Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| administration of probiotic kefir to mice with clostridium difficile infection exacerbates disease. | lifeway(®) kefir, a fermented milk product containing 12 probiotic organisms, is reported to show promise as an alternative to fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we employed a murine cdi model to study the probiotic protective mechanisms and unexpectedly determined that kefir drastically increased disease severity. our results emphasize the need for further independent clinical testing of kefir as alternative therapy in recurrent cdi. | 2016 | 27180007 |
| probiotics as adjunctive therapy for preventing clostridium difficile infection - what are we waiting for? | with the end of the golden era of antibiotic discovery, the emergence of a new post-antibiotic age threatens to thrust global health and modern medicine back to the pre-antibiotic era. antibiotic overuse has resulted in the natural evolution and selection of multi-drug resistant bacteria. one major public health threat, clostridium difficile, is now the single leading cause of hospital-acquired bacterial infections and is by far the most deadly enteric pathogen for the u.s. | 2016 | 27180657 |
| analysis of clostridium difficile infections in patients hospitalized at the nephrological ward in poland. | few studies have evaluated the incidence and risk factors of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in the adult polish population, in particular in solid organ recipients hospitalized at the nephrological ward. | 2016 | 27180967 |
| clostridium difficile infection in children: a review. | clostridium difficile is a sporogenic, anaerobic, gram-positive, emerging enteric pathogen. it represents the most common cause of health care-associated diarrhoea in the united states, with significantly associated morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. historically regarded as a little more than an innocent coloniser bystander of the gastrointestinal tract of children, c difficile has increasingly demonstrated its behaviour as a true pathogen in the paediatric age groups. this organism m ... | 2016 | 27182626 |
| epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection-associated reactive arthritis in children: an underdiagnosed, potentially morbid condition. | the incidence of clostridium difficile infection has increased among children. the epidemiology of pediatric c difficile infection-associated reactive arthritis is poorly understood. | 2016 | 27182697 |
| impact of sink location on hand hygiene compliance after care of patients with clostridium difficile infection: a cross-sectional study. | the impact of sink location on hand washing compliance after contact with patients with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is poorly understood. the aim of this study is to determine the location of hand wash sinks available to healthcare workers (hcws) after caring for patients with cdi and to assess the impact on hand washing compliance. | 2016 | 27184488 |
| predictors of early failure after fecal microbiota transplantation for the therapy of clostridium difficile infection: a multicenter study. | fecal microbiota transplant (fmt) is a highly efficacious treatment for recurrent or refractory clostridium difficile infection (cdi); however, 10-20% of patients fail to achieve cure after a single fmt. the aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with fmt failure and to develop and validate a prediction model for fmt failure. | 2016 | 27185076 |
| the regulatory networks that control clostridium difficile toxin synthesis. | the pathogenic clostridia cause many human and animal diseases, which typically arise as a consequence of the production of potent exotoxins. among the enterotoxic clostridia, clostridium difficile is the main causative agent of nosocomial intestinal infections in adults with a compromised gut microbiota caused by antibiotic treatment. the symptoms of c. difficile infection are essentially caused by the production of two exotoxins: tcda and tcdb. moreover, for severe forms of disease, the spectr ... | 2016 | 27187475 |
| adverse event reporting for proton pump inhibitor therapy: an overview of systematic reviews. | to assist clinicians in counseling patients regarding the risk of adverse events from proton pump inhibitors (ppis), by synthesizing evidence from published systematic reviews of antireflux therapy. | 2016 | 27188706 |
| preclinical development of ramizol, an antibiotic belonging to a new class, for the treatment of clostridium difficile colitis. | antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a major threat to human health and is predicted to become the leading cause of death from disease by 2050. despite the recent resurgence of research and development in the area, few antibiotics have reached the market, with most of the recently approved antibiotics corresponding to new uses for old antibiotics, or structurally similar derivatives thereof. we have recently reported an in silico approach that led to the design of an entirely new class of antibiotic ... | 2016 | 27189122 |
| hiv infection results in metabolic alterations in the gut microbiota different from those induced by other diseases. | imbalances in gut bacteria have been associated with multiple diseases. however, whether there are disease-specific changes in gut microbial metabolism remains unknown. here, we demonstrate that human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection (n = 33) changes, at quantifiable levels, the metabolism of gut bacteria. these changes are different than those observed in patients with the auto-immune disease systemic lupus erythaematosus (n = 18), and clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (n = 6). u ... | 2016 | 27189771 |
| impact of a healthcare provider educational intervention on frequency of clostridium difficile polymerase chain reaction testing in children: a segmented regression analysis. | although clostridium difficile infections (cdis) are increasingly diagnosed in children, many children diagnosed with cdi lack classic risk factors. frequent use of highly sensitive tcdb polymerase chain reaction (pcr) testing in low-risk patients leads to cdi misdiagnosis and unnecessary cdi antibiotic use in children with c difficile carriage. | 2016 | 27190172 |
