Publications

[moraxella catarrhalis as an important etiologic factor in infection of the lower bronchial tree].	moraxella catarrhalis in responsible for a considerable number of bronchopulmonary infections in adults, as well as otitis media and sinusitis in children. many strains of moraxella catarrhalis produce beta-lactamase and are resistant to many beta-lactam antibiotics. when moraxella catarrhalis in considered to be a causative organism, the choice for an empiric antimicrobial therapy should be beta-lactamase-resistant antibiotics.	1994	7866327
cefquinome (hr 111v). in vitro evaluation of a broad-spectrum cephalosporin indicated for infections in animals.	cefquinome (formerly hr 111v), an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was compared with cefepime, cefpirome, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime against 681 clinical cultures and a challenge set of bacteria with well-characterized resistance mechanisms. cefquinome minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic90) for the enterobacteriaceae ranged from < or = 0.12-2 micrograms/ml with the highest mic (4 micrograms/ml) obtained among citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, and providencia stuartii strains. a total ...	1994	7867299
expression of fimbriae and host response in branhamella catarrhalis respiratory infections.	sputum during the acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases were observed under the electron microscope, to determine the in vivo expression of surface structures of branhamella catarrhalis (b. catarrhalis), the polymorphonuclear neutrophil (pmn) response to b. catarrhalis infections, and the composition of sputum. it was found that during infection fimbriae are expressed in b. catarrhalis. however, there were sparsely to densely fimbriated bacteria in each sputum sample. the length of ...	1994	7869954
prediction of piperacillin-tazobactam susceptibility among enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other bacteria using ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, and other broad-spectrum antimicrobial in vitro test results.	the ability of various in vitro beta-lactam susceptibility test results to predict the susceptibility of piperacillin-tazobactam (a new beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combination) was assessed using more than 46,000 recent clinical isolates. the organisms were tested by reference-quality national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) broth microdilution procedures and interpreted by the currently published nccls criteria. the recommended antimicrobial tests that would accurat ...	1994	7874881
[antibacterial activities of cefetamet against clinically isolated strains from community acquired respiratory tract infections (ii)].	antibacterial activities of cefetamet (cemt) against clinically isolated strains from patients with community acquired respiratory tract infections were compared to those of other oral beta-lactam antibiotics in the period from january to march 1994. the following results were obtained. 1. cemt showed strong antibacterial activities against three major pathogens causing community acquired respiratory tract infections, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae. ...	1994	7877255
comparative microbiological activity and pharmacokinetics of cefprozil.	in vitro studies on the activity of cefprozil have been conducted in europe and north america. against gram-negative bacilli, cefprozil and cefaclor are at least two to four times more active than cephalexin. cefixime is more active against these organisms. against gram-positive cocci, cefprozil is at least two to four times more active than cefaclor and cephalexin; cefixime has limited gram-positive activity, and is particularly inactive against staphylococci (mic90 32 mg/l). cefprozil is highl ...	1994	7889957
multi-investigator evaluation of the efficacy and safety of cefprozil, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefixime and cefaclor in the treatment of acute otitis media.	cefprozil was evaluated in the treatment of acute otitis media with effusion in three open, randomized, multicenter comparative clinical trials. in two trials, 891 pediatric patients were enrolled to either cefprozil or amoxicillin-clavulanate dosage regimens. the treatment groups were comparable in demographic characteristics, and presented with otalgia, middle-ear effusion, or inflamed or bulging tympanic membrane on otoscopic examination. in all patients, tympanocentesis and a culture were re ...	1994	7889960
serum antibodies to outer membrane proteins (omps) of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis in patients with bronchiectasis: identification of omp b1 as an important antigen.	moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in adults and of otitis media in children. little is known about the human immune response to this bacterium. in this study, immunoblot assays were performed to detect serum immunoglobulin g antibodies directed at purified outer membrane of m. catarrhalis. twelve serum samples, two each from six patients with bronchiectasis who were persistently colonized with this organism, were tested with their homolog ...	1995	7890418
restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of genomic dna of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis isolates in a hospital.	epidemiological typing, based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), was attempted for the 38 clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis obtained at shinshu university hospital during the years 1987 and 1993. digestion with smai or noti generated well separable, 12 to 5 genomic dna fragments ranging from 1,000 kb to 30 kb and the strains could be classified into 14 or 13 types, respectively. the electrophoretic profile differed with the str ...	1994	7898388
chemotherapy for chronic bronchitis. controversies.	chronic bronchitis is a common inflammatory disease of the airways characterised by cough, sputum production and associated features such as dyspnoea and respiratory obstruction. it has a poor prognosis once fully developed and imposes a heavy financial burden on affected societies. chronic bronchitis is subject to periodic exacerbations in which the role of bacterial infection and the rightful place of antibiotic therapy is only slowly emerging, largely due to the non-homogeneity of the populat ...	1995	7899359
a prospective study of isolation of moraxella catarrhalis in a hospital during the winter months.	sputum samples submitted to the microbiology laboratory from general medical and respiratory wards were monitored for moraxella catarrhalis on a prospective basis. all isolates were typed by restriction endonuclease typing. nosocomial spread was found both by the clustering of cases and typing of isolates. sampling of the environment of some cases was performed. seven out of 37 samples revealed environmental contamination. sampling for persistence of the organism in the environment was positive ...	1993	7901276
