Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| scanning electron microscopy of adult wuchereria bancrofti (nematoda: filarioidea). | despite the great importance of wuchereria bancrofti in causing human lymphatic filariasis, only conventional morphological studies have been completed with adult forms of this filaria. no ultrastructural studies have been carried out, mainly due to the difficulty in obtaining viable parasites from human tissues and the lack of a suitable experimental model or in vitro cultivation. with the recent success in using ultrasound to localize adult worms in living tissues and their surgical recovery f ... | 1995 | 7776136 |
| cumulative exposure and its relationship with chronic filarial disease in bancroftian filariasis. | several hypotheses have been put forth about the factors influencing the dynamics of infection and disease in lymphatic filariasis. however, appropriate validation of these hypotheses by real situation analyses of epidemiological data is lacking. the present analyses examine the relationship between cumulative exposure to infection and prevalence of disease by utilizing the existing entomological and clinical data collected between 1981 and 1986 in pondicherry, south india, endemic for bancrofti ... | 1994 | 7777918 |
| epidemiology of subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti infection in the nicobar islands, india. | diurnally subperiodic filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti has been reported from tribal populations in the nancowry group of islands in the andaman and nicobar islands, india. this was confirmed in a survey carried out during the monsoon season in 1993. microfilariae were detected in the peripheral blood throughout a 24 h period with a peak at 18:00. the microfilaria (mf) rate ranged from 1.2% to 18.7%, with a low disease rate (mean = 1.9%). incidence of mf was low in children less than 10 ye ... | 1995 | 7778141 |
| a new tool to assess the adulticidal efficacy in vivo of antifilarial drugs for bancroftian filariasis. | 1995 | 7778157 | |
| malaria and filariasis transmission in a village/forest setting in baram district, sarawak, malaysia. | entomological investigations on malaria and bancroftian filariasis transmission were carried out in the endemic area of baram district, sarawak. the anopheles composition, survival and infection rates of malaria and filariasis were compared in the village and 0.5 km from the village ecotype, in forested areas. anopheles leucosphyrus, an. barbirostris and an. donaldi are the vectors for malaria and bancroftian filariasis in both ecotypes. biting and infection rates vary, but an. leucosphyrus diff ... | 1995 | 7783279 |
| progress in lymphatic filariasis control in china. | 1995 | 7789209 | |
| bancroftian microfilaria in the breast clinically mimicking malignancy. | 1995 | 7795166 | |
| wuchereria bancrofti filariasis in french polynesia: age-specific patterns of microfilaremia, circulating antigen, and specific igg and igg4 responses according to transmission level. | the age-specific patterns of microfilaremia, og4c3 antigenemia, anti-brugia malayi igg and igg4 were assessed in 3 villages of low, medium and high transmission level for wuchereria bancrofti filariasis. the prevalence rates for each of the 4 markers were clearly age dependent and their patterns strongly associated with the transmission level. the antigenemia prevalence rate was consistently higher than the microfilaremia prevalence rate, in all age groups. the prevalences of anti-b. malayi igg ... | 1995 | 7797377 |
| studies on filariasis in bauchi state, nigeria. ii. the prevalence of human filariasis in darazo local government area. | in an eleven months study of eleven communities of darazo local government area of bauchi state, northern nigeria, 293 (21.7) of 1,349 persons examined harboured various filarial parasites. of the sampled population, 18%, 1.9%, 1.6%, 0.5% and 0.2% had microfilariae of onchocerca volvulus, wuchereria bancrofti, mansonella perstans, m. streptocerca and loa loa respectively. of the 637 females examined, 90 (14.1%) were infected, while 203 (23.5%) of 712 males sampled had filarial infections. the hi ... | 1994 | 7812311 |
| a case of probable transplacental transmission of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae. | a case of transplacental transmission of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae is reported in endemic are of bauchi state, nigeria. the diagnosis was based on the history of illness, clinical symptoms, age of the child and presence of sheathed microfilariae of nocturnal periodic form of w. bancrofti in the peripheral blood films. also the night blood sample collected from the child's mother revealed mf of w. bancrofti in addition to the unilateral elephantiasis of the hindlimb. the implication of t ... | 1994 | 7812317 |
| ivermectin in human medicine. | ivermectin is a potent macro-cyclic lactone causing paralysis in many nematodes and arthropods through an influx of chloride ions across cell membranes. it is currently the drug of choice for human onchocerciasis and shows potent microfilaricidal activity against the other major filarial parasites of human (wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, loa loa and mansonella ozzardi) but not against m. perstans. whether or not it also kills the adult-stage of these parasites is currently under study. ive ... | 1994 | 7814280 |
| microscopical and serological diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti. | venous blood from 292 patients attending a filaria clinic in georgetown, guyana, was assayed by elisa for igg and igm antibodies and by indirect haemagglutination antibody assay (iha) against filaria parasites. they were also assayed by microscopic methods before and after concentration procedures for microfilaraemia. of the 41 blood samples microscopically positive for wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae, 87.8% (elisa igg), 65.9% (elisa igm) and 73.2% (iha) occurred in samples with sub-diagnosti ... | 1994 | 7817540 |
| utility of the force of infection model for assessing changes in the dynamics of bancroftian filarial infections. | force of infection is measured in terms of the number of effective contacts that have been introduced into the population by infective vectors. the utility of such a measure in describing the dynamics of bancroftian filarial infection was tested. force of infection (beta) incorporating the durations of patent period and pre-patent period was estimated for different age classes (assuming that it is constant in that particular age class) and it was found that the predicted post-control prevalences ... | 1994 | 7825015 |
