and detoxified. however, the mechanism of iron metabolism in ticks is poorly understood. here, we show that ticks possess a complex system that efficiently utilizes, stores and transports non-heme iron within the tick body. we have characterized a new secreted ferritin (fer2) and an iron regulatory prot ... | 2009 | 19171899 |
| cloning and immunoreactivity of the 5-ht 1mac and 5-ht 2mac receptors in the central nervous system of the freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii. | biogenic amines are implicated in several mental disorders, many of which involve social interactions. simple model systems, such as crustaceans, are often more amenable than vertebrates for studying mechanisms underlying behaviors. although various cellular responses of biogenic amines have been characterized in crustaceans, the mechanisms linking these molecules to behavior remain largely unknown. observed effects of serotonin receptor agonists and antagonists in abdomen posture, escape respon ... | 0 | 19184976 |
| effect of rainfall exposure immediately after a single dip treatment with coumaphos on the control of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) on infested cattle. | efficacy of a single dip treatment in coumaphos at 0.182% active ingredient was determined against all parasitic stages of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) on infested cattle exposed to various levels of rainfall immediately after treatment. one group of calves remained untreated with no exposure to rainfall to serve as a negative control. a second group of cattle treated with coumaphos, but not exposed to rainfall, acted as a positive treated control. three additional groups of ... | 2009 | 19198522 |
| population structure of australian isolates of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | since its introduction in australia, and despite decades of movement control, the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, has spread widely in suitable habitat in the northern territory and the state of queensland (qld). on the east coast, its southerly distribution is limited by a tick quarantine line on the border with the state of new south wales (nsw). resistance to the popular acaricide amitraz emerged in the early 1980s and its distribution is rapidly increasing at the present ti ... | 2009 | 19201542 |
| the position of repetitive dna sequence in the southern cattle tick genome permits chromosome identification. | fluorescent in-situ hybridization (fish) using meiotic chromosome preparations and highly repetitive dna from the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus, was undertaken to investigate genome organization. several classes of highly repetitive dna elements were identified by screening a r. microplus bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library. a repeat unit of approximately 149 bp, rmr-1 was localized to the subtelomeric regions of r. microplus autosomes 1-6 and 8-10. a second repeat unit ... | 2009 | 19221885 |
| allopatric speciation in ticks: genetic and reproductive divergence between geographic strains of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, economically impact cattle industry in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. the morphological and genetic differences among r. microplus strains have been documented in the literature, suggesting that biogeographical and ecological separation may have resulted in boophilid ticks from america/africa and those from australia being different species. to test the hypothesis of the presence of different boophilid species, herein we perfo ... | 2009 | 19243585 |
| the extent of acaricide resistance in 1-, 2- and 3-host ticks on communally grazed cattle in the eastern region of the eastern cape province, south africa. | in order to determine the extent of acaricide resistance in the eastern region of the eastern cape province 1-, 2- and 3-host ticks were collected from cattle at 59 dip-tanks over a period of 2 years. these ticks were tested for resistance against 3 compounds, namely amitraz, cypermethrin and chlorfenvinphos. the shaw larval immersion test detected emerging resistance to amitraz in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus at 2 dip-tanks and resistance at a 3rd. it also revealed resistance in this tic ... | 2008 | 19244821 |
| a survey of rhipicephalus microplus populations for mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance. | mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance were found in mexican strains of rhipicephalus microplus (canestrini). a mutation in the sodium channel gene was reported in strains highly resistant to permethrin and another mutation in an esterase gene in a strain that shows moderate resistance to the same pesticide. methods based on the melting temperature difference of amplified allele-specific dna fragments were developed that can detect these mutations rapidly in individual larvae. when thes ... | 2009 | 19253657 |
| [characterization of ectoparasites on dogs in the nucleus of urban expansion of juiz de fora, minas gerais, brazil]. | the present work studied the characterization of ectoparasites on dogs in the nucleus of urban expansion of juiz de fora, minas gerais, brazil. the collections were conducted from july to september 2003, examining 101 dogs of no defined breed. the ectoparasites were collected through visual and tactile inspection of the animals' bodies, and were then placed in bottles with 70 degrees gl ethanol and identified under a stereomicroscope. specimens were clarified and mounted on slides for analysis u ... | 2008 | 19265575 |
| [proposal of an acaricide laboratory test larvae immersion of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus: evaluation with cypermethrin and amitraz]. | the aim of this work was to develop a technique of acaricides evaluation by immersion of larvae. larvae were obtained from 30 engorged females of riphicephalus (boophilus) microplus were collected in a ranch in lages, santa catarina state, brazil. larvae were obtained from 10mg of eggs placed into 5ml disposable syringes, previously prepared and kept under controlled conditions of laboratory, and collected between the third and the twelfth day of oviposition. seven to ten days old larvae were su ... | 2008 | 19265586 |
| exogenous insulin stimulates glycogen accumulation in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus embryo cell line bme26 via pi3k/akt pathway. | ticks are obligatory blood-feeding arthropods and important vectors of both human and animal disease agents. besides its metabolic role, insulin signaling pathway (isp) is widely described as crucial for vertebrate and invertebrate embryogenesis, development and cell survival. in such cascade, phosphatidylinositol 3-oh kinase (pi3k) is hierarchically located upstream protein kinase b (pkb). to study the insulin-triggered pathway and its possible roles during embryogenesis we used a culture of em ... | 2009 | 19268713 |