detection of streptococcus pneumoniae in sputum samples by pcr.	a method for the detection of streptococcus pneumoniae in sputum samples by pcr has been developed. the assay employs oligonucleotide primers specific for a portion of the autolysin gene lyta of s. pneumoniae. other closely related streptococci, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis do not give a positive result in the assay. the assay was capable of detecting between 10 and 100 cfu of s. pneumoniae in distilled water and 1.4 x 10(4) cfu/ml in simulated sputum samples. sputum samples ...	1994	7914205
growth of moraxella catarrhalis with human transferrin and lactoferrin: expression of iron-repressible proteins without siderophore production.	moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, a mucosal pathogen closely related to neisseria species, is a prominent cause of otitis media in young children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults. in this study, we investigated whether m. catarrhalis can compete for iron bound to human transferrin or human lactoferrin in a manner similar to that utilized by neisseria meningitidis and neisseria gonorrhoeae. our studies demonstrated that m. catarrhalis obtains iron from these serum carrier prote ...	1994	7927771
moraxella catarrhalis in upper respiratory tract of healthy yemeni children/adults and paediatric patients: detection and significance.	a highly variable carriage rate of moraxella catarrhalis has been reported in the literature. in order to assess the reasons for this variability, detection rates of this organism from various sites of the upper respiratory tract of children and adults were studied. throat swabs, oral swabs and nasal swabs from 131 children, 96 adults and 64 paediatric patients with upper respiratory tract infections were cultured on a selective medium. detection rates of 31.4% in children less than three years ...	1994	7927815
[pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on biapenem (l-627) in children].	the results are summarized as follows: 1. a total of 10 patients were treated with biapenem (l-627). we received informed consent from all of their parents. each dose was 6 mg/kg, and it was administered 3 times daily (40 mg/kg, 4 times daily in meningitis), in a 30-minute intravenous drip infusion for 5-17 days. the clinical efficacies of l-627 in 10 patients with bacterial infections (1 with purulent meningitis, 1 with sepsis, 5 with pneumonia, 2 with urinary tract infection and 1 with purulen ...	1994	7933524
evaluation of minocycline and cefuzonam for antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates.	the antibacterial activity of minocycline (mino) and that of cefuzonam (czon) were assessed with clinical isolates of 19 species, and compared with that of other antibiotics. mino was highly active against methicilli-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (mssa), neisseria gonorrhoeae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, helicobacter pylori, flavobacterium meningosepticum, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, peptostreptococcus spp. and propionibacterium acnes, but not as effective aga ...	1994	7933531
antibiotic resistance patterns of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis: a prospective study in murcia, spain, 1983-1992.	we prospectively determined the role of commonly used antibiotics in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among the predominant pathogens associated with the respiratory tract. clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis from otic exudates, exudates obtained by puncture of the paranasal sinuses, sputum samples or blood cultures obtained from hospital inpatients with symptoms of significant upper or lower respiratory tract infection were an ...	1994	7956452
extraction of beta-lactamase from moraxella catarrhalis.		1994	7961208
in-vitro activity of four new fluoroquinolones.	the in-vitro activities of four new fluoroquinolones, e-4749, e-4874, e-4884 and e-4904, were compared with that of ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin against 1106 clinical isolates. against majority of enterobacteriaceae, general antibacterial activities of e-4749 (mic90s 0.06-1 mg/l), e-4874 (mic90s, 0.03-0.25 mg/l) and e-4884 (mic90s 0.01-0.5 mg/l) were comparable or slightly lower than those of ciproloxacin (mic90s 0.01-0.25 mg/l) and sparfloxacin (mic90s 0.01-1 mg/l). the activity of e-4904 (mi ...	1994	7961215
molecular cloning and characterization of outer membrane protein e of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis.	outer membrane protein e (omp e) is a 50-kda protein of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. it is a potential vaccine antigen because it is expressed on the surface of the bacterium and has antigenic determinants which are conserved among most strains of m. catarrhalis. to clone the gene encoding omp e, an embl-3 genomic library of strain 25240 was screened with a family of degenerate oligonucleotides based on the amino-terminal protein sequence. the omp e gene was identified in one of the six ...	1994	7961416
association of gm allotypes with the antibody response to the outer membrane proteins of a common upper respiratory tract organism, moraxella catarrhalis.	previously, gm allotypes have been shown to influence human serum ig subclass levels as well as the ab levels achieved after ag stimulation. the majority of the latter studies have focused on ab responses to polysaccharide ags. in this study, we have investigated the relationship between gm allotypes and naturally occurring serum ab levels to a bacterial protein ag, the outer membrane proteins of a common microorganism, moraxella catarrhalis. in the sera of 160 patients having chronic/recurrent ...	1994	7963583
branhamella catarrhalis in children and adults. a study of prevalence, time of colonisation, and association with upper and lower respiratory tract infections.	the colonisation rate of branhamella catarrhalis in patients from 0 to 45 years of age was examined. of 561 women admitted to hospital in labour, 6 (1%) carried b. catarrhalis in their throats but none carried the organism in their vaginas. none of 534 newborn babies became colonised at birth or during their 5 days' stay in hospital. neither were 102 neonates < 1 month of age in hospital colonised. the maximum colonisation rate during childhood was observed in children 1-48 months of age with 14 ...	1994	7963631
analysis in neisseria meningitidis and other neisseria species of genes homologous to the fkbp immunophilin family.	the immunophilin family of fk506-binding proteins (fkbps), involved in eukaryotic protein-folding and cell regulation, have recently been found to have prokaryotic homologues. genes with sequences homologous to those encoding human fkbps were examined in neisseria species. an fkbp dna sequence was present, as shown by the polymerase chain reaction and southern blotting experiments, in the chromosome of neisseria meningitidis (14 strains) and in all 11 different commensal neisseria spp. studied, ...	1993	7968509