| [former observations of urinary bilharziasis and wuchereriosis]. | on the occasion of a book near completion on the great clinician pierre rayer (1793-1867), a pioneer of infectious pathology, are presented here two of his works concerning parasitic tropical pathology. the first (1838) signed by rayer alone deals with an hematuria observed in patients from mauritius. he distinguished several forms of the disease and described 15 observations which he compared to egyptian hematuria of which the parasitic agent (bilharzia (= schistosoma) haematobium) will not be ... | 1994 | 7827524 |
| [historical epidemiology of bancroftian filariasis in southwest islands of the indian ocean]. | bancroftian filariasis arose in the south-west indian ocean islands with human settlements. during the xixe century, most of the islands were infected but the prevalence and clinical features of the disease were different from an island to an other. the vectors are cx. quinquefasciatus, an. gambiae, an. arabiensis, an. funestus. even if culex are proven vectors most of the transmission is due to anophelines. the introduction of the parasite was followed by an explosion of the diseases with drama ... | 1994 | 7827525 |
| the anopheles punctulatus group of mosquitoes in the solomon islands and vanuatu surveyed by allozyme electrophoresis. | four species within the anopheles punctulatus group of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) were identified by allozyme analysis of samples collected from thirty-three localities in guadalcanal, makira, malaita, temotu and western provinces in the solomon islands and six localities on efate, espiritu santo, maewo and malekula islands in vanuatu. three of these species are members of the an.farauti complex. a key is given to identify five species of the an.punctulatus group known to occur in the solom ... | 1994 | 7841489 |
| adult female wuchereria bancrofti nematode in a fine needle aspirate of the lymph node. | 1995 | 7847003 | |
| filarial pleural effusion with constrictive pericarditis. | 1994 | 7851954 | |
| in vitro cultivation of third stage larvae of wuchereria bancrofti to fourth stage: influence of some physico-chemical factors. | it has been reported that third stage larvae (l3) of wuchereria bancrofti strain from jakarta, molted to the fourth stage (l4) in vitro, in a simple culture medium supplemented with 10% human serum. in the present study, this culture medium has been used to examine the effects of some physico-chemical parameters on larval growth, development and molting of wuchereria bancrofti from india. lymph at 10% concentration enhanced the in vitro survival time of larvae. molting of larvae from l3 to l4 st ... | 1994 | 7855640 |
| use of fractionated urinary filarial antigen in the diagnosis of human filariasis. | fractionated urinary filarial antigen ufa c2 has shown high antigenic activity after absorption of urinary albumin present in the fraction. as little as 500 ag (10(-18) g) of albumin absorbed ufa c2, labelled as ufa c2-a, was found to be sufficient to detect filarial antibody. stick enzyme immunoassay to assess the immunodiagnostic potential of ufa c2-a indicated filarial igg antibody in 89% of microfilaraemic (mf) cases, 84% of clinical filariasis and 7% of endemic normals. ufa c2-a was found t ... | 1995 | 7861478 |
| immunomonitoring of filarial patients during dec therapy in an endemic area: a seven-year follow-up. | a group of 27 wuchereria bancrofti infected persons from an endemic area, who had undergone treatment with diethylcarbamazine (dec), were followed for 7 years to understand its effect on microfilaraemia, immune status and on the recurrence of infection. treatment with dec was for 14 days (day 1, 1 mg kg-1 body weight, day 2, 2 mg kg-1 body weight and from day 3 onwards 6 mg kg-1 body weight) followed by one dose (6 mg kg-1 body weight) on days 360, 540 and at the end of years 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7. a ... | 1995 | 7861480 |
| [comparative study on three serologic tests for detecting antibodies in cases with bancroftian microfilaremia]. | a comparative study was conducted for detecting antibody levels of bancroftian microfilaremia cases by using three serologic tests, ifat, elisa and dot-elisa. a total of 102 serum specimens were collected from bancroftian microfilaremia cases. the positive rate was 89.2% (91/102) with ifat (serum dilution > or = 1:20), 84.3% (86/102) with elisa (od value > or = 0.440) and 89.2% (91/102) with dot-elisa (serum dilution > or = 1:80), respectively (p > 0.05); while in healthy individuals from non-en ... | 1994 | 7867152 |
| mass chemotherapy with diethylcarbamazine for the control of bancroftian filariasis: a twelve-year follow-up in northern trinidad, including observations on mansonella ozzardi. | a microfilaria survey was conducted in trinidad in 1992, 12 years after mass treatment with spaced doses of diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec-c) for the control of bancroftian filariasis; 348 persons were examined using thick blood smears and a membrane filtration technique. they included 104 who had participated in the mass chemotherapy campaign in 1980. no wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae were detected among 66% of the population examined. in 1980, 86 of 592 persons examined were found to be i ... | 1995 | 7872448 |
| filarial chyluria. | 1994 | 7875869 | |
| low positive predictive value of anti-brugia malayi igg and igg4 serology for the diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for anti-brugia malayi immunoglobulin (ig) g and igg4 were evaluated on sera from 1561 subjects in french polynesia for the serodiagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti filariasis, compared with the test for onchocerca gibsoni circulating antigen (og4c3) as a 'gold standard'. the sensitivity of the elisa-igg and elisa-igg4 assays was 90.8% and 94.5%, and the specificity was 45.9% and 50.7%. the positive predictive values were 41% and 45% respectively for an a ... | 1994 | 7886763 |
| detection of wuchereria bancrofti larvae in pools of mosquitoes by the polymerase chain reaction. | 1994 | 7886765 | |
| double-blind controlled trial of a single dose of the combination ivermectin 400 micrograms/kg plus diethylcarbamazine 6 mg/kg for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis: results at six months. | in 1993, a three-arm double-blind controlled trial was implemented in french polynesia to compare the tolerance and efficacy of a single dose of the combination ivermectin (ivr) 400 micrograms/kg plus diethylcarbamazine (dec) 6 mg/kg vs. ivr 400 micrograms/kg alone vs. dec 6 mg/kg alone, for treatment of wuchereria bancrofti carriers. of the 57 treated male patients in whom microfilaria (mf) densities ranged from 22 to 4709 mg/ml, 3 groups of 19 were randomly selected and allocated to one of the ... | 1994 | 7886781 |
