Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [recurrences in clostridium difficile infections in cancer patients]. | 2016 | 27293195 | |
| development and validation of a risk score for clostridium difficile infection in medicare beneficiaries: a population-based cohort study. | to create a risk stratification score for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in elderly adults. | 2016 | 27295521 |
| pleural empyema caused by salmonella enteritidis in a patient with non-hodgkin lymphoma. | extraintestinal manifestations of nontyphoidal salmonellosis are usually seen in patients with cellular immunodeficiency. pleural empyema caused by nontyphoidal salmonella is very rare clinical presentation of salmonellosis and there are just a few cases described in a literature. we presented a very rare case of pleural empyema caused by salmonella enteritidis in a patient with non-hodgkin limphoma. | 2016 | 27295915 |
| maldi-tof ms is more accurate than vitek ii anc card and api rapid id 32 a system for the identification of clostridium species. | all 50 clostridium difficile strains were definitely identified by vitek2 system, rapid id 32a system, and maldi-tof. for 18 non-difficile clostridium strains, the identification results were correct in 0, 2, and 17 strains by vitek2, rapid id 32a, and maldi-tof, respectively. maldi-tof could be used as the primary tool for identification of clostridium species. | 2016 | 27296834 |
| control of clostridium difficile physiopathology in response to cysteine availability. | the pathogenicity of clostridium difficile is linked to its ability to produce two toxins: tcda and tcdb. the level of toxin synthesis is influenced by environmental signals, such as phosphotransferase system (pts) sugars, biotin, and amino acids, especially cysteine. to understand the molecular mechanisms of cysteine-dependent repression of toxin production, we reconstructed the sulfur metabolism pathways of c. difficile strain 630 in silico and validated some of them by testing c. difficile gr ... | 2016 | 27297391 |
| inflammatory bowel disease: a descriptive study of 716 local chilean patients. | to demographically and clinically characterize inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) from the local registry and update data previously published by our group. | 2016 | 27298570 |
| safety of high-dose doripenem in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. | high doses of β-lactam antibiotics have been advocated for acute pulmonary exacerbations caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) secondary to high minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of the infecting organisms. some β-lactam antibiotics have increased elimination in cf patients. this case series examines the safety of high-dose doripenem (hdd), 2 g intravenously every 8 hours, which is 4 times the labeled dose, in cf patients. | 2016 | 27298719 |
| prevention program for clostridium difficile infection: a single-centre serbian experience. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) diarrhea is a common, iatrogenic, nosocomial disease with a worldwide diffusion. recent studies reported that the incidence of c. difficile infection (cdi) is rising, due to aging of the population and to greater prevalence of hypervirulent strains. we investigated whether the application of a prevention program lead to a decline in the incidence of intrahospital cdi. | 2016 | 27302331 |
| mucoadhesive microparticles for local treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. | mucoadhesive microparticles formulated in a capsule and delivered to the gastrointestinal tract might be useful for local drug delivery. however, swelling and agglomeration of hydrophilic polymers in the gastrointestinal milieu can have a negative influence on particle retention of mucoadhesive microparticles. in this work, we investigated the impact of dry-coating with nano-sized hydrophilic fumed silica on dispersibility and particle retention of mucoadhesive microparticles. as a model for loc ... | 2016 | 27302556 |
| incidence and outcome of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease in the uk. | previous studies have reported that clostridium difficile infection [cdi] is more common, and has a worse outcome, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [ibd] than in those without. we have now reassessed the incidence and outcome of cdi in in-patients with and without ibd, and the outcomes of admissions for ibd patients with and without cdi. | 2017 | 27302972 |
| active and secretory iga-coated bacterial fractions elucidate dysbiosis in clostridium difficile infection. | the onset of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has been associated with treatment with wide-spectrum antibiotics. antibiotic treatment alters the activity of gut commensals and may result in modified patterns of immune responses to pathogens. to study these mechanisms during cdi, we separated bacteria with high cellular rna content (the active bacteria) and their inactive counterparts by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (facs) of the fecal bacterial suspension. the gut dysbiosis due to th ... | 2016 | 27303742 |
| chlorhexidine bathing effects on health-care-associated infections. | health-care-associated infections (hais), infections that patients contract during the course of their hospitalization, are receiving a growing amount of attention. heavy skin bacterial colonization aids in the transmission and development of hais. nurses frequently use bathing with chlorhexidine gluconate (chg) to reduce patients' cutaneous microbial burden. this intervention has been shown to have promising but mixed results in the prevention of hais. | 2017 | 27306279 |
| [infection control and safety culture in german hospitals]. | healthcare-associated infections (hai) are the most frequent adverse events in the healthcare setting and their prevention is an important contribution to patient safety in hospitals. | 2016 | 27306879 |