the major heat-modifiable outer membrane protein cd is highly conserved among strains of branhamella catarrhalis.	the outer membrane of branhamella catarrhalis contains a major, heat-modifiable outer membrane protein called cd which has epitopes on the surface of the intact bacterium. the gene encoding cd was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the protein migrates in gels as a doublet, indicating that cd is encoded by single gene whose gene product has two stable conformations. the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding cd was determined and shows homology with the oprf outer membrane protein of ps ...	1993	7968522
antimicrobial susceptibility of nasopharyngeal isolates of potential pathogens recovered from infants before antibiotic therapy: implications for the management of otitis media.	antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for strains of streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis recovered from the nasopharynxes of children followed from birth. the bacteria tested were the first potential pathogens isolated from each child before any treatment with antibiotics. minimal inhibitory concentrations of commonly used oral antibiotics demonstrated the following overall rates of resistance for (1) s. pneumoniae: penicillin 1.2% (interme ...	1994	7970948
moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis-induced experimental otitis media in the chinchilla.	otitis media was introduced in chinchillas by direct transbullar inoculation with either viable or formalin-inactivated moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. both groups of animals developed middle ear fluids (mef) and severe inflammatory changes in the tubotympanum. pure cultures of m. catarrhalis were recovered for up to 5 days after inoculation from those animals inoculated with viable bacteria. significantly elevated anti-m. catarrhalis antibody titers were detected in post-inoculation sera a ...	1994	7976314
[bacteremial pneumonia caused by moraxella catarrhalis in a neutropenic patient].		1994	7981303
moraxella catarrhalis--an uncommon cause of community-acquired pneumonia in swedish children.	in 284 swedish children with community-acquired, roentgenologically verified pneumonia, antibodies to moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis were determined in paired serum samples with an enzyme immunoassay using a whole-cell antigen preparation from 10 strains of m. catarrhalis. only 9 children (3%) had significant increases in antibodies to m. catarrhalis. among these 9 children, 11-39 months of age, 6 had serologic evidence of concurrent infection with other respiratory pathogens such as s. pne ...	1994	7984970
[clinical microbiological study of sputum and aspirates from larynx or trachea. an evaluation of exact criteria for assessment by direct microscopy].	a prospective study of specimens of lower airway secretions was carried out in order to investigate the association of specimen quality and results of microbiological culture. the quality of expectorates (exp) or aspirates from larynx/trachea (alt) was assessed on the basis of numbers per low power field (< 1, 1-10, 11-25, and > 25) of squamous epithelial cells (sec) and leukocytes, respectively. specimens were classified as either acceptable, a (< or = 10 sec), partly acceptable, b (11-25 sec, ...	1994	7985258
[a clinicobacteriologic study on sultamicillin fine granules in pediatric sinusitis].	we carried out clinical and bacteriological studies on sultamicillin (sbtpc) in pediatric sinusitis at 10 general practice settings. the results are summarized as follows. 1. the major isolated organisms from purulent nasal discharges were streptococcus pneumoniae 27.5%, haemophilus influenzae 32.4% and moraxella catarrhalis 9.9%. similar results were observed for the major isolates from nasopharynx. 2. 33% of the isolated s. pneumoniae were penicillin-insensitive s. pneumoniae (pisp) against wh ...	1994	7990263
cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of sinusitis. a review.	cefuroxime axetil is a beta-lactamase-stable, second-generation, oral cephalosporin that penetrates sinus tissue in concentrations exceeding the mic90 values (the minimum concentration of drug needed to inhibit the growth of 90% of an isolate of a particular microorganism) for pathogens most commonly associated with acute sinusitis, including streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. a review of all clinical data published to date demonstrates that cefuroxime axetil has been evaluated ...	1994	7994439
experimental evidence for moraxella-induced penicillin neutralization in pneumococcal pneumonia.	resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial agents is an increasing problem in the treatment of infectious diseases. in mixed infections, an interesting development can arise when one organism protects another from being killed by an antibiotic. unfortunately, in the case of respiratory tract infections, experimental evidence of this development is poor. in this study, mice intranasally infected with a lethal number of pneumococci and treated with a curative dose of penicillin or amoxicillin d ...	1994	7996007
otitis media: microbiology and management.	otitis media (om) is a common childhood disease and one that can cause significant morbidity. a knowledge of the pathogens responsible for om can assist in the selection of the most appropriate treatment regimen and can minimize complications that may require surgery. the microbiology of acute, serous, and chronic om is reviewed. the major organisms recovered from about three quarters of acute om and half of serous om cultures are haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and moraxella c ...	1994	7996627
a numerical phenotypic taxonomic study of the genus neisseria.	a numerical phenotypic taxonomic study of 315 strains of neisseria and some allied bacteria examined for 155 phenotypic tests showed 31 groups, most of which were reasonably distinct. these fell into four major areas. areas a, b and c contained species of neisseria, whereas area d contained the organisms known as 'false neisserias' together with branhamella, moraxella and kingella species. area a contained n. gonorrhoeae (which showed two subgroups), n. meningitidis (with two subgroups, and n. c ...	1994	8000550
the interaction between human transferrin and transferrin binding protein 2 from moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis differs from that of other human pathogens.	the interaction between human transferrin and the transferrin binding proteins of moraxella catarrhalis was studied by binding and affinity isolation experiments with transferrin and its derivatives. competition binding experiments demonstrated that, compared to transferrin binding proteins in neisseria meningitidis, the receptors in m. catarrhalis were more effectively blocked by iron-saturated transferrin than by the apo form of the protein. a combination of direct binding experiments and affi ...	1993	8007816
use of serology to diagnose pneumonia caused by nonencapsulated haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis.	antibodies against nonencapsulated haemophilus influenzae and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis were measured by elisa in paired sera from 158 adult patients with pneumonia. a mixture of 10 clinical isolates of each species was used as antigen. eleven patients (7%) showed significant increases in antibody to h. influenzae. in 3 of them, the organism was isolated from transtracheal aspirate and in another 7 from sputum, nasopharynx, or both. six patients with nonencapsulated h. influenzae in tr ...	1994	8014504
