Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| antagonistic, overlapping and distinct responses to biotic stress in rice (oryza sativa) and interactions with abiotic stress. | every year, substantial crop loss occurs globally, as a result of bacterial, fungal, parasite and viral infections in rice. here, we present an in-depth investigation of the transcriptomic response to infection with the destructive bacterial pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae(xoo) in both resistant and susceptible varieties of oryza sativa. a comparative analysis to fungal, parasite and viral infection in rice is also presented. | 2013 | 23398910 |
| phylogenomics and molecular signatures for species from the plant pathogen-containing order xanthomonadales. | the species from the order xanthomonadales, which harbors many important plant pathogens and some human pathogens, are currently distinguished primarily on the basis of their branching in the 16s rrna tree. no molecular or biochemical characteristic is known that is specific for these bacteria. phylogenetic and comparative analyses were conducted on 26 sequenced xanthomonadales genomes to delineate their branching order and to identify molecular signatures consisting of conserved signature indel ... | 2013 | 23408961 |
| comparative genomics of 12 strains of erwinia amylovora identifies a pan-genome with a large conserved core. | the plant pathogen erwinia amylovora can be divided into two host-specific groupings; strains infecting a broad range of hosts within the rosaceae subfamily spiraeoideae (e.g., malus, pyrus, crataegus, sorbus) and strains infecting rubus (raspberries and blackberries). comparative genomic analysis of 12 strains representing distinct populations (e.g., geographic, temporal, host origin) of e. amylovora was used to describe the pan-genome of this major pathogen. the pan-genome contains 5751 coding ... | 2013 | 23409014 |
| metabolic changes of phomopsis longicolla fermentation and its effect on antimicrobial activity against xanthomonas oryzae. | bacterial blight, an important and potentially destructive bacterial disease in rice caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), has recently developed resistance to the available antibiotics. in this study, mass spectrometry (ms)-based metabolite profiling and multivariate analysis were employed to investigate the correlation between time-dependent metabolite changes and antimicrobial activities against xoo over the course of phomopsis longicolla s1b4 fermentation. metabolites were clearly d ... | 2013 | 23412059 |
| the pseudomonas syringae effector hopq1 promotes bacterial virulence and interacts with tomato 14-3-3 proteins in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. | a key virulence strategy of bacterial pathogens is the delivery of multiple pathogen effector proteins into host cells during infection. the hrp outer protein q (hopq1) effector from pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (pto) strain dc3000 is conserved across multiple bacterial plant pathogens. here, we investigated the virulence function and host targets of hopq1 in tomato (solanum lycopersicum). transgenic tomato lines expressing dexamethasone-inducible hopq1 exhibited enhanced disease susceptibilit ... | 2013 | 23417089 |
| plant-bacterium interactions analyzed by proteomics. | the evolution of the plant immune response has resulted in a highly effective defense system that is able to resist potential attack by microbial pathogens. the primary immune response is referred to as pathogen associated molecular pattern (pamp) triggered immunity and has evolved to recognize common features of microbial pathogens. in response to the delivery of pathogen effector proteins, plants acquired r proteins to fight against pathogen attack. r-dependent defense response is important in ... | 2013 | 23424014 |
| designer tal effectors induce disease susceptibility and resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice. | tal (transcription activator-like) effectors from xanthomonas bacteria activate the cognate host genes, leading to disease susceptibility or resistance dependent on the genetic context of host target genes. the modular nature and dna recognition code of tal effectors enable custom-engineering of designer tal effectors (dtale) for gene activation. however, the feasibility of dtales as transcription activators for gene functional analysis has not been demonstrated. here, we report the use of dtale ... | 2013 | 23430045 |
| rice mtn3/saliva/sweet family genes and their homologs in cellular organisms. | the mtn3/saliva/sweet-type genes, existing either alone or in a family group, are found in diverse organisms, from monocellular protozoa to higher eukaryotes, indicating their importance in cellular organisms. these genes encode polytopic membrane proteins that feature an mtn3/saliva domain, also known as a pq loop repeat. the rice mtn3/saliva/sweet gene family consists of 21 members and is among the largest families in sequenced organisms. accumulating data suggest that these genes are involved ... | 2013 | 23430047 |
| the burkholderia contaminans ms14 ocfc gene encodes a xylosyltransferase for production of the antifungal occidiofungin. | burkholderia contaminans strain ms14 produces the antifungal compound occidiofungin, which is responsible for significant antifungal activities against a broad range of plant and animal fungal pathogens. occidiofungin is a cyclic glycolipopeptide made up of eight amino acids and one xylose. a 56-kb ocf gene cluster was determined to be essential for occidiofungin production. in this study, the ocfc gene, which is located downstream of ocfd and upstream of the ocfb gene in the ocf gene cluster, w ... | 2013 | 23435879 |
| requirement of the lipopolysaccharide o-chain biosynthesis gene wxocb for type iii secretion and virulence of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola causes bacterial leaf streak of rice. a mutant disrupted in wxocb, predicted to encode an enzyme for lipopolysaccharide (lps) synthesis, was previously shown to suffer reduced virulence. here, we confirm a role for wxocb in virulence and demonstrate its requirement for lps o-chain assembly. structure analysis indicated that wild-type lps contains a polyrhamnose o chain with irregular, variant residues and a core oligosaccharide identical to that of other xanthomo ... | 2013 | 23435979 |
| identification and characterization of integron-mediated antibiotic resistance in the phytopathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | four streptomycin-resistant isolates of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (yna7-1, yna10-2, yna11-2, and yna12-2) were examined via pcr amplification for the presence of class 1, class 2, and class 3 integrons and aada1 and aada2 genes, which confer resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin. the class 1 integrase gene inti1 and the aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase gene aada1 were identified in all four resistant isolates but not in 25 sensitive isolates. pcr amplifications showed that 7790-bp, ... | 2013 | 23437082 |
| a genomic survey of reb homologs suggests widespread occurrence of r-bodies in proteobacteria. | bacteria and eukaryotes are involved in many types of interaction in nature, with important ecological consequences. however, the diversity, occurrence, and mechanisms of these interactions often are not fully known. the obligate bacterial endosymbionts of paramecium provide their hosts with the ability to kill sensitive paramecium strains through the production of r-bodies, highly insoluble coiled protein ribbons. r-bodies have been observed in a number of free-living bacteria, where their func ... | 2013 | 23450193 |