| clostridium difficile enterocolitis and reactive arthritis: a case report and review of the literature. | reactive arthritis is a rare complication of clostridium difficile enterocolitis, especially in children. we review the 6 pediatric cases published in the english and non-english literature and discuss their clinical presentation, outcome, treatment, and pathophysiology. we also report the seventh case of clostridium difficile reactive arthritis in a 6-year-old boy who was treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate for 10 days because of an upper respiratory infection. after the antibiotic course, the ... | 2016 | 27190666 |
| atypical presentation of c. difficile infection: report of a case with literature review. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) is a gram-positive, obligate, anaerobic spore-forming bacillus first reported by hall and o'toole in 1935. it occurs mostly after antibiotic use and invariably presents with watery diarrhea. we describe an atypical presentation of c. difficile in a 64-year-old caucasian female who presented to the our emergency department with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting for one day. a complete blood count revealed leukocytosis 30 x 10(9)/l and a subsequent computed ... | 2016 | 27190728 |
| the burden of clostridium difficile after cervical spine surgery. | study design retrospective database analysis. objective the purpose of this study is to investigate incidence, comorbidities, and impact on health care resources of clostridium difficile infection after cervical spine surgery. methods a total of 1,602,130 cervical spine surgeries from the nationwide inpatient sample database from 2002 to 2011 were included. patients were included for study based on international classification of diseases ninth revision, clinical modification procedural codes fo ... | 2016 | 27190732 |
| increasing incidence of clostridium difficile infections: results from a 5-year retrospective study in a large teaching hospital in the italian region with the oldest population. | limited information is available on the incidence of clostridium difficile infections (cdis) in italian hospitals. in this study, we assessed the changes in the incidence of cdi over a 5-year period in a teaching hospital in liguria, the italian region with the oldest population. secondary endpoints were the development of severe cdi and 30-day mortality. the annual incidence of cdi/10000 patient-days significantly increased from 0·54 in 2010 to 3·04 in 2014 (χ 2 for trend, p < 0·001). the media ... | 2016 | 27193828 |
| new approaches to infection prevention and control: implementing a risk-based model regionally. | infectious disease outbreaks result in substantial inconvenience to patients and disruption of clinical activity. | 2016 | 27194074 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation for the intestinal decolonization of extensively antimicrobial-resistant opportunistic pathogens: a review. | treatment options for multidrug-resistant (mdr) bacterial infections are limited and often less effective. non-pharmacologic approaches to preventing or treating mdr infections are currently restricted to improved antimicrobial stewardship and infection control practices. fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt), a highly effective treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infection, has emerged as a promising therapy for intestinal mdr bacterial decolonization. a total of eight case reports h ... | 2016 | 27194400 |
| antibiotic stewardship programs in u.s. acute care hospitals: findings from the 2014 national healthcare safety network annual hospital survey. | the national action plan to combat antibiotic resistant bacteria calls for all us hospitals to improve antibiotic prescribing as a key prevention strategy for resistance and clostridium difficile antibiotic stewardship programs (asps) will be important in this effort but implementation is not well understood. | 2016 | 27199462 |
| cost-utility analysis of fidaxomicin compared to vancomycin in the management of severe clostridium difficile infection in poland. | 2014 | 27200779 | |
| cdad-daysyms™: a new patient-reported outcome tool for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea. | 2014 | 27201895 | |
| fidaxomicin therapy for patients with clostridium difficile infection: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. | 2014 | 27202426 | |
| the burden of clostridium difficile (cdi) infection in hospitals, in denmark, finland, norway and sweden. | 2014 | 27202459 | |
| cost-effectiveness of fidaxomicin for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in sweden. | 2014 | 27202472 | |
| economic evaluation of fidaxomicin for the treatment of clostridium difficile infections (cdi) also known as clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad) in spain. | 2014 | 27202478 | |
| cost-effectiveness of fidaxomicin therapy for clostridium difficile infection in hungary. | 2014 | 27202484 | |
| cost-effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplant in treating clostridium difficile infection in canada. | 2014 | 27202489 | |
| the surgical management of complicated clostridium difficile infection: alternatives to colectomy. | clostridium difficile is the most common nosocomial infection in the united states. there is a subset of patients for whom medical therapy fails or who progress rapidly to the development of complicated disease, often marked by critical systemic illness. patients with complicated clostridium difficile infection (cdi) who progress or fail to improve benefit from surgery. | 2016 | 27206241 |
| elevated fecal calprotectin associates with adverse outcomes from clostridium difficile infection in older adults. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) causes a mild to moderate colitis in most patients, but some, especially older adults, develop severe, adverse outcomes. biomarkers predicting outcomes are needed to optimize treatments. this study tested whether fecal calprotectin associated with a composite primary outcome of complicated cdi (intensive care unit admission, colectomy, or death due to cdi within 30 days of diagnosis) and/or 8-week recurrence. | 2016 | 27206404 |