immune response to moraxella catarrhalis in children with otitis media: opsonophagocytosis with antigen-coated latex beads.	opsonic antibody activity against moraxella catarrhalis was determined in sera from children with otitis media. the antibody was determined with a new assay utilizing outer membrane antigen-coated latex beads. antigen-coated beads opsonized in heat-inactivated pooled human serum phagocytosed 47.5 +/- 36.1 beads per 100 neutrophils compared to 15.6 +/- 10.2 beads per 100 neutrophils opsonized in hypogammaglobulinemic serum (p < .025). antigen-coated beads opsonized in homologous sera from 11 chil ...	1994	8024214
[comparative antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime against haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis].	the antimicrobial activity of cefpodoxime (podomexef, cas 80210-62-4) against 236 clinical isolates of h. influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus pneumoniae was investigated and compared with that of another 8 commonly used oral antibiotics. beta-lactamase negative, beta-lactamase positive and multiresistant strains of h. influenzae were inhibited by cefpodoxime at a concentration of 0.13 mg/l. 10% of moraxella catarrhalis isolates were moderately susceptible ...	1994	8024645
in vitro evaluation of cefdinir (fk482), a new oral cephalosporin with enhanced antistaphylococcal activity and beta-lactamase stability.	cefdinir (fk482), a new oral cephalosporin with enhanced beta-lactamase stability, was tested by microbroth dilution against respiratory, urogenital, and skin and skin-structure bacterial pathogens. included were beta-lactamase (beta lac)-producing and -nonproducing isolates. activity was compared with that of other orally administered beta-lactams. cefdinir minimum inhibitory concentrations for 90% of isolates mic90s (microgram/ml) were < or = 0.5 versus beta lac+/oxacillin-susceptible staphylo ...	1994	8026155
antimicrobial activity of a new antipseudomonal dual-action drug, ro 25-0534.	ro 25-0534, a tertiary amine-linked dual action combination (dac) of a catechol cephalosporin and ciprofloxacin, was compared with a previously described dac (ro 23-9424), ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime. a total of 688 recent clinical isolates were tested and an additional collection of 110 gram-negative bacilli possessing documented resistance to broad-spectrum antimicrobials were used. ro 25-0534 was active against all tested species of enterobacteriaceae (mic90 range, 0.06-2 micrograms/ml), oxa ...	1994	8026159
genotypic and phenotypic relatedness of 80 strains of branhamella catarrhalis of worldwide origin.	80 clinical branhamella catarrhalis strains of worldwide origin were examined for genotypic relatedness and phenotypic characteristics. using a quantitative bacterial dot method for dna-dna hybridization the strains were found to form a homogeneous group with delta tm-values ranging from 0.0-2.3 degrees c, in minibact-n, an identification kit for oxidase positive, gram-negative diplococci using eight phenotypic characteristics, all isolates were correctly identified and also demonstrated complet ...	1994	8039655
in-vitro evaluation of cefpodoxime.	in-vitro antimicrobial activity of cefpodoxime was evaluated against several microbial species by both conventional tests and additional parameters which take into consideration some of the conditions likely to be encountered in infected tissues. mics for 414 recent clinical isolates, including staphylococci, streptococci, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, several enterobacteriaceae, aeromonas hydrophila and campylobacter jejuni were determined. mic values overall were similar to th ...	1994	8040114
bactericidal activity of clarithromycin and cefaclor against streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis in healthy volunteers.		1994	8040139
in vitro antimicrobial activity of cp-99,219, a novel azabicyclo-naphthyridone.	cp-99,219 is a trifluoronaphthyridone with significant antibacterial activity that includes the family enterobacteriaceae (mics for 90% of the strains tested [mic90s], < or = 0.015 to 0.5 micrograms/ml), moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, and gonococci (mics, < or = 0.015 micrograms/ml). legionella spp. were also cp-99,219 susceptible, with mics of 0.008 to 0.12 micrograms/ml. cp-99,219 demonstrated activity greater than that of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, or enoxacin against pseudomon ...	1993	8043036
microbiology and management of otitis media.	otitis media is a complex and multifactorial condition with four defined stages: myringitis, acute otitis media, secretory (serous) otitis media and chronic otitis media. drugs utilized in its treatment are antihistamines, decongestants, mucolytic agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, corticosteroids, vaccine therapy and antibiotics. the rationale for using antibiotics is that inflammation has been associated with the presence of virulent bacteria in all types of otitis media. in acute ...	1994	8047854
bacterial resistance in eastern europe--selected problems.	the profile of infection and pattern of bacterial resistance in eastern europe is distinct from that observed in other parts of the world. several polish investigations have reported that environmental pollution may increase the risk of respiratory disease. studies from hungary and romania have documented a dramatic increase in the proportion of streptococcus pneumoniae strains resistant to antibiotics. in comparison, resistance to these agents amongst polish pneumococci isolates is lower, altho ...	1994	8047855
comparison of three rapid methods, tributyrine, 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate, and indoxyl acetate, for rapid identification of moraxella catarrhalis.	moraxella catarrhalis can easily be differentiated from other oxidase-positive, gram-negative cocci with tributyrine, 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate, or indoxyl acetate. all m. catarrhalis give positive reactions, and all neisseria spp. give negative reactions. the 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate tube test and indoxyl acetate strip test provide same-day identification of m. catarrhalis isolates.	1994	8051269
[has branhamella catarrhalis a pathogenic role in mucoviscidosis?].		1993	8060214
randomized comparative trial with ampicillin/sulbactam versus cefamandole in the therapy of community acquired pneumonia.	in a randomized prospective study ampicillin/sulbactam and cefamandole were compared in the therapy of patients hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia. patients receiving ampicillin/sulbactam (n = 37) and cefamandole (n = 38) were similar with respect to age (mean age 70 vs. 76 years respectively), clinical characteristics, severity of illness and underlying disease. pathogens isolated from patients in the cefamandole and ampicillin/sulbactam group, respectively, were streptococcus pneum ...	1994	8070432