| immunoglobulin a vasculitis complicated with clostridium difficile infection: a rare case report and brief review of the literature. | immunoglobulin a (iga) vasculitis, formerly called henoch-schönlein purpura, is a leukocytoclastic type of vasculitis affecting small vessels with a deposition of immune iga complexes, clinically characterized by the classic tetrad of nonthrombocytopenic palpable purpura, arthralgia (or arthritis), and gastrointestinal and renal involvement. although the cause of the disease remains unknown, immune complexes of iga and unidentified antigens seem to play a central pathogenic role. the diagnosis i ... | 2016 | 27308656 |
| evaluating the effectiveness of an antimicrobial stewardship program on reducing the incidence rate of healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection: a non-randomized, stepped wedge, single-site, observational study. | the incidence rate of healthcare-associated clostridium difficile infection (ha-cdi) is estimated at 1 in 100 patients. antibiotic exposure is the most consistently reported risk factor for ha-cdi. strategies to reduce the risk of ha-cdi have focused on reducing antibiotic utilization. prospective audit and feedback is a commonly used antimicrobial stewardship intervention (asi). the impact of this asi on risk of ha-cdi is equivocal. this study examines the effectiveness of a prospective audit a ... | 2016 | 27309536 |
| characteristics of the clostridium difficile cell envelope and its importance in therapeutics. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a challenging threat to human health. infections occur after disruption of the normal microbiota, most commonly through the use of antibiotics. current treatment for cdi largely relies on the broad-spectrum antibiotics vancomycin and metronidazole that further disrupt the microbiota resulting in frequent recurrence, highlighting the need for c. difficile-specific antimicrobials. the cell surface of c. difficile represents a promising target for the develo ... | 2017 | 27311697 |
| a mlst clade 2 clostridium difficile strain with a variant tcdb induces severe inflammatory and oxidative response associated with mucosal disruption. | the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infections is highly dynamic as new strains continue to emerge worldwide. here we present a detailed analysis of a new c. difficile strain (icc-45) recovered from a cancer patient in brazil that died from severe diarrhea. a polyphasic approach assigned a new pcr-ribotype and pfge macrorestriction pattern to strain icc-45, which is toxigenic (tcda(+), tcdb(+) and ctdb(+)) and classified as st41 from mlst clade 2 and toxinotype ixb. strain icc-45 encodes f ... | 2016 | 27311833 |
| comparison of the vidas c. difficile and quik chek-60 glutamate dehydrogenase assays for the detection of clostridium difficile in faecal samples. | 2016 | 27311869 | |
| role of binary toxin in the outcome of clostridium difficile infection in a non-027 ribotype setting - corrigendum. | 2016 | 27312805 | |
| evolution of an audit and monitoring tool into an infection prevention and control process. | in 2010, an infection prevention and control team in an acute hospital trust integrated an audit and monitoring tool (amt) into the management regime for patients with clostridium difficile infection (cdi). | 2016 | 27313140 |
| diagnosing clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea using enzyme immunoassay: the clinical significance of toxin negativity in glutamate dehydrogenase-positive patients. | the enzyme immunoassay (eia) has lower sensitivity for clostridium difficile toxins a and b than the polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of c. difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad). furthermore, toxin positivity with eia performed on c. difficile isolates from stool cultures may be observed even in patients with eia glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh)-positive and toxin-negative stool specimens. it is unclear whether such patients should be treated as having cdad. | 2016 | 27313472 |
| clostridium difficile infections amongst patients with haematological malignancies: a data linkage study. | identify risk factors for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and assess cdi outcomes among australian patients with a haematological malignancy. | 2016 | 27314498 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation via fluoroscopy-guided nasojejunal catheter placement: indications, technique, and the role of radiology. | clostridium difficile is a well-established cause of nosocomial gastrointestinal disease. although antibiotics remain an effective first-line treatment for c. difficile colitis (cdc), relapse and recurrence are common. fmt has emerged as one of the safest and most effective known therapies available for recurrent or refractory cdc, which is likely due to restoration of the protective microbiotic barrier of the gastrointestinal tract. fmt varies greatly across institutions by route of delivery, d ... | 2016 | 27315076 |
| positive predictive value of the immunoassay for clostridium difficile toxin a and b detection at a private hospital. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) is a gram-positive bacillus that is a common cause of diarrhea in the hospital environment, with a documented incidence of up to 10%. there are different methods to detect it, but a widely used test in our environment is the immunoassay for toxins a and b. | 2016 | 27316592 |
| clostridium difficile infection control monitoring tightened. | infection control teams must now report cases of clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea (cdad) in all patients aged two years and over. | 2007 | 27316610 |
| epidemiological and economic burden of clostridium difficile in the united states: estimates from a modeling approach. | despite a large increase in clostridium difficile infection (cdi) severity, morbidity and mortality in the us since the early 2000s, cdi burden estimates have had limited generalizability and comparability due to widely varying clinical settings, populations, or study designs. | 2016 | 27316794 |
| effects of high-pressure treatment on spores of clostridium species. | this work analyzes the high-pressure (hp) germination of spores of the food-borne pathogen clostridium perfringens (with inner membrane [im] germinant receptors [grs]) and the opportunistic pathogen clostridium difficile (with no im grs), which has growing implications as an emerging food safety threat. in contrast to those of spores of bacillus species, mechanisms of hp germination of clostridial spores have not been well studied. hp treatments trigger bacillus spore germination through spores' ... | 2016 | 27316969 |
