Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| research involving storage and use of human tissue: how did the human tissue act 2004 affect decisions by research ethics committees? | little is known about the types of issues research ethics committees (recs) raise in their letters about research involving the storage and use of human tissue. | 2009 | 19734481 |
| history of migraine with aura and cortical spreading depression from 1941 and onwards. | several personal descriptions of migraine with aura from 1870 onwards reported a slow, gradual progression of symptoms. lashley in 1941 meticulously chartered his own auras and concluded that the symptomatology reflected a cortical process progressing with a speed of 3 mm/min across the primary visual cortex. leão described cortical spreading depression (csd) in rabbits in 1944 and noticed its similarity to the migraine aura. despite these scattered pieces of evidence, the prevailing theory was ... | 2010 | 19740119 |
| increased 24-hour variation of human intraocular pressure with short axial length. | to characterize 24-hour variation of intraocular pressure (iop) in healthy young adults based on the axial length of the eye. | 2010 | 19741246 |
| delayed changes of sleep duration after rewarded olfactory discrimination learning in the rat. | the aim of this experiment was to determine if a task of associative olfactory learning, based on the ethological repertory of rats and learnt rapidly in 5 successive trials, could modify slow wave sleep (sws) and/or paradoxical sleep (ps) duration after learning and/or after a retrieval-reactivation test 24 h later. somnopolygraphic recordings were performed for 20 h per day on trained and control (submitted to a pseudo-learning test) rats. sws and ps durations were analyzed per 20 h and per 4 ... | 2009 | 19744525 |
| using reality mining to improve public health and medicine. | we live our lives in digital networks. we wake up in the morning, check our e-mail, make a quick phone call, commute to work, buy lunch. many of these transactions leave digital breadcrumbs--tiny records of our daily experiences. reality mining, which pulls together these crumbs using statistical analysis and machine learning methods, offers an increasingly comprehensive picture of our lives, both individually and collectively, with the potential of transforming our understanding of ourselves, o ... | 2009 | 19745474 |
| biochemical and behavioural characterization of empa, a novel high-affinity, selective antagonist for the ox(2) receptor. | the ox(2) receptor is a g-protein-coupled receptor that is abundantly found in the tuberomammillary nucleus, an important site for the regulation of the sleep-wake state. herein, we describe the in vitro and in vivo properties of a selective ox(2) receptor antagonist, n-ethyl-2-[(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-(toluene-2-sulphonyl)-amino]-n-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-acetamide (empa). | 2009 | 19751316 |
| modafinil and γ-hydroxybutyrate have sleep state-specific pharmacological actions on hypocretin-1 physiology in a primate model of human sleep. | hypocretin-1 is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that is important in the regulation of wake and the lack of which results in the sleep disorder narcolepsy. using a monkey that has consolidated wake akin to humans, we examined pharmacological manipulation of sleep and wake and its effects on hypocretin physiology. monkeys were given the sleep-inducing γ-hydroxybutyrate (ghb) and the wake-inducing modafinil both in the morning and in the evening. cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 concentrations changed ... | 2009 | 19752724 |
| histamine h3 and h4 receptors as novel drug targets. | the identification of histamine h3 (h3r) and h4 (h4r) receptors some years ago revived interest in histamine research and exposed attractive perspectives for the potential therapeutic exploitation of these new drug targets. while the h3r is mainly localised in the cns, the h4r is primarily expressed in hematopoietic cells, indicating their function in neurotransmission and immunomodulation, respectively. although structural similarities between h3r and h4r and species differences in their pharma ... | 2009 | 19758107 |
| [daily phase adjustment of human sleep-wake cycle]. | in humans, studies using temporal isolation unit have indicated that (1) bright light is a dominant zeitgeber in human circadian systems and (2) period of endogenous circadian rhythms is longer than 24 h. the human circadian systems have at least two unique features. first is an internal desynchronization in which period of core body temperature rhythm and sleep-wake cycle free-run with different periods. internal desynchronization indicates that the human circadian system consists of two differ ... | 2009 | 19768927 |
| usability and safety of ventricular assist devices: human factors and design aspects. | the purpose of this study was the investigation of the usability and ergonomics of ventricular assist devices (vads) in everyday usage. patients with four different vad types were observed. after implantation, instruction, and discharge from the hospital, the patients returned on a regular basis to the outpatient clinic, where the investigation took place. data collection took place in two phases. in phase i home-released vad patients were asked about perceived problems with the system at home. ... | 2009 | 19775260 |
| using satellite images of environmental changes to predict infectious disease outbreaks. | recent events clearly illustrate a continued vulnerability of large populations to infectious diseases, which is related to our changing human-constructed and natural environments. a single person with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in 2007 provided a wake-up call to the united states and global public health infrastructure, as the health professionals and the public realized that today's ease of airline travel can potentially expose hundreds of persons to an untreatable disease associated wit ... | 2009 | 19788799 |
| nature's clocks and human mood: the circadian system modulates reward motivation. | existing literature on reward motivation pays scant attention to the fact that reward potential of the environment varies dramatically with the light/dark cycle. evolution, by contrast, treats this fact very seriously: in all species, the circadian system is adapted to optimize the daily rhythm of environmental engagement. we used 3 standard protocols to demonstrate that human reward motivation, as measured in the dynamics of positive affect (pa), is modulated endogenously by the circadian clock ... | 2009 | 19803592 |
| the french academy of sciences as a patron of the medical sciences in the early nineteenth century. | in the wake of the french revolution, the newly founded first class of the institute in paris was able to make major contributions, not only to science but also to medicine. unfortunately, the latter has hardly been appreciated. these medical contributions may be summarized as being: (1) through the interests of two of its sections, (2) through patronage and, in particular, its exceptional encouragement of one young man, françois magendie, (3) through the montyon legacy, (4) through its implicit ... | 2009 | 19831262 |