in vitro evaluation of cefodizime, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone against respiratory pathogens.	the in vitro activity of cefodizime and two comparative cephalosporins, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone were studied against respiratory pathogens. mic90s of cefodizime were 0.06-0.512 microgram/ml for streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae. mic50s of cefodizime for klebsiella pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus isolates were 2 micrograms/ml and 8 micrograms/ml respectively. cefuroxime and ceftriaxone at a concentration of 2 micrograms/ml and 1 microgram/ml inhibi ...	1994	8071676
acute otorrhea: bacteriology of a common complication of tympanostomy tubes.	we prospectively followed 246 children with tympanostomy tubes and observed acute otorrhea through a functioning tube at least once in 50% of subjects. pathogens typical of acute otitis media (streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pyogenes) were found in 42% of all episodes; pseudomonas aeruginosa or staphylococcus aureus was found in 44% of all episodes. pathogens of acute otitis media were found in 50.0% of subjects under 6 years old versus 4 ...	1994	8085732
prevalence and resistance mechanisms of common bacterial respiratory pathogens.	organisms causing common infections of the respiratory tract are becoming increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents. in 1990-1991 between 15% and 20% of isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae from the united states had mics of penicillin g of > or = 0.1 microgram/ml and 2%-3% had mics of > or = 1.0 microgram/ml. the percentage of isolates that are resistant is even higher in other parts of the world. although most penicillin-resistant strains of s. pneumoniae are susceptible to broad-spectrum ...	1994	8086559
haemophilus ducreyi adheres to human keratinocytes.	haemophilus ducreyi, moraxella catarrhalis and a non-piliated escherichia coli k-12 strain were studied for their ability to bind to human keratinocytes in vitro. epidermal cells isolated from neonatal foreskins were grown to confluence in serum-free keratinocyte media. probing of the monolayers with anti-cytokeratin antibody showed that 97% of cells were keratinocytes. bacteria were grown to mid-log phase and seeded onto the monolayers. at various time-points monolayers were washed with pbs to ...	1994	8090082
bronchopulmonary infection with moraxella catarrhalis in infants requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.	moraxella (formerly branhamella) catarrhalis is now a well-recognized pathogen of the upper and lower respiratory tract. four pediatric cases of life-threatening pneumonia requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are presented. m. catarrhalis was isolated within 48 hours of admission in three of the cases and within 24 hours of an acute deterioration in the fourth. we conclude that m. catarrhalis is either a significant pathogen in its own right, a marker of severe disease, or a secondary i ...	1994	8090611
epidemiological typing of moraxella catarrhalis by using dna probes.	small-fragment restriction enzyme analysis and dna-dna hybridization were used to compare 60 strains of moraxella catarrhalis isolated from various geographic locations. restriction enzyme analysis with haeiii resulted in 46 different patterns, 7 of which were shared by more than one isolate. hybridizations with two dna probes resulted in 18 different patterns, 11 of which were shared by more than one isolate. strains with the same restriction enzyme pattern always had the same hybridization pat ...	1993	8096219
complement resistance in branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis.		1993	8098421
moraxella catarrhalis--an unusual pathogen in bacterial tracheitis.	we report a case of bacterial tracheitis caused by moraxella catarrhalis. we are unaware of any previous similar report from this country.	1993	8106231
in vitro antibacterial activities of pd 138312 and pd 140248, new fluoronaphthyridines with outstanding gram-positive potency.	pd 138312 and pd 140248 are new quinolones with high in vitro activities against a wide spectrum of bacterial species, notably including gram-positive isolates. the respective mics (in micrograms per milliliter) of pd 138312 and pd 140248 capable of inhibiting > or = 90% of the strains were < or = 0.06 and < or = 0.06 for oxacillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococci, streptococci (including streptococcus pyogenes, s. agalactiae, s. pneumoniae, and viridans group streptococci), haemophilus ...	1993	8109918
in vitro activity of du-6859a, a new fluorocyclopropyl quinolone.	du-6859a was tested against 844 recent clinical isolates (most from bacteremias) by using reference mic determination procedures. the activity of du-6859a against members of the family enterobacteriaceae was comparable to that of ciprofloxacin (range of mics for 90% of isolates [mic90], < or = 0.015 to 1 microgram/ml), and the highest mics were observed among serratia marcescens and providencia rettgeri isolates. the du-6859a mic90 for pseudomonas aeruginosa and xanthomonas maltophilia was 0.5 m ...	1993	8109948
prediction of bacterial susceptibility to cefpodoxime by using the ceftriaxone minimum inhibitory concentration result.	the cross-resistance or cross-susceptibility of cefpodoxime and ceftriaxone for 3700 strains of enterobacteriaceae, oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci, streptococcus spp., haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and neisseria gonorrhoeae was evaluated. with the exception of tests with enterobacter spp. and morganella morganii, the ceftriaxone minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) result interpretive criteria predicted bacterial susceptibility (or resistance) to cefpodoxime with an accep ...	1993	8112047
[in vitro antibacterial activities of broad spectrum quinolones against clinical bacterial isolates].	in vitro activities of broad-spectrum quinolones (sparfloxacin (spfx), ciprofloxacin (cpfx), lomefloxacin (lflx), fleroxacin (flrx), and levofloxacin (lvfx) were examined against clinical bacterial isolates: klebsiella pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis, methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (mssa), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, and streptococcus pneumoniae). antibacterial activit ...	1994	8114270
characterization of the lipopolysaccharide of moraxella catarrhalis. structural analysis of the lipid a from m. catarrhalis serotype a lipopolysaccharide.	the lipopolysaccharide of moraxella catarrhalis serotype a (atcc 25238) was found to consist of a short-chain oligosaccharide attached to a lipid a moiety. composition and nmr analyses showed the oligosaccharide component in o-deacylated lps to be composed of d-glucose, d-galactose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose and 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid in the molar ratio of 5:2:1:2. in addition, the lipid a region contained phosphate, d-glucosamine, 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid and deca ...	1994	8119289
