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l-arabinose metabolism by cell-free extracts of penicillium chrysogenum. 196113692999
oxidation of glycolic acid by penicillium chrysogenum. 196013695635
production of penicillin with waste mycelium penicillium chrysogenum as the sole source of nitrogen. 196113704953
the isolation of d-valine from penicillium chrysogenum. 196013710858
[metabolism of organic acids by penicillium chrysogenum q 176 grown on acetate]. 196113730895
[the fate of 2-14c-labelled acetate in penicillium chrysogenum]. 196113730896
accumulation of intracellular inorganic sulfate by penicillium chrysogenum. 196113749681
[studies on acid-soluble phosphorus compounds from penicillium chrysogenum q-176 in various growth conditions]. 196113755010
sulphur-containing amino acids and peptides in the mycelium of penicillium chrysogenum. 196013794417
isolation of a tripeptide containing alpha-aminoadipic acid from the mycelium of penicillium chrysogenum and its possible significance in penicillin biosynthesis. 195913794418
the structure of a peptide, containing alpha-aminoadipic acid, cystine and valine, present in the mycelium of penicillium chrysogenum. 196013794420
the physicochemical requirements for the action of penicillium notatum phospholipase b on unimolecular films of lecithin. 196013796431
mutarotase from penicillium notatum. i. purification, assay, and general properties of the enzyme. 196013799037
mutarotase from penicillium notatum. ii. the mechanism of the mutarotation reaction. 196013799038
[production of proteolytic enzyme preparations from the mycelium penicillium chrysogenum]. 196013800319
d-xylose metabolism by cell-free extracts of penicillium chrysogenum. 195913809796
the metabolism of 6-amino-penicillanic acid and related compounds by penicillium chrysogenum and its possible significance for penicillin biosynthesis. 196013845690
hybridisation of highly active strains of penicillium chrysogenum. 196113860451
[the fate of s-35 sulfate and s-35 methionine in a high-yielding penicillin-producing strain of penicillium chrysogenum and in a mutant nonproductive strain grown in a simple substitution medium]. 196113864453
[nucleotides of microorganisms. i. nucleotides of the mycelium of penicillium chrysogenum thom]. 196113864454
[nucleotides of microorganisms. ii. isolation of adenylsuccinic acid and adenosinosuccini acid from the mycelium of penicillium chrysogenum thom]. 196113864456
[observations on the morphology of penicillium chrysogenum thom in submerged culture. v. a) b) c) d). on the mode of formation of conida of penicillium chrysogenum thom in submerged culture]. 196113876578
studies on the kinetics of fungicidal action. ii. the effect of temperature on the viability of penicillium notatum spores in water and solutions of phenol. 196213878488
[effect of fats on the synthesis of 6-aminopenicillic acid during deep cultivation of penicillium chrysogenum]. 196213900739
[nucleotides of micro-organisms. iii. the structure of a new pyridine nucleotide isolated from penicillium chrysogenum thom]. 196113910835
[the genetics of penicillium chrysogenum. iv. effect of some mutagenic agents on the somatic segregation of heterozygous diploids]. 196113910841
the parasexual cycle in penicillium chrysogenum and its application to the production of penicillin. 196113910843
ballistic disruption of penicillium chrysogenum cells.the use of glass beads in a high-speed mixing device to rupture organisms was applied to molds. the use of a mixer in which the propellor shaft enters from the top into a metal mixing chamber made it possible to immerse the whole device in a salt water and ice mixture so that the temperature of the glass-bead slurry could be kept below 5 c without difficulty. mycelia, glass beads, and buffer in a 1:2:3 (w/w) ratio gave above 95% breakage in 15 min with penicillium chrysogenum cells and in 4 min ...196213952345
an analysis of the cell walls of penicillium chrysogenum. 196213952347
[observations on the proteolytic system of penicillium chrysogenum]. 196213988083
the effect of age on the viability of penicillium notatum spores in water and solutions of phenol. 196214020403
[some data on the nature of the volutin granules in penicillium chrysogenum]. 196214028181
[comparative studies on the process of development of penicillium chrysogenum, strain no. 194, and a new hybrid]. 196214028182
nitrogenous components of phospholipids extracted from penicillium chrysogenum. 196314072044
intermediates in inorganic sulfate utilization by penicillium chrysogenum. 196314084584
attempted genetic transformation in penicillium chrysogenum. 196414085567