| palmyramide a, a cyclic depsipeptide from a palmyra atoll collection of the marine cyanobacterium lyngbya majuscula. | bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract of a consortium of a marine cyanobacterium and a red alga (rhodophyta) led to the discovery of a novel compound, palmyramide a, along with the known compounds curacin d and malyngamide c. the planar structure of palmyramide a was determined by one- and two-dimensional nmr studies and mass spectrometry. palmyramide a is a cyclic depsipeptide that features an unusual arrangement of three amino acids and three hydroxy acids; one of the hydroxy acids is t ... | 2010 | 19839606 |
| possible hidden hazards of mass vaccination against new influenza a/h1n1: have the cardiovascular risks been adequately weighed? | programs for vaccination against the new influenza a/h1n1 targeting many hundred million citizens in europe and the usa are to be launched in the fall of this year. the usa is planning to employ a non-adjuvanted vaccine, whereas european nations are opting for inclusion of mf59, the adjuvant contained in an alternative seasonal flu vaccine, or the related adjuvant as03 that is contained in a recently developed h5n1 vaccine. we draw attention to unappreciated hazards of using adjuvanted vaccine i ... | 2009 | 19851782 |
| containing anxiety in the wake of the h1n1 influenza pandemic: documents as sedative agents. | 2009 | 19906277 | |
| engineering considerations for process development in mammalian cell cultivation. | mammalian cell cultivation plays a great role in producing protein therapeutics in the last decades. many engineering parameters are considered for optimization during process development in mammalian cell cultivation, only shear and mixing are especially highlighted in this paper. it is believed that shear stress due to agitation has been over-estimated to damage cells, but shear may result in nonlethal physiological responses. there is no cell damage in the regions where bubbles form, break up ... | 2010 | 19929819 |
| mechanistic aspects of the fracture toughness of elk antler bone. | bone is an adaptive material that is designed for different functional requirements; indeed, bones have a variety of properties depending on their role in the body. to understand the mechanical response of bone requires the elucidation of its structure-function relationships. here, we examine the fracture toughness of compact bone of elk antler, which is an extremely fast-growing primary bone designed for a totally different function than human (secondary) bone. we find that antler in the transv ... | 2010 | 19941980 |
| an overview of the effects of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds on vertebrates, as documented in human and ecological epidemiology. | dioxins and dioxin-like compounds are primary examples of persistent organic pollutants that induce toxicity in both wildlife and humans. over the past 200 years these compounds have been almost exclusively generated by human activity and have left a string of disasters in the wake of their accidental release. most recently, the contamination of the irish pork supply with dioxins resulted in an international recall of all irish pork products. epidemiologic data on human and ecological dioxin exp ... | 2009 | 19953395 |
| african trypanosome infections of the nervous system: parasite entry and effects on sleep and synaptic functions. | the extracellular parasite trypanosoma brucei causes human african trypanosomiasis (hat), also known as sleeping sickness. trypanosomes are transmitted by tsetse flies and hat occurs in foci in sub-saharan africa. the disease, which is invariably lethal if untreated, evolves in a first hemo-lymphatic stage, progressing to a second meningo-encephalitic stage when the parasites cross the blood-brain barrier. at first, trypanosomes are restricted to circumventricular organs and choroid plexus in th ... | 2010 | 19995590 |
| pandemic influenza: is there a corporate duty to prepare? | this article considers whether in the wake of an influenza pandemic companies may be exposed to claims of legal liability for failing to provide employees with access to antiviral medications, as the department of health and human services (hhs) now encourages businesses to do. it begins by describing influenza and influenza pandemics. it then discusses the benefits and limitations of antiviral therapies and the recent creation of antiviral option programs. it concludes by considering whether cl ... | 2009 | 19998573 |
| hpv in adolescents. making the wake-up call. | 2007 | 19998883 | |
| characterization of sleep-wake patterns in a novel transgenic mouse line overexpressing human prepro-orexin/hypocretin. | orexin/hypocretin peptides are expressed in the lateral hypothalamus and involved in the regulation of autonomic functions, energy homeostasis and arousal states. the sleep disorder narcolepsy, which is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and occurrence of sudden rapid eye movement (rem) sleep, is associated with a loss of orexin neurones. our study investigated the effects of orexins on sleep-wake patterns in a novel transgenic mouse line overexpressing the human prepro-orexin (hppo) ... | 2010 | 20003098 |
| the united states and global health: inseparable and synergistic? the institute of medicine's report on global health. | in the wake of dynamic economic and political transitions worldwide, the institute of medicine recently released its report advocating investments in global health from the united states (us). the expert panel reinforces the 'transnational and interdisciplinary' nature of global health research and practice as an endeavor 'to improve health and achieve greater equity for all people worldwide.' this report was judiciously timed given the growing recognition of global health, and is also acknowled ... | 2009 | 20027251 |
| trypanosomiasis and the brain. | neurological involvement following trypanosome infection has been recognised for over a century. however, there are still many unanswered questions concerning the mechanisms used by the parasite to gain entry to the cns and the pathogenesis of the resulting neuroinflammatory reaction. there is a paucity of material from human cases of the disease therefore the majority of current research relies on the use of animal models of trypanosome infection. this review reports contemporary knowledge, fro ... | 2010 | 20028610 |
| "you are our only hope": trading metaphorical "magic bullets" for stem cell "superheroes". | in the wake of two recent developments in stem cell research, it is a fitting time to reassess the claim that stem cells will radically transform the concept and function of medicine. the first is the u.s. food and drug administration's decision in january 2009 to approve geron corporation's phase i clinical trial using human embryonic stem cells for patients with spinal cord injuries. the second is the national institutes of health's decision to permit federal funding of research using donated ... | 2009 | 20035405 |