| og4c3 circulating antigen, anti-brugia malayi igg and igg4 titers in wuchereria bancrofti infected patients, according to their parasitological status. | this study involved 221 microfilaremic (mf+), 302 amicrofilaremic (mf-) antigen positive (ag+) and 1454 mf-antigen negative (ag-) individuals living in endemic villages. whatever the group considered, antigen and antibody titers were widely distributed. og4c3 antigen, detected both in mf- and mf+ patients, was significantly higher in mf+ patients. the mf parasitological status did not significantly influence the antifilarial antibodies levels in the infected ag+ individuals, although igg4 was mo ... | 1994 | 7899800 |
| side reactions following ivermectin therapy in high density bancroftian microfilaraemics. | side reactions following ivermectin treatment were evaluated in sixty males with high density bancroftian microfilaremia (gm 1388/ml). following a single oral dose of ivermectin of different strengths (20, 50, 100 or 200 micrograms/kg), microfilariae clearance and side reactions were monitored in a double blind fashion. microfilaria levels fell rapidly after ivermectin administration in all dosage groups and 98% of pretreatment microfilariae was cleared after 12 h of treatment. the rate of micro ... | 1993 | 7903135 |
| prevalence of lymphatic nodule in a bancroftian endemic population. | prevalence and clinical manifestation of lymphatic nodule in natural course of bancroftian filariasis was evaluated in a representative population of 2837 of a defined endemic community of orissa. detailed clinical and parasitological examination of study subjects revealed high disease (35.6%) and mf rate (15.8%) and mean microfilariae density (gm: 15.3 +/- 5.1 per 60 mm3 of blood) in the community. lymphatic filarial nodule was manifested in 216 (7.6%) subjects in different spectrum of filarial ... | 1993 | 7903138 |
| "filarial" adenolymphangitis without filarial infection. | 1994 | 7906341 | |
| long-term effect of prenatal exposure to maternal microfilaraemia on immune responsiveness to filarial parasite antigens. | to identify long-term effects of prenatal exposure to maternal filarial-parasite infection, we assessed lymphocyte responses in 21 polynesian children born 17-19 years previously to mothers diagnosed as being microfilaraemic or infection-free. all children lived on an island endemic for bancroftian filariasis but were free from infection at the time of study. while children (n = 10) of infection-free mothers responded vigorously to microfilarial antigen with lymphocyte proliferation, production ... | 1994 | 7908359 |
| [parasitic circulating antigens in hosts with filaria bancrofti]. | the elisa and dot-elisa with rabbit anti-setaria labial-papillosa antibody were applied to determine circulating antigens of filaria bancrofti. the total positive rate was 96% (24/25) in the sera of patients with microfilaremia from endemic areas, anhui province. the total positive rate of urines was 60% (15/25) in the same patients. the positive rates of the milks were both 100% (4/4) in the same patients. the conformity rate was 100% and 75% respectively for positive sera and urines (15 cases) ... | 1994 | 7922752 |
| changes in anti-filarial antibody after control of filariasis in shandong province. | the changes in anti-filarial antibody level at different periods in different population groups of various controlled areas were studied by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ift) using frozen sections of brugia malayi adult worms as antigen. the positive rates by ifat in formerly hyper-, moderate- and low-endemic areas decreased to the level as those in non-endemic areas 15, 10 and 10 years respectively after the control of filariasis. in the children born after the control of filariasis, the ... | 1994 | 7924577 |
| a polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of brugia malayi in blood. | there is need for sensitive, rapid, species-specific diagnosis of brugia filarial parasites because traditional methods are tedious and time-consuming, with little guarantee of species specificity. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay was developed using the hha i family of highly repeated dna sequences from brugia. the assay was tested on 124 human blood samples collected in a field study in indonesia. these included 66 microfilaria-positive samples from patients in an area endemic for ... | 1994 | 7943550 |
| age-specific prevalence of antigenemia in a wuchereria bancrofti-exposed population. | antigen detection assays serve as a useful adjunct to blood examinations for studies of filariasis, in terms of the diagnostic and epidemiologic information provided. we examined the utility of the og4c3 antigen detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for field studies and analyzed the distribution of wuchereria bancrofti antigenemia in a haitian population. using serum samples collected following venipuncture, antigenemia levels were correlated with microfilaremia (p < 0.001). the microfila ... | 1994 | 7943556 |
| microscopic visualization of wuchereria and brugia larval stages in intact cleared mosquitoes. | over the past several decades, epidemiologic data from filarial vectors typically has been obtained by mass dissection or by dissection of individual specimens. the former is quick and easy to do on large numbers of insects but provides no information on the frequency distribution of infection, presence of early developmental stages, or larval location; the latter is labor-intensive and tedious. we describe a new technique that can provide data comparable to those obtained by individual dissecti ... | 1994 | 7943576 |
| cloning and characterization of a repetitive dna sequence specific for wuchereria bancrofti. | a genomic library constructed in a bacteriophage lambda replacement vector (embl3) with wuchereria bancrofti dna partially digested with sau 3a i was screened with 32p-labeled w. bancrofti total dna, and a strongly reactive recombinant, embl3wb34, was isolated. this clone contained an approximately 16-kb insert that showed some cross-hybridization with brugia malayi and b. pahangi dna. however, a 969-bp subclone from embl3wb34, designated pwb12, hybridized only with w. bancrofti dna and was able ... | 1994 | 7943578 |