| risk factors associated with interfacility transfers among patients with clostridium difficile infection. | preventing the transmission of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) over the continuum of care presents an important challenge for infection control. | 2016 | 27207161 |
| vaccines for healthcare-associated infections: promise and challenge. | as antibiotic resistance increases and the rate of antibiotic development slows, it is becoming more urgent to develop novel approaches to prevent and mitigate serious bacterial and fungal infections. healthcare-associated infections (hais), including those caused by clostridium difficile, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumannii, carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae, and candida species, are a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. hais are a ... | 2016 | 27208045 |
| economic burden of primary compared with recurrent clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients: a prospective cohort study. | few studies have investigated the additional healthcare costs of recurrent c. difficile infection (cdi). | 2016 | 27209056 |
| [role of care surgery in the treatment of pseudomembranous colitis]. | pseudomembranous colitis, caused by clostridium difficile, has an increased incidence in recent years, driven mainly by the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. although initial treatment is medical, the role of emergency surgery has gained ground due to high mortality and the emergence of increasingly virulent strains. in our country the prevalence is still low so sometimes our experience in handling is limited. | 2016 | 27209466 |
| the microbiota and immune response during clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, spore forming anaerobe that infects the gut when the normal microbiota has been disrupted. c. difficile infection (cdi) is the most common cause of hospital acquired infection in the united states, and the leading cause of death due to gastroenteritis. patients suffering from cdi have varying symptoms which range from mild diarrhea to pseudomembranous colitis and death. the involvement of the immune response to influence disease severity is just beginnin ... | 2016 | 27212111 |
| towards point of care testing for c. difficile infection by volatile profiling, using the combination of a short multi-capillary gas chromatography column with metal oxide sensor detection. | rapid volatile profiling of stool sample headspace was achieved using a combination of short multi-capillary chromatography column (smcc), highly sensitive heated metal oxide semiconductor (mos) sensor and artificial neural network (ann) software. for direct analysis of biological samples this prototype offers alternatives to conventional gc detectors and electronic nose technology. the performance was compared to an identical instrument incorporating a long single capillary column (lscc). the a ... | 2014 | 27212803 |
| assessing the magnitude and trends in hospital acquired infections in canadian hospitals through sequential point prevalence surveys. | healthcare acquired infections (hai) are an important public health problem in developed countries, but comprehensive data on trends over time are lacking. prevalence surveys have been used as a surrogate for incidence studies and can be readily repeated. | 2016 | 27213039 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. | recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a consequence of intestinal dysbiosis and is particularly common following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is an effective method of treating cdi by correcting intestinal dysbiosis by passive transfer of healthy donor microflora. fmt has not been widely used in immunocompromised patients, including hsct recipients, owing to concern for donor-derived infection. here, we describe initial resul ... | 2016 | 27214585 |
| recurrence of clostridium difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: the recidivism study. | recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi) contributes to a significant burden of disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). in this study, we seek to identify risk factors for rcdi in a population of ibd patients at the mount sinai hospital ibd centre. | 2016 | 27215924 |
| clostridium difficile infection following systemic antibiotic administration in randomised controlled trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | antibiotics have been the most important risk factor for clostridium difficile infection (cdi). however, only data from non-randomised studies have been reviewed. we sought to evaluate the risk for development of cdi associated with the major antibiotic classes by analysing data from randomised controlled trials (rcts). the pubmed, cochrane and scopus databases were searched and the references of selected rcts were also hand-searched. eligible studies should have compared only one antibiotic ver ... | 2016 | 27216385 |
| chinese physicians' perceptions of fecal microbiota transplantation. | to explore chinese physicians' perceptions towards fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) and to provide information and an assessment of fmt development in china. | 2016 | 27217707 |
| [fecal microbiota transplantation in relapsing clostridium difficile colitis]. | since the turn of the millennium there has been an alarming increase in the incidence and severity of clostridium difficile infections. stopping medication with the triggering antibiotic and switching to a recommended antibiotic leads to healing up in 80%. however, patients who relapse have a 40% risk of an additional relapse and those with 2 or more episodes face a 60% risk. fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is a new therapeutic option. up to now there only exist two randomized studies (un ... | 2016 | 27221557 |
| crystal structures of the spoiid lytic transglycosylases essential for bacterial sporulation. | bacterial spores are the most resistant form of life known on earth and represent a serious problem for (i) bioterrorism attack, (ii) horizontal transmission of microbial pathogens in the community, and (iii) persistence in patients and in a nosocomial environment. stage ii sporulation protein d (spoiid) is a lytic transglycosylase (lt) essential for sporulation. the lt superfamily is a potential drug target because it is active in essential bacterial processes involving the peptidoglycan, which ... | 2016 | 27226615 |