| the cellular lipids of romboutsia. | we have examined the lipids of three isolates, romboutsia lituseburensis, romboutsia ilealis, and romboutsia sp. strain frifi, of the newly described genus romboutsia by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (2d-tlc) and by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (lc/ms). we have found three phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol (pg), cardiolipin and phosphatidic acid in all three species. a fourth phospholipid, lysyl-pg, was found in r. lituseburensis and strain frifi. polyprenyl-phosphates w ... | 2016 | 27317428 |
| reduction of antibiotic resistance genes in intestinal microbiota of patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection after fecal microbiota transplantation. | 2016 | 27317794 | |
| hospitalized patients with heart failure and common bacterial infections: a nationwide analysis of concomitant clostridium difficile infection rates and in-hospital mortality. | patients with heart failure (hf) are frequently hospitalized with common bacterial infections. it is unknown whether they experience concomitant clostridium difficile infection (cdi) more frequently than patients without hf, and whether cdi affects their mortality. | 2016 | 27317844 |
| efficacy of oral vancomycin in preventing recurrent clostridium difficile infection in patients treated with systemic antimicrobial agents. | we compared rates of recurrent clostridium difficile infection in patients receiving or not receiving oral vancomycin prophylaxis with systemic antimicrobial therapy. the incidence of c. difficile infection was significantly lower in patients receiving prophylaxis (4.2% vs 26.6% in those without prophylaxis; odds ratio, 0.12; 95% confidence interval, .04-.4; p < .001). | 2016 | 27318333 |
| [changes in the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection during 2005-2014 in salamanca, spain]. | to know the most relevant epidemiological features of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) between 2005- 2014 in the province of salamanca (spain). | 2016 | 27318459 |
| clostridium difficile infection in patients hospitalized with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its impact on morbidity, mortality, and the costs of inpatient care. | type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm) is often complicated by infections leading to hospitalization, increased morbidity, and mortality. not much is known about the impact of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) on health outcomes in hospitalized patients with t2dm. we estimated the prevalence and temporal trends of cdi; evaluated the associations between cdi and in-hospital mortality, length of stay (los), and the costs of inpatient care; and compared the impact of cdi with that of other infections ... | 2016 | 27321318 |
| the economic burden of hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection: a population-based matched cohort study. | background high-quality cost estimates for hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection (cdi) are vital evidence for healthcare policy and decision-making. objective to evaluate the costs attributable to hospital-acquired cdi from the healthcare payer perspective. methods we conducted a population-based propensity-score matched cohort study of incident hospitalized subjects diagnosed with cdi (those with the international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 1 ... | 2016 | 27322606 |
| evaluation of the xtag gastrointestinal pathogen panel assay for the detection of enteric pathogens in kuwait. | to evaluate the utility of the luminex xtag gastrointestinal pathogen panel (gpp) assay in the detection of enteric pathogens from diarrheal stool samples in kuwait. | 2017 | 27322647 |
| comparison of enzyme immunoassays and rapid diagnostic tests for clostridium difficile glutamate dehydrogenase and toxin a + b to toxinogenic culture on a highly selective chromogenic medium. | to compare clostridium. (c.) difficile toxin a/b and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) enzyme immunoassays or rapid diagnostic tests to toxinogenic culture on recently described highly selective agar plates. five hundred consecutive samples sent in for c. difficile diagnostics were tested by toxin a/b enzyme immunoassay (eia) and rapid diagnostic test (rdt), gdh eia and rdt, and culture on chromid c. difficile plates for 48 hrs, with toxin testing from culture if the toxin eia from feces was negativ ... | 2016 | 27323765 |
| outcomes associated with observation stays versus inpatient admissions for pulmonary embolism. | changes in reimbursement policies have led to an increased use of observation stays in the united states (us). we sought to compare outcomes among pulmonary embolism (pe) patients managed through observation stays or inpatient admissions.the premier perspective comparative hospital database was used to identify patients with a primary international classification of diseases, ninth-edition diagnosis of pe (415.1×) from 11/2012-3/2015. patients were required to have claims for ≥1 diagnostic tests ... | 2016 | 27324143 |
| antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in emergency department observation unit patients. | clostridium difficile diarrhoea is an urgent threat to patients, but little is known about the role of antibiotic administration that starts in emergency department observation units (edous). we studied risk factors for antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad) and c. difficile infection (cdi) in edou patients. this prospective cohort study enrolled adult patients discharged after edou antibiotic treatment between january 2013 and 2014. we obtained medical histories, edou treatment and occurrence of ... | 2016 | 27324463 |
| erratum for marín et al., clostridium difficile isolates with high linezolid mics harbor the multiresistance gene cfr. | 2016 | 27325817 | |