| advances in the diagnosis of human lymphatic filariases: a review. | the nematode parasites wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and b. timori are the causative agents of human lymphatic filariasis. of the estimated 90 million infections world-wide, w. bancrofti is responsible for over 80 million cases and is the only known aetiologic agent in the african region. numbers of infected persons are on the increase world-wide due to rural-urban migrations which result in mushrooming of shanty towns often encouraging formation of favourable mosquito breeding-sites. deve ... | 1994 | 7956865 |
| evidence of sex variations in microfilaraemia and fluorescent antibody titre level at puberty in a bancroftian filariasis endemic area. | 1101 children and young adults between 2 and 17 years age, residing in bancroftian filariasis endemic area of the jharia coalfields in bihar, were examined by indirect immunofluorescent test (iift) against dipetalonema vitae. the results, along with those of two night blood surveys conducted in the same area, covering 2148 and 2246 persons respectively, are reported. in the prepubertal age groups there was no statistically significant variation in the percentage of children showing positive anti ... | 1994 | 7963382 |
| prevalence of bancroftian filariasis in burdwan district, west bengal: a comparative study between colliery and non-colliery areas. | the present study reports results of a survey of bancroftian filariasis in burdwan district west bengal. 85,974 persons were examined of which 46,221 were inhabitants of the colliery areas of the district and rest 39,753 were from non-colliery areas, including urban and rural areas of the district. the clinicopositivity, endemicity, microfilaria(mf)-positivity, mf-clinicopositivity, and mf-density were determined. it was found that all these epidemiological and parasitological parameters were si ... | 1994 | 7963386 |
| antifilarial igg4 antibodies in children from filaria-endemic areas correlate with duration of infection and are dissociated from antifilarial ige antibodies. | to investigate the relationship of antifilarial igg4 and ige to the intensity of transmission and duration of filarial infections in endemic populations, antifilarial antibody levels in children residing in a village in papua new guinea where transmission of wuchereria bancrofti was reduced by repeated insecticide spraying were compared with levels in residents of three nearby villages where no control measures had been used. antifilarial igg4 levels were significantly lower in children from the ... | 1994 | 7963742 |
| bancroftian filariasis-differential reactivity of anti-sheath antibodies in microfilariae carriers. | anti-sheath antibodies have been detected using an immunofluorescent assay (ifat) in the sera of microfilariae carriers (as cases) residing in areas endemic for bancroftian filariasis. microfilariae (mf) of wuchereria bancrofti purified from five different mf carriers were used separately as antigen to identify anti-sheath antibodies. the reactivity of sera from as cases to mf sheath was found to be variable to the five different mf preparations. while as high as 25% of the sera reacted with mf ... | 1994 | 7970869 |
| current status of filariasis in malaysia. | the filariasis control program was established more than 30 years ago in the country and the disease is still a public health problem in some states. since 1983, a total of 17 filariasis control teams were formed throughout the country to carry out filariasis control work. the teams conduct house and population censuses, nocturnal mass blood surveys and treatment of microscopically confirmed cases. individual case follow-up is being carried out after 3-5 months while the locality is resurveyed a ... | 1993 | 7973937 |
| lymphatic filariasis in a recently described endemic area in marinduque, philippines. | marinduque has never been considered endemic for filariasis. the disease was suspected when a high incidence of scrotal enlargement was noted in three villages. on april 25-26, 1991, a field survey was conducted in these villages. the objectives were: 1) to confirm the existence of filariasis, 2) to determine its age and sex distribution, 3) to gain insights on its prevalence and on the periodicity of the parasite. daytime and nocturnal blood films were collected from both sexes aged 5 years and ... | 1993 | 7973939 |
| current status of filariasis in indonesia. | filariasis in indonesia is widely distributed. three species consisting of 5 ecologically different types have been identified infecting man. compared to older data, infection rates are much lower, partly due to environmental change and partly as a result of control programs. various dosage treatments have given good results. the higher dosage treatment gave severe reactions especially in brugian filariasis. pockets of high endemicity can still be found in remote rural areas. therefore a weekly ... | 1993 | 7973940 |
| the use of monoclonal antibodies in the detection of circulating antigens in malayan filariasis. | wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and brugia timori are the causative agents of lymphatic filariasis in indonesia but in some endemic areas, b malayi is more commonly found. diagnosis of filariasis is normally based on clinical, parasitological and immunological examinations but those methods have limitations. the discovery of monoclonal antibodies is expected to provide a new dimension to the efforts in the development of specific and sensitive immunological tests for the various stages of fi ... | 1993 | 7973941 |
| detection of circulating antigens and parasite specific antibodies in filariasis. | in peninsular malaysia, only wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi are reported to cause human filariasis. brugia pahangi infects many of the same animal hosts as the zoonotically transmitted subperiodic b. malayi. there is a well-recognized need for improved diagnostic techniques for lymphatic filariasis. parasite antigen detection is a promising new approach, and it will probably prove to be more sensitive and specific than clinical, microscopic and antibody-based serological methods. we rece ... | 1993 | 7973943 |
| genetic aspects of lymphatic filariasis. | the genetics of human susceptibility to lymphatic filariasis, the genetic basis of filarial susceptibility in vector mosquitos, and the genetic constitution of human filarial parasites and their mosquito vectors are reviewed. it is evident that our present knowledge on the genetics of lymphatic filariasis is still very meagre. the need to study various genetic aspects of the disease is highlighted. | 1993 | 7973944 |