adult bacterial nasopharyngitis: a clinical entity?	to investigate bacterial nasopharyngitis as a cause of adult upper respiratory infection.	1993	8120682
evaluation of api nh, a new 2-hour system for identification of neisseria and haemophilus species and moraxella catarrhalis in a routine clinical laboratory.	api nh is a new 2-h system (biomérieux, la balme-les-grottes, france) for the identification of most neisseria and haemophilus spp. of clinical significance and of moraxella catarrhalis and for the detection of penicillinase production. furthermore, this system allows the biotyping of haemophilus influenzae and haemophilus parainfluenzae. three hundred eighteen strains belonging to these species, previously identified by conventional methods, were tested. among the 305 strains belonging to speci ...	1994	8126177
[gram-negative coccus infection].	the main pathogens of gram-negative infections are neisseria gonorrhoeae, neisseria meningitidis and moraxella catarrhalis infection. n. gonorrhoeae infection is one of the std, but the chemotherapy for this infection is very easy because this pathogen is very susceptible to new quinolones. meningococcal infection is very rare in japan. since 1980, m. catarrhalis is one of the important pathogen of respiratory infections such as acute bronchitis, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis. this pathogen also ...	1994	8126887
in vitro activity of cefdinir (fk482) and ten other antibiotics against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria isolated from adult and pediatric patients.	the in vitro activity of cefdinir, an oral aminothiazolyl hydroxyimino cephalosporin was compared with that of cefixime, cefpodoxime, cefaclor, cephalexin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, oxacillin, ampicillin, vancomycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against 279 gram-positive and gram-negative recent clinical isolates from adult and pediatric patients. cefdinir was the most active drug among the cephalosporins against oxacillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, ...	1994	8131638
purification and characterization of a high-molecular-weight outer membrane protein of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis.	moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is an important bacterial cause of otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults. in this study, we describe the presence of a novel high-molecular-weight outer membrane protein (hmw-omp). this protein varies from 350 to 720 kda in apparent molecular mass among strains by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the protein was detected on sds-page in 13 of 14 strains tested. we developed a monoclonal an ...	1994	8132320
the pharmacokinetics, tissue penetration and in-vitro activity of loracarbef, a beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbacephem class.	the pharmacokinetics of loracarbef in plasma and a mild inflammatory exudate were studied in human volunteers. after a single oral dose of 400 mg, a mean maximum drug concentration (cmax) of 17.8 mg/l was achieved in the plasma at 1.2 h (mean tmax). the mean plasma elimination half-life (t1/2) was 1.3 h. in the inflammatory exudate the mean cmax was 8.9 mg/l at a mean tmax of 2.0 h and with a mean t1/2 of 1.7 h. the mean penetration into the inflammatory exudate was 90.1%. the in-vitro activity ...	1993	8144425
rapid dendritic cell recruitment is a hallmark of the acute inflammatory response at mucosal surfaces.	immunohistochemical analysis of challenge sites such as skin and the peritoneal cavity has identified neutrophils as virtually the sole cellular participants in acute bacterial inflammation, peak influx occurring 24-48 h in advance of mononuclear cell populations associated with adaptive immunity. this study challenges the general applicability of this paradigm. we demonstrate here that the earliest detectable cellular response after inhalation of moraxella catarrhalis organisms is the recruitme ...	1994	8145044
genetic diversity of the iron-binding protein (fbp) gene of the pathogenic and commensal neisseria.	the pathogenic neisseria and most commensal neisseria species produce an iron-binding protein (fbp) when grown under iron-limited conditions. in the current study, we confirmed the presence of fbp, as well as dna sequences homologous to the gonococcal fbp, in strains of n. gonorrhoeae, n. meningitidis, n. cinerea, n. lactamica, n. subflava, n. kochii and n. polysaccharea. the fbp genes from these strains were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, digested with stui or rsai, and the restric ...	1994	8150256
cefepime: overview of activity in vitro and in vivo.	cefepime is a novel methoxyimino-aminothiazolyl cephalosporin with a quaternized n-methyl-pyrrolidine moiety at the 3' position conferring zwitterionic properties. because of this the molecule penetrates the outer cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria rapidly. in addition it is resistant to degradation by several plasmid and chromosomally-mediated beta-lactamases, for which it also shows very low affinity and no inducing capacity. it has good affinity for pbps 2 and 3 of escherichia coli and f ...	1993	8150771
effect of inoculum size on the in-vitro susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics of moraxella catarrhalis isolates of different beta-lactamase types.	the effect of inoculum size on the results of agar dilution mic tests was assessed for 20 moraxella catarrhalis isolates with bro-1 enzyme, 20 with bro-2 enzyme and 15 isolates that did not produce beta-lactamase. the compounds tested were ampicillin, coamoxiclav, cefaclor, cefixime and cefetamet, and the inocula were 10(4), 10(5), 10(6) and 10(7) cfu/spot. the mics of ampicillin for bro-1 and bro-2 producers were consistently higher than those for non-producers at inocula of 10(7) cfu/spot but ...	1994	8151675
[branhamella catarrhalis pneumonia].		1994	8152104
moraxella catarrhalis respiratory infection in adults.	moraxella catarrhalis (mc) is an upper respiratory tract commensal which may also be pathogenic. in this report we examined the clinical features, microbiology and therapeutic response in 30 consecutive adult patients with pneumonia who had mc isolated in the sputum. the mean age was 66 years with an equal sex ratio. most patients gave a history of cigarette smoking (77%) and had underlying pulmonary diseases (73%). dyspnea and productive cough were the most common complaints (87%). fever was a ...	1993	8153687
moraxella catarrhalis bacteremia and preseptal cellulitis.	invasive disease due to moraxella catarrhalis is rare and has been associated mostly with immune deficiency conditions. we describe the first case of m catarrhalis bacteremia and preseptal cellulitis in an immunocompetent infant. this organism may be evolving from one with low pathogenicity to one with increased pathogenicity.	1994	8153789