| arabidopsis and brachypodium distachyon transgenic plants expressing aspergillus nidulans acetylesterases have decreased degree of polysaccharide acetylation and increased resistance to pathogens. | the plant cell wall has many significant structural and physiological roles, but the contributions of the various components to these roles remain unclear. modification of cell wall properties can affect key agronomic traits such as disease resistance and plant growth. the plant cell wall is composed of diverse polysaccharides often decorated with methyl, acetyl, and feruloyl groups linked to the sugar subunits. in this study, we examined the effect of perturbing cell wall acetylation by making ... | 2013 | 23463782 |
| rice versus xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae: a unique pathosystem. | bacterial blight, caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), is a devastating disease of rice worldwide. the qualitative or pathogen race-specific resistance to this pathogen conferred by major disease resistance (mr) genes has been widely used in rice improvement. accumulating genetic and molecular data have revealed that the molecular mechanisms of rice qualitative resistance to xoo are largely different from those of qualitative resistance in other plant-pathogen pathosystems. in this rev ... | 2013 | 23466254 |
| biological nitrogen fixation in non-legume plants. | nitrogen is an essential nutrient in plant growth. the ability of a plant to supply all or part of its requirements from biological nitrogen fixation (bnf) thanks to interactions with endosymbiotic, associative and endophytic symbionts, confers a great competitive advantage over non-nitrogen-fixing plants. | 2013 | 23478942 |
| reduced carbohydrate availability enhances the susceptibility of arabidopsis toward colletotrichum higginsianum. | colletotrichum higginsianum is a hemibiotrophic ascomycete fungus that is adapted to arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). after breaching the host surface, the fungus establishes an initial biotrophic phase in the penetrated epidermis cell, before necrotrophic growth is initiated upon further host colonization. we observed that partitioning of major leaf carbohydrates was shifted in favor of sucrose and at the expense of starch during necrotrophic fungal growth. arabidopsis mutants with impaired ... | 2013 | 23487433 |
| crisprtarget: bioinformatic prediction and analysis of crrna targets. | the bacterial and archaeal crispr/cas adaptive immune system targets specific protospacer nucleotide sequences in invading organisms. this requires base pairing between processed crispr rna and the target protospacer. for type i and ii crispr/cas systems, protospacer adjacent motifs (pam) are essential for target recognition, and for type iii, mismatches in the flanking sequences are important in the antiviral response. in this study, we examine the properties of each class of crispr. we use thi ... | 2013 | 23492433 |
| comparative analysis of protein-protein interactions in the defense response of rice and wheat. | despite the importance of wheat as a major staple crop and the negative impact of diseases on its production worldwide, the genetic mechanisms and gene interactions involved in the resistance response in wheat are still poorly understood. the complete sequence of the rice genome has provided an extremely useful parallel road map for genetic and genomics studies in wheat. the recent construction of a defense response interactome in rice has the potential to further enhance the translation of adva ... | 2013 | 23496930 |
| a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase targeted by a plant pathogen effector is directly phosphorylated by the chitin receptor and mediates rice immunity. | cerk1 is a lysine motif-containing plant pattern recognition receptor for chitin and peptidoglycan. chitin recognition by oscerk1 triggers rapid engagement of a rice map kinase cascade, which leads to defense response activation. how the map kinase cascades are engaged downstream of oscerk1 remains obscure. searching for host proteins that interact with xoo1488, an effector of the rice pathogen xanthomonas oryzae, we identified the rice receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, osrlck185. silencing osrl ... | 2013 | 23498959 |
| conservation and variability in the structure and function of the cas5d endoribonuclease in the crispr-mediated microbial immune system. | clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crisprs) and crispr-associated (cas) proteins form an rna-mediated microbial immune system against invading foreign genetic elements. cas5 proteins constitute one of the most prevalent cas protein families in crispr-cas systems and are predicted to have rna recognition motif (rrm) domains. cas5d is a subtype i-c-specific cas5 protein that can be divided into two distinct subgroups, one of which has extra c-terminal residues while the oth ... | 2013 | 23500492 |
| trehalose biosynthesis promotes pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity in plants. | pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pa14 is a multi-host pathogen that infects plants, nematodes, insects, and vertebrates. many pa14 factors are required for virulence in more than one of these hosts. noting that plants have a fundamentally different cellular architecture from animals, we sought to identify pa14 factors that are specifically required for plant pathogenesis. we show that synthesis by pa14 of the disaccharide trehalose is required for pathogenesis in arabidopsis, but not in nematodes, ... | 2013 | 23505373 |
| secretome analysis of the rice bacterium xanthomonas oryzae (xoo) using in vitro and in planta systems. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial blight disease in rice, and that severely affects yield loss (upto 50%) of total rice production. here, we report a proteomics investigation of xoo (compatible race k3)-secreted proteins, isolated from its in vitro culture and in planta infected rice leaves. 2de coupled with maldi-tof-ms and/or nlc-esi-ms/ms approaches identified 139 protein spots (out of 153 differential spots), encoding 109 unique proteins. identified proteins belonged to mu ... | 2013 | 23512849 |
| computational small rna prediction in bacteria. | bacterial, small rnas were once regarded as potent regulators of gene expression and are now being considered as essential for their diversified roles. many small rnas are now reported to have a wide array of regulatory functions, ranging from environmental sensing to pathogenesis. traditionally, noncoding transcripts were rarely detected by means of genetic screens. however, the availability of approximately 2200 prokaryotic genome sequences in public databases facilitates the efficient computa ... | 2013 | 23516022 |
| global analysis of ankyrin repeat domain c3hc4-type ring finger gene family in plants. | ankyrin repeat (ank) c3hc4-type ring finger (rf) genes comprise a large family in plants and play important roles in various physiological processes of plant life. in this study, we identified 187 ank c3hc4-type rf proteins from 29 species with complete genomes and named the ank c3hc4-type rf proteins the xb3-like proteins because they are structurally related to the rice (oryza sativa) xb3. a phylogenetic relationship analysis suggested that the xb3-like genes originated from ferns, and the enc ... | 2013 | 23516424 |
| jasmonic acid and salicylic acid activate a common defense system in rice. | jasmonic acid (ja) and salicylic acid (sa) play important roles in plant defense systems. ja and sa signaling pathways interact antagonistically in dicotyledonous plants, but, the status of crosstalk between ja and sa signaling is unknown in monocots. our rice microarray analysis showed that more than half of the genes upregulated by the sa analog bth are also upregulated by ja, suggesting that a major portion of the sa-upregulated genes are regulated by ja-dependent signaling in rice. a common ... | 2013 | 23518581 |