| physical exercise accelerates reentrainment of human sleep-wake cycle but not of plasma melatonin rhythm to 8-h phase-advanced sleep schedule. | effects of timed physical exercise were examined on the reentrainment of sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms to an 8-h phase-advanced sleep schedule. seventeen male adults spent 12 days in a temporal isolation facility with dim light conditions (<10 lux). the sleep schedule was phase-advanced by 8 h from their habitual sleep times for 4 days, which was followed by a free-run session for 6 days, during which the subjects were deprived of time cues. during the shift schedule, the exercise group ... | 2010 | 20042689 |
| the potential for species conservation in tropical secondary forests. | in the wake of widespread loss of old-growth forests throughout the tropics, secondary forests will likely play a growing role in the conservation of forest biodiversity. we considered a complex hierarchy of factors that interact in space and time to determine the conservation potential of tropical secondary forests. beyond the characteristics of local forest patches, spatial and temporal landscape dynamics influence the establishment, species composition, and persistence of secondary forests. p ... | 2009 | 20078641 |
| sleep disturbance in parkinson's disease: a human response to illness. | parkinson's disease (pd) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder. although pd is diagnosed and recognized by the associated motor symptoms, historically the associated non-motor symptoms have been clinically under-appreciated. one of the most distressing of the non-motor symptoms is a sleep-wake pattern disturbance, estimated to affect more than 60% of people living with pd. a review of the literature utilizing the human response to illness model as an organizing framework will faci ... | 2009 | 20085118 |
| vasopressin and the output of the hypothalamic biological clock. | the physiological effects of vasopressin as a peripheral hormone were first reported more than 100 years ago. however, it was not until the first immunocytochemical studies were carried out in the early 1970s, using vasopressin antibodies, and the discovery of an extensive distribution of vasopressin-containing fibres outside the hypothalamus, that a neurotransmitter role for vasopressin could be hypothesised. these studies revealed four additional vasopressin systems next to the classical magno ... | 2010 | 20088910 |
| shift work, sleep, and sleepiness - differences between shift schedules and systems. | in this narrative review, we examined what level of research evidence is available that shift workers' sleep-wake disturbances can be minimized through ergonomic shift scheduling. we classified the pertinent studies conducted on real shift workers in field conditions by the type of shift system and study design (ie, whether the shift systems were modified or not - "treatment" versus "no treatment"). the results of the observational studies in which no changes to the shift system were made (ie, n ... | 2010 | 20119631 |
| an association analysis of circadian genes in anxiety disorders. | the mammalian circadian system is responsible for controlling daily oscillations in physiology and behavior. circadian genes contribute to the sleep-wake cycle and mood, and because patients with anxiety disorder often suffer from sleep disturbances, we hypothesized that variants in circadian-clock-related genes might predispose to human anxiety disorders as well. we tested this hypothesis with a genetic association analysis. | 2010 | 20122683 |
| rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder in patients with narcolepsy is associated with hypocretin-1 deficiency. | rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder is characterized by dream-enacting behaviour and impaired motor inhibition during rapid eye movement sleep. rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder is commonly associated with neurodegenerative disorders, but also reported in narcolepsy with cataplexy. most narcolepsy with cataplexy patients lack the sleep-wake, and rapid eye movement sleep, motor-regulating hypocretin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. in contrast, rapid eye movement sleep behav ... | 2010 | 20129934 |
| the sleep-wake cycle in adult rats following pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy. | the relationship between sleep and epilepsy is both complex and clinically significant. temporal lobe epilepsy (tle) influences sleep architecture, while sleep plays an important role in facilitating and/or inhibiting possible epileptic seizures. the pilocarpine experimental model reproduces several features of human temporal lobe epilepsy and is one of the most widely used models in basic research. the aim of the present study was to characterize, behaviorally and electrophysiologically, the ph ... | 2010 | 20133208 |
| braf inhibitors: research accelerates in wake of positive findings. | 2010 | 20145213 | |
| the role of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonergic and non-serotonergic neurons, and of their receptors, in regulating waking and rapid eye movement (rem) sleep. | based on electrophysiological, neurochemical, genetic and neuropharmacological approaches it is currently accepted that serotonin (5-ht) functions to promote waking (w) and to inhibit rapid-eye movement sleep (rems). the serotonin-containing neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (drn) provide part of the serotonergic innervation of the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon of laboratory animals and man. the drn has been subdivided into several clusters on the basis of diff ... | 2010 | 20153670 |
| chronotherapeutic strategy: rhythm monitoring, manipulation and disruption. | mammalians circadian pacemaker resides in the paired suprachiasmatic nuclei (scn) and influences a multitude of biological processes, including the sleep-wake rhythm. clock genes are the genes that control the circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior. 24h rhythm is demonstrated for the function of physiology and the pathophysiology of diseases. the effectiveness and toxicity of many drugs vary depending on dosing time. such chronopharmacological phenomena are influenced by not only the pharm ... | 2010 | 20188774 |
| from antiseptics to antibiotics - and back? | there is no straight line to trace the trajectory of antiseptics; rather, this has been manifested more as a fluctuating line, a backwards and forwards movement, seen in the wake of major discoveries but of colossal mistakes too. while today no one would allow their prophylactic policies to be guided by miasma or contagia, there continues to be some uncertainly about how to manage anti-infectives effectively even today.when in 1941 the first human being was successfully treated with penicillin, ... | 2007 | 20200687 |