| recent advances in epidemiological field techniques in filariasis. | there have been very few advances in epidemiological field techniques for filariasis in recent years. advances in other areas of study of filariasis have been published and a summary of some of those which have some application to field technology will be given. studies on vectors involving host influences on the development of filariae and the use of dna probes for vector speciation were reported as well as the development of techniques that yielded species-specific identification of larvae in ... | 1993 | 7973945 |
| current status of filariasis in thailand. | 1993 | 7973947 | |
| recent advances in the application of molecular biology in filariasis. | monitoring of filarial parasites in the host and vector has traditionally depended on morphological identification. recently, species-specific dna probes have been developed for brugia malayi, brugia pahangi and wuchereria bancrofti. repeated dna sequences are useful in developing dna probes because they evolve more rapidly then coding sequences and their high copy number increases the sensitivity of detection. the hhal repeated dna family represents 12% of the total b. malayi dna. this dna fami ... | 1993 | 7973949 |
| advances in immunology and immunopathology of lymphatic filariasis. | the lymphatic filarial parasites which affect about 90 million people worldwide have similar host-parasite relationships in man. they are all able to survive, reproduce and cause chronic infections if they can successfully evade the protective responses of the host. studies to investigate the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations of the infection even among those living in similar endemic areas and with presumed equal exposure to infective larvae, have been hampered by the lack of animal mode ... | 1993 | 7973952 |
| current status of filariasis in the philippines. | 1993 | 7973953 | |
| expression and analysis of the diagnostic value of an echinococcus granulosus antigen gene clone. | a pool of 9 sera from echinococcus granulosus infected patients (psp) was used to screen an e. granulosus cdna library constructed in the expression vector lambda gt11. ten reactive phage clones were isolated and 8 were confirmed in spot-lysis arrays probed with psp. the insert of 1 of these clones (lambda ageg4) previously characterized as an e. granulosus cytosolic malate dehydrogenase encoding gene was subcloned into the plasmid vector pgex-1 and expressed as a fusion with glutathione s-trans ... | 1994 | 7982748 |
| an ultrastructural, cytochemical and freeze-fracture study of the surface structures of brugia malayi microfilariae. | ultrastructural analysis of the cuticle of brugia malayi microfilariae indicated that it is composed of 2 regions: the inner one 15-20 nm thick with a homogeneous aspect and the outer one, designated as epicuticle, which is 15-20 nm thick. three laminae separated by electron-lucent regions were seen in the epicuticle. labeling of the cuticle and epicuticle of b. malayi and wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae was observed when thin sections of lowicryl-embedded parasites were incubated in the pres ... | 1994 | 7982752 |
| a successful control programme for lymphatic filariasis in hubei, china. | this paper describes the epidemiology and control of human lymphatic filariasis in hubei province, china from the 1950s to the 1990s. brugia malayi, transmitted by anopheles sinensis, and wuchereria bancrofti, transmitted by culex quinquefasciatus, were found in 69 of 78 counties and cities. the distribution of filaria species was distinct, with b. malayi endemic in the plains, mixed infections in hilly areas, and w. bancrofti in the mountains. before 1979, the microfilaria rate (mfr) in some vi ... | 1994 | 7992323 |
| parasitological and clinical aspects of bancroftian filariasis in kassena-nankana district, upper east region, ghana. | a survey of the prevalence of bancroftian filariasis was conducted in august-september 1992 in the northern part of the kassena-nankana district, upper east region, ghana. 200 compounds from 3 different communities were randomly selected from the vitamin a trial database. all resident compound members were examined for clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis and capillary blood was obtained between 21:00 and 01:00 and examined using the counting chamber technique. 1603 people were examin ... | 1994 | 7992337 |
| ultrasonographic evidence for stability of adult worm location in bancroftian filariasis. | 1994 | 7992338 | |
| the association between microfilaraemia and disease in lymphatic filariasis. | a standard tenet in the epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis is that patent infection is negatively related to chronic disease. we examine the empirical evidence for this relation by using published data from field studies carried out in a variety of bancroftian filariasis endemic areas. meta-analysis of the individual study results for each disease category of hydrocele in males only, lymphoedema only, and both conditions combined (total chronic disease) indicate, contrary to expectation, no ev ... | 1994 | 8008755 |
| response of chyluria and circulating microfilaria to treatment with diethylcarbamazine citrate--a case report. | 1993 | 8014441 | |
| og4c3 circulating antigen: a marker of infection and adult worm burden in wuchereria bancrofti filariasis. | og4c3 circulating filarial antigen was detected in the sera of 94.5% (259/274) of microfilaremic patients, 32% (239/751) of persons with presumption of filariasis, and 23% (11/48) of chronic filariasis patients. the antigen level was correlated with the microfilariae (mf) density and patient age (p < .01). it remained stable in patients treated with microfilaricidal drugs. og4c3 antigen, undetectable in mf culture media, was demonstrated to be a rare somatic mf antigen. it appears to be an excre ... | 1994 | 8014511 |
| diethylcarbamazine salt in the control of lymphatic filariasis. | where lymphatic filariasis has diminished since about the 1950s, it has most frequently, though not always, been a direct result of chemotherapeutic intervention against the parasite. diethylcarbamazine (dec), a well-established drug, has been the single agent of chemotherapeutic control and has been successful in a wide variety of regimens. this paper reviews the experience with one strategy: long-term, low-dose treatment through dec-medicated common salt. diethylcarbamazine-medicated salt play ... | 1994 | 8024057 |
| evaluation of a recombinant parasite antigen for the diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis. | we evaluated the usefulness of a recombinant parasite antigen (recsxp1) for the serologic diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis. a large proportion of sera from microfilaremic donors living in five different endemic countries (356 of 446 [80%]) contained igg antibodies to recsxp1, as do sera from approximately 33% of amicrofilaremic patients with acute filarial disease and/or indirect evidence of active filarial infection. exposure to filarial worms per se does not appear sufficient to elicit an ant ... | 1994 | 8024066 |