on the relationship between the effect of phenol on the oxygen uptake and the viability of penicillium notatum spores. 196314101600
isolation of auxotrophs of penicillium chrysogenum and their penicillin yields. 196314114924
heterokaryon studies and the genetic control of penicillin and chrysogenin production in penicillium chrysogenum. 196314114925
formation and segregation of heterozygous diploids between a wild-type strain and derivatives of high penicillin yield in penicillium chrysogenum. 196314114926
[penicillin biosynthesis by highly productive strains of penicillium chrysogenum on media with different carbohydrates]. 196314124720
[on orthophosphate absorption by penicillium chrysogenum mycelia]. 196414194903
properties of heterozygous diploids between stains of penicillium chrysogenum selected for high penicillin yield. 196414195251
the isolation of trehalose and polyols from the conidia of penicillium chrysogenum thom. 196414224822
[influence of several polymers in the fermentation of "penicillium chrysogenum"]. 196414249968
[study of the mechanism of orthophosphate absorption by mycelia of penicillium chrysogenum]. 196414264925
studies in valine biosynthesis. vii. an enzymatic clue in penicillium chrysogenum and other organisms. 196514277682
use of penicillium chrysogenium mycelium as animal food.the mycelial cake of penicillium chrysogenum, when dried and specially processed, has been found to serve as a source of protein in place of soybean meal in the diet of experimental mice. animals were fed a control diet first, and an increase in weight proved the formulation to be satisfactory. the changeover from the control to the experimental diet was sudden, and initially caused a decrease in the weight of the experimental mice. however, at the end of a 29-day period, the experimental mice s ...196514325891
sequential primary and secondary shunt metabolism in penicillium chrysogenum.penicillium chrysogenum was grown on a rich medium and on a more sparse medium which favored penicillin production. mycelia grown on both media were examined for changes in lipid, mannitol, erythritol, glycerol, pentitol, trehalose, and residual mycelium, and the filtrates were examined for penicillin. penicillin production took place after the bulk of trehalose, polyol, and lipid had accumulated, and hence the sequential pattern of primary and secondary shunt metabolism, as observed in the case ...196514341595
[determination of amylase in mycelia of penicillium chrysogenum, strain 194]. 196414347134
[peroxidase function of penicillium chrysogenum during production of penicillin]. 195414376104
[effect of mechanical stirring on the morphology of penicillium chrysogenum thom in stirred fermenters]. 195414395549
[penicillium chrysogenum genetics. i. heterokaryosis in penicillium chrysogenum]. 195414395551
[penicillium chrysogenum genetics. ii. separation and recombination by a heterozygous diploid in penicillium chrysogenum]. 195414395552
dissimilation of citric acid by extracts of penicillium chrysogenum. 196014400461
inhibitory effect of fungistatic antibiotics on the production of amylase by penicillium chrysogenum. 195914403252
production of inductive amylase by penicillium chrysogenum. 196014403254
[stimulation of penicillin formation in a strain of penicillium chrysogenum by compounds of bivalent sulfur]. 195914409728
[effect of stirring on the development of penicillium chrysogenum inmi-243 and penicillin synthesis]. 195914426551
continuous-flow culture of the filamentous mould penicillium chrysogenum and the control of its morphology. 195914433236
repetitive mutagenic treatment and mass-culturing of microorganisms--observations on penicillium chrysogenum. 195914441887
[synthesis of 6-aminopenicillic acid during the fermentation of penicillium chrysogenum on a medium with precursors]. 196214464704
[studies on the respiration of penicillium chrysogenum]. 196214464707
[the genetics of penicillium chrysogenum. v. reversion by manganese chloride of the lethal action and chromosomal damage produced by nitrogen mustard]. 196114476208
[a method for the isolation of crystalline 6-methylpenicillic acid from liquid culture media obtained during the fermentation of the microganism penicillium chrysogenum without the precursor]. 196214497628
molecular and immunological characterization of pen ch 18, the vacuolar serine protease major allergen of penicillium chrysogenum.we have suggested previously that the 32 and 34 kda major allergens of penicillium chrysogenum (also known as p. notatum) are the vacuolar (pen ch 18) and the alkaline (pen ch 13) serine proteases, respectively, of p. chrysogenum. the purpose of this study is to characterize the 32 kda allergen of p. chrysogenum and its immunoglobulin e (ige)cross-reactivity with pen ch 13 allergen.200314510716