| associations of metabolic parameters and ethanol consumption with messenger rna expression of clock genes in healthy men. | recent studies suggest that the impairment of circadian clock function causes various pathological conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and alcoholism, and an altered mrna expression of clock genes was found under these conditions. however, it remains to be determined whether clock gene expression varies depending on metabolic conditions even in healthy people. to address this issue, we investigated the associations of metabolic parameters and alcohol consumption with mrna expression of clock ... | 2010 | 20205566 |
| abnormal activity in reward brain circuits in human narcolepsy with cataplexy. | hypothalamic hypocretins (or orexins) regulate energy metabolism and arousal maintenance. recent animal research suggests that hypocretins may also influence reward-related behaviors. in humans, the loss of hypocretin-containing neurons results in a major sleep-wake disorder called narcolepsy-cataplexy, which is associated with emotional disturbances. here, we aim to test whether narcoleptic patients show an abnormal pattern of brain activity during reward processing. | 2010 | 20225193 |
| sleep and rhythm consequences of a genetically induced loss of serotonin. | a genetic deficiency in sepiapterin reductase leads to a combined deficit of serotonin and dopamine. the motor phenotype is characterized by a dopa-responsive fluctuating generalized dystonia-parkinsonism. the non-motor symptoms are poorly recognized. in particular, the effects of brain serotonin deficiency on sleep have not been thoroughly studied. | 2010 | 20337188 |
| circadian control of mouse heart rate and blood pressure by the suprachiasmatic nuclei: behavioral effects are more significant than direct outputs. | diurnal variations in the incidence of events such as heart attack and stroke suggest a role for circadian rhythms in the etiology of cardiovascular disease. the aim of this study was to assess the influence of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) circadian clock on cardiovascular function. | 2010 | 20339544 |
| when and how to investigate the patient with headache. | the common complaint of headache usually has a benign cause, most often a primary headache syndrome. the history and neurologic and general physical examinations usually permit a definitive diagnosis. when in doubt, diagnostic testing is indicated. certain historical and examination findings increase the likelihood of a secondary headache disorder and the need for diagnostic testing. these include (1) recent head or neck injury; (2) a new, worse, worsening, or abrupt onset headache; (3) headache ... | 2010 | 20352583 |
| dysfunction of the scn8a voltage-gated sodium channel alters sleep architecture, reduces diurnal corticosterone levels, and enhances spatial memory. | voltage-gated sodium channels (vgscs) are responsible for the initiation and propagation of transient depolarizing currents and play a critical role in the electrical signaling between neurons. a null mutation in the vgsc gene scn8a, which encodes the transmembrane protein na(v)1.6, was identified previously in a human family. heterozygous mutation carriers displayed a range of phenotypes, including ataxia, cognitive deficits, and emotional instability. a possible role for scn8a was also propose ... | 2010 | 20353942 |
| arntl (bmal1) and npas2 gene variants contribute to fertility and seasonality. | circadian clocks guide the metabolic, cell-division, sleep-wake, circadian and seasonal cycles. abnormalities in these clocks may be a health hazard. circadian clock gene polymorphisms have been linked to sleep, mood and metabolic disorders. our study aimed to examine polymorphisms in four key circadian clock genes in relation to seasonal variation, reproduction and well-being in a sample that was representative of the general population, aged 30 and over, living in finland. | 2010 | 20368993 |
| uncovering residual effects of chronic sleep loss on human performance. | sleep loss leads to profound performance decrements. yet many individuals believe they adapt to chronic sleep loss or that recovery requires only a single extended sleep episode. to evaluate this, we designed a protocol whereby the durations of sleep and wake episodes were increased to 10 and 32.85 hours, respectively, to yield a reduced sleep-to-wake ratio of 1:3.3. these sleep and wake episodes were distributed across all circadian phases, enabling measurement of the effects of acute and chron ... | 2010 | 20371466 |
| reduced amygdala activity during aversive conditioning in human narcolepsy. | narcolepsy with cataplexy is a sleep-wake disorder caused by a loss of hypothalamic hypocretins. here we assessed the time course of amygdala activation during aversive conditioning in unmedicated patients with narcolepsy. unlike healthy matched control subjects, narcolepsy patients had no enhancement of amygdala response to conditioned stimuli and no increase in functional coupling between the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex. these findings suggest that human narcolepsy is accompanied by ... | 2010 | 20373351 |
| mapping the binding pocket of dual antagonist almorexant to human orexin 1 and orexin 2 receptors: comparison with the selective ox1 antagonist sb-674042 and the selective ox2 antagonist n-ethyl-2-[(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-(toluene-2-sulfonyl)-amino]-n-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-acetamide (empa). | the orexins and their receptors are involved in the regulation of arousal and sleep-wake cycle. clinical investigation with almorexant has indicated that this dual ox antagonist is efficacious in inducing and maintaining sleep. using site-directed mutagenesis, beta(2)-adrenergic-based ox(1) and ox(2) modeling, we have determined important molecular determinants of the ligand-binding pocket of ox(1) and ox(2). the conserved residues asp(45.51), trp(45.54), tyr(5.38), phe(5.42), tyr(5.47), tyr(6.4 ... | 2010 | 20404073 |
| spatial probing of the properties of the human hair surface using wilhelmy force profiles. | the natural surface of human hair (epicuticle) consists of a bilayer of heavily cross-linked proteins toward the individual cuticle cell inside combined with a monomolecular, hydrophobic layer of mixed fatty acids to the outside (f-layer), which is generally assumed to be homogeneous. wetting force profiles along segments of hair from female test persons with lengths equivalent to about 1 month of growth (approximately 10 mm) are presented. in a multistep analysis, applying curve smoothing as we ... | 2010 | 20408523 |
| sleep restriction for the duration of a work week impairs multitasking performance. | it is important to develop shift schedules that minimise the chance for sleep-related human error in safety-critical domains. experimental data on the effects of sleep restriction (sr) play a key role in this development work. in order to provide such data, we conducted an experiment in which cognitively demanding and long-duration task performance, simulating task performance at work, was measured under sr and following recovery. twenty healthy male volunteers, aged 19-29 years, participated in ... | 2010 | 20408942 |