| clostridium difficile infection. | 2016 | 27227752 | |
| [a novel approach to genotyping of hospital isolates of clostridium difficile]. | development of a novel approach in genotyping of clostridium difficile and its testing on the example of 140 hospital isolates. | 2016 | 27228665 |
| reduction in post-operative acute kidney injury following a change in antibiotic prophylaxis policy for orthopaedic surgery: an observational study. | evidence has shown that a prophylactic antibiotic regimen of flucloxacillin and gentamicin for orthopaedic surgery was associated with increased rates of post-operative acute kidney injury (aki). this resulted in changes in the national antibiotic policy recommendation for orthopaedic surgical prophylaxis. this study aimed to assess whether this change from flucloxacillin and gentamicin to co-amoxiclav was associated with changes in the rates of aki and clostridium difficile infection (cdi). | 2016 | 27231276 |
| production and characterization of chemically inactivated genetically engineered clostridium difficile toxoids. | a recombinant clostridium difficile expression system was used to produce genetically engineered toxoids a and b as immunogens for a prophylactic vaccine against c. difficile-associated disease. although all known enzymatic activities responsible for cytotoxicity were genetically abrogated, the toxoids exhibited residual cytotoxic activity as measured in an in vitro cell-based cytotoxicity assay. the residual cytotoxicity was eliminated by treating the toxoids with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminoprop ... | 2016 | 27233688 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation for severe clostridium difficile infection after left ventricular assist device implantation: a case control study and concise review on the local and regional therapies. | we report herein a case of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) used for severe clostridium difficile infection for a 65-year-old lebanese man who underwent left ventricular assist device implantation. to the best of our knowledge this is the first case report from lebanon and the region presenting such technique. | 2016 | 27233894 |
| a roadmap for gene system development in clostridium. | clostridium species are both heroes and villains. some cause serious human and animal diseases, those present in the gut microbiota generally contribute to health and wellbeing, while others represent useful industrial chassis for the production of chemicals and fuels. to understand, counter or exploit, there is a fundamental requirement for effective systems that may be used for directed or random genome modifications. we have formulated a simple roadmap whereby the necessary gene systems maybe ... | 2016 | 27234263 |
| misuse of antibiotics reserved for hospital settings in outpatients: a prospective clinical audit in a university hospital in southern france. | some antibiotics are reserved essentially for hospital settings owing to cost effectiveness and in order to fight the emerging antibiotic resistance crisis. in some cases, antibiotics reserved exclusively for use in hospitals may be prescribed in outpatients for serious infections or in the absence of a therapeutic alternative. a 30-day prospective audit of outpatient prescriptions of antibiotics reserved exclusively for use in hospitals was performed. the objective of this study was to evaluate ... | 2016 | 27234677 |
| effect of prolonged diarrhea in renal transplant recipients at a single center in taiwan. | post-renal transplantation diarrhea is a common complication; however, it is easily ignored. this study aimed to determine the factors influencing graft function for renal transplant recipients with diarrhea. | 2016 | 27234755 |
| high fecal iga is associated with reduced clostridium difficile colonization in infants. | colonization of infants with clostridium difficile is on the rise. although better tolerated by infants than adults, it is a risk factor for future allergic disease. the present study describes associations between infant fecal immunoglobulin a (iga) and colonization with c. difficile in 47 infants enrolled in the canadian healthy infant longitudinal development (child) study. c. difficile colonization was observed in over half (53%) of the infants. median iga was lower in infants colonized with ... | 2016 | 27235197 |
| nitroimidazole carboxamides as antiparasitic agents targeting giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica and trichomonas vaginalis. | diarrhoeal diseases caused by the intestinal parasites giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica constitute a major global health burden. nitroimidazoles are first-line drugs for the treatment of giardiasis and amebiasis, with metronidazole 1 being the most commonly used drug worldwide. however, treatment failures in giardiasis occur in up to 20% of cases and development of resistance to metronidazole is of concern. we have re-examined 'old' nitroimidazoles as a foundation for the systematic dev ... | 2016 | 27236016 |
| contamination of healthcare workers' hands with bacterial spores. | clostridium species and bacillus spp. are spore-forming bacteria that cause hospital infections. the spores from these bacteria are transmitted from patient to patient via healthcare workers' hands. although alcohol-based hand rubbing is an important hand hygiene practice, it is ineffective against bacterial spores. therefore, healthcare workers should wash their hands with soap when they are contaminated with spores. however, the extent of health care worker hand contamination remains unclear. ... | 2016 | 27236515 |
| clostridium difficile infection: early history, diagnosis and molecular strain typing methods. | recognised as the leading cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) remains high despite efforts to improve prevention and reduce the spread of the bacterium in healthcare settings. in the last decade, many studies have focused on the epidemiology and rapid diagnosis of cdi. in addition, different typing methods have been developed for epidemiological studies. this review explores the history of c. difficile and the current scope ... | 2016 | 27238460 |