| the hd-gyp domain protein rpfg of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola regulates synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides that contribute to biofilm formation and virulence on rice. | bacterial leaf streak caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (xoc) is one of the most important diseases in rice. however, little is known about the pathogenicity mechanisms of xoc. here we have investigated the function of three hd-gyp domain regulatory proteins in biofilm formation, the synthesis of virulence factors and virulence of xoc. deletion of rpfg resulted in altered production of extracellular polysaccharides (eps), abolished virulence on rice and enhanced biofilm formation, but h ... | 2013 | 23544067 |
| seqentropy: genome-wide assessment of repeats for short read sequencing. | recent studies on genome assembly from short-read sequencing data reported the limitation of this technology to reconstruct the entire genome even at very high depth coverage. we investigated the limitation from the perspective of information theory to evaluate the effect of repeats on short-read genome assembly using idealized (error-free) reads at different lengths. | 2013 | 23544073 |
| transcriptional profiling of rice early response to magnaporthe oryzae identified oswrkys as important regulators in rice blast resistance. | rice blast disease is a major threat to rice production worldwide, but the mechanisms underlying rice resistance to the causal agent magnaporthe oryzae remain elusive. therefore, we carried out a transcriptome study on rice early defense response to m. oryzae. we found that the transcriptional profiles of rice compatible and incompatible interactions with m. oryzae were mostly similar, with genes regulated more prominently in the incompatible interactions. the functional analysis showed that the ... | 2013 | 23544090 |
| plant nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (nbs-lrr) genes: active guardians in host defense responses. | the most represented group of resistance genes are those of the nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (nbs-lrr) class. these genes are very numerous in the plant genome, and they often occur in clusters at specific loci following gene duplication and amplification events. to date, hundreds of resistance genes and relatively few quantitative trait loci for plant resistance to pathogens have been mapped in different species, with some also cloned. when these nbs-lrr genes have been physically ... | 2013 | 23549266 |
| functional analysis and expressional characterization of rice ankyrin repeat-containing protein, ospiank1, in basal defense against magnaporthe oryzae attack. | the ankyrin repeat-containing protein gene ospiank1 (ak068021) in rice (oryza sativa l.) was previously shown to be upregulated following infection with the rice leaf blight pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (xoo). in this study, we further characterized the role of ospiank1 in basal defense against magnaporthe oryzae (m.oryzae) by 5' deletion analysis of its promoter and overexpression of the gene. the promoter of ospiank1 with 1,985 bps in length was sufficient to induce the ospiank1 respo ... | 2013 | 23555750 |
| suppression of rice immunity by xanthomonas oryzae type iii effector xoo2875. | xanthomonas oryzae delivers effector proteins into host cells through a type iii secretion system to inhibit host immune responses, but how these effectors suppress host immunity is largely unknown. here we found that xoo2875, one of the effectors of x. oryzae, strongly inhibited host resistance to x. oryzae. transgenic rice plants expressing xoo2875 exhibited semi-dwarfism and a reduction in brassinolide-dependent laminar inclination, characteristics of brassinosteroid (br)-insensitive mutants ... | 2013 | 23563550 |
| differential requirement of oryza sativa rar1 in immune receptor-mediated resistance of rice to magnaporthe oryzae. | the required for mla12 resistance (rar1) protein is essential for the plant immune response. in rice, a model monocot species, the function of oryza sativa rar1 (osrar1) has been little explored. in our current study, we characterized the response of a rice osrar1 t-dna insertion mutant to infection by magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast disease. osrar1 mutants displayed reduced resistance compared with wild type rice when inoculated with the normally virulent m. oryzae isolate po ... | 2013 | 23563801 |
| plant bzip transcription factors responsive to pathogens: a review. | transcription factors of the basic leucine zipper (bzip) family control important processes in all eukaryotes. in plants, bzips are master regulators of many central developmental and physiological processes, including morphogenesis, seed formation, abiotic and biotic stress responses. modulation of the expression patterns of bzip genes and changes in their activity often contribute to the activation of various signaling pathways and regulatory networks of different physiological processes. howe ... | 2013 | 23574941 |
| arabidopsis phospholipase dβ1 modulates defense responses to bacterial and fungal pathogens. | pathogen infection of higher plants often induces rapid production of phosphatidic acid (pa) and changes in lipid profiles, but the enzymatic basis and the function of the lipid change in pathogen-plant interactions are not well understood. infection of phospholipase d β1 (pldβ1)-deficient plants by pseudomonas syringae tomato pv dc3000 (pst dc30000) resulted in less bacterial growth than in wild-type plants, and the effect was more profound in virulent pst dc3000 than avirulent pst dc3000 (carr ... | 2013 | 23577648 |
| candidatus liberibacter americanus induces significant reprogramming of the transcriptome of the susceptible citrus genotype. | citrus huanglongbing (hlb) disease is caused by endogenous, phloem-restricted, gram negative, uncultured bacteria named candidatus liberibacter africanus (calaf), ca. l. asiaticus (calas), and ca. l. americanus (calam), depending on the continent where the bacteria were first detected. the asian citrus psyllid vector, diaphorina citri, transmits calas and calam and both liberibacter species are present in brazil. several studies of the transcriptional response of citrus plants manifesting hlb sy ... | 2013 | 23586643 |
| comparative proteomics reveal new hrpx-regulated proteins of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | pathogenicity of the rice pathogenic bacterium xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae depends on a hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) type iii secretion system; the expression of which is induced in planta. expression of the hrp operons is under transcriptional control of two key regulatory proteins, hrpg and hrpx. to identify new proteins that are co-regulated with the type iii secretion system, we employed comparative proteomics. cells of x. oryzae pv. oryzae ectopically expressing hrpx we ... | 2014 | 23603630 |
| high-resolution transcriptional analysis of the regulatory influence of cell-to-cell signalling reveals novel genes that contribute to xanthomonas phytopathogenesis. | the bacterium xanthomonas campestris is an economically important pathogen of many crop species and a model for the study of bacterial phytopathogenesis. in x. campestris, a regulatory system mediated by the signal molecule dsf controls virulence to plants. the synthesis and recognition of the dsf signal depends upon different rpf proteins. dsf signal generation requires rpff whereas signal perception and transduction depends upon a system comprising the sensor rpfc and regulator rpfg. here we h ... | 2013 | 23617851 |
| genome-wide identification and functional analyses of calmodulin genes in solanaceous species. | calmodulin (cam) is a major calcium sensor in all eukaryotes. it binds calcium and modulates the activity of a wide range of downstream proteins in response to calcium signals. however, little is known about the cam gene family in solanaceous species, including the economically important species, tomato (solanum lycopersicum), and the gene silencing model plant, nicotiana benthamiana. moreover, the potential function of cam in plant disease resistance remains largely unclear. | 2013 | 23621884 |