| role of the microbiome, probiotics, and 'dysbiosis therapy' in critical illness. | loss of 'health-promoting' microbes and overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria (dysbiosis) in icu is believed to contribute to nosocomial infections, sepsis, and organ failure (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome). this review discusses new understanding of icu dysbiosis, new data for probiotics and fecal transplantation in icu, and new data characterizing the icu microbiome. | 2016 | 27327243 |
| using multiplex molecular testing to determine the etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children. | to detect the etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis (age) in children using broad molecular-based techniques, and compare clinical presentations among etiologies. | 2016 | 27329497 |
| understanding the mechanisms of faecal microbiota transplantation. | this review summarizes mechanistic investigations in faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt), which has increasingly been adapted into clinical practice as treatment for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) that cannot be eliminated with antibiotics alone. administration of healthy donor faecal microbiota in this clinical situation results in its engraftment and restoration of normal gut microbial community structure and functionality. in this review, we consider several main mechanisms for fmt ... | 2016 | 27329806 |
| the signal sequence of the abundant extracellular metalloprotease ppep-1 can be used to secrete synthetic reporter proteins in clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is an opportunistic pathogen and the main cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. adherence of c. difficile to host cells is modulated by proteins present on the bacterial cell surface or secreted into the environment. cleavage of collagen-binding proteins is mediated by the zinc metalloprotease ppep-1, which was identified as one of the most abundant secreted proteins of c. difficile. here, we exploit the ppep-1 signal sequence to produce novel secreted enzymes. we have c ... | 2016 | 27333161 |
| correlation between fecal calprotectin levels, disease severity and the hypervirulent ribotype 027 strain in patients with clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is the most common infectious etiology of nosocomial diarrhea. fecal calprotectin (fc) is a sensitive marker of intestinal inflammation, found to be associated with enteric bacterial infections and inflammatory bowel disease. | 2016 | 27334992 |
| novel clostridium difficile anti-toxin (tcda and tcdb) humanized monoclonal antibodies demonstrate in vitro neutralization across a broad spectrum of clinical strains and in vivo potency in a hamster spore challenge model. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) infection (cdi) is the main cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated colitis and increased incidence of community-associated diarrhea in industrialized countries. at present, the primary treatment of cdi is antibiotic administration, which is effective but often associated with recurrence, especially in the elderly. pathogenic strains produce enterotoxin, toxin a (tcda), and cytotoxin, toxin b (tcdb), which are necessary for c. difficile induced diarrhea and ... | 2016 | 27336843 |
| clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming, toxin-secreting bacillus that has long been recognized to be the most common etiologic pathogen of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. c. difficile infection (cdi) is now the most common cause of health care-associated infections in the united states and accounts for 12% of these infections (magill ss et al., n engl j med370:1198-1208, 2014). among emerging pathogens of public health importance in the united states, cdi has the hig ... | 2016 | 27337475 |
| clostridium difficile infection: an emerging cause of death in the twenty-first century. | enterocolitis due to clostridium difficile is major emerging cause of death in the u.s. between 1999 and 2012, c. diff. deaths rose by a staggering almost ten-fold amount, to 7,739 from 793. this article has three goals. first, we present a demographic description of c. diff. mortality in the u.s. since 1999. second, we test a hypothesis that the increase in c. diff. deaths is due to population aging. we find that the emergence of this cause of death follows a proportional hazard pattern above a ... | 2016 | 27337554 |
| septins guide microtubule protrusions induced by actin-depolymerizing toxins like clostridium difficile transferase (cdt). | hypervirulent clostridium difficile strains, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, produce the actin-adp ribosylating toxin clostridium difficile transferase (cdt). cdt depolymerizes actin, causes formation of microtubule-based protrusions, and increases pathogen adherence. here, we show that septins (sept) are essential for cdt-induced protrusion formation. sept2, -6, -7, and -9 accumulate at predetermined protrusion sites and form collar-like structures at the base of pr ... | 2016 | 27339141 |
| clinical characterization of clostridium difficile infection in elderly patients. | 2016 | 27340722 | |
| microbiota-regulated il-25 increases eosinophil number to provide protection during clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most common cause of hospital-acquired infection in the united states. host susceptibility and the severity of infection are influenced by disruption of the microbiota and the immune response. however, how the microbiota regulate immune responses to mediate cdi outcome remains unclear. here, we have investigated the role of the microbiota-linked cytokine il-25 during infection. intestinal il-25 was suppressed during cdi in humans and mice. restoration ... | 2016 | 27346351 |
| vital signs: preventing antibiotic-resistant infections in hospitals - united states, 2014. | healthcare-associated antibiotic-resistant (ar) infections increase patient morbidity and mortality and might be impossible to successfully treat with any antibiotic. cdc assessed healthcare-associated infections (hai), including clostridium difficile infections (cdi), and the role of six ar bacteria of highest concern nationwide in several types of healthcare facilities. | 2016 | 27348802 |