| a new system for analyzing swim fin propulsion based on human kinematic data. | the use of swim fins has become popular in various water sport activities. while numerous models of swim fin with various innovative shapes have been subjectively designed, the exact influence of the fin characteristics on swimming performance is still much debated, and remains difficult to quantify. to date, the most common approach for evaluating swim fin propulsion is based on the study of "swimmer-fins" as a global system, where physiological and/or biomechanical responses are considered. ho ... | 2010 | 20409550 |
| human phase response curves to three days of daily melatonin: 0.5 mg versus 3.0 mg. | phase response curves (prcs) to melatonin exist, but none compare different doses of melatonin using the same protocol. | 2010 | 20410229 |
| [variant creutzfeld-jakob disease (vcjd) : epidemiology and prevention from human to human secondary transmission]. | in the wake of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) epidemic, variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease (vcjd) has emerged as a previously unknown prion disease of humans. the initial occurrence of vcjd was observed in 1995/1996, and, so far, a total of 219 vcjd cases have been reported worldwide from seven european and four non-european countries. of these, 172 cases were observed in the united kingdom. the exact prevalence of sub- or pre-clinical vcjd infections is unclear. despite effective mea ... | 2010 | 20449549 |
| new approaches for the study of orexin function. | orexin is a neuropeptide produced by a specific subset of neurones located in the lateral hypothalamic area. mice lacking either prepro-orexin or orexin receptor 2, as well as those in which orexin-producing neurones (orexin neurones) are deleted, share a common phenotype: altered sleep-wake regulation and the sudden onset of muscle atonia. these symptoms are similar to the human sleep disorder narcolepsy. in this review, we describe recent advances in the study of orexin function with a particu ... | 2010 | 20456607 |
| weak evidence of bright light effects on human lh and fsh. | abstract: | 2010 | 20459826 |
| characterization of the 3xtg-ad mouse model of alzheimer's disease: part 1. circadian changes. | circadian disturbances, including a fragmented sleep-wake pattern and sundowning, are commonly reported early in the progression of alzheimer's disease (ad). these changes are distinctly different from those observed in non-pathological aging. transgenic models of ad are a promising tool in understanding the underlying mechanisms and cause of disease. a novel triple-transgenic model of ad, 3xtg-ad, is the only model to exhibit both abeta and tau pathology, and mimic human ad. the present study c ... | 2010 | 20471965 |
| an avoidable death in police custody? | an obviously inebriated 36-year-old man was found in a helpless condition on a pavement. when he was brought to a police station, a doctor certified the individual to be fit to be held in custody. he was unresponsive when the officers tried to wake him the next morning but was allowed to sleep on until he was found dead in his cell at mid day. an autopsy revealed as cause of death an epidural hematoma and cerebral contusion with fracture of the calvarium. the expert report stressed the point tha ... | 2010 | 20473142 |
| maturation of sleep-wake gonadotrophin-releasing hormone secretion across puberty in girls: potential mechanisms and relevance to the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. | neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying the progression of sleep-wake gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) pulse secretion across puberty have remained enigmatic. here, the changes of sleep-wake luteinising hormone (lh) (and, by inference, gnrh) pulse secretion across puberty in normal girls are reviewed, primarily focusing on available human data. it is suggested that the primary control of gnrh pulse frequency changes across puberty, with sex steroid feedback exerting minimal control during chi ... | 2010 | 20492363 |
| public talks and science listens: a community-based participatory approach to characterizing environmental health risk perceptions and assessing recovery needs in the wake of hurricanes katrina and rita. | in response to the human health threats stemming from hurricanes katrina and rita, inter-disciplinary working groups representing p30-funded centers of the national institute environmental health sciences were created to assess threats posed by mold, harmful alga blooms, chemical toxicants, and various infectious agents at selected sites throughout the hurricane impact zone. because of proximity to impacted areas, utmb niehs center in environmental toxicology was charged with coordinating direct ... | 2009 | 20508756 |
| ethicolegal aspects of cancer genetics. | in the wake of efficacious preventive interventions based on hereditary cancer risk assessment, a number of ethical and legal challenges have emerged. these include issues such as appropriate testing of children and embryos, the "duty to warn" relatives about familial risk, reproductive genetic testing, the risk of genetic discrimination, and equitable access to testing. these and other issues will be discussed within the framework of a bioethical model, with reference to recent case law. | 2010 | 20517685 |
| transient receptor potential channels: what's happening? reflections in the wake of the 2009 trp meeting, karolinska institutet, stockholm. | more than 150 participants from 25 countries gathered in stockholm during 25(th) to 27(th) sept 2009 to attend the meeting "trp channels: from sensory signaling to human disease" and enjoyed an international, intensive and vibrant meeting. this meeting shed lights on the recent advances made in this field of research in different sectors of biology, and identified directions for future research and the areas where trp channels could be used as potential targets for prevention and treatment of hu ... | 2010 | 20519936 |
| large-scale microelectrode recordings of high-frequency gamma oscillations in human cortex during sleep. | gamma oscillations (40-120 hz), usually associated with waking functions, can be recorded in the deepest stages of sleep in animals. the full details of their large-scale coordination across multiple cortical networks are still unknown. furthermore, it is not known whether oscillations with similar characteristics are also present in the human brain. in this study, we examined the existence of gamma oscillations during polysomnographically defined sleep-wake states using large-scale microelectro ... | 2010 | 20534826 |
| effectiveness of diflubenzuron in the control of houseflies. | houseflies are one of the major pest problems worldwide. the current housefly control strategy in the country hinges on the use of dichlorvos as a housefly larvicide and pyrethrum spray in kitchens/dining areas. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the newer housefly control options in the wake of concerns about human toxicity of dichlorvos and its continued use in public health. | 2010 | 20539047 |
| expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and period 1 (per1) clock gene products in different sleep stages of patients with cognitive impairment. | circadian and sleep disturbances are common behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia; circadian rhythm-related molecules may be altered in dementia patients. this study investigated the expression of the period 1 clock gene product (per1), which is involved in circadian rhythms, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), thought to generate nitric oxide, important in rapid eye movement (rem) sleep regulation. specifically, we investigated the difference in expression of these two gene ... | 2010 | 20541418 |
| enhancing plasticity through repeated rtms sessions: the benefits of a night of sleep. | previous work has demonstrated that corticospinal facilitation from 20hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms) was greater during a second rtms session 24h after the first. we sought to determine whether such metaplasticity is dependent on a particular phase of the normal sleep-wake/circadian cycle. | 2010 | 20541968 |
| age-related changes during a paradigm of chronic sleep restriction. | fragmented and restricted sleep is a common problem for the human elderly. there is evidence that aging impairs sleep in animals as well. after sleep deprivation, older animals have less sleep rebound. despite increasing complaints of reduced time for sleep in contemporary society, few studies have examined chronic sleep restriction protocols in animals. therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of chronic sleep restriction on the sleep patterns of aged rats. using the ... | 2010 | 20580748 |
| sleep-wakefulness in alcohol preferring and non-preferring rats following binge alcohol administration. | the alcohol-preferring (p) rat is a valid animal model of alcoholism. however, the effect of alcohol on sleep in p or alcohol non-preferring (np) rats is unknown. since alcohol consumption has tremendous impact on sleep, the present study compared the effects of binge alcohol administration on sleep-wakefulness in p and np rats. using standard surgical procedures, the p and np rats were bilaterally implanted with sleep recording electrodes. following post-operative recovery and habituation, pre- ... | 2010 | 20621165 |
| orexin-b-saporin lesions in the lateral hypothalamus enhance photic masking of rapid eye movement sleep in the albino rat. | the 24-h distribution of rapid eye movement (rem) sleep is known to be deeply reshaped among albino rats with neurotoxic lesions in the lateral hypothalamus (lh) or among rodent models of human narcolepsy-cataplexy, with selective damage of orexinergic neurones. we explored the hypothesis that this phenomenon is explained by an enhancement of rem sleep photic masking, as a consequence of damage in the lh. orexin-b-saporin neurotoxic lesions were induced in the lh of male sprague-dawley rats. lh- ... | 2011 | 20626614 |
| the evolution of cd4+ t cell cytometry in perspective: challenges for resource poor settings. | cd4+ t cell cytometry antedated the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic. however it was in the wake of the hiv scourge that cd4+ t cell counting technology gradually evolved from a pure cellular research assay technique into a routine clinical diagnostic test. in the more than two and half decades of the hiv/aids pandemic, this cell based diagnostic test has undergone several phases of technological improvements in the efforts to produce cheaper and more robust equipment for the monitori ... | 2010 | 20632666 |
| mutual information analysis of eeg signals indicates age-related changes in cortical interdependence during sleep in middle-aged versus elderly women. | elderly subjects exhibit declining sleep efficiency parameters with longer time spent awake at night and greater sleep fragmentation. in this article, we report on the changes in cortical interdependence during sleep stages between 15 middle-aged (range: 42-50 years) and 15 elderly (range: 71-86 years) women subjects. cortical interdependence assessed from eeg signals typically exhibits increasing levels of correlation because human subjects progress from wake to deeper stages of sleep. eeg sign ... | 2010 | 20634711 |
| from bathymetry to bioshields: a review of post-tsunami ecological research in india and its implications for policy. | more than half a decade has passed since the december 26th 2004 tsunami hit the indian coast leaving a trail of ecological, economic and human destruction in its wake. we reviewed the coastal ecological research carried out in india in the light of the tsunami. in addition, we also briefly reviewed the ecological research in other tsunami affected countries in asia namely sri lanka, indonesia, thailand and maldives in order to provide a broader perspective of ecological research after tsunami. a ... | 2010 | 20640420 |
| cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 (orexin a) levels in mania compared to unipolar depression and healthy controls. | impairment of sleep-wake cycles and circadian rhythm are found in human narcolepsy which is characterized by deficiency of hypocretin (hcrt) or its receptors. a disturbed electroencephalography (eeg) based vigilance regulation is also found in affective disorders such as major depressive disorder (mdd) and mania. for the first time, in the present study hcrt levels were investigated in patients with a manic episode and compared with age-matched patients with mdd and controls. | 2010 | 20655364 |
| sex differences in phase angle of entrainment and melatonin amplitude in humans. | studies of sex differences in the timing of human circadian rhythms have reported conflicting results. this may be because the studies conducted to date have not controlled for the masking effects of the rest activity cycle on the circadian rhythms being assessed. in the present analysis of data collected under controlled conditions, we examined sex differences in the timing of circadian rhythms while minimizing masking from behavioral and environmental factors using a constant routine (cr) prot ... | 2010 | 20679498 |
| dietary modulation of drosophila sleep-wake behaviour. | a complex relationship exists between diet and sleep but despite its impact on human health, this relationship remains uncharacterized and poorly understood. drosophila melanogaster is an important model for the study of metabolism and behaviour, however the effect of diet upon drosophila sleep remains largely unaddressed. | 2010 | 20706579 |
| feelings of betrayal by the united nations high commissioner for refugees and emotionally distressed sudanese refugees in cairo. | thousands of sudanese refugees have fled to cairo, egypt in the wake of sudanese civil conflicts. sudanese refugees were evaluated with respect to symptoms of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) and social stress. four respondents (22%) indicated that their interactions with the united nations high commissioner for refugees (unhcr) in cairo, egypt were the worst experiences since war-related atrocities. fourteen participants (63.6%) felt 'extremely' betrayed by the unhcr on a four ... | 2010 | 20718287 |