| a pilot study to assess the effectiveness and cost of routine universal use of peracetic acid sporicidal wipes in a real clinical environment. | peracetic acid sporicidal wipes have been shown to be an effective disinfectant, but in controlled test environments. their high cost may restrict use. | 2016 | 27238941 |
| faecal microbiota transplantation: applications and limitations in treating gastrointestinal disorders. | the process of stool transfer from healthy donors to the sick, known as faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt), has an ancient history. however, only recently researchers started investigating its applications in an evidence-based manner. current knowledge of the microbiome, the concept of dysbiosis and results of preliminary research suggest that there is an association between gastrointestinal bacterial disruption and certain disorders. researchers have studied the effects of fmt on various g ... | 2016 | 27239328 |
| antibiotic-induced alterations of the gut microbiota alter secondary bile acid production and allow for clostridium difficile spore germination and outgrowth in the large intestine. | it is hypothesized that the depletion of microbial members responsible for converting primary bile acids into secondary bile acids reduces resistance to clostridium difficile colonization. to date, inhibition of c. difficile growth by secondary bile acids has only been shown in vitro. using targeted bile acid metabolomics, we sought to define the physiologically relevant concentrations of primary and secondary bile acids present in the murine small and large intestinal tracts and how these impac ... | 2017 | 27239562 |
| bile acid sensitivity and in vivo virulence of clinical clostridium difficile isolates. | clostridium difficile is an anaerobic bacterium that causes diarrheal illnesses. disease onset is linked with exposure to oral antibiotics and consequent depletion of secondary bile acids. here we investigate the relationship between in vitro secondary bile acid tolerance and in vivo disease scores of diverse c. difficile strains in mice. | 2016 | 27241781 |
| rifaximin improves clostridium difficile toxin a-induced toxicity in caco-2 cells by the pxr-dependent tlr4/myd88/nf-κb pathway. | clostridium difficile infections (cdis) caused by clostridium difficile toxin a (tcda) lead to severe ulceration, inflammation and bleeding of the colon, and are difficult to treat. | 2016 | 27242527 |
| effect of bifidobacterium upon clostridium difficile growth and toxicity when co-cultured in different prebiotic substrates. | the intestinal overgrowth of clostridium difficile, often after disturbance of the gut microbiota by antibiotic treatment, leads to c. difficile infection (cdi) which manifestation ranges from mild diarrhea to life-threatening conditions. the increasing cdi incidence, not only in compromised subjects but also in traditionally considered low-risk populations, together with the frequent relapses of the disease, has attracted the interest for prevention/therapeutic options. among these, probiotics, ... | 2016 | 27242753 |
| [rational use of antibiotics]. | international and national campaigns draw attention worldwide to the rational use of the available antibiotics. this has been stimulated by the high prevalence rates of drug-resistant pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre), a threatening spread of development of resistance in gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria and the selection of clostridium difficile with a simultaneous clear reduction in the development of new antibiotic ... | 2016 | 27246321 |
| cody-dependent regulation of sporulation in clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile must form a spore to survive outside the gastrointestinal tract. the factors that trigger sporulation in c. difficile remain poorly understood. previous studies have suggested that a link exists between nutritional status and sporulation initiation in c. difficile in this study, we investigated the impact of the global nutritional regulator cody on sporulation in c. difficile strains from the historical 012 ribotype and the current epidemic 027 ribotype. sporulation frequen ... | 2016 | 27246573 |
| [antibiotic treatment of clostridial colitis]. | the advantages and disadvantages of various antibiotics used in the treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) are compared with respect to their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. recommendations are made for their optimal use in clinical practice. metronidazole is suitable for the treatment of mild forms of cdi which are essentially self-limiting. vancomycin kills clostridia reliably but the treatment is encumbered with considerable risk of recurrence. this can be decrease ... | 2016 | 27246640 |
| high morbidity and mortality of clostridium difficile infection and its associations with ribotype 002 in hong kong. | we aim to study the disease burden, risk factors and severity of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in hong kong. | 2016 | 27246801 |
| blastocystis sp. infection mimicking clostridium difficile colitis. | we report an unusual case of severe diarrhea related to blastocystis sp. infection in a patient with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis. the patient was admitted due to profuse diarrhea associated with fever and leukocytosis. pertinent stool work-up such as leukocytes in stool, stool culture, clostridium difficile toxin b pcr, and serology for hepatitis a, hepatitis b, and hepatitis c and cytomegalovirus screening were all negative. ova and parasite stool examination revealed blastocystis s ... | 2016 | 27247810 |
| rising vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infections in hospitalized children in the united states. | vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre) is an emerging drug-resistant organism responsible for increasing numbers of nosocomial infections in adults. few data are available on the epidemiology and impact of vre infections in children. we hypothesized a significant increase in vre infections among hospitalized children. additionally, we predicted that vre infection would be associated with certain comorbid conditions and increased duration and cost of hospitalization. | 2016 | 27250774 |