| impact of antimicrobial stewardship on outcomes in hospitalized veterans with pneumonia. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program (asp) on outcomes for inpatients with pneumonia, including length of stay, treatment duration, and 30-day readmission rates. | 2016 | 27349712 |
| clostridium difficile in food and animals: a comprehensive review. | zoonoses are infections or diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans through direct contact, close proximity or the environment. clostridium difficile is ubiquitous in the environment, and the bacterium is able to colonise the intestinal tract of both animals and humans. since domestic and food animals frequently test positive for toxigenic c. difficile, even without showing any signs of disease, it seems plausible that c. difficile could be zoonotic. therefore, animals could p ... | 2016 | 27350639 |
| false-positive clostridium difficile in negative-control reactions peak and then decrease with repetitive refrigeration of immunoassay. | aberrant false-positive reactions in negative-controls during elisa testing for clostridium difficile indicated the potential for false-diagnoses. experiments with 96-well products showed a maximum peak of false-positive immunoassay reactions with the provided negative-control reagents after 5 refrigeration-to-room temperature cycles (p < 0.001), decreasing thereafter with additional refrigeration cycles. because repetitive refrigeration causes a peak of false-positives, the use of single negati ... | 2014 | 27350964 |
| (1)h(n), (13)c, and (15)n resonance assignments of the cdtb-interacting domain (cdtabid) from the clostridium difficile binary toxin catalytic component (cdta, residues 1-221). | once considered a relatively harmless bacterium, clostridium difficile has become a major concern for healthcare facilities, now the most commonly reported hospital-acquired pathogen. c. difficile infection (cdi) is usually contracted when the normal gut microbiome is compromised by antibiotic therapy, allowing the opportunistic pathogen to grow and produce its toxins. the severity of infection ranges from watery diarrhea and abdominal cramping to pseudomembranous colitis, sepsis, or death. the ... | 2016 | 27351891 |
| deciphering adaptation strategies of the epidemic clostridium difficile 027 strain during infection through in vivo transcriptional analysis. | clostridium difficile is responsible for a wide spectrum of infection from asymptomatic carriage to severe, relapsing colitis. since 2003, c. difficile infections have increased with a higher morbidity and mortality due to the emergence of epidemic and hypervirulent c. difficile strains such as those of the epidemic lineage 027/bi/nap1. to decipher the hypervirulence and epidemicity of 027 strains, we analyzed gene expression profiles of the r20291 027 strain using a monoxenic mouse model during ... | 2016 | 27351947 |
| laboratory identification of anaerobic bacteria isolated on clostridium difficile selective medium. | despite increasing interest in the bacterium, the methodology for clostridium difficile recovery has not yet been standardized. cycloserine-cefoxitin fructose taurocholate (ccft) has historically been the most used medium for c. difficile isolation from human, animal, environmental, and food samples, and presumptive identification is usually based on colony morphologies. however, ccft is not totally selective. this study describes the recovery of 24 bacteria species belonging to 10 different gen ... | 2016 | 27352971 |
| risk factors for clostridium difficile diarrhea in patients with solid organ transplantation. | there is limited knowledge about specific risk factors for clostridium difficile infection (cdi). | 2016 | 27358344 |
| editorial commentary: potential risks and rewards with prophylaxis for clostridium difficile infection. | 2016 | 27358349 | |
| [relationship between clostridium difficile its-pcr type and pathogenicity]. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and nosocomial infection. the pcr of internal transcribed spacer regions (its) is easily conductible in a relatively short time. the purpose of the current study is to classify c. difficile by pcr electrophoresis pattern of its (its-pcr type) and estimate the relationship of the its-pcr type of c. difficile with its pathogenicity. we examined 77 strains which were obtained in our hospital from march 2012 to august 2013. t ... | 2016 | 27363217 |
| [infection control from the viewpoint of medical safety by our clinical laboratory in tmdu hospital]. | infection control based on appropriate bacteriological examinations and information is important for medical safety. i present the activities performed by our clinical laboratory in tokyo medical and dental university (tmdu) hospital. we detected and reported the first japanese case of kpc-2 carbapenemase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae, of which infection will be a serious problem in the near future in japan. we examine the antigen and toxins of clostridium difficile with an immunochromatograph ... | 2016 | 27363226 |
| editorial commentary: where to place the new treatments for clostridium difficile infection? | 2016 | 27365386 | |
| antibodies to toxin b are protective against clostridium difficile infection recurrence. | although newer studies have evaluated risk factors for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi), the vast majority did not measure important biomarkers such as endogenous anti-toxin a and anti-toxin b antibody levels. | 2016 | 27365387 |
| fidaxomicin versus vancomycin in the treatment of clostridium difficile infection: canadian outcomes. | background. this analysis examined the efficacy of fidaxomicin versus vancomycin in 406 canadian patients with clostridium difficile infection (cdi), based on data from 2 randomized, clinical trials. methods. patients received fidaxomicin or vancomycin 1. patients were assessed for clinical response recurrence of infection and sustained clinical response for 28 days after treatment completion. patients at increased risk of recurrence were subjected to subgroup analyses. results. clinical respons ... | 2016 | 27366179 |