| e-2-hexenal promotes susceptibility to pseudomonas syringae by activating jasmonic acid pathways in arabidopsis. | green leaf volatiles (glvs) are c6-molecules - alcohols, aldehydes, and esters - produced by plants upon herbivory or during pathogen infection. exposure to this blend of volatiles induces defense-related responses in neighboring undamaged plants, thus assigning a role to glvs in regulating plant defenses. here we compared arabidopsis thaliana ecotype landsberg erecta (ler) with a hydroperoxide lyase line, hpl1, unable to synthesize glvs, for susceptibility to pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (dc ... | 2013 | 23630530 |
| metabolomics of cereals under biotic stress: current knowledge and techniques. | prone to attacks by pathogens and pests, plants employ intricate chemical defense mechanisms consisting of metabolic adaptations. however, many plant attackers are manipulating the host metabolism to counteract defense responses and to induce favorable nutritional conditions. advances in analytical chemistry have allowed the generation of extensive metabolic profiles during plant-pathogen and pest interactions. thereby, metabolic processes were found to be highly specific for given tissues, spec ... | 2013 | 23630531 |
| the xylem as battleground for plant hosts and vascular wilt pathogens. | vascular wilts are among the most destructive plant diseases that occur in annual crops as well as in woody perennials. these diseases are generally caused by soil-borne bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes that infect through the roots and enter the water-conducting xylem vessels where they proliferate and obstruct the transportation of water and minerals. as a consequence, leaves wilt and die, which may lead to impairment of the whole plant and eventually to death of the plant. cultural, chemical, a ... | 2013 | 23630534 |
| the susceptibility of pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from cystic fibrosis patients to bacteriophages. | phage therapy may become a complement to antibiotics in the treatment of chronic pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. to design efficient therapeutic cocktails, the genetic diversity of the species and the spectrum of susceptibility to bacteriophages must be investigated. bacterial strains showing high levels of phage resistance need to be identified in order to decipher the underlying mechanisms. here we have selected genetically diverse p. aeruginosa strains from cystic fibrosis patients and test ... | 2013 | 23637754 |
| simultaneous transcriptome analysis of sorghum and bipolaris sorghicola by using rna-seq in combination with de novo transcriptome assembly. | the recent development of rna sequencing (rna-seq) technology has enabled us to analyze the transcriptomes of plants and their pathogens simultaneously. however, rna-seq often relies on aligning reads to a reference genome and is thus unsuitable for analyzing most plant pathogens, as their genomes have not been fully sequenced. here, we analyzed the transcriptomes of sorghum bicolor (l.) moench and its pathogen bipolaris sorghicola simultaneously by using rna-seq in combination with de novo tran ... | 2013 | 23638091 |
| reduced expression of glycolate oxidase leads to enhanced disease resistance in rice. | glycolate oxidase (glo) is a key enzyme in photorespiration, catalyzing the oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate. arabidopsis glo is required for nonhost defense responses to pseudomonas syringae and for tobacco pto/avrpto-mediated defense responses. we previously described identification of rice glo1 that interacts with a glutaredoxin protein, which in turn interacts with tga transcription factors. tga transcription factors are well known to participate in npr1/nh1-mediated defense signaling, w ... | 2013 | 23638363 |
| analysis of nucleotide diversity among alleles of the major bacterial blight resistance gene xa27 in cultivars of rice (oryza sativa) and its wild relatives. | xa27 is one of the important r-genes, effective against bacterial blight disease of rice caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). using natural population of oryza, we analyzed the sequence variation in the functionally important domains of xa27 across the oryza species. dna sequences of xa27 alleles from 27 rice accessions revealed higher nucleotide diversity among the reported r-genes of rice. sequence polymorphism analysis revealed synonymous and non-synonymous mutations in addition to ... | 2013 | 23652799 |
| ax21-triggered immunity plays a significant role in rice defense against xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. | xa21, as a pattern recognition receptor in rice, senses the quorum-sensing (qs) signal molecule ax21 secreted by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) and mediates hypersensitive response-like immunity against the pathogen. however, for the infection of another pathovar, x. o. pv. oryzicola (xoc), relatively weak defense responses are observed in xa21-containing rice cultivars. in the present study, we demonstrated that the xoc δax21 mutant caused more severe disease symptoms than the wild type in ... | 2013 | 23656311 |
| molecular modeling of protein-protein interaction to decipher the structural mechanism of nonhost resistance in rice. | nonhost resistance (nhr) is the most common and durable form of plant resistance to disease-causing organisms. a successful example of nhr is the cloning of a maize r gene rxo1 in rice and validating its function in conferring bacterial streak resistance in transgenic rice lines. in order to understand the structural mechanism of nhr in rice, we built the model of the protein-protein interaction between the encoded rxo1 (rxo1) and avrrxo1 (avirulence protein of rice pathogen, xanthomonas oryzae ... | 2014 | 23659345 |
| ectopic expression of a wheat wrky transcription factor gene tawrky71-1 results in hyponastic leaves in arabidopsis thaliana. | leaf type is an important trait that closely associates with crop yield. wrky transcription factors exert diverse regulatory effects in plants, but their roles in the determination of leaf type have not been reported so far. in this work, we isolated a wrky transcription factor gene tawrky71-1 from a wheat introgression line sr3, which has larger leaves, superior growth capacity and higher yield than its parent common wheat jn177. tawrky71-1 specifically expressed in leaves, and produced more mr ... | 2013 | 23671653 |
| hrpe3 is a type iii effector protein required for full virulence of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola in rice. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (xoc) is the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak, a devastating disease in rice. xoc uses a type iii secretion (t3s) system, which is encoded by the hrp-hrc-hpa (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity, hrp-conserved and hrp-associated) genes, to inject repertoires of t3s effectors (t3es) into plant cells. many of the hrp-hrc-hpa genes have roles in pathogenesis, but the role of hrpe3, which shows homology to hpae in x. campestris pv. vesicatoria (xcv), is po ... | 2013 | 23672717 |
| warm temperatures induce transgenerational epigenetic release of rna silencing by inhibiting sirna biogenesis in arabidopsis. | owing to their sessile nature, plants have evolved sophisticated genetic and epigenetic regulatory systems to respond quickly and reversibly to daily and seasonal temperature changes. however, our knowledge of how plants sense and respond to warming ambient temperatures is rather limited. here we show that an increase in growth temperature from 22 °c to 30 °c effectively inhibited transgene-induced posttranscriptional gene silencing (ptgs) in arabidopsis. interestingly, warmth-induced ptgs relea ... | 2013 | 23686579 |