| best practices in caring for patients infected with clostridium difficile. | 2016 | 27252104 | |
| bacterial and fungal microbiota changes distinguish c. difficile infection from other forms of diarrhea: results of a prospective inpatient study. | this study sought to characterize the bacterial and fungal microbiota changes associated with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) among inpatients with diarrhea, in order to further explain the pathogenesis of this infection as well as to potentially guide new cdi therapies. twenty-four inpatients with diarrhea were enrolled, 12 of whom had cdi. each patient underwent stool testing for cdi prior to being treated with difficile-directed antibiotics, when appropriate. clinical data was obtained ... | 2016 | 27252696 |
| management of candidemia in patients with clostridium difficile infection. | patients with c. difficile infection (cdi) experience intestinal microflora changes that can promote the overgrowth and subsequent translocation of gut resident pathogens into the blood. consistently, cdi due to pcr-ribotype 027 strain, severe or relapsing cdi, and treatment with high-dosage vancomycin are independent risk factors for candidemia. | 2016 | 27254270 |
| estimated hospital costs associated with preventable health care-associated infections if health care antiseptic products were unavailable. | health care-associated infections (hais) pose a significant health care and cost burden. this study estimates annual hai hospital costs in the us avoided through use of health care antiseptics (health care personnel hand washes and rubs; surgical hand scrubs and rubs; patient preoperative and preinjection skin preparations). | 2016 | 27257390 |
| the efficacy of thuricin cd, tigecycline, vancomycin, teicoplanin, rifampicin and nitazoxanide, independently and in paired combinations against clostridium difficile biofilms and planktonic cells. | thuricin cd is a two-component antimicrobial, belonging to the recently designated sactibiotic subclass of bacteriocins. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thuricin cd, as well as the antibiotics, tigecycline, vancomycin, teicoplanin, rifampicin and nitazoxanide when used independently and when combined at low concentrations on the viability of clostridium difficile 20291 r027, tl178 r002, liv022 r106, dpc6350 and vpi10463 biofilms and planktonic cells. | 2016 | 27257437 |
| severe complicated clostridium difficile infection: can the upmc proposed scoring system predict the need for surgery? | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is one of the most common health care-associated infections, and it continues to have significant morbidity and mortality. the onset of fulminant colitis often requires total abdominal colectomy with ileostomy, which has a mortality rate of 35% to 57%. university of pittsburgh medical center (upmc) developed a scoring system for severity and recommended surgical consultation for severe complicated disease. the aim of this study was to evaluate if the upmc-pr ... | 2016 | 27257702 |
| 'no touch' technologies for environmental decontamination: focus on ultraviolet devices and hydrogen peroxide systems. | this article reviews 'no touch' methods for disinfection of the contaminated surface environment of hospitalized patients' rooms. the focus is on studies that assessed the effectiveness of ultraviolet (uv) light devices, hydrogen peroxide systems, and self-disinfecting surfaces to reduce healthcare-associated infections (hais). | 2016 | 27257798 |
| antibiotic prophylaxis for subdural and subgaleal drains. | objective the authors sought to determine the effects of eliminating the use of prolonged prophylactic systemic antibiotics (ppsas) in patients with subdural and subgaleal drains. methods using a retrospective database, the authors collected data for patients over the age of 17 years who had undergone cranial surgery at their institution between december 2013 and july 2014 (ppsas period) or between december 2014 and july 2015 (non-ppsas period) and had subdural or subgaleal drains left in place ... | 2017 | 27257843 |
| isolation of c. difficile carriers alone and as part of a bundle approach for the prevention of clostridium difficile infection (cdi): a mathematical model based on clinical study data. | clostridium difficile infection is the most common hospital-acquired infection. besides infected patients, carriers have emerged as a key player in c. difficile epidemiology. in this study, we evaluated the impact of identifying and isolating carriers upon hospital admission on the incidence of cdi incidence and hospital-acquired c. difficile colonization, as a single policy and as part of bundle approaches. we simulated c. difficile transmission using a stochastic mathematical approach, conside ... | 2016 | 27258068 |
| mdsine: microbial dynamical systems inference engine for microbiome time-series analyses. | predicting dynamics of host-microbial ecosystems is crucial for the rational design of bacteriotherapies. we present mdsine, a suite of algorithms for inferring dynamical systems models from microbiome time-series data and predicting temporal behaviors. using simulated data, we demonstrate that mdsine significantly outperforms the existing inference method. we then show mdsine's utility on two new gnotobiotic mice datasets, investigating infection with clostridium difficile and an immune-modulat ... | 2016 | 27259475 |
| newly identified bacteriolytic enzymes that target a wide range of clinical isolates of clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile has emerged as a major cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients, with increasing mortality rate and annual healthcare costs exceeding $3 billion. since c. difficile infections are associated with the use of antibiotics, there is an urgent need to develop treatments that can inactivate the bacterium selectively without affecting commensal microflora. lytic enzymes from bacteria and bacteriophages show promise as highly selective and effective antimicrobial agent ... | 2016 | 27260850 |