| characterization of clostridium difficile strains in british columbia, canada: a shift from nap1 majority (2008) to novel strain types (2013) in one region. | background. clostridium difficile is a major cause of gastrointestinal illness. epidemic nap1 strains contain toxins a and b, a deletion in repressor tcdc, and a binary toxin. objectives. to determine the molecular epidemiology of c. difficile in british columbia and compare between two time points in one region. methods. c. difficile isolates from hospital and community laboratories (2008) and one island health hospital laboratory (2013) were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, p ... | 2016 | 27366181 |
| type iv pili promote early biofilm formation by clostridium difficile. | increasing morbidity and mortality from clostridium difficile infection (cdi) present an enormous challenge to healthcare systems. clostridium difficile express type iv pili (t4p), but their function remains unclear. many chronic and recurrent bacterial infections result from biofilms, surface-associated bacterial communities embedded in an extracellular matrix. cdi may be biofilm mediated; t4p are important for biofilm formation in a number of organisms. we evaluate the role of t4p in c. diffic ... | 2016 | 27369898 |
| reclassification of clostridium difficile as clostridioides difficile (hall and o'toole 1935) prévot 1938. | the recent proposal by lawson and rainey (2015) to restrict the genus clostridium to clostridium butyricum and related species has ramifications for the members of the genera that fall outside this clade that should not be considered as clostridium sensu stricto. one such organism of profound medical importance is clostridioides difficile that is a major cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea and mortality in individuals. based on 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, the closest relative of clostridium ... | 2016 | 27370902 |
| epidemiology and risk factors for community-associated clostridium difficile infection: a narrative review. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) was once considered a primarily nosocomial concern. emerging evidence from the last 20 years has highlighted a drastic shift in the known epidemiology of cdi, with disease outside of hospitals apparently occurring more frequently and causing severe disease in populations that were thought to be at low risk. this narrative review summarises potential pathways for infection outside of the hospital environment and highlights likely routes of transmission. furth ... | 2016 | 27370914 |
| a diverse soil microbiome degrades more crude oil than specialized bacterial assemblages obtained in culture. | soil microbiome modification may alter system function, which may enhance processes like bioremediation. in this study, we filled microcosms with gamma-irradiated soil that was reinoculated with the initial soil or cultivated bacterial subsets obtained on regular media (reg-m) or media containing crude oil (co-m). we allowed 8 weeks for microbiome stabilization, added crude oil and monoammonium phosphate, incubated the microcosms for another 6 weeks, and then measured the biodegradation of crude ... | 2016 | 27371586 |
| reduction in clostridium difficile infection associated with the introduction of hydrogen peroxide vapour automated room disinfection. | the clinical impact of implementing hydrogen peroxide vapour (hpv) disinfection of rooms vacated by patients with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) was evaluated. breakpoint time series analysis indicated a significant reduction (p<0.001) in the cdi rate at the time when hpv disinfection was implemented, resulting in a reduction in the cdi rate from 1.0 to 0.4 cases per 1000 patient-days in the 24 months before hpv usage compared with the first 24 months of hpv usage. hpv should be considere ... | 2016 | 27372150 |
| clostridium difficile infection epidemiology and management: comparison of results of a prospective study with a retrospective one in a reference teaching and research hospital in northern italy. | clostridium difficile-associated disease (cdad) is the most common infectious antibiotic-associated diarrhea and is a growing health care problem. prevention of clostridium difficile infection focuses on clinical and epidemiologic infection control measures. | 2016 | 27372227 |
| targeting the ecology within: the role of the gut-brain axis and human microbiota in drug addiction. | despite major advances in our understanding of the brain using traditional neuroscience, reliable and efficacious treatments for drug addiction have remained elusive. hence, the time has come to utilize novel approaches, particularly those drawing upon contemporary advances in fields outside of established neuroscience and psychiatry. put another way, the time has come for a paradigm shift in the addiction sciences. apropos, a revolution in the area of human health is underway, which is occurrin ... | 2016 | 27372861 |
| clostridium difficile-associated disease: a primary clinical evaluation of elderly patients in a geriatric hospital. | the purpose of this study was to screen all cases of clostridium difficile-associated disease during a 2-year period in a geriatric hospital to determine the incidence and clinical characteristics related to this risk. twenty percent of suspected cases were diagnosed as positive and analyzed. the c difficile disease-associated clinical factors were ischemic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. use of acetylsalicylic acid, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and steroi ... | 2016 | 27375063 |
| clinical characteristics of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea among patients in a tertiary care center in china. | this study investigated the incidence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) in chinese patients. | 2017 | 27375724 |
| subboiling moist heat favors the selection of enteric pathogen clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 078 spores in food. | emerging enteric pathogens could have not only more antibiotic resistance or virulence traits; they could also have increased resistance to heat. we quantified the effects of minimum recommended cooking and higher temperatures, individually on a collection of c. difficile isolates and on the survival probability of a mixture of emerging c. difficile strains. while minimum recommended cooking time/temperature combinations (63-71°c) allowed concurrently tested strains to survive, higher subboiling ... | 2016 | 27375748 |