| production of the cannibalism toxin sdp is a multistep process that requires sdpa and sdpb. | during the early stages of sporulation, a subpopulation of bacillus subtilis cells secrete toxins that kill their genetically identical siblings in a process termed cannibalism. one of these toxins is encoded by the sdpc gene of the sdpabc operon. the active form of the sdp toxin is a 42-amino-acid peptide with a disulfide bond which is processed from an internal fragment of pro-sdpc. the factors required for the processing of pro-sdpc into mature sdp are not known. we provide evidence that pro- ... | 2013 | 23687264 |
| proteomic analysis reveals novel extracellular virulence-associated proteins and functions regulated by the diffusible signal factor (dsf) in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. | quorum sensing (qs) in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (xoc), the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak, is mediated by the diffusible signal factor (dsf). dsf-mediating qs has been shown to control virulence and a set of virulence-related functions; however, the expression profiles and functions of extracellular proteins controlled by dsf signal remain largely unclear. in the present study, 33 dsf-regulated extracellular proteins, whose functions include small-protein mediating qs, oxidative a ... | 2013 | 23688240 |
| blast resistance of cc-nb-lrr protein pb1 is mediated by wrky45 through protein-protein interaction. | panicle blast 1 (pb1) is a panicle blast resistance gene derived from the indica rice cultivar "modan." pb1 encodes a coiled-coil-nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (cc-nb-lrr) protein and confers durable, broad-spectrum resistance to magnaporthe oryzae races. here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying pb1-mediated blast resistance. the pb1 protein interacted with wrky45, a transcription factor involved in induced resistance via the salicylic acid signaling pathway that i ... | 2013 | 23696671 |
| insights into organ-specific pathogen defense responses in plants: rna-seq analysis of potato tuber-phytophthora infestans interactions. | the late blight pathogen phytophthora infestans can attack both potato foliage and tubers. although interaction transcriptome dynamics between potato foliage and various pathogens have been reported, no transcriptome study has focused specifically upon how potato tubers respond to pathogen infection. when inoculated with p. infestans, tubers of nontransformed 'russet burbank' (wt) potato develop late blight disease while those of transgenic 'russet burbank' line sp2211 (+rb), which expresses the ... | 2013 | 23702331 |
| genome sequence of xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina, isolated from turkish filbert in colorado. | previously, we reported the isolation of a bacterium producing leaf spots in turkish filbert. here, we present the draft genome assembly of the bacterium identified as xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina. to our knowledge, this is the first published genome of this pathovar of x. arboricola. | 2013 | 23704178 |
| tal effectors: highly adaptable phytobacterial virulence factors and readily engineered dna-targeting proteins. | transcription activator-like (tal) effectors are transcription factors injected into plant cells by pathogenic bacteria of the genus xanthomonas. they function as virulence factors by activating host genes important for disease, or as avirulence factors by turning on genes that provide resistance. dna-binding specificity is encoded by polymorphic repeats in each protein that correspond one-to-one with different nucleotides. this code has facilitated target identification and opened new avenues f ... | 2013 | 23707478 |
| members of the xb3 family from diverse plant species induce programmed cell death in nicotiana benthamiana. | programmed cell death has been associated with plant immunity and senescence. the receptor kinase xa21 confers resistance to bacterial blight disease of rice (oryza sativa) caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). here we show that the xa21 binding protein 3 (xb3) is capable of inducing cell death when overexpressed in nicotiana benthamiana. xb3 is a ring finger-containing e3 ubiquitin ligase that has been positively implicated in xa21-mediated resistance. mutation abolishing the xb3 e3 ac ... | 2013 | 23717500 |
| [screening and identification of low temperature-adapted antagonistic bacillus isolated from kekexili region of west china and the analysis of the isolates lipopeptide compounds]. | the research and exploitation of special microbial resources in extreme environment is of scientific significance and has broad applied prospect. in this paper, eight bacillus strains isolated from the vegetation rhizospheres in kekexili extreme region of qinghai province and presented good growth status at low temperature 4 and 10 degrees c were identified. through physiological and biochemical analysis, rep-pcr fingerprinting, and 16s rdna and gyrb partial sequence analyses, the eight strains ... | 2013 | 23718003 |
| the rice bacterial pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae produces 3-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid via xanb2 for use in xanthomonadin, ubiquinone, and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of rice bacterial blight, produces membrane-bound yellow pigments, referred to as xanthomonadins. xanthomonadins protect the pathogen from photodamage and host-induced perioxidation damage. they are also required for epiphytic survival and successful host plant infection. here, we show that xanb2 encoded by pxo_3739 plays a key role in xanthomonadin and coenzyme q8 biosynthesis in x. oryzae pv. oryzae pxo99a. a xanb2 deletion mutant exhibits a plei ... | 2013 | 23718125 |
| mamp (microbe-associated molecular pattern) triggered immunity in plants. | plants are sessile organisms that are under constant attack from microbes. they rely on both preformed defenses, and their innate immune system to ward of the microbial pathogens. preformed defences include for example the cell wall and cuticle, which act as physical barriers to microbial colonization. the plant immune system is composed of surveillance systems that perceive several general microbe elicitors, which allow plants to switch from growth and development into a defense mode, rejecting ... | 2013 | 23720666 |
| the floral transition is not the developmental switch that confers competence for the arabidopsis age-related resistance response to pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. | age-related resistance (arr) is a plant defense response characterized by enhanced resistance to certain pathogens in mature plants relative to young plants. in arabidopsis thaliana the transition to flowering is associated with arr competence, suggesting that this developmental event is the switch that initiates arr competence in mature plants (rusterucci et al. in physiol mol plant pathol 66:222-231, 2005). the association of arr and the floral transition was examined using flowering-time muta ... | 2013 | 23722504 |
| comparative transcriptome profiling reveals different expression patterns in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strains with putative virulence-relevant genes. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) is the causal agent of rice bacterial blight, which is a major rice disease in tropical asian countries. an attempt has been made to investigate gene expression patterns of three xoo strains on the minimal medium xom2, pxo99 (p6) and pxo86 (p2) from the philippines, and gd1358 (c5) from china, which exhibited different virulence in 30 rice varieties, with putative virulence factors using deep sequencing. in total, 4,781 transcripts were identified in this stud ... | 2013 | 23734193 |
| disease resistance or growth: the role of plant hormones in balancing immune responses and fitness costs. | plant growth and response to environmental cues are largely governed by phytohormones. the plant hormones ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid (sa) play a central role in the regulation of plant immune responses. in addition, other plant hormones, such as auxins, abscisic acid (aba), cytokinins, gibberellins, and brassinosteroids, that have been thoroughly described to regulate plant development and growth, have recently emerged as key regulators of plant immunity. plant hormones interact ... | 2013 | 23745126 |