| development of syn-004, an oral beta-lactamase treatment to protect the gut microbiome from antibiotic-mediated damage and prevent clostridium difficile infection. | the gut microbiome, composed of the microflora that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract and their genomes, make up a complex ecosystem that can be disrupted by antibiotic use. the ensuing dysbiosis is conducive to the emergence of opportunistic pathogens such as clostridium difficile. a novel approach to protect the microbiome from antibiotic-mediated dysbiosis is the use of beta-lactamase enzymes to degrade residual antibiotics in the gastrointestinal tract before the microflora are harmed. here ... | 2016 | 27262694 |
| clostridium difficile infections in children: impact of the diagnostic method on infection rates. | background polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays based on the detection of the toxin b gene are replacing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa)-based toxin production detection or cell cytotoxicity assay in most laboratories. objective to determine the proportion of pediatric patients diagnosed with clostridium difficile infection by pcr who would have also been diagnosed by elisa and to compare the clinical characteristics of pcr+/elisa+ vs pcr+/elisa- patients. methods using the microbiol ... | 2016 | 27263967 |
| characteristics and demographic distributions of toxigenic clostridium difficile strains in rajavithi hospital, 2009-2015. | in recent years, toxigenic clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has been the cause of c. difficile-associated diseases (cdad), resulting in increasing hospitalization, community infection outbreak and mortality all over the world. | 2016 | 27266236 |
| prevention of clostridium difficile infection: a systematic survey of clinical practice guidelines. | background clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most common cause of hospital-acquired infectious diarrhea. objective to analyze the methodological quality, content, and supporting evidence among clinical practice guidelines (cpgs) on cdi prevention. design and setting we searched medical databases and gray literature for cpgs on cdi prevention published january 2004-january 2015. three reviewers independently screened articles and rated cpg quality using the appraisal of guidelines for ... | 2016 | 27267201 |
| differences in the molecular epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility of clostridium difficile isolates in pediatric and adult patients. | the rising incidence of clostridium difficile infections (cdis) in adults is partly related to the global spread of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains, namely, bi/nap1/027. although cdis are also increasingly diagnosed in children, bi/nap1/027 is relatively uncommon in children. little is known about the antibiotic susceptibility of pediatric cdi isolates. c. difficile was cultured from tcdb-positive stools collected from children diagnosed with cdi between december 2012 and december 2013 at an a ... | 2016 | 27270275 |
| [prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections]. | with a share of 22.4%, nosocomial urinary tract infections (nutis) are among the most frequent infections acquired in hospitals, along with surgical site infections (24.7%), pneumonia (21.5%), clostridium difficile infections (6.6%) and primary sepsis (6%) 1. 80% of all nutis are associated with indwelling urinary catheters, with 12-16% of all hospitalised patients and up to 81.8% of all intensive care patients receiving an indwelling urinary catheter during their hospital stay 2 3. therefore, p ... | 2016 | 27271450 |
| glucosylation drives the innate inflammatory response to clostridium difficile toxin a. | clostridium difficile is a major, life-threatening hospital-acquired pathogen that causes mild to severe colitis in infected individuals. the tissue destruction and inflammation which characterize c. difficile infection (cdi) are primarily due to the rho-glucosylating toxins a and b. these toxins cause epithelial cell death and induce robust inflammatory signaling by activating the transcription factor nf-κb, leading to chemokine and cytokine secretion. the toxins also activate the inflammasome ... | 2016 | 27271747 |
| crispr/cas9-based efficient genome editing in clostridium ljungdahlii, an autotrophic gas-fermenting bacterium. | acetogenic bacteria have the potential to convert single carbon gases (co and co2) into a range of bulk chemicals and fuels. realization of their full potential is being impeded by the absence of effective genetic tools for high throughput genome modification. here we report the development of a highly efficient crispr/cas9 system for rapid genome editing of clostridium ljungdahlii, a paradigm for the commercial production of ethanol from synthesis gas. following the experimental selection of tw ... | 2016 | 27276212 |
| lectin binding studies on a glycopolymer brush flow-through biosensor by localized surface plasmon resonance. | a localized surface plasmon resonance biosensor in a flow-through configuration was applied for investigating kinetics of lectin binding to surface-grafted glycopolymer brushes. polycarbonate filter membranes with pore sizes of 400 nm were coated with a 114-nm thick gold layer and used as substrate for surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization of a glycomonomer. these grafted from glycopolymer brushes were further modified with two subsequent enzymatic reactions on the surface to yi ... | 2016 | 27277814 |
| universality of human microbial dynamics. | human-associated microbial communities have a crucial role in determining our health and well-being, and this has led to the continuing development of microbiome-based therapies such as faecal microbiota transplantation. these microbial communities are very complex, dynamic and highly personalized ecosystems, exhibiting a high degree of inter-individual variability in both species assemblages and abundance profiles. it is not known whether the underlying ecological dynamics of these communities, ... | 2016 | 27279224 |
| low frequency of asymptomatic carriage of toxigenic clostridium difficile in an acute care geriatric hospital: prospective cohort study in switzerland. | the role of asymptomatic carriers of toxigenic clostridium difficile (tcd) in nosocomial cross-transmission remains debatable. moreover, its relevance in the elderly has been sparsely studied. | 2016 | 27280019 |