a prospective cohort study on breast-feeding and otitis media in swedish infants.	this study analyzed the effect of breast-feeding on the frequency of acute otitis media. the protocol was designed to examine each child at 2, 6 and 10 months of age. at each visit nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained, the feeding pattern was recorded and the acute otitis media (aom) episodes were documented. the analysis was based on 400 children from whom complete information was obtained. they represented 83% of the newborns in the study areas. by 1 year of age 85 (21%) children had experien ...	1994	8177624
susceptibility of moraxella catarrhalis isolates to beta-lactam antibiotics in relation to beta-lactamase pattern.	moraxella catarrhalis isolates (n = 413) were collected from 20 clinical laboratories in england and scotland in 1991 and were examined for beta-lactamase production by isoelectric focusing. beta-lactamases were found in 375 isolates of which, 349 (93.1%) had bro-1 enzyme and 26 (6.9%) had bro-2. minor variation in electrofocusing pattern occurred within both enzyme types. ampicillin mics for bro-1 producers were 25-fold higher than for non-producers, but those for bro-2 producers were raised on ...	1994	8182002
penetration of clarithromycin and its 14-hydroxy metabolite into middle ear effusion in children with secretory otitis media.	clarithromycin suspension was given at a dosage of 7.5 mg/kg bd for 7 days to 31 children with secretory otitis media, scheduled for insertion of grommets. the fifth dose was given approximately 2.5 h before myringotomy and aspiration of the middle ear effusion at which time a blood sample also was taken. in addition, in 16 children blood samples were taken at 1, 1.5 and 4 h after the fifth dose. the concentrations of clarithromycin and its active 14-hydroxylated metabolite, in middle ear effusi ...	1994	8182011
killing kinetics of five fluoroquinolones against moraxella catarrhalis at clinically achievable concentrations.		1994	8182028
antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates in south sweden including a 13-year follow-up study of some respiratory tract pathogens.	the antibiotic susceptibility of consecutive isolates of the upper respiratory tract pathogens streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, and staphylococcus aureus, (100 strains of each species collected each year during march through april 1985, 1988 and 1992) to penicillin v, amoxycillin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, doxycycline, erythromycin, and cotrimoxazole was investigated by mic determination on pdm and pdm ii agar. the mics of the upper r ...	1994	8185890
comparison of cefuroxime axetil and amoxicillin-clavulanate suspensions in treatment of acute otitis media with effusion in children.	two hundred sixty-three pediatric patients from the ages of 3 months to 11 years were enrolled in a randomized, investigator-blinded, multicenter study comparing the clinical and bacteriological efficacies and safety of cefuroxime axetil suspension (cae) with those of amoxicillin-clavulanate suspension (amx-cl) in the treatment of acute otitis media with effusion. patients received cae at 30 mg/kg of body weight per day (n = 165) in two divided doses or amx-cl at 40 mg/kg/day (n = 98) in three d ...	1994	8192458
critical review of microbiological data and methods in diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections.	a review is presented of the microbiological data, and the methods for obtaining these data, which are relevant for the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection. the necessity for adequate information exchange between the microbiology laboratory and the clinic is stressed. once the specimen (usually sputum) has reached the laboratory, it is screened macroscopically and microscopically for adequacy, and cultures are set up. many patients with acute community-acquired pneumonia (cap) have no ...	1994	8193620
epidemiology of moraxella catarrhalis in children during the first 2 years of life: relationship to otitis media.	nasopharyngeal colonization with moraxella catarrhalis was evaluated in a large cohort of infants followed prospectively from birth to 2 years of age; 120 children were examined at 13 routine visits. of these, 66% became colonized with m. catarrhalis by 1 year and 77.5% by 2 years. nasopharyngeal colonization with m. catarrhalis increased from 27.0% during healthy visits to 62.7% during visits due to otitis media (p < .001). otitis-prone children were colonized at 44.4% of all visits compared wi ...	1994	8195609
reassessment of the rationale for the combinations of sulphonamides with diaminopyrimidines.	trimethoprim is the best known inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase. initially, this was always combined with sulphamethoxazole. it was later combined with other sulphonamides (eg. sulphamoxole, sulphadiazine or sulfametopyrazine), but the sulphonamide moiety as a contributor to clinical efficacy was increasingly questioned. thus, in 1979 (in uk) trimethoprim alone was introduced. justification for the combination was based on: (a) synergy occurs in vitro (b) bactericidal activity, whi ...	1993	8195839
[antimicrobial activities of cefuroxime against recent clinical isolates].	antimicrobial activity of cefuroxime axetil (cxm-ax) was compared with those of other cephem antibiotics against clinically isolated strains obtained mainly from outpatients of our center in a period from january to september of 1990 and 1993. minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined and the following results were obtained. 1. the results suggested that, compared with reports of studies conducted with clinical isolates in early 1980's, mic80 of cxm were equal to or lower against staphyl ...	1994	8201767
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of fk037, a new parenteral cephalosporin.	in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of fk037, a new parenteral cephalosporin, were compared with those of cefpirome, ceftazidime and flomoxef. the advantages of in vitro activity of fk037 were as follows: (1) a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, (2) the most potent activity (mic90: 25 micrograms/ml) of the cephalosporins tested against highly methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (h-mrsa), (3) a strong activity against enterobacter spp. and citrobacter freundii resistant to t ...	1994	8205935
review of in vitro activity, pharmacokinetic characteristics, safety, and clinical efficacy of cefprozil, a new oral cephalosporin.	to review the pharmacokinetics, microbiology, clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerance of cefprozil, a new, broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin.	1993	8219444
efficacy and safety of clarithromycin compared to cefixime as outpatient treatment of lower respiratory tract infections.	clarithromycin is a new acid-stable, 14-membered macrolide active against many of the organisms responsible for lower respiratory tract infections. it has been administered to over 5,000 patients worldwide and has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and bacterial pneumonia when given twice daily (250 to 500 mg). cefixime is an amino-thiazolyl cephalosporin with an extended spectrum of antibacterial activity inhibiting beta-lacta ...	1993	8222794