| viral dna contamination is responsible for epstein-barr virus detection in cytotoxic t lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with epstein-barr virus b-lymphoblastoid cell line. | epstein-barr virus (ebv)-transformed b-lymphoblastoid cell lines (lcls) are used to prepare human ebv-specific t lymphocytes (ebv-ctl) in vitro. within an lcl, up to 5-7% the cells release infectious ebv, and this has fostered safety concerns for therapeutic applications because of the exposure of t cells to ebv. the release of infectious viruses can be prevented by ganciclovir, but this drug may seriously affect lcl growth. in the wake of these concerns, the present work was designed to compile ... | 2010 | 20809356 |
| cerebrospinal fluid histamine levels are decreased in patients with narcolepsy and excessive daytime sleepiness of other origin. | histaminergic neurons of the hypothalamic tuberomammillary nucleus constitute a major wake-promoting system. in animals, cerebrospinal fluid (csf) histamine levels are increased during wakefulness and after sleep deprivation and decreased during sleep. an involvement of the histamine system in human disorders has not, to our knowledge, been reported. we measured hypocretin-1 and histamine levels in the lumbar csf of 28 patients with and without excessive daytime sleepiness (eds) as assessed by t ... | 2010 | 20846244 |
| discovery of histamine h3 antagonists for the treatment of cognitive disorders and alzheimer's disease. | h(3) antagonists increase the release of brain histamine, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, and dopamine, neurotransmitters that are known to modulate cognitive processes. the ability to release brain histamine supports the effect on attention and vigilance, but histamine also modulates other cognitive domains such as short-term and long-term memory. a number of h(3) antagonists, including 1-{3-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)propoxy]propyl}piperidine hydrochloride (bf2.649), (1r,3r)-n-ethyl-3-fluoro-3-[3-fluoro ... | 2010 | 20864505 |
| ontogenetic differences in adolescent and adult c57bl/6j and dba/2j mice: anxiety-like, locomotor, and consummatory behaviors. | adolescence is a highly conserved period during which mammals undergo a number of hormonal, biological, and behavioral changes [spear [2000] neurosci. biobehav. rev. 24: 417-463]. ethical constraints limit the research that can be done in human adolescents. rodents provide a useful model of at least some of the features of adolescence, including increases in body growth, differences in sleep/wake, and eating patterns, as well as differences in risk-taking, novelty seeking, and exploratory behavi ... | 2010 | 20886536 |
| directed organ donation: is the donor the owner? | the issue of directed donation of organs from deceased donors for transplantation has recently risen to the fore, given greater significance by the relatively stagnant rate of deceased donor donation in the uk. although its status and legitimacy is explicitly recognized across the usa, elsewhere a more cautious, if not entirely negative, stance has been taken. in england, wales and northern ireland, the human tissue act 2004, and in scotland the human tissue (scotland) act 2006, are both silent ... | 2008 | 20890462 |
| [sleep disturbances in smith-magenis syndrome: treatment with melatonin and beta-adrenergic antagonists]. | smith-magenis syndrome is a generic disorder, characterised by physical, neurological and behavioural features and caused by a 17p11.2 deletion. patients with this syndrome typically display an inversion of the sleep-wake cycle. in this article we describe clinical developments in a two-year-old girl with smith-magenis syndrome whose sleep problems were successfully treated with melatonin and beta-adrenergic blockers. we also mention relevant data obtained in our literature search. | 2010 | 20931486 |
| the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus: from basic neuroscience to neurosurgical applications : arousal from slices to humans: implications for dbs. | one element of the reticular activating system (ras) is the pedunculopontine nucleus (ppn), which projects to the thalamus to trigger thalamocortical rhythms and the brainstem to modulate muscle tone and locomotion. the ppn is a posterior midbrain site known to induce locomotion in decerebrate animals when activated at 40-60 hz, and has become a target for dbs in disorders involving gait deficits. we developed a research program using brainstem slices containing the ppn to study the cellular and ... | 2010 | 20936418 |
| diseased, maimed, mutilated: categorizations of disability and an ugly law in late nineteenth-century chicago. | the article places chicago's "ugly" law—an 1881 municipal ordinance that fined "any person who is diseased, maimed, mutilated or in any way deformed so as to be an unsightly or disgusting object" for appearing in public—within the context of late nineteenth-century imaginings of disability. drawing on the framework of disability studies, this paper demonstrates that nineteenth-century understandings of disability had little to do with the impairments of individuals but instead were tied to the s ... | 2010 | 20939141 |
| distinct clones of yersinia pestis caused the black death. | from ad 1347 to ad 1353, the black death killed tens of millions of people in europe, leaving misery and devastation in its wake, with successive epidemics ravaging the continent until the 18(th) century. the etiology of this disease has remained highly controversial, ranging from claims based on genetics and the historical descriptions of symptoms that it was caused by yersinia pestis to conclusions that it must have been caused by other pathogens. it has also been disputed whether plague had t ... | 2010 | 20949072 |
| considerations on the new epidemic outbreak of human leptospirosis in greater recife, brasil, in 1975. | abstract- a brief report was presented on a new outbreak of leptospirosis among the population of greater recife in 1975 in the wake of the floods that struck the city and its survivors in july of that year. a total of 107 cases were recorded, of which 105 were identified by sero-agglutination and 2 by hemoculture. once again the serotype icterohaemorrhagiae was the predominant etiological agent, having been found in 55 cases, followed by ballum in 18, grippotyphosa in 9, and pyrogenes in 8 case ... | 1981 | 20958480 |
| assaying locomotor activity to study circadian rhythms and sleep parameters in drosophila. | most life forms exhibit daily rhythms in cellular, physiological and behavioral phenomena that are driven by endogenous circadian (≡24 hr) pacemakers or clocks. malfunctions in the human circadian system are associated with numerous diseases or disorders. much progress towards our understanding of the mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms has emerged from genetic screens whereby an easily measured behavioral rhythm is used as a read-out of clock function. studies using drosophila have made sem ... | 2010 | 20972399 |