| live adult worms detected by ultrasonography in human bancroftian filariasis. | ultrasonographic examination of the scrotal area was performed in 14 asymptomatic individuals with bancroftian filariasis and microfilaremia. while in seven subjects (50%) the ultrasonographic findings were normal, lymphatic dilation and tortuosity were observed in the other seven. in these vessels, structures with peculiar aleatory movements (filaria dance sign) were detected. a segment of the lymphatic tract containing these mobile intraluminal structures that was resected surgically from the ... | 1994 | 8024070 |
| nucleotide sequence of an onchocerca volvulus cdna clone encoding an antigen homologous with the intermediate filament protein family. | a series of clones were isolated from an o. volvulus lambda gt11 cdna library on the basis of strong recognition by sera from both onchocerca volvulus or wuchereria bancrofti patients. several of these clones encoded a protein which clearly belonged to the intermediate filament (if) class, and had most similarity with a1if-a from ascaris lumbricoides and a number of if proteins from molluscs. western blotting experiments implied that the first coiled domain appears to be markedly less antigenic ... | 1994 | 8026911 |
| acute polymyositis associated with w. bancrofti. | two cases of acute polymyositis associated with w. bancrofti, presented with generalised painful swelling and weakness of the muscles. these patients had elevated muscle enzymes, a myopathic emg pattern, inflammatory myopathy on biopsy and w. bancrofti in the peripheral blood smear. the clinical, improvement of the disorder and total clearance of microfilariae was obtained with the combination therapy of steroid and diethyl-carbamazine in comparison with steroid alone. | 1994 | 8030406 |
| differential proliferative and interleukin-10 responses to fractionated filarial antigens: preferential recognition by patients with chronic lymphatic dysfunction. | to characterize filarial antigens that may be associated with the development of chronic lymphatic dysfunction in persons with lymphatic filariasis, t cell responsiveness to brugia pahangi adult worm extracts and sds-page antigen fractions were examined among haitians from an area in which wuchereria bancrofti is endemic. greater t cell proliferation and interleukin-10 (il-10) production were observed in amicrofilaremic patients with hydrocele or elephantiasis than in amicrofilaremic or microfil ... | 1994 | 8035027 |
| microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in cytologic smears from oral ulcers. | 1994 | 8042435 | |
| [study on the transmission threshold of filariasis. collaborating research group on the transmission threshold of filariasis]. | twenty-one villages from ten provinces and one autonomous region with different mf rates in population and different levels of mean mf density per 60 microliters blood in positive cases and representative species of filaria and vector after dec treatment were selected as study sites. in these villages a longitudinal investigation for a period of 3-5 years was carried out without adopting any control measure. the main results were: 1. among 279 residual microfilaremia cases, 235 (84.2%) turned ne ... | 1994 | 8044896 |
| a study of the cd4: cd8 ratio in peripheral t lymphocytes of rural papua new guineans: a reduced ratio assessed with regard to infectious agents. | the cd4:cd8 ratio in peripheral t lymphocytes was determined in 123 papua new guineans aged over 5 years from rumginae, a rural area of the western province. 18 people had a ratio less than 1.0. no antibody response to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv 1) was found within the group. hepatitis b surface antigen was more commonly associated with a cd4:cd8 ratio less than 1.0 than were microfilaraemia or a positive mantoux test. hepatitis b infection may be one of the causes of the cd4:cd8 ratio ... | 1993 | 8059546 |
| bancroftian filariasis in kwale district of kenya. i. clinical and parasitological survey in an endemic community. | a cross-sectional parasitological and clinical survey for wuchereria bancrofti infection was carried out in an endemic community of south-eastern kenya, to obtain background epidemiological information for detailed serological studies on bancroftian filariasis in the same community. quantitative examination of night blood samples (100 microliters) from 1129 individuals (76% of the population), using the counting chamber technique, revealed circulating microfilariae in 13.7% of the study group. p ... | 1994 | 8067810 |
| bancroftian filariasis in kwale district of kenya. ii. humoral immune responses to filarial antigens in selected individuals from an endemic community. | humoral immune responses to filarial infection were investigated in 162 individuals, covering the full clinical and parasitological spectrum of bancroftian filariasis as seen in an endemic community of kwale district, kenya. sera were tested for specific antifilarial antibodies (total immunoglobulins, igm, iggl, igg4 and ige) using elisa. most individuals showed an immunological response to the filarial antigen (prepared from adult brugia pahangi). how these responses were related to the clinica ... | 1994 | 8067811 |
| [nematode larva migrans. on two cases of filarial infection]. | with rapid air travel, so-called parasitic infections are becoming more important in northern hemisphere and temperate climates. parasitic disease is usually taken to imply infections caused by protozoa and helminths. the most important helminthic infections in man and with world-wide incidence are schistosomiasis, hookworm, and filariasis. we report the clinico-pathological findings of two patients with filarial infection of soft tissue and lymphatic nodes. | 1994 | 8072951 |
| rates of acquisition and loss of wuchereria bancrofti infection in culex quinquefasciatus. | rates of acquisition and loss of parasitic infection in the vector host of wuchereria bancrofti were estimated using a new method. the age of parasitic infections was estimated from the abdominal condition, determined on the basis of sella's stages of blood digestion and ovary development, and parity of the vector host and larval stages of the parasite. a negative exponential relationship between age and number of w. bancrofti infections provided estimated daily losses of 25.3% and 33.2% of the ... | 1994 | 8074259 |