| the role of saliva in tick feeding. | when attempting to feed on their hosts, ticks face the problem of host hemostasis (the vertebrate mechanisms that prevent blood loss), inflammation (that can produce itching or pain and thus initiate defensive behavior on their hosts) and adaptive immunity (by way of both cellular and humoral responses). against these barriers, ticks evolved a complex and sophisticated pharmacological armamentarium, consisting of bioactive lipids and proteins, to assist blood feeding. recent progress in transcri ... | 2009 | 19273185 |
| genetic basis and impact of tick acaricide resistance. | acaricide resistance in boophilus microplus has been studied for the last 20 years from the toxicology, metabolic and genomic points of view, however, only few methods for molecular detection of resistance have been developed. despite the relatively poor sensitivity for resistance detection, bioassays remain the method of choice for susceptibility evaluation of tick populations, based on their toxicological response after exposure to acaricides. metabolic detoxification of acaricides is known to ... | 2009 | 19273225 |
| effects of climate change on ticks and tick-borne diseases in europe. | zoonotic tick-borne diseases are an increasing health burden in europe and there is speculation that this is partly due to climate change affecting vector biology and disease transmission. data on the vector tick ixodes ricinus suggest that an extension of its northern and altitude range has been accompanied by an increased prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis. climate change may also be partly responsible for the change in distribution of dermacentor reticulatus. increased winter activity of i ... | 2009 | 19277106 |
| in vitro tests to establish lc50 and discriminating concentrations for fipronil against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) and their standardization. | laboratory test was carried out on larvae and adults of the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, to determine fipronil toxicity. adult immersion test (ait, n=26), larval immersion test (lit, n=71) and larval packet test (lpt, n=41) were standardized using susceptible strain (mozo). dose-response curves were compared with a fipronil resistant strain. four variables were analyzed from ait results: mortality, weight of eggs on day 7 and on day 14, index of fertility, and index of fecun ... | 2009 | 19278787 |
| expression and activity of glycogen synthase kinase during vitellogenesis and embryogenesis of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk-3) is classically described as a key enzyme involved in glycogen metabolism in mammals. gsk-3 belongs to a highly conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases, whose members are involved in hormonal regulation, nuclear signaling, and cell fate determination in higher eukaryotes. we have cloned and characterized the rmgsk-3 gene from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus tick embryos. dna and protein sequence analysis depicted high similarity to the correspon ... | 2009 | 19285806 |
| genetic diversity of anaplasma marginale in argentina. | bovine anaplasmosis caused by anaplasma marginale is a worldwide major constraint to cattle production. the a. marginale major surface protein 1 alpha (msp1alpha) gene contains a variable number of tandem repeats in the amino terminal region and has been used for the characterization of pathogen genetic diversity. this study reports the first characterization of a. marginale genetic diversity in argentina based on msp1alpha genotypes and its putative relationship with rhipicephalus (boophilus) m ... | 2009 | 19285808 |
| the efficiency of avermectins (abamectin, doramectin and ivermectin) in the control of boophilus microplus, in artificially infested bovines kept in field conditions. | tests were performed on artificially infested bovines, kept in field conditions, to assess the efficiency of avermectins (abamectin, doramectin and ivermectin) on boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887). this assessment was carried out on 40 bovines, in the paraíba valley, in the state of são paulo, brazil. these bovines were distributed into four groups (abamectin, doramectin, ivermectin and a control group), after artificial infestation with some 4000 larvae per animal on days -21, -14, -7, -1, ... | 2009 | 19286322 |
| expression of intracellular calcium signalling genes in cattle skin during tick infestation. | it is widely acknowledged that changes in intracellular calcium ion (ca(2+)) concentration provide dynamic signals that control a plethora of cellular processes, including triggering and mediating host defence mechanisms. in this study, quantitative real-time pcr was used to analyse gene expression of 14 ca(2+) signalling proteins in skin obtained from high tick-resistant (hr) and low tick-resistant (lr) cattle following artificial challenge with cattle tick (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) ... | 2009 | 19292769 |
| multivalent ha dna vaccination protects against highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza infection in chickens and mice. | background: sustained outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 in avian species increase the risk of reassortment and adaptation to humans. the ability to contain its spread in chickens would reduce this threat and help maintain the capacity for egg-based vaccine production. while vaccines offer the potential to control avian disease, a major concern of current vaccines is their potency and inability to protect against evolving avian influenza viruses. methodology / principal f ... | 2008 | 19293944 |
| laboratory determination of efficacy of indigenous plant extracts for parasites control. | the present study was based on assessments of the antiparasitic activities to determine the efficacies of acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, hexane, and methanol dried leaf, flower, and seed extracts of achyranthes aspera l., anisomeles malabarica (l.) r. br., gloriosa superba l., psidium guajava l., ricinus communis l., and solanum trilobatum l. tested against the larvae of cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini 1887) (acari: ixodidae), sheep internal parasite paramphistom ... | 2009 | 19308453 |