| pilin vaccination stimulates weak antibody responses and provides no protection in a c57bl/6 murine model of acute clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial infections in the united states, adding billions of dollars per year to health care costs. a vaccine targeted against the bacterium would be extremely beneficial in decreasing the morbidity and mortality caused by c. difficile-associated disease; a vaccine directed against a colonization factor would hinder the spread of the bacterium as well as prevent disease. type iv pili (t4ps) are extracellular appendages composed of protein monomers ... | 2016 | 27375958 |
| microbial ecosystem analysis in root canal infections refractory to endodontic treatment. | the purpose of this study was to combine multiple displacement amplification and checkerboard dna-dna hybridization to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the microbiota present in infections refractory to endodontic treatment. | 2016 | 27377440 |
| community-acquired clostridium difficile infections in emergency departments. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has become an emerging infectious disease, especially in community settings. little data is available on its frequency and characteristics in france. we aimed to describe cdi case patients consulting at the emergency department and to compare community-acquired and nosocomial cdis. | 2016 | 27377443 |
| proton pump inhibitors should be used with caution in critically ill patients to prevent the risk of clostridium difficile infection. | 2016 | 27377737 | |
| heat shock increases conjugation efficiency in clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile infection has increased in incidence and severity over the past decade, and poses a unique threat to human health. however, genetic manipulation of c. difficile remains in its infancy and the bacterium remains relatively poorly characterised. low-efficiency conjugation is currently the only available method for transfer of plasmid dna into c. difficile. this is practically limiting and has slowed progress in understanding this important pathogen. conjugation efficiency vari ... | 2016 | 27377776 |
| a case of multiple recurrence of clostridium difficile infection with severe hematochezia in an immunocompromised host. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is increasing in incidence and severity. clinically, diarrhea frequently occurs, but severe hematochezia is rarely seen with cdi. we describe here a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) recipient who experienced life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding due to severe cdi. subsequent stool surveillance and molecular typing observed the patient who had two episodes of recurrence with a new strain of c. difficile distinct from the initial infection. ... | 2016 | 27377777 |
| cost-effectiveness analysis of the use of probiotics for the prevention of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in a provincial healthcare system. | objective to conduct a full economic evaluation assessing the costs and consequences related to probiotic use for the primary prevention of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad). design cost-effectiveness analysis using decision analytic modeling. methods a cost-effectiveness analysis was used to evaluate the risk of cdad and the costs of receiving oral probiotics versus not over a time horizon of 30 days. the target population modeled was all adult inpatients receiving any therapeuti ... | 2016 | 27377992 |
| the epidemiology and clinical features of clostridium difficile infection in liver transplant recipients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is common after liver transplantation (lt); however, few studies have examined the risk factors, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of cdi in this population. | 2016 | 27379554 |
| receptors and binding structures for clostridium difficile toxins a and b. | two characteristics of toxins a and b from c. difficile (tcda, tcdb) are important for the understanding of the pathogenic effect of these homologous toxins. first, these toxins are huge single-chain but multidomain proteins that display their action intracellularly within the cytosol of host cells. and second, albeit various cell types highly differ in their sensitivity toward these toxins, no toxin-resistant cell type has been described yet. investigation of receptor-mediated uptake of these t ... | 2016 | 27380268 |
| non-slip socks: a potential reservoir for transmitting multidrug-resistant organisms in hospitals? | non-slip socks are increasingly used to prevent falls in hospitals. patients use them to walk to various parts of the hospital and also wear them in bed. fifty-four pairs of socks and 35 environmental floor samples were obtained from seven wards in a tertiary referral hospital. vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) were detected from 46 (85%) socks and meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) from five (9%). environmental sampling cultured vre from 24 (69%) floor samples and mrsa from ... | 2016 | 27380919 |
| rifamycin resistance in clostridium difficile is generally associated with a low fitness burden. | we characterized clinically occurring and novel mutations in the β subunit of rna polymerase in clostridium difficile (cdrpob), conferring rifamycin (including rifaximin) resistance. the arg505lys substitution did not impose an in vitro fitness cost, which may be one reason for its dominance among rifamycin-resistant clinical isolates. these observations were supported through the structural modeling of cdrpob. in general, most mutations lacked in vitro fitness costs, suggesting that rifamycin r ... | 2016 | 27381389 |
| fecal transplant for clostridium difficile infection relapses using "pooled" frozen feces from non-related donors. | 2016 | 27382953 | |
| active caspase-1 induces plasma membrane pores that precede pyroptotic lysis and are blocked by lanthanides. | canonical inflammasome activation induces a caspase-1/gasdermin d (gsdmd)-dependent lytic cell death called pyroptosis that promotes antimicrobial host defense but may contribute to sepsis. the nature of the caspase-1-dependent change in plasma membrane (pm) permeability during pyroptotic progression remains incompletely defined. we assayed propidium(2+) (pro(2+)) influx kinetics during nlrp3 or pyrin inflammasome activation in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmdms) as an indicator of th ... | 2016 | 27385778 |