| proteome analysis of the plant-pathogenic bacterium xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | the plant-pathogenic bacterium xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) is the causal agent of bacterial blight, which is one of the most serious diseases of rice. xoo has been studied for over one century, and much has been learned about it, but proteomic investigation has been neglected. in this study, proteome reference maps of xoo were constructed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and 628 spots in the gels representing 469 different protein species were identified with maldi-tof/tof ms. the ... | 2013 | 23748134 |
| biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by phytopathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strain bxo8. | extracellular biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles with various shapes using the rice bacterial blight bacterium xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae bxo8 is reported. the synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by uv-vis spectroscopy, powder x-ray diffractometry (xrd), scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry, and highresolution transmission electron microscopy (hr-tem). based on the evidence of hr-tem, the synthesized particles were found to be spherical, w ... | 2013 | 23751558 |
| molecular phylogeny, homology modeling, and molecular dynamics simulation of race-specific bacterial blight disease resistance protein (xa5) of rice: a comparative agriproteomics approach. | rice (oryza sativa l.), a model plant belonging to the family poaceae, is a staple food for a majority of the people worldwide. grown in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, this important cereal crop is under constant and serious threat from both biotic and abiotic stresses. among the biotic threats, xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, causing the damaging bacterial blight disease in rice, is a prominent pathogen. the xa5 gene in the host plant rice confers race-specific resistance to ... | 2013 | 23758479 |
| antibacterial activity of extracellular compounds produced by a pseudomonas strain against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains. | the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a world health problem. staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) strains, is one of the most important human pathogens associated with hospital and community-acquired infections. the aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a pseudomonas aeruginosa-derived compound against mrsa strains. | 2013 | 23773484 |
| metaproteomic analysis of ratoon sugarcane rhizospheric soil. | the current study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of yield decline in ratoon sugarcane using soil metaproteomics combined with community level physiological profiles (clpp) analysis. | 2013 | 23773576 |
| moraxella catarrhalis uses a twin-arginine translocation system to secrete the β-lactamase bro-2. | moraxella catarrhalis is a human-specific gram-negative bacterium readily isolated from the respiratory tract of healthy individuals. the organism also causes significant health problems, including 15-20% of otitis media cases in children and ~10% of respiratory infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. the lack of an efficacious vaccine, the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates, and high carriage rates reported in children are cause for concern. v ... | 2013 | 23782650 |
| crispr interference: a structural perspective. | crispr (cluster of regularly interspaced palindromic repeats) is a prokaryotic adaptive defence system, providing immunity against mobile genetic elements such as viruses. genomically encoded crrna (crispr rna) is used by cas (crispr-associated) proteins to target and subsequently degrade nucleic acids of invading entities in a sequence-dependent manner. the process is known as 'interference'. in the present review we cover recent progress on the structural biology of the crispr/cas system, focu ... | 2013 | 23805973 |
| abscisic acid promotes susceptibility to the rice leaf blight pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae by suppressing salicylic acid-mediated defenses. | the plant hormone abscisic acid (aba) is involved in a wide variety of plant processes, including the initiation of stress-adaptive responses to various environmental cues. recently, aba also emerged as a central factor in the regulation and integration of plant immune responses, although little is known about the underlying mechanisms. aiming to advance our understanding of aba-modulated disease resistance, we have analyzed the impact, dynamics and interrelationship of aba and the classic defen ... | 2013 | 23826294 |
| plant micrornas display differential 3' truncation and tailing modifications that are argonaute1 dependent and conserved across species. | plant small rnas are 3' methylated by the methyltransferase hua1 enhancer1 (hen1). in plant hen1 mutants, 3' modifications of small rnas, including oligo-uridylation (tailing), are associated with accelerated degradation of micrornas (mirnas). by sequencing small rnas of the wild type and hen1 mutants from arabidopsis thaliana, rice (oryza sativa), and maize (zea mays), we found 3' truncation prior to tailing is widespread in these mutants. moreover, the patterns of mirna truncation and tailing ... | 2013 | 23839787 |
| abundance of the quorum-sensing factor ax21 in four strains of stenotrophomonas maltophilia correlates with mortality rate in a new zebrafish model of infection. | stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gram-negative pathogen with emerging nosocomial incidence. little is known about its pathogenesis and the genomic diversity exhibited by clinical isolates complicates the study of pathogenicity and virulence factors. here, we present a strategy to identify such factors in new clinical isolates of s. maltophilia, incorporating an adult-zebrafish model of s. maltophilia infection to evaluate relative virulence coupled to 2d difference gel electrophoresis to explor ... | 2013 | 23840626 |
| role of metabolite transporters in source-sink carbon allocation. | plants assimilate carbon dioxide during photosynthesis in chloroplasts. assimilated carbon is subsequently allocated throughout the plant. generally, two types of organs can be distinguished, mature green source leaves as net photoassimilate exporters, and net importers, the sinks, e.g., roots, flowers, small leaves, and storage organs like tubers. within these organs, different tissue types developed according to their respective function, and cells of either tissue type are highly compartmenta ... | 2013 | 23847636 |
| the endoplasmic reticulum-quality control component sdf2 is essential for xa21-mediated immunity in rice. | plant genomes contain large number of plasma membrane (pm)-localized immune receptors, also called pattern recognition receptors (prrs). prrs are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and then translocated to the pm, where they recognize conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and activate innate immune response. the rice xa21 immune receptor confers resistance to the gram-negative bacterial pathogen, xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). to identify components that media ... | 2013 | 23849113 |
| new type of antimicrobial protein produced by the plant pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. | it has previously been shown that the tomato pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis secretes a 14-kda protein, c. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis amp-i (cmmamp-i), that inhibits growth of clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the causal agent of bacterial ring rot of potato. using sequences obtained from tryptic fragments, we have identified the gene encoding cmmamp-i and we have recombinantly produced the protein with an n-terminal intein tag. the gene sequence showe ... | 2013 | 23851100 |