| exposure variables in bancroftian filariasis in the nile delta. | to demonstrate focality of filariasis within endemic rural areas and to define exposure variables which may influence this phenomenon, the population of an agrarian endemic village, of 12,500 individuals, in the nile delta of egypt was censused. a sequential sample of individuals residing in every fifth house was tested for microfilaremia (239 households with 8.6 +/- 3.5 individuals per household (hhd). three areas of the village were tested simultaneously and a questionnaire was filled out for ... | 1994 | 8077763 |
| the status of human filariasis in north-western zone of bauchi state, nigeria. | in a nine-months epidemiological study to assess the status of human filariasis in north-western zone of bauchi state, nigeria, 3.5% prevalence was recorded in 8 communities. of the 1536 persons examined, 54 were microfilaremic for three blood-dwelling filarial parasites. 22 (1.4%) were positive for mansonella perstans, 10 (0.7%) and 22 (1.4%) had loa loa and wuchereria bancrofti respectively. w. bancrofti showed low microfilaremia in females of reproductive age with high degree of heterogeneity ... | 1994 | 8087153 |
| studies on the filariasis vector--culex quinquefasciatus at kanchrapara, west bengal (india). | a nine month entomological and parasitological study was conducted between december 1991 and august 1992, at kanchrapara, a town of the district north 24-parganas, west bengal. the town was found to be endemic for bancroftian filariasis. microfilaria rate among the human population was 1.9 per cent (35 of 1200 persons). average man hour density of c. quinquefasciatus was considerably high (31.10) and a higher vector prevalence was seen in summer. the infection and infectivity rates of the natura ... | 1994 | 8088885 |
| bancroftian lymphadenopathy: absence of eosinophils in tissues despite peripheral blood hypereosinophilia. | we studied the association of eosinophils with wuchereria bancrofti parasites in two children with biopsy-proven filarial lymphadenopathy and peripheral blood hypereosinophilia. in both cases, intact adult worms were present in lymph nodes but no inflammatory reaction was observed. the most remarkable histological feature in our patients was the absence of eosinophils in tissue sections in spite of persistently high numbers of eosinophils in peripheral blood. in the first case, treatment of inte ... | 1994 | 8107175 |
| the microfilarial periodic pattern of wuchereria bancrofti in kenya. | microfilarial periodic pattern of wuchereria bancrofti in kenya was confirmed by the statistical method proposed by aikat and das (1977). fifteen microfilarial positive individuals were brought to nairobi from malindi, which is one of the filariasis foci on the coastal area of kenya. from each individual a 60-microliter finger prick blood film was made every 2 hours throughout one complete 24-hour cycle. the blood films were dried for at least 48 hours and dehaemoglobinized. the fluid was filter ... | 1994 | 8107176 |
| ivermectin plus diethylcarbamazine: an additive effect on early microfilarial clearance. | the effects of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine (dec), and the combination of both drugs on levels of microfilaremia (mf) were studied in 30 male polynesian wuchereria bancrofti carriers. microfilarial densities were measured 30 min (h1/2), 1 hr (h1), and 2, 4, 8, 24, and 96 hr (h2, h4, h8, h24, and h96) after supervised single doses of ivermectin plus dec (400 micrograms/kg plus 1 mg/kg, respectively, 400 micrograms/kg plus 3 mg/kg, respectively, and 400 micrograms/kg plus 6 mg/kg, respectively), ... | 1994 | 8116814 |
| dig-elisa test in onchocerciasis. serum antibodies and probability of infection. | an immunoenzymatic test (dig-elisa) was serologically evaluated for the serodiagnosis of onchocerciasis. control and infected sera from the onchocerciasis endemic area of mexico was collected and the donors assessed for onchocerciasis according to parasitological, clinical, and epidemiological data. the sera were submitted to the dig-elisa test using a crude extract prepared from o. volvulus adult worms which had been preserved in nodules in 67% glycerol. the test showed a 100% sensitivity with ... | 1993 | 8118159 |
| long-term efficacy of single-dose treatment with 400 micrograms.kg-1 of ivermectin in bancroftian filariasis: results at one year. | in april 1992, a safety trial was performed with a single dose of ivermectin 400 micrograms.kg-1 (iver 400). in 37 bancroftian filariasis carriers, 6 and 12 months after iver 400 treatment, the microfilaremia recurrences were 3.2% and 13.5%, respectively. as compared to results from other studies with diethylcarbamazine and iver at different dosages and periodicities, the dosage of iver 400 seems the most effective; but a yearly intake might not be sufficient. | 1993 | 8134778 |
| risk of infection of wuchereria bancrofti to humans by culex quinquefasciatus in pondicherry and its relationship with microfilaria prevalence. | the risk of infection (ri) with wuchereria bancrofti by vector mosquitoes has been conventionally estimated from the biting population of all age classes. this estimate of ri had no correlation with microfilaria (mf) prevalence and intensity of infection in humans. a new method for estimating ri from a resting population of culex quinquefasciatus is proposed based on a longitudinal study in seventeen sites in pondicherry, india. unlike previous estimates, ri calculated by the present method cons ... | 1993 | 8147280 |
| ivermectin treatment of bancroftian filariasis in recife, brazil. | to determine the effectiveness of single oral dosages of ivermectin ranging between 20 and 200 micrograms/kg and to make detailed observations of both the kinetics of parasite killing and the adverse reactions induced by treatment, the present double-blind study on ivermectin treatment of lymphatic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti was undertaken with 43 microfilaremic patients in recife, brazil. follow-up at one year indicated equivalent efficacy for the 20-, 100-, and 200-micrograms/kg ... | 1994 | 8147492 |
| ivermectin 400 micrograms/kg: long-term suppression of microfilariae in bancroftian filariasis. | forty-three wuchereria bancrofti carriers were given 4 successive semi-annual single doses of ivermectin 100 micrograms/kg (iver 100). the geometric mean microfilaremia (mf) recurrence percentages, compared to the pre-initial treatment mf level, were 35%, 21%, 17% and 17% at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months respectively. however, the recurrence of mf 6 months after the fourth treatment remained high in 15 individuals, considered as 'bad responders'. at month 24, the subjects were randomly allocated into ... | 1994 | 8153984 |