| management of inflammatory bowel disease in the elderly. | a substantial and growing proportion of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) are elderly, and these patients require tailored treatment strategies. however, significant challenges exist in the management of this population due to the paucity of data. establishing the initial diagnosis and assessing the etiology of future symptoms and flares can be challenging as several other prevalent diseases can masquerade as ibd, such as ischemic colitis, diverticular disease, and infectious coliti ... | 2016 | 27387455 |
| male veterans with complicated urinary tract infections: influence of a patient-centered antimicrobial stewardship program. | the influence of antimicrobial stewardship programs (asps) on outcomes in male veterans treated for complicated urinary tract infection has not been determined. | 2016 | 27388268 |
| the efficacy of intracolonic vancomycin for severe clostridium difficile colitis: a case series. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) unresponsive to the standard treatments of metronidazole and oral vancomycin requires aggressive medical management and possible surgical intervention including colectomy. intracolonic vancomycin therapy has been reported to be particularly promising in the setting of severe cdi in the presence of ileus. this is a descriptive case series exploring the effect of adjunctive intracolonic vancomycin therapy on the morbidity and mortality in patients with moderat ... | 2016 | 27388627 |
| an exploratory study to evaluate clostridium difficile polymerase chain reaction ribotypes and infection outcomes. | clostridium difficile infection ranges from mild to severe prolonged diarrhea with systemic symptoms. previous studies have assessed the correlation of some disease severity parameters to c. difficile ribotypes. however, certain clinical parameters of interest have not yet been evaluated. | 2016 | 27390531 |
| utility of prophylactic antibiotics in nonoperative facial fractures. | facial fractures are commonly managed nonoperatively. patients with facial fractures involving sinus cavities commonly receive 7 to 10 days of prophylactic antibiotics, yet no literature exists to support or refute this practice. the aim of this study was to compare the administration and duration of antibiotic prophylaxis on the incidence of soft tissue infection in nonoperative facial fractures. a total number of 289 patients who were admitted to our level i trauma center with nonoperative fac ... | 2016 | 27391655 |
| binary toxin and its clinical importance in clostridium difficile infection, belgium. | binary toxin-producing clostridium difficile strains such as ribotypes 027 and 078 have been associated with increased clostridium difficile infection (cdi) severity. our objective was to investigate the association between presence of the binary toxin gene and cdi severity and recurrence. we performed a laboratory-based retrospective study including patients between january 2013 and march 2015 whose fecal samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of the genes for ... | 2016 | 27393490 |
| infectious diarrhea: norovirus and clostridium difficile in older adults. | norovirus infection usually results in acute gastroenteritis, often with incapacitating nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. it is highly contagious and resistant to eradication with alcohol-based hand sanitizer. appropriate preventative and infection control measures can mitigate the morbidity and mortality associated with norovirus infection. clostridium difficile infection is the leading cause of health care-associated diarrhea in the united states. antibiotic use is by far the most common risk fa ... | 2016 | 27394020 |
| [oncologic aspects of clostridium difficile]. | clostridium difficile infection is one of the most frequent among cancer patients. its diagnosis is complicated by the fact that the symptoms of the infection and the side effects of the anticancer treatments could be similar. chemotherapy itself might facilitate clostridium difficile infection. several risk factors are known but clostridium difficile infection can develop in the absence of these. neutreopenia is a risk factor for fatal clostridium difficile infection and also the side effect of ... | 2016 | 27397423 |
| cleaning the grey zones of hospitals: a prospective, crossover, interventional study. | environmental cleaning is a fundamental principle of infection prevention in hospitals, but its role in reducing transmission of health care-acquired pathogens has been difficult to prove experimentally. in this study we analyze the influence of cleaning previously uncleaned patient care items, grey zones (gz), on health care-acquired transmission rates. | 2016 | 27397907 |
| cost-effectiveness of a model infection control program for preventing multi-drug-resistant organism infections in critically ill surgical patients. | interventions to contain two multi-drug-resistant acinetobacter (mdra) outbreaks reduced the incidence of multi-drug-resistant (mdr) organisms, specifically methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus, and clostridium difficile in the general surgery intensive care unit (icu) of our hospital. we therefore conducted a cost-effective analysis of a proactive model infection-control program to reduce transmission of mdr organisms based on the practices used to cont ... | 2016 | 27399263 |
| in vitro activity of surotomycin against contemporary clinical isolates of toxigenic clostridium difficile strains obtained in spain. | 2016 | 27402007 | |
| impact of reported beta-lactam allergy on inpatient outcomes: a multicenter prospective cohort study. | reported allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics is common and often leads to unnecessary avoidance in patients who could tolerate these antibiotics. we prospectively evaluated the impact of these reported allergies on clinical outcomes. | 2016 | 27402820 |