| differential peroxidase activities in three different crops upon insect feeding. | peroxidases are the ubiquitous enzyme and reported to be present in all living genera. they catalyses reduction of peroxide and generate reactive oxygen species. in the present study we demonstrated that insect infestation induces peroxidase activity in sap and total soluble protein (tsp) of plant leaves. three important crop plants viz. tomato, cowpea and cotton were used for this study. after infestation of chewing insect, peroxidase activity in the sap and tsp of all the studied plants were e ... | 2013 | 23857346 |
| receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases are pivotal components in pattern recognition receptor-mediated signaling in plant immunity. | innate immunity is generally initiated with recognition of conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps). pamps are perceived by pattern recognition receptors (prrs), leading to activation of a series of immune responses, including the expression of defense genes, ros production and activation of map kinase. recent progress has indicated that receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (rlcks) are directly activated by ligand-activated prrs and initiate pattern-triggered immunity (pti) in both ... | 2013 | 23857358 |
| analysis of transcript and metabolite levels in italian rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars subjected to osmotic stress or benzothiadiazole treatment. | one of the major objectives of rice (oryza sativa l.) breeding programs is the development of new varieties with higher tolerance/resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses. in this study, italian rice cultivars were subjected to osmotic stress or benzothiadiazole (bth) treatments. an analysis of the expression of selected genes known to be involved in the stress response and (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)h nmr) metabolic profiling were combined with multivariate statistical analyses t ... | 2013 | 23860229 |
| an improved method for tal effectors dna-binding sites prediction reveals functional convergence in tal repertoires of xanthomonas oryzae strains. | transcription activators-like effectors (tales) belong to a family of virulence proteins from the xanthomonas genus of bacterial plant pathogens that are translocated into the plant cell. in the nucleus, tales act as transcription factors inducing the expression of susceptibility genes. a code for tale-dna binding specificity and high-resolution three-dimensional structures of tale-dna complexes were recently reported. accurate prediction of tal effector binding elements (ebes) is essential to e ... | 2013 | 23869221 |
| five phylogenetically close rice sweet genes confer tal effector-mediated susceptibility to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | bacterial plant-pathogenic xanthomonas strains translocate transcription activator-like (tal) effectors into plant cells to function as specific transcription factors. only a few plant target genes of tal effectors have been identified, so far. three plant sweet genes encoding putative sugar transporters are known to be induced by tal effectors from rice-pathogenic xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). we predict and validate that expression of ossweet14 is induced by a novel tal effector, tal5, ... | 2013 | 23879865 |
| a mutation in the xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae wxod gene affects xanthan production and chemotaxis. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial blight in rice (oryza sativa l.). the effect of a mutation in the wxod gene, that encodes a putative o-antigen acetylase, on xanthan production as well as bacterial chemotaxis was investigated. the mutation increased xanthan production by 52 %. the mutant strain was non-motile on semi-solid agar swarm plates. in addition, several genes involved in chemotaxis, including the chew, chev, cher, and ched genes, were down-regulated by a mutation in the wx ... | 2013 | 23881323 |
| molecular modeling and docking characterization of czr1, a cc-nbs-lrr r-gene from curcuma zedoaria loeb. that confers resistance to pythium aphanidermatum. | plant nbs-lrr r-genes recognizes several pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps) and limit pathogen infection through a multifaceted defense response. czr1, a coiled-coil-nucleotide-binding-site-leucine-rich repeat r-gene isolated from curcuma zedoaria l exhibit constitutive resistance to different strains of p. aphanidermatum. majority of the necrotrophic oomycetes are characterized by the presence of carbohydrate pamps β-glucans in their cell walls which intercat with r-genes. in the pr ... | 2013 | 23888096 |
| jasmonate induction of the monoterpene linalool confers resistance to rice bacterial blight and its biosynthesis is regulated by jaz protein in rice. | jasmonic acid (ja) is involved in the regulation of host immunity in plants. recently, we demonstrated that ja signalling has an important role in resistance to rice bacterial blight caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) in rice. here, we report that many volatile compounds accumulate in response to exogenous application of ja, including the monoterpene linalool. expression of linalool synthase was up-regulated by ja. vapour treatment with linalool induced resistance to xoo, and transgen ... | 2014 | 23889289 |
| source-to-sink transport of sugar and regulation by environmental factors. | source-to-sink transport of sugar is one of the major determinants of plant growth and relies on the efficient and controlled distribution of sucrose (and some other sugars such as raffinose and polyols) across plant organs through the phloem. however, sugar transport through the phloem can be affected by many environmental factors that alter source/sink relationships. in this paper, we summarize current knowledge about the phloem transport mechanisms and review the effects of several abiotic (w ... | 2013 | 23898339 |
| the role of bacterial biofilms and surface components in plant-bacterial associations. | the role of bacterial surface components in combination with bacterial functional signals in the process of biofilm formation has been increasingly studied in recent years. plants support a diverse array of bacteria on or in their roots, transport vessels, stems, and leaves. these plant-associated bacteria have important effects on plant health and productivity. biofilm formation on plants is associated with symbiotic and pathogenic responses, but how plants regulate such associations is unclear ... | 2013 | 23903045 |
| tacpk2-a, a calcium-dependent protein kinase gene that is required for wheat powdery mildew resistance enhances bacterial blight resistance in transgenic rice. | calcium-dependent protein kinases (cpks) are important ca2+ signalling components involved in complex immune and stress signalling networks; but the knowledge of cpk gene functions in the hexaploid wheat is limited. previously, tacpk2 was shown to be inducible by powdery mildew (blumeria graminis tritici, bgt) infection in wheat. here, its functions in disease resistance are characterized further. this study shows the presence of defence-response and cold-response cis-elements on the promoters o ... | 2013 | 23918959 |
| the putative enoyl-coenzyme a hydratase dspi is required for production of the pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm dispersion autoinducer cis-2-decenoic acid. | in the present study, we report the identification of a putative enoyl-coenzyme a (coa) hydratase/isomerase that is required for synthesis of the biofilm dispersion autoinducer cis-2-decenoic acid in the human pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa. the protein is encoded by pa14_54640 (pa0745), named dspi for dispersion inducer. the gene sequence for this protein shows significant homology to rpff in xanthomonas campestris. inactivation of dspi was shown to abolish biofilm dispersion autoinduction in ... | 2013 | 23935049 |