| keeping time in your sleep: overnight consolidation of temporal rhythm. | temporal processing forms the basis of a vast number of human behaviours, from simple perception and action to tasks like locomotion, playing a musical instrument, and understanding language. growing evidence suggests that these procedural skills are consolidated during sleep, however investigation of such learning has focused upon the order in which movements are made rather than their temporal dynamics. here, we use psychophysics and neuroimaging to explore the possibility that temporal aspect ... | 2010 | 20974158 |
| dqb1*0602 predicts interindividual differences in physiologic sleep, sleepiness, and fatigue. | the human leukocyte antigen (hla) dqb1*0602 allele is closely associated with narcolepsy, a neurologic disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, fragmented sleep, and shortened rem sleep latency. we evaluated whether dqb1*0602 was a novel marker of interindividual differences by determining its relationship to sleep homeostatic, sleepiness, and cognitive responses to baseline and chronic partial sleep deprivation (psd) conditions. | 2010 | 20975052 |
| poisonous milk and sinful mothers: the changing meaning of breastfeeding in the wake of the hiv epidemic in addis ababa, ethiopia. | abstract: | 2010 | 20977711 |
| bilateral thalamic stroke transiently reduces arousals and nrem sleep instability. | the vascularization of the human thalami is supplied by many perforating arteries, which exhibit complex distribution and many possible individual variations. one rare variant is the artery of percheron that supplies the paramedian thalami bilaterally. its ictal occlusion may result in a symmetric paramedian infarction, which generally leads to impairment of consciousness associated with hypersomnia. our aim is to describe in detail sleep-wake schedules, sleep structure and microstructure in a 6 ... | 2010 | 21059468 |
| [shiftwork related problems in hospital workers]. | shift and night work are one of the most important risk factors for health and well-being of hospital workers, in relation to interference at biological (perturbation of the sleep/wake cycle and circadian rhythms), occupational (impaired performance, errors, accidents), health (digestive, neuropsychological, cardiovascular disorders and, probably, cancer) and social (work/family conflicts) level. such negative effects show a high interindividual variability due to several interacting factors, de ... | 2010 | 21061721 |
| motor unit recruitment in human genioglossus muscle in response to hypercapnia. | single motor unit recordings of the genioglossus (gg) muscle indicate that gg motor units have a variety of discharge patterns, including units that have higher discharge rates during inspiration (inspiratory phasic and inspiratory tonic), or expiration (expiratory phasic and expiratory tonic), or do not modify their rate with respiration (tonic). previous studies have shown that an increase in gg muscle activity is a consequence of increased activity in inspiratory units. however, there are dif ... | 2010 | 21102995 |
| the right to fashion in the age of terrorism. | as part of a feminist commitment to collaboration, this article appears as a companion essay to mimi thi nguyen's "the biopower of beauty: humanitarian imperialisms and global feminisms" and offers a point of departure for thinking about fashion and beauty as processes that produce subjects recruited to, and aligned with, the national interests of the united states in the war on terror. the muslim woman in the veil and her imagined opposite in the fashionably modern - and implicitly western - wo ... | 2011 | 21114081 |
| power law versus exponential state transition dynamics: application to sleep-wake architecture. | despite the common experience that interrupted sleep has a negative impact on waking function, the features of human sleep-wake architecture that best distinguish sleep continuity versus fragmentation remain elusive. in this regard, there is growing interest in characterizing sleep architecture using models of the temporal dynamics of sleep-wake stage transitions. in humans and other mammals, the state transitions defining sleep and wake bout durations have been described with exponential and po ... | 2010 | 21151998 |
| time will tell: community acceptability of hiv vaccine research before and after the "step study" vaccine discontinuation. | objective: this study examines whether men-who-have-sex-with-men (msm) and transgender (tg) persons' attitudes, beliefs, and risk perceptions toward human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) vaccine research have been altered as a result of the negative findings from a phase 2b hiv vaccine study. design: we conducted a cross-sectional survey among msm and tg persons (n = 176) recruited from community settings in atlanta from 2007 to 2008. the first group was recruited during an active phase 2b hiv vacc ... | 2010 | 21152413 |
| adaptive sleep-wake discrimination for wearable devices. | sleep/wake classification systems that rely on physiological signals suffer from intersubject differences that make accurate classification with a single, subject-independent model difficult. to overcome the limitations of intersubject variability, we suggest a novel online adaptation technique that updates the sleep/wake classifier in real time. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of a newly developed adaptive classification algorithm that was embedded on a wearab ... | 2010 | 21172750 |
| incorporation of caffeine into a quantitative model of fatigue and sleep. | a recent physiologically based model of human sleep is extended to incorporate the effects of caffeine on sleep-wake timing and fatigue. the model includes the sleep-active neurons of the hypothalamic ventrolateral preoptic area (vlpo), the wake-active monoaminergic brainstem populations (ma), their interactions with cholinergic/orexinergic (ach/orx) input to ma, and circadian and homeostatic drives. we model two effects of caffeine on the brain due to competitive antagonism of adenosine (ad): ( ... | 2010 | 21176782 |
| stochastic resonance modulates neural synchronization within and between cortical sources. | neural synchronization is a mechanism whereby functionally specific brain regions establish transient networks for perception, cognition, and action. direct addition of weak noise (fast random fluctuations) to various neural systems enhances synchronization through the mechanism of stochastic resonance (sr). moreover, sr also occurs in human perception, cognition, and action. perception, cognition, and action are closely correlated with, and may depend upon, synchronized oscillations within spec ... | 2010 | 21179552 |
| timing of sleep and its relationship with the endogenous melatonin rhythm. | while much research has investigated the effects of exogenous melatonin on sleep, less is known about the relationship between the timing of the endogenous melatonin rhythm and the sleep-wake cycle. significant inter-individual variability in the phase relationship between sleep and melatonin rhythms has been reported although the extent to which the variability reflects intrinsic and/or environmental differences is unknown. we examined the effects of different sleeping schedules on the time of ... | 2010 | 21188265 |
| human resources. wake up to your true potential. | 2010 | 21189733 |