removal of as(v) from wastewaters by chemically modified fungal biomass.biosorption has been demonstrated to be a useful alternative to conventional treatment systems for the removal of toxic metals from dilute aqueous solution. the objective of this paper was to examine the main aspects of a possible strategy for the removal of arsenates, employing p. chrysogenum biomass. the pretreatment of biomass with common surfactants (as hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide and dodecylamine) and a cationic polyelectrolyte was found to improve the biosorption efficiency. the in ...200314511725
co-transformation with autonomous replicating and integrative plasmids in penicillium chrysogenum is highly efficient and leads in some cases to rescue of the intact integrative plasmid.the efficiency of co-transformation in penicillium chrysogenum wisconsin 54-1255 pyrg(-) and the fate of the transforming dna were studied using an integrative (pef43) and an autonomous replicating plasmid (pam9l). the results showed a co-transformation frequency of nearly 70% of all transformants tested. the total efficiency of transformation was shown to be dependent on the plasmid marker used as transformant selection (i.e., markers in the integrative or autonomous replicating vector). analys ...200314516761
identification of moulds belonging to the penicillium genus using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr-sscp) method followed by 'computer assisted' statistical analysis of the electrophoretic patterns. 200314535495
active internalization of the penicillium chrysogenum antifungal protein paf in sensitive aspergilli.the penicillium chrysogenum antifungal protein paf inhibits the growth of various filamentous fungi. in this study, paf was found to localize to the cytoplasm of sensitive aspergilli by indirect immunofluorescence staining. the internalization process required active metabolism and atp and was prevented by latrunculin b, suggesting an endocytotic mechanism.200314576124
detection of ige reactivity to fungus antigens by immunoblotting in allergic diseases in children.fungi are well-known as sources for allergens that cause allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of sensitization to airborne fungi in allergic diseases in children.200314604308
kinetic and stability properties of penicillium chrysogenum atp sulfurylase missing the c-terminal regulatory domain.atp sulfurylase from penicillium chrysogenum is a homohexameric enzyme that is subject to allosteric inhibition by 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate. in contrast to the wild type enzyme, recombinant atp sulfurylase lacking the c-terminal allosteric domain was monomeric and noncooperative. all kcat values were decreased (the adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (adenylylsulfate) (aps) synthesis reaction to 17% of the wild type value). additionally, the michaelis constants for mgatp and sulfate (or mol ...200414613928
mixed bloodstream infection with staphylococcus aureus and penicillium chrysogenum in an immunocompromised patient: case report and review of the literature.we report a case of an immunocompromised patient who developed a mixed bacterial-fungal bloodstream infection involving staphylococcus aureus and penicillium chrysogenum. to date, no reports of such mixed bloodstream infection have been found.200314616728
hydrolytic activity of penicillium chrysogenum pg222 on pork myofibrillar proteins.moulds grow on many different dry-cured meat products and are able to hydrolyse muscle proteins. however, their contribution to proteolysis in these products is not well known. only recently, the ability of just a few strains of penicillium spp. to increase proteolysis in dry-cured meat products has been shown. for these strains to be used as starter cultures, their hydrolytic activity under standard conditions should be characterised. with this purpose, the effect of penicillium chrysogenum pg2 ...200314623381
influence of inoculum preparation on the growth of penicillium chrysogenum.the influence of the spore preparation on subsequent fungal growth of penicillium chrysogenum was assessed.200314633032