efficacy and tolerance of erythromycin acistrate in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in the elderly.	this randomized, investigator-blind, parallel-group trial compared erythromycin acistrate (ea) and erythromycin base (eb) in the treatment of elderly patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. in total, 57 hospitalized patients were included, of whom 28 received ea 400 mg three times daily, and 29 eb 500 mg three times daily for 10-21 days. the mean age of the patients was 70 and 68 years in the ea and eb groups, respectively. the patients underwent medical examination before the o ...	1993	8222874
cefdinir: in vitro activity study and effect of human serum.	the in-vitro activity of cefdinir (cl-983, fk482), an orally absorbed aminothiazole cephalosporin, was compared with that of penicillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (2/1), cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, cefotaxime, vancomycin and erythromycin against 370 clinical isolates of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. cefdinir was highly active against staphylococcus aureus and s. epidermidis, inhibiting 90% of the strains at doses of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/l respectively. howev ...	1993	8223142
the activity of piperacillin/tazobactam against clinical isolates collected in 20 uk centres and the design of a disc test for susceptibility testing.	the in-vitro activities of piperacillin plus tazobactam at ratios of 4:1, 8:1 and 16:1 were determined against 952 non-copy clinical aerobic bacterial isolates collected from 20 uk centres. tazobactam enhanced the activity of piperacillin against enterobacteriaceae, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. no enhancement was noted for pseudomonas aeruginosa, other pseudomonas spp., streptococci and enterococci. for 95.6% of strains mics were either the same or onl ...	1993	8226417
recurrent urinary tract infection with haematuria caused by moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis.		1993	8228313
a mutation affecting expression of a major outer membrane protein of moraxella catarrhalis alters serum resistance and survival in vivo.	a major outer membrane protein (copb) of moraxella catarrhalis is a target for antibodies that enhance clearance of this organism from the lungs of mice. a mini-tn10kan transposon was inserted into the cloned copb gene from m. catarrhalis o35e, and an isogenic mutant unable to express the copb protein was constructed by transforming this mutated gene into the wild-type strain. the mutant grew at the same rate as the wild-type parent strain in broth. unlike the serum-resistant parent strain, this ...	1993	8228353
in vitro activities of bay y3118, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and fleroxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens from respiratory tract and soft tissue infections.	bay y3118 was highly active against moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, legionella pneumophila, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus (except quinolone-resistant, methicillin-resistant s. aureus), staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, and streptococcus pneumoniae (mic for 90% of strains tested [mic90], 0.063 micrograms/ml). for enterococcus faecalis and corynebacterium jeikeium, mic90s were 4 and 2 micrograms/ml, respect ...	1993	8239624
in vitro activity of cefpodoxime compared with other oral cephalosporins tested against 5556 recent clinical isolates from five medical centers.	a multicenter study was conducted in which the in vitro activity of cefpodoxime (the active metabolite of the prodrug ester cefpodoxime proxetil) was compared with those of cefixime, cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefadroxil, and clarithromycin against 5556 recent clinical isolates. cefpodoxime demonstrated potent activity against members of the enterobacteriaceae, in particular against species generally resistant to the established oral cephalosporins such as proteus vulgaris [minimum inhibitory concent ...	1993	8243035
the north american component (the united states and canada) of an international comparative mic trial monitoring ofloxacin resistance.	common lots of reference mic (minimum inhibitory concentration) method reagents were used to monitor ofloxacin, a newer fluoroquinolone, and 13 other drugs against 3200 recent clinical isolates in february-april 1992. five medical centers in the united states and canada contributed 640 strains per facility as follows: escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, klebsiella spp., and pseudomonas aeruginosa (100 strains each); streptococcus pneumoniae (40 strains); an ...	1993	8243037
[clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of moraxella catarrhalis infections].	moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative diplococcus of the neisseriaceae family now recognized as a cause of acute otitis media in pediatric patients and of lower respiratory tract infections in debilitated adults. the finding that 80% to 90% of strains produce beta-lactamases together with reports of cases of bacteremia and arthritis due to m. catarrhalis suggest an increasing pathogenic role for this organism. antibiotic susceptibility testing suggests that the greatest bactericidal effect is ...	1993	8247636
prevalence of bacterial respiratory pathogens in the nasopharynx in breast-fed versus formula-fed infants.	in several studies, breast-feeding has been associated with decreased frequency or duration of otitis media episodes. if a causal relationship exists, the mechanism of protection of breast-feeding has not been established. we hypothesized that infants who are breast-fed, compared with infants who are formula-fed, have a lower prevalence of nasopharyngeal colonization with the bacterial respiratory pathogens (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus p ...	1993	8253964
[antimicrobial activity of cefodizime against fresh clinical isolates].	in order evaluate antimicrobial activities of cefodizime (cdzm), minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic's) of cdzm and other control drugs were determined against various clinical isolates, that were sent to our center from nation-wide medical institutions or were isolated and identified in our laboratory from various specimens of infected patients. the followings are a summary of the results: 1. bacterial species with no or few strains resistant to cephems including cdzm included streptococcus ...	1993	8254888
erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin: use of frequency distribution curves, scattergrams, and regression analyses to compare in vitro activities and describe cross-resistance.	mics of erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin for 852 recent clinical isolates were determined by broth microdilution methods. frequency distribution curves, scattergrams, and regression analyses were used to compare in vitro activities and describe cross-resistance. clarithromycin was the most active drug against bacteroides spp. but the least active against haemophilus influenzae. azithromycin was most active against h. influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, pasteurella multocida, and fus ...	1993	8257127