| efficient assessment of filariasis endemicity by screening for filarial antigenaemia in a sentinel population. | we have previously reported that a monoclonal antibody-based antigen detection assay (ad12) is sensitive and specific for bancroftian filariasis in egypt. the purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the use of this assay in a sentinel population as a means of efficiently screening for filariasis endemicity. antigen testing was performed with finger-prick blood collected during the day from 743 schoolchildren (ages 11-16 years). the school draws students from 5 villages in qalubia governo ... | 1994 | 8153997 |
| qbc: rapid filaria diagnoses from blood--mansonella ozzardi and wuchereria bancrofti. | 1994 | 8154007 | |
| the use of ivermectin for scabies. | ivermectin, a modified avermectin, is widely known to be an ectoparasiticidal agent in animals but its effect on human ectoparasites is not known. | 1994 | 8156025 |
| cloning and characterization of a potentially protective chitinase-like recombinant antigen from wuchereria bancrofti. | while there is no direct evidence demonstrating the existence of protective immunity to wuchereria bancrofti infection in humans, the presence of individuals, in populations in areas where infection is endemic, with no clinical evidence of past or current infection despite appreciable exposure to the infective larvae, suggests that protective immunity to filarial parasites may occur naturally. earlier work indicated that such putatively immune individuals generated antibodies to a 43-kda antigen ... | 1994 | 8168956 |
| interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor in the pathogenesis of adverse reactions after treatment of lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. | adverse reactions following treatment of onchocerciasis and bancroftian filariasis are common and frequently severe. they are generally caused not by direct drug toxicity but by host inflammatory responses to dying microfilariae. to define the responsible mechanism, serial blood levels of interleukin-6 (il-6) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) were studied in 15 microfilaria-positive patients (10 with bancroftian filariasis, 5 with onchocerciasis) and 4 microfilaria-negative persons after diethylca ... | 1994 | 8169393 |
| [studies on the susceptibility of anopheles anthropophagus to experimental infection with wuchereria bancrofti]. | this paper reports the susceptibility of anopheles anthropophagus (xu et feng, 1975) to experimental infection with wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold, 1877), comparing with that of an. sinensis wiedemann, 1828, culex pipiens quinque fasciatus say, 1823, and aedes togoi (theobald, 1907). of 188 an. anthropophagus, 202 an. sinensis, 280 cx. pipiens quinque fasciatus and 129 ae. togoi infected by the blood of a bancroftian microfilaremia with mff density of 190 mff/20cmm, the infective rates were 35.64 ... | 1993 | 8174212 |
| identification and characterisation of a novel repetitive antigen from onchocerca spp. | a novel repetitive antigen from the cattle parasite onchocerca gibsoni was shown to be recognised by sera from humans infected with onchocerca volvulus, wuchereria bancroftii or brugia malayi. the o. gibsoni protein was produced in a recombinant form, and antibodies raised to this protein used to screen cdna libraries for o. volvulus. a series of clones were isolated which encoded repetitive regions very similar to those in o. gibsoni, but interspersed between these were longer repeating units w ... | 1994 | 8183322 |
| bancroftian microfilariae in ascitic fluid. | 1994 | 8191849 | |
| arthritis in children: an occult manifestation of bancroftian filariasis. | a form of unexplained arthritis, not attributable to known causes, seen in children (0-14 yrs) in this endemic zone of bancroftian filariasis was investigated for its association with filariasis. nineteen cases of undiagnosed arthritis were screened for filarial igg antibodies to wuchereria by stick enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). all had large joint involvement, the commonest joint affected being the knee joint. involvement was monoarticular in 10 and binarticular in 9. joint pain wa ... | 1993 | 8200705 |
| estimation of permissible levels of transmission of bancroftian filariasis based on some entomological and parasitological results of a 5-year vector control programme. | the impact of a 5-year vector control programme on transmission of bancroftian filariasis and microfilaraemia levels in the human population was examined in pondicherry, south india. the programme reduced and maintained the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti at appreciably low levels in many localities of pondicherry town, but its impact on overall microfilaraemia prevalence was only limited. however, prevalence of infection was reduced drastically in children born after establishment of the p ... | 1994 | 8203298 |
| filariasis and blood groups. | using modern statistical techniques, we investigated the controversial relationship between lymphatic filariasis and blood groups in a very large number of patients. | 1993 | 8241933 |
| microfilariae recurrence in polynesian wuchereria bancrofti carriers treated with repeated single doses of 100 micrograms/kg of ivermectin. | forty-six polynesian carriers of wuchereria bancrofti were treated with 3 successive single doses of ivermectin, 100 micrograms/kg, given every 6 months. immediate microfilaricidal activity of ivermectin was excellent in all carriers, since residual mean microfilaraemia levels, 2 d after each of the 3 treatments, were less than 1% of pretreatment levels. before initial treatment, geometric mean microfilaraemia was 500 microfilaria (mf)/ml for the whole group (range 21-6398 mf/ml); 6 months after ... | 1993 | 8249089 |
| correlation between the preferred biting site of culex quinquefasciatus and the region of the body affected by clinical filariasis. | entomological and filariasis surveys were conducted simultaneously in a rural and an urban environment in west bengal from september 1986 to august 1987. the aim of the surveys was to see if any correlation existed between the preferred biting site of culex quinquefasciatus, the filarial vector, and the region of the body affected by clinical filariasis. significantly more mosquitoes (> 55%) attacked the thighs, legs and feet of human volunteers than other sites on their bodies, whether the volu ... | 1993 | 8250630 |
| avidin-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ab-elisa) for the detection of bancroftian filariasis. | 1993 | 8257242 |