a cold-adapted endo-arabinanase from penicillium chrysogenum.previously, three arabinan-degrading enzymes were isolated from penicillium chrysogenum 31b. here we describe another arabinan-degrading enzyme, termed abnc, from the culture filtrate of the same organism. analysis of the reaction products of debranched arabinan by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (hpaec) revealed that abnc cleaved the substrate in an endo manner and that the final major product was arabinotriose. the molecular mass of abnc was estimated to be 35 kda by sds-page. e ...200314642815
the presence of penicillium and penicillium mycotoxins in food wastes.a total of 97 samples (48 summer and 49 winter) of food waste from private households were investigated for penicillium and for mycotoxins. twenty-five penicillium species were isolated and penicillium crustosum, penicillium brevicompactum, penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium expansum, penicillium roqueforti, penicillium spinulosum, penicillium viridicatum, penicillium commune, penicillium citrinum and penicillium solitum were, in decreasing order, the most frequently identified species. mycoto ...200414698099
high efficiency transformation of penicillium nalgiovense with integrative and autonomously replicating plasmids.penicillium nalgiovense is a filamentous fungus that is acquiring increasing biotechnological importance in the food industry due to its widespread use as starter culture for cured and fermented meat products. strains of p. nalgiovense can be improved by genetic modification to remove the production of penicillin and other potentially hazardous secondary metabolites, to improve its capacity to control the growth of undesirable fungi and bacteria on the meat product, and other factors that contri ...200414698104
identification of a negative regulatory element which regulates basal transcription of a multidrug resistance gene cdr1 of candida albicans.we have earlier shown that transcriptional activation of the candida drug resistance gene, cdr1, is linked to various stresses wherein a proximal promoter (-345 bp from the transcription start point (tsp)) was found to be predominantly more responsive. in this study we have examined basal expression of the cdr1 proximal promoter by employing a renilla luciferase reporter system. we observed that upon sequential deletion of the proximal promoter, there was modulation in basal reporter activity. t ...200414734019
cloning and characterization of preferentially expressed genes in an aluminum-tolerant mutant derived from penicillium chrysogenum ifo4626.cdnas expressed preferentially in an al-tolerant microorganism were isolated by subtraction hybridization with cdnas of al-sensitive penicillium chrysogenum ifo4626 as driver cdna and cdnas of the al-tolerant mutant derived from the wild cells by uv irradiation as tester cdna. northern blot analysis revealed that mrna levels of six genes were increased significantly in the al-tolerant mutant after exposure to al stress when compared with the wild cells. two genes accumulated in both the presence ...200414734176
microbial exposure and mold-specific serum igg levels among children with respiratory symptoms in 2 school buildings.in this study, the authors determined the association between serum mold-specific immunoglobulin g (igg) levels in primary school children (n = 181) with asthma, wheezing, or cough symptoms and exposure to indoor mold in 2 schools, with and without mold damage. microbial exposure was determined with environmental sampling. serum igg antibody concentrations against 24 microbial strains were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. children's microbe-specific igg levels were often higher ...200314738273
inactivation of the lys7 gene, encoding saccharopine reductase in penicillium chrysogenum, leads to accumulation of the secondary metabolite precursors piperideine-6-carboxylic acid and pipecolic acid from alpha-aminoadipic acid.pipecolic acid serves as a precursor of the biosynthesis of the alkaloids slaframine and swainsonine (an antitumor agent) in some fungi. it is not known whether other fungi are able to synthesize pipecolic acid. penicillium chrysogenum has a very active alpha-aminoadipic acid pathway that is used for the synthesis of this precursor of penicillin. the lys7 gene, encoding saccharopine reductase in p. chrysogenum, was target inactivated by the double-recombination method. analysis of a disrupted st ...200414766586
biochemical studies on penicillium chrysogenum q-176. i. phosphatase activity and the role of zinc in the production of penicillin. 195014771930
[the antidotic properties of filtrates of cultures of penicillium notatum, of actinomyces griseus, and of bacillus subtilis with regard to beta staphylotoxin]. 195114849043