| genomic analysis of the kiwifruit pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae provides insight into the origins of an emergent plant disease. | the origins of crop diseases are linked to domestication of plants. most crops were domesticated centuries--even millennia--ago, thus limiting opportunity to understand the concomitant emergence of disease. kiwifruit (actinidia spp.) is an exception: domestication began in the 1930s with outbreaks of canker disease caused by p. syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) first recorded in the 1980s. based on snp analyses of two circularized and 34 draft genomes, we show that psa is comprised of distinct clade ... | 2013 | 23935484 |
| down-regulation of ossag12-1 results in enhanced senescence and pathogen-induced cell death in transgenic rice plants. | senescence is a highly regulated process accompanied by changes in gene expression. while the mrna levels of most genes decline, the mrna levels of specific genes (senescence associated genes, sags) increase during senescence. arabidopsis sag12 (atsag12) gene codes for papain-like cysteine protease. the promoter of atsag12 is sa-responsive and reported to be useful to delay senescence by expressing cytokinin biosynthesis gene isopentenyltransferase specifically during senescence in several plant ... | 2013 | 23938390 |
| new and talented genome engineering toolbox. | recent advances in the burgeoning field of genome engineering are accelerating the realization of personalized therapeutics for cardiovascular disease. in the postgenomic era, sequence-specific gene-editing tools enable the functional analysis of genetic alterations implicated in disease. in partnership with high-throughput model systems, efficient gene manipulation provides an increasingly powerful toolkit to study phenotypes associated with patient-specific genetic defects. herein, this review ... | 2013 | 23948583 |
| pivoting the plant immune system from dissection to deployment. | diverse and rapidly evolving pathogens cause plant diseases and epidemics that threaten crop yield and food security around the world. research over the last 25 years has led to an increasingly clear conceptual understanding of the molecular components of the plant immune system. combined with ever-cheaper dna-sequencing technology and the rich diversity of germ plasm manipulated for over a century by plant breeders, we now have the means to begin development of durable (long-lasting) disease re ... | 2013 | 23950531 |
| [antimicrobial activities of ant ponericin w1 against plant pathogens in vitro and the disease resistance in its transgenic arabidopsis]. | the antimicrobial peptides (amps) exhibit a broad antimicrobial spectrum. the application of amps from non-plant organisms attracts considerable attention in plant disease resistance engineering. ponericin w1, isolated from the venom of ant (pachycondyla goeldii), shows antimicrobial activities against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and the budding yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae); however, it is not clear whether ponericin w1 is effective against plant pathogens. the results of ... | 2013 | 23956091 |
| a comparative approach expands the protein-protein interaction node of the immune receptor xa21 in wheat and rice. | the rice (oryza sativa) osxa21 receptor kinase is a well-studied immune receptor that initiates a signal transduction pathway leading to resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. two homologs of osxa21 were identified in wheat (triticum aestivum): taxa21-like1 located in a syntenic region with osxa21, and taxa21-like2 located in a nonsyntenic region. proteins encoded by these two wheat genes interact with four wheat orthologs of known osxa21 interactors. in this study, we screened a wheat yea ... | 2013 | 23957671 |
| expression analysis of rice vq genes in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. | wrky transcription factors are encoded by a large gene superfamily with a broad range of roles in plants. proteins containing a short vq (fxxxvqxltg) motif have been recently shown to interact with wrky transcription factors, implying that atvq proteins are important in the plant defense responses in arabidopsis, either as positive or negative cofactors of wrky transcription factors. thirty-nine oryza sativa genes containing the vq motif (osvqs) were identified and the genome structures of osvq ... | 2013 | 23958655 |
| structure of an 'open' clamp type ii topoisomerase-dna complex provides a mechanism for dna capture and transport. | type ii topoisomerases regulate dna supercoiling and chromosome segregation. they act as atp-operated clamps that capture a dna duplex and pass it through a transient dna break in a second dna segment via the sequential opening and closure of atpase-, g-dna- and c-gates. here, we present the first 'open clamp' structures of a 3-gate topoisomerase ii-dna complex, the seminal complex engaged in dna recognition and capture. a high-resolution structure was solved for a (full-length pare-parc55)2 dim ... | 2013 | 23965305 |
| lysobacter enzymogenes uses two distinct cell-cell signaling systems for differential regulation of secondary-metabolite biosynthesis and colony morphology. | lysobacter enzymogenes is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that is emerging as a potentially novel biological control agent and a new source of bioactive secondary metabolites, such as the heat-stable antifungal factor (hsaf) and photoprotective polyene pigments. thus far, the regulatory mechanism(s) for biosynthesis of these bioactive secondary metabolites remains largely unknown in l. enzymogenes. in the present study, the diffusible signal factor (dsf) and diffusible factor (df)-mediated ... | 2013 | 23974132 |
| arabidopsis phospholipase dδ is involved in basal defense and nonhost resistance to powdery mildew fungi. | plants have evolved a complex array of defensive responses against pathogenic microorganisms. recognition of microbes initiates signaling cascades that activate plant defenses. the membrane lipid phosphatidic acid, produced by phospholipase d (pld), has been shown to take part in both abiotic and biotic stress signaling. in this study, the involvement of pld in the interaction between arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and the barley powdery mildew fungus blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (bgh) wa ... | 2013 | 23979971 |
| construction of a rice glycoside hydrolase phylogenomic database and identification of targets for biofuel research. | glycoside hydrolases (gh) catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in cell wall polymers and can have major effects on cell wall architecture. taking advantage of the massive datasets available in public databases, we have constructed a rice phylogenomic database of ghs (http://ricephylogenomics.ucdavis.edu/cellwalls/gh/). this database integrates multiple data types including the structural features, orthologous relationships, mutant availability, and gene expression patterns for each gh fam ... | 2013 | 23986771 |
| gltb/d mutants of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae are virulence deficient. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial blight, a serious disease of rice. upon clip inoculation of rice leaves, xoo causes typical v-shaped lesions whose leading edge moves through the mid-veinal region. we have isolated a virulence deficient mutant of xoo, referred to as bxo808 that causes limited lesions which primarily extend through the side-veinal regions of rice leaves. functional complementation studies identified a clone, psr19, from a cosmid genomic library that restored w ... | 2014 | 23995777 |