| amelioration of clostridium difficile infection in mice by dietary supplementation with indole-3-carbinol. | to determine the therapeutic effects of dietary supplementation on clostridium difficile infection (cdi). | 2016 | 27280500 |
| clostridium difficile infection in a french university hospital: eight years of prospective surveillance study. | the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has changed with an increase in incidence and severity. prospective surveillance was therefore implemented in a french university hospital to monitor the characteristics of patients at risk and to recognize local trends. between 2007 and 2014, all hospitalized patients (≥18 years) with cdi were included. during the survey, the mean incidence rate of cdi was 2.9 per 10,000 hospital-days. in all, 590 patients were included. most of the epis ... | 2016 | 27281101 |
| evaluation of the vidas glutamate dehydrogenase assay for the detection of clostridium difficile. | we evaluated the performance of the vidas gdh assay for the detection of clostridium difficile. in total, 350 fecal specimens collected from patients clinically suspected of having cdi were analyzed by c. difficile culture and enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay (vidas gdh); the results were compared with those of toxigenic c. difficile culture (tc), pcr (xpert c. difficile assay), and toxin ab eia (vidas cdab). the numbers of culture-positive and culture-negative samples were 108 and 242, res ... | 2016 | 27282799 |
| procalcitonin-guided antibiotic treatment in critically ill patients. | in critically ill patients, length of antibiotic treatment can be effectively guided by procalcitonin (pct) protocols. international sepsis guidelines and guidelines on antibiotic stewardship strategies recommend pct as helpful laboratory marker for a rational use of antibiotics. a number of studies and meta-analyses have confirmed the effectiveness of pct-protocols for shortening antibiotic treatment without compromising clinical outcome in critically ill patients. but in clinical practice, the ... | 2017 | 27283067 |
| ridinilazole: a novel therapy for clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the leading cause of infectious healthcare-associated diarrhoea. recurrent cdi increases disease morbidity and mortality, posing a high burden to patients and a growing economic burden to the healthcare system. thus, there exists a significant unmet and increasing medical need for new therapies for cdi. this review aims to provide a concise summary of cdi in general and a specific update on ridinilazole (formerly smt19969), a novel antibacterial currently ... | 2016 | 27283730 |
| tolerability and pharmacokinetics of syn-004, an orally administered β-lactamase for the prevention of clostridium difficile-associated disease and antibiotic-associated diarrhea, in two phase 1 studies. | syn-004 is an orally administered β-lactamase enzyme, designed to be given concurrently with certain intravenous β-lactam antibiotics like cephalosporins. syn-004 is intended to degrade residual antibiotics excreted into the intestine as a result of hepatobiliary excretion and to prevent the disruption of the gut microbiome by these excess antibiotics. preserving the gut microbiome is expected to prevent secondary infections by pathogens like clostridium difficile and protect against other antib ... | 2016 | 27283946 |
| clostridium difficile ribotype 033 colitis in a patient following broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment for kpcproducing klebsiella pneumoniae infection, italy. | this report describes a case of clostridium difficile ribotype 033 colitis in a patient treated with multiple antibiotics for kpc-producing klebsiella pneumoniae pancreatitis. diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic features are discussed. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of c. difficile ribotype 033 clinical infection reported from italy. | 2016 | 27284989 |
| long-term microbiota and virome in a zürich patient after fecal transplantation against clostridium difficile infection. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is an emerging therapeutic option for clostridium difficile infections that are refractory to conventional treatment. fmt introduces fecal microbes into the patient's intestine that prevent the recurrence of c. difficile, leading to rapid expansion of bacteria characteristic of healthy microbiota. however, the long-term effects of fmt remain largely unknown. the c. difficile patient described in this paper revealed protracted microbiota adaptation processes ... | 2016 | 27286042 |
| epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized oncology patients. | the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) among oncology inpatients is poorly understood. in multivariate analysis we identified age, history of cdi, and prior receipt of cephalosporins, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors, metronidazole, and blood transfusion as risk factors associated with cdi. reducing broad-spectrum antibiotic use, particularly among older patients and those with a cdi history and recent blood transfusions, may decrease cdi risk in this population. | 2016 | 27287733 |
| health care worker hand contamination at critical moments in outpatient care settings. | the delivery of health care in outpatient settings has steadily increased over the past 40 years. the risk of infection in these settings is considered to be low. however, the increasing severity of illness and complexity of care in outpatient settings creates a need to reexamine the transmission of pathogens in this setting. | 2016 | 27287735 |
| clostridium difficile in libya: a neglected pathogen? | 2017 | 27290694 | |
| zoonotic potential of the clostridium difficile rt078 family in taiwan. | clostridium difficile is the major cause of nosocomial diarrhea. we have previously demonstrated that in southern taiwan, severe c. difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) cases were due to the c. difficile rt 126 strain infection, indicating the arrival of an epidemic c. difficile clone in southern taiwan. rt126 has a close genetic relationship with rt078. however, the rt078 family is the predominant strain of c. difficile in animals worldwide, particularly in swine. in this study, we surveyed c. ... | 2016 | 27292030 |