biochemistry of filamentous fungi. i. oxidative metabolism of glucose by penicillium chrysogenum. 195114888643
production of ketoglutarate by penicillium chrysogenum. 195114910634
respiration of penicillium chrysogenum in penicillin fermentations. 195214927881
oxidation of phenylacetic acid by penicillium chrysogenum. 195214934665
[modifications in the formation of penicillin by penicillium chrysogenum thom. by successive division and thinning out of cultures]. 195214953075
biochemical studies on penicillium chrysogenum q-176. ii. further investigations on phosphatase activity. 195214953429
apyrase, pyrophosphatase and metaphosphatase of penicillium chrysogenum. 195214953432
observations on penicillium chrysogenum in submerged culture. 1. mycelial growth and autolysis. 195214954424
observations on penicillium chrysogenum in submerged culture. 2. cytological and cytochemical investigations. 195214954425
carbon dioxide fixation into amino acids of penicillium chrysogenum. 195214955515
transformation of copper oxychloride fungicide into copper oxalate by tolerant fungi and the effect of nitrogen source on tolerance.aspergillus niger and penicillium chrysogenum were able to grow on czapek dox medium amended with elevated concentrations [up to 500 ppm active ingredient (ai)] of the fungicide copper oxychloride. solubilization of the fungicide in solid medium was evident by the appearance of a clear (halo) zone underneath and around the growing colonies. the halo formed with a. niger, grown on fungicide-containing nitrate nitrogen medium, was found subsequently to enclose concentric rings of newly crystalline ...200414971857
molecular characterization of a penicillium chrysogenum exo-1,5-alpha-l-arabinanase that is structurally distinct from other arabinan-degrading enzymes.the nucleotide sequence of the abnx cdna gene, which encodes an exo-arabinanase (abnx) of penicillium chrysogenum 31b, was determined. abnx was found to be structurally distinct from known arabinan-degrading enzymes based on its amino acid sequence and a hydrophobic cluster analysis. the protein in the protein database with the highest similarity to abnx was the neurospora crassa conserved hypothetical protein. the abnx cdna gene product expressed in escherichia coli catalyzed the release of ara ...200414988022
the "scorpion" experiment onboard the international space station. preliminary results.the "scorpion" program onboard the russian segment (rs) of the international space station (iss) is designed to carry out complex research of the effects of the nar-earth space parameters on the conditions under which various experiments and operations are being conducted. special attention in this program was paid to the biological objects onboard the orbital station, e.g. it was found that variation in the number of colony forming units (micromicets and bacteria) correlates with the solar acti ...200314997884
elicitor effects on reactive oxygen species in liquid cultures of penicillium chrysogenum.activity of reactive oxygen species (ros) was investigated in liquid cultures of penicillium chrysogenum p2 supplemented with carbohydrates. oligosaccharides lowered the ros activity in all samples. the greatest effect occurred when oligosaccharides were added to samples 48 h after inoculation. the ros decrease in the presence of oligoguluronate, oligomannuronate and mannan oligosaccharides was 18%, 36% and 54%, respectively (ros levels varied notably with culture age and type of elicitor). the ...200415000483
berkeleydione and berkeleytrione, new bioactive metabolites from an acid mine organism.[structure: see text] two novel hybrid polyketide-terpenoid metabolites were isolated from a penicillium sp. growing in the berkeley pit lake of butte, montana. their structures were deduced by spectroscopic analysis and confirmed by single-crystal x-ray analysis on berkeleydione (1). both compounds inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-3 and caspase-1, and berkeleydione showed activity toward non-small-cell lung cancer in nci's human cell line antitumor screen.200415012097
[penicillium chrysogenum endophthalmitis: a case report].we report a case of penicillium chrysogenum endophthalmitis after penetrating ocular trauma in a 9-year-old child, describing the initial management and the therapeutic adaptation after biopsy culture. after a review of endophthalmitis treatment, we discuss mycotic endophthalmitis treatment and recommend the use of intravitreal antibiotics. in this case, we used amphotericin b to treat the fungal disorder with success